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Abstract POLAR is a compact wide-field space-borne detector for precise measurements of the linear polarisation of hard X-rays emitted from gamma-ray burst and solar flares in the energy range of 50 keV to 500 keV. It consists of a 40 × 40 array of plastic scintillator bars used as a detection material. POLAR was launched into a low Earth orbit on-board the Chinese space-lab TG-2 on September 15, 2016. To achieve high accuracies in polarisation measurements it is essential to perform a precise energy calibration both before and during the flight. Such calibrations are performed with four low activity 22Na radioactive sources placed inside the instrument. Energy conversion factors are related to Compton edge positions from the collinear annihilation photons from the sources. This paper presents the main principles of the in-flight calibration, describes studies of the method based on Monte Carlo simulations and its laboratory verification, and provides some observation results based on the in-flight data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Konstruktionen europäischer Identität in der Schweizer Medienöffentlichkeit während vier Erweiterungs- und Vertiefungsereignissen der EU. Er fragt, wie sich europäische Identität zwischen der Schweiz und ihren EU-Nachbarländern unterscheidet und inwieweit die Unterschiede über die Zeit zunehmen. Europäische Identität wird mit einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse als inhaltliche Deutung der EU und deren Bewertung analysiert. Für die Schweiz zeigen sich im Vergleich zu den EU-Ländern schwache, aber über die Zeit nicht abnehmende Identifikationen mit der EU. Die schwächeren Identifikationen in der Schweiz betreffen weniger wirtschaftliche EU-Deutungen, sondern vor allem die EU als eine Wertegemeinschaft und als starker politischer Verbund. This paper analyzes the construction of European identity in Swiss media discourses during four moments of EU integration. It is asked how European identity differs between Switzerland and its neighboring countries in the EU and if the deepening and widening of the EU is related to growing differences. A quantitative content analysis shows how particular interpretations of the EU are related to a specific degree of identification with the EU. Results show a low level of identification in Switzerland. Identity constructions with an economic focus are similar in all countries; only Switzerland rejects the EU as community of political values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Diagnose und Therapie der craniomandibulären Dysfunktion (CMD) stellen eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da die CMD nicht ein spezielles Krankheitsbild beschreibt, sondern sich aus verschiedenen Störungen zusammensetzt. Dysfunktionen der Okklusion können viele Körperfunktionen beeinflussen. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt der bilaminären Zone in der Diagnostik eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Um Hinweise zur Ausgangsposition, in der eine Beurteilung stattfinden sollte, zu erlangen, wurde in der vorliegenden Untersuchung analysiert, in welcher Körperhaltung (Stehen, Sitzen oder Liegen) die bilaminäre Zone am meisten be- bzw. entlastet wird. Dazu wurden Personen mit und ohne CMD untersucht. Die Voruntersuchungen der Okklusionstests wurden mit dem T-Scan (Sensor-Support-gestütztes System) durchgeführt. Als weitere Messmethode wurde der P-Scan (Artikulationsprüfmittel) neu entwickelt und eingesetzt. P-Scan macht die Kontaktpunkte des gesamten Zahnbogens auf Papier sichtbar. Die Testergebnisse zeigen, dass die bilaminäre Zone in sitzender Position am meisten und in stehender Position am geringsten belastet wird. Diagnosis and therapy of craniomandibular dysfunctions (CMD) are particularly challenging as CMD does not describe a unique clinical picture, but contains a combination of different dysfunctions. Dysfunctions of the occlusion can impact many body functions and lead to various symptoms. In this context the bilaminar zone is of particular importance for the diagnosis. The body position, in which diagnostic tests should occur, is still being discussed. In this study the effect of three body positions (standing, sitting, lying) on the bilaminar zone were analysed. For this purpose patients with and without CMD were examined. The occlusion tests were carried out with T-Scan (sensor support system). Additionally the P-Scan (articulatory test equipment) was developed and used for further analysis. P-Scan shows the contact points of the entire tooth sector on paper. The test results show that the bilaminar zone is most stressed while sitting and most relaxed in a standing position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Es existiert keine Interrater-Reliabilität bei der Palpation. Daraus folgt: Die Palpation ist subjektiv. Sie ist abhängig von der Wahrnehmung des jeweiligen Therapeuten und dadurch ist sie abhängig von seiner Persönlichkeit. Folglich gehören zum Unterricht der Palpation drei Faktoren: Entwicklung der haptischen und biomechanischen Palpation, Kultivierung der Wahrnehmung, Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit. Diese drei Faktoren sind durch intellektuelles Lernen nicht zu realisieren. Vielmehr muss der Therapeut Erfahrungen sammeln. Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich aus der Sicht eines Dozenten damit, wie Übungen die Osteopathiestudenten zu Erfahrungen führen und wie diese Erfahrungen durch Reflektieren in das Persönlichkeitssystem der Studenten integriert werden. There is no interrater reliability in palpation. Palpation is subjective. It depends on the perception of each therapist and the perception depends on the personality of the therapist. Therefore the teaching of palpation includes three factors: development of the haptic and biomechanical palpation, cultivation of perception, development of personality. These three factors cannot be put into practice through intellectual learning. For this purpose, the therapist needs to gather experiences. This paper shows from the perspective of a lecturer, how exercises lead osteopathy students to experiences and how these experiences can be integrated into the personality of the students by reflecting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit einem Thema, das für viele Osteopathen ein beschwerliches Beiwerk ihrer eigentlichen Tätigkeit am Patienten ist: die Organisation, Verwaltung und Abrechnung der eigenen Praxis. Lösungen gibt es einige: klassisch mit Papierkalender und handgeschriebenen Rechnungen, mit Word-Dokumenten, Excel-Listen etc. Wirklich komfortabel ist allerdings in erster Linie eine Lösung, die den Aufwand der Verwaltung möglichst gering hält, um dem Therapeuten mehr Spielraum für seine Tätigkeit am Patienten zu geben. Diese Aufgabe sollen die hier vorgestellten Software-Lösungen erfüllen, teils mit sehr unterschiedlichen Ansätzen. Management of an osteopathic practice is an issue that many osteopaths consider as a necessary add-on to their work with patients. There are many solutions: paper calendars and handwritten invoices, Word-documents, Excel-Sheets etc. A comprehensive solution though is able to reduce the administrative work. The software-based solutions presented in this article are meant to accomplish this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Der Plexus brachialis stellt eine anatomische und diagnostische Herausforderung für jeden elektrophysiologisch tätigen Neurologen dar. Die Untersuchung des Plexus brachialis mittels hochauflösenden Ultraschalls – von Anästhesiologen und Intensivmedizinern seit Jahren praktiziert – hat hier in jüngster Vergangenheit zu einiger Aufhellung beigetragen. So konnten sowohl in der sonografischen Darstellung des Plexus brachialis in der Skalenuslücke als auch supraskapulär sowie in der Darstellung der zervikalen Wurzeln C5 bis C8 bei Kompressionen, Tumoren und traumatischen Veränderungen pathologische Befunde erhoben werden. Auch bei generalisierten neuromuskulären Erkrankungen aus dem Formenkreis der Polyneuropathien und Motoneuronerkrankungen finden sich interessante Daten. Systematische Arbeiten in der Neurologie fehlen jedoch bisher weitestgehend. Die folgende Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten der Plexusbildgebung mittels Ultraschall aus Sicht der Neurologie geben. Summary The brachial plexus is an anatomical and diagnostic challenge for neurophysiologists and neurologists. Imaging of this region using high-resolution ultrasound – used by anaesthesiologists and intensive care unit specialists since several years - brought some elucidation in the recent past. Ultrasonic imaging of the intrascalene and the supraclavicular parts and imaging of the cervical nerve roots C5-C8 showed interesting results in cases of compression, tumours and trauma. Even in neuromuscular disorders, such as polyneuropathies and motoneuron disease, promising data have been published. However, multicentre observational studies in neurology are still lacking. The following paper gives an overview about applications of ultrasonic plexus imaging from the view of neurology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Communication Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurophysiologie-Labor is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Osteopathische Medizin is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurophysiologie-Labor is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurophysiologie-Labor is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Switzerland, political actors do not only present their positions in the context of election campaigns, but they also reach out for voter support in the context of referendums and popular initiatives. This happens about four times a year. They do so by using their own means (own media), through the media coverage (free media) or through their political advertising (paid media). In this paper we analyze the character, the initiators of political advertisements and the arguments presented by them. Our sample consists of 375 issues of newspapers in the Swiss canton of Zurich. We found 107 campaign advertisements for three different issue-votes in the direct democratic vote on May 17, 2009. What had been discovered with regard to media coverage taking place during the weeks before the day of the direct democratic vote, our paper also confirms in the context of political advertising. The campaign only takes place about four weeks before the voting day. Our results show that political actors combine their financial means and join ad-hoc campaign committees to plan and execute paid media- contrary to the ordinary news reporting (free media), which they use to present themselves as individual politicians, parties or organizations. Furthermore, advertisements are personalized and regionalized with well-known political representatives. Depending on the campaign issue, the targeting can be even more detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]