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Image‐based quality control – part 2: granulometric properties The changes in concrete technology necessary to achieve the climate protection targets will lead to a significant change in the concrete mixtures typically used. The raw materials used are becoming more diverse and complex. The use of recycled raw materials will also significantly increase the fluctuations in the properties of the raw materials. An Accurate and time‐efficient determination of the granulometric properties of the aggregate is of crucial importance, especially for "eco‐concretes", in order to ensure consistent quality characteristics. As a natural raw material, the aggregate is subject to certain fluctuations to which such optimized concrete compositions can react relatively sensitively. In the future, it will be necessary to determine possible quality deviations of the fresh concrete resulting from fluctuations in the raw materials in a time‐efficient manner in order to be able to make appropriate adjustments in the production process as quickly as possible. This paper presents an image‐based quality control for the digital evaluation of granulometric properties of the aggregate as a part oft he flow table test. Accordingly, the range of properties of the image‐based method already presented in Part 1 of this paper is extended to a fully comprehensive digital quality control. This paper presents the image‐based determination of the granulometric properties of the aggregate as a part oft he flow table test. The determination is based on the image‐based quality control described in part 1 of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurzfassung: „German Theory" is a theory that has not yet been written, but could have been. „Theory" is here understood as a "territory of thought" that transcends the boundaries of its origins, and travels to other sites. „French Theory", for example, is the label for the travel of French poststructuralism to Anglophone humanities. In this sense, „German Theory" does not exist (yet), but as this paper will argue, it exists as a potentiality that has not (yet) actualized. To show this potential, this paper turns to the work of Friedrich A. Kittler. To illustrate why Kittler did not become a cornerstone of „German Theory", and to discuss how it could have been, this paper proceeds in two steps: first, it traces the recent history of the reception of Foucault in German language geography and the humanities. This analysis shows that Kittler and German language geography morphed Foucault's discourse theory into two distinct thought styles – the „discourse school" in German language geography into a „textual" one; Kittler into a „materialist" one. This incompatibility of thought styles, this paper asserts, obstructed the travel of Kittler to Anglophone geography, although Kittler's notion of „materiality of communication" resonates with the „material turn" in Anglophone geography. Nor did the Foucault of the „discourse school" travel to Anglophone geography. Kittler's „German Foucault" travelled to Anglophone media studies as „German School", though. In the last part of the paper, I ask the question how Kittler's „German Foucault" could have travelled to (anglophone) geography and what could have been gained theoretically through this travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an approach to sexual therapy for sexual dysfunctions and sexual relationship dysfunctions that was inspired first by the „Third Power of Psychology“, the Humanistic Psychology and Psychotherapy (HPT) and secondly by the „Third Wave of Psychotherapy“, here Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Accordingly, the therapy focuses on the acceptance of problems and the concession that something is not right, instead of attempting to eliminate or correct dysfunction. Acceptance and Commitment Sexual Therapy (Akzeptanz- und Zugeständnis-Sexualtherapie, AZST) is based on the assumption that sexual dysfunctions and sexual relationship dysfunctions can be resolved once the pressure to correct (or „fix“) a dysfunction is eliminated. The approach draws on the broader understanding of sexual health derived from the principles of Ivan Bloch, in which socio-cultural norms, ideals and expectations relating to sexual activity form the background for the evaluation of sexual health. It is assumed that, on the macro level, sexual dysfunctions are not individual psychological symptoms but rather expressions of social normative sexual expectations which are internalized by the individual as potentially pathological. Specifically, that sexual interactions must result in „successful“ penis-vaginal penetration and rate as „bad sex“ when this goal is not achieved. Clinical observations show that sexual dysfunctions, on the micro level, are largely penetration dysfunctions which occur with internalized pressure to achieve penis-vaginal penetration. Acceptance and Commitment Sexual Therapy supports the couple in their recognition of socialy normative pathogenic sexual expectations, and in their refocusing on the communication function of sexuality. The paper gives a schematic overview of the principles and processes of Acceptance and Commitment Sexual Therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes and interprets Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s 1705 poem on the death of Queen Sophie Charlotte. The poem is examined within its historical context, and existing research literature is critically evaluated. With a dual objective, the paper firstly seeks to enrich the predominantly philosophical focus of existing research by introducing a nuanced perspective from literary studies. Secondly, it aims to consolidate the current state of research within this specific intersection of literature and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following contribution aims to present and evaluate the complex network of topics and ideas pertaining to language across the breadth of Leibniz’s writings. The first part provides a structured overview of Leibniz’s historical language studies, which played a pioneering role in evidence-based scientific investigations across various fields, such as the history of languages, the origin(s) of language(s), language change, and grammatical theory. It also explores Leibniz’s positions on language politics. The second part of the paper investigates the partially covered role that questions of language play in constructing Leibniz’s philosophical system, illuminating how much his philosophical achievements draw inspirations both from his juridical experiences and his mathematical inventions. The paper concludes with new insights into Leibniz’s conception of scientific truths, analyzing how we operate with words as signs of distinct primitive notions or ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article first presents and explains the theses that emerge from Régis Burnet's monograph 'Exegesis and History of Reception' (Tübingen 2021) and from his SNTS Main Paper published in NTS 2023, 'Why "Reception History" Is Not Just Another Exegetical Method: The Case of Mark's Ending' (Leuven 2022). It then develops questions and perspectives that result from the dialogue between Burnet's approach and my own approach and continue this productive, unfinished discussion. It should be postulated that the history of interpretation and the reception history belong to the field of theological encyclopaedia and have the potential to lead to an 'aesthetic theology'. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt zunächst die Thesen, die sich aus Régis Burnets Monographie Exegesis and History of Reception (Tübingen 2021) und aus seinem in NTS 2023 publizierten SNTS Main Paper „Why ‚Reception History' Is Not Just Another Exegetical Method: The Case of Mark's Ending" (Leuven 2022) ergeben, vor und erläutert sie. Sodann entwickelt er Fragen und Perspektiven, die sich aus dem Gespräch unserer Ansätze ergeben und dieses noch unabgeschlossene, produktive Gespräch weiterführen. Es soll postuliert werden, dass Auslegungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte Arbeitsfelder theologischer Enzyklopädie darstellen und das Potential bergen, zu einer ‚ästhetischen Theologie' zu führen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedestrian-friendly urban structures motivate people to use active modes of mobility and walk instead of using their car. Active mobility is associated with health-promoting benefits and assumed to support neighbourhood-based social interaction. In this context, walkability assessment tools help urban and transport planning to identify deficiencies for the walkability of urban neighbourhoods and use the results to work towards improvements. The results contribute towards the establishment of indicators to measure development and planning targets with respect to the walkability of urban neighbourhoods and continuous monitoring over time. Based on a newly developed and free available GIS-measurement tool this paper assesses the walkability of the 16 most populated Germany cities at a small scale. The lowest average walkability can be found in the city of Dortmund, while Frankfurt am Main shows the highest values. The paper discusses the methodology and the results for the 16 cities and uses short portrayals of the town planning history and pedestrian infrastructure in Dortmund and Frankfurt am Main to explain possible reasons for the differences in the measurement results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the taboo of failure in pedagogy and argues that this taboo is just as complex and contradictory as it is necessary for the discipline. It explores how failure is discussed in pedagogical theory and practice and which forms of speaking about pedagogical failure are tabooed. The article does not advocate for breaking the taboo, but rather for working through it. It emphasizes that pedagogical action always goes hand in hand with broken intention and that failure is a unique characteristic of educational science. Failure is considered an important pedagogical experience that opens up spaces for reflection. Approaches are discussed on how to promote a culture of mistakes and a serious engagement with failure in learning and educational processes. It is emphasized that educational science should thoroughly address the taboo of failure. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for its upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are trauma, failure/negative therapy outcomes, societal topics as a "rescue" of psychoanalysis, and a conference issue for the annual conference of the DGIP 2022. The manuscripts will undergo an anonymous peer review. The journal has a print edition with the ISSN 0342-393X and an online edition with the ISSN 2196-8330. [Extracted from the article]

The e-prescription was introduced in Austria in 2022 and digitizes the prescription process in the healthcare system. The introduction of the e-prescription poses special challenges and risks, which are examined in the article from various perspectives. The e-prescription replaces the previous paper prescription and is intended to increase efficiency and improve data quality. The prescription process is carried out electronically from the prescription to the billing, with the relevant information being stored in the administrative system. The e-prescription can be redeemed using an e-card or QR code, and reimbursement is done exclusively electronically. The e-prescription enables the electronic prescribing of medications in Austria. The pharmacy electronically records the data and forwards it to the social insurance companies on a daily basis. However, there are certain areas where the e-prescription cannot be used, such as for long-term anesthetics. The system currently only applies to medications reimbursed by the social insurance companies. Data protection plays an important role in the digitization of the healthcare system, and appropriate technical and organizational measures must be taken to ensure an adequate level of protection. A risk analysis shows that the electronic prescription (e-prescription) provides effective security measures against dangers such as unauthorized access or forgery. As part of the Health Telematics Act, a closed network has been established to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of personal data. The e-prescription is considered more forgery-proof than the traditional paper prescription and can only be redeemed once. To prevent abuse, information about the patient and the issuer must be included, and the prescription must be electronically signed. Although there were initially difficulties, around 1.2 million e-prescriptions have already been issued and the system is largely implemented. The e-prescription is an important step towards digital health management, but further modernizations are still required. The Vienna Medical Chamber provides information on the topic of e-prescriptions on its website. There is also an FAQ document that answers questions about the e-prescription. There is excitement about the new e-prescription, as reported on orf.at. The electronic health record ELGA also provides information on digitization in healthcare. [Extracted from the article]

Machine learning for design and analysis of steel frame halls The use of digital tools in design and construction processes increases efficiency, especially for recurring tasks and processes, such as the dimensioning of components or structures, which follow similar patterns. This paper develops an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based assistant for use in the pre‐design and design of steel frame halls as a prototypical co‐pilot. For this purpose, the necessary database of steel frame halls is first compiled from project archives of TRAGRAUM Partnerschaft Beratender Ingenieure mbB. This will be examined in the context of data analyses according to the decisive description parameters and similarities, so that finally suitable AI surrogate models for the prediction of the hall parameters are trained by means of regression analyses. Furthermore, an interface to the finite element program SOFiSTiK is implemented, which passes the predictions of the AI regarding the parameters of the steel frame halls to a parameterized input file and triggers the calculation and design. In the course of the calibration of the AI substitute models, in addition to the approximation qualities, possible safety margins to be provided are also discussed in the context of this article. This article shows that the prototypical co‐pilot for the preliminary design of steel frame halls could be successfully implemented. Furthermore the AI newly generated hall frames can be classified as stable with respect to the validation considerations. An outlook on future further developments of this approach as well as the transfer to other applications complete this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper views the torch run (fakkelloop) in 1975 that ended with the inauguration of the Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl on 10 October 1975. While the Afrikaans Language Monument and the Afrikaans Language Museum receive considerable attention in the literature, scant information about the torch run is recorded in a structured manner, even though it was of wide cultural and geographical significance. The torch run was organised as part of the Afrikaans language festivities of 1975, the year having been declared Language Year (Taaljaar) by the South African government. The Language Year commemorated, inter alia, the founding a century earlier, on 14 August 1875, of the Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners (GRA, or Fellowship for True Afrikaners) in Paarl, the elevation of Afrikaans to the status of official language 50 years later in 1925, and the opening of the museum and inauguration of the Monument in Paarl in 1975. The torch run comprised people carrying torches, in commemoration of the Language Year, over long distances in South Africa and the then South-West Africa (today Namibia) and Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe). Eight language torches were lit at the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria on 14 August 1975. Each torch was carried on a different route through South Africa, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. The torches arrived at the Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl on 10 October 1975 for the opening ceremony of the Monument on that day. While the Afrikaans Language Monument in Paarl is well-known, very little is known about other structures celebrating the Afrikaans language all over South Africa (and one in Namibia). These commemorative structures take the form of monuments, memorial plaques and even a primary school, but they (other than the primary school, which obviously is not in the form of a monument) are not comparable in scale with the Monument in Paarl. The oldest language monument in South Africa is in Burgersdorp and was erected in 1893 in commemoration of the acceptance of the Dutch language as a parliamentary language in the former Cape Colony. Two Afrikaans language monuments (in Kroonstad and Welkom) were erected as part of the celebrations in 1959 known as Die Wonder van Afrikaans (The Wonder of Afrikaans). Taaljaar Primary School (Laerskool Taaljaar) in Witbank (today eMalahleni) was opened in that year as well. The aim of Die Wonder van Afrikaans was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (SA Academy for Science and Arts), founded in 1909, and the 30th anniversary of the Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurverenigings (FAK, or Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Societies), founded in 1929. As part of the Taaljaar 1975, a number of structures commemorating the Afrikaans language were erected throughout South Africa. The unveilings took place at language and cultural festivals when a Taaljaar torch was carried through the cities and towns concerned. These commemorative structures are scattered randomly throughout the country and take the form of monuments and memorial plaques. One monument celebrating Afrikaans was unveiled in 2014 in Namibia as well. There are records of commemorative structures in the form of plaques or monuments erected during the Taaljaar in Aberdeen, Belfast, Burgersfort, Delareyville, East London, Ermelo, Johannesburg, Lichtenburg, Makhado (Louis Trichardt), Montagu, Ohrigstad, Petrus Steyn, Reddersburg, Reitz, Riebeek-Kasteel, Springbok, Trompsburg, Touws River, Ventersdorp and Worcester. Some records are incomplete, but they do suggest that such structures may have been erected (or may have existed) in Ladismith (Western Cape), Meyerton, Milnerton, and Trompsburg. Many years after the Taaljaar, on 8 November 2014, an Afrikaans language monument was erected in Windhoek in Namibia. The FAK was instrumental in erecting this monument. The torch run was the last geographically comprehensive cultural commemoration of Afrikaans. In scope it is comparable with national festivals such as the 1938 Symbolic Great Trek, the laying of the cornerstone of the Voortrekker Monument (also in 1938) and the inauguration of the Voortrekker Monument in 1949. The history of the torches and the torch run is the focus of this research paper. The torch run is inextricably linked to the language memorials unveiled during the Taaljaar and the cultural language festivals arranged in many cities and towns. This was the last time that Afrikaans was celebrated on a national scale. The torch run itself was a major success, but after 1975 the domestic environment in the country changed considerably. The Soweto uprising of 1976 against the compulsory use of Afrikaans in schools in black communities drastically changed sentiments towards the language. Afrikaans became politicised, and, in addition, the introduction of television in South Africa in 1976 changed the appetite of Afrikaans speakers for language and cultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eton-Myers collection contains 14 vessels and shards with black rims, which are characteristic of the early predynastic period in Egypt. In this study, five vessels from the collection were analyzed and their shapes and dates determined. The vessels were dated to different periods of Egyptian history, and it was found that the shapes of the vessels have changed over time. The study emphasizes the importance of archaeometric analysis in deepening the understanding of trade between Egypt and its neighbors in prehistory. [Extracted from the article]

Free‐form reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and composite components: Calculation of cross‐section values A resource‐efficient use of concrete as a construction material can be achieved by adapting the individual shape of a component under consideration to the stresses that occur and by arranging composite construction materials (e. g. reinforcing steel, prestressing steel or structural steel) in suitable areas of the component. Due to the advancing digitalisation in the construction industry, for example in the context of Building Information Modeling, computer‐aided 3D modelling methods are increasingly being used in the planning of structures. These allow engineers to design components in free form. In reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and composite construction, the design of such components is currently still associated with great effort. In the context of the development of a practical method for the calculation of free‐form concrete components, this paper presents a CAD‐integrated method for the calculation of cross‐section values. Cross‐section values are required as an essential calculation basis when real, three‐dimensional structural components are treated using simplified calculation theories, such as the beam theory. In this paper, the mathematical and numerical fundamentals of a method for the calculation of cross‐section values of free‐form concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and compound components are presented. The calculation method is based on flat geometric regions described by Non‐uniform rational B‐Spline tensor product surfaces, which can be extracted from solid models, for example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper inquires into Maximus of Tyre's theodicy (Or. 41). Contemporary scholarship tends to disclaim the philosophical significance of Maximus' speeches due to their opulent rhetoric and popularising style. Oratio 41—Maximus' speech on the problem of evil—might be suited to counteract such tendencies. The paper first analyses the different aspects of Maximus' theodicy within its Stoic-Middle Platonic milieu, then demonstrates, how Maximus always takes into account the main purpose of his orations—encouraging his adolescent listeners to choose philosophy as a way of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Cue-exposure therapy (CET) is an intervention for relapse prevention in substance use disorders aiming at the habituation of the automatized response to substance related cues (cue-reactivity). Effectiveness of CET is moderate; possibilities to overcome some limitations through virtual reality (CR) are discussed. This paper summarizes the development of a study protocol for a VR-CET study, including a pilot study with n=17 smokers who rated the relapse probability of high-risk relapse situations. The paper closes with a discussion of obstacles and perspectives in the field of VR-CET. Method: The study protocol of a randomized-controlled trial using these scenarios is presented. Conclusions: VR-CET allows to overcome practical limitations of CET in relapse prevention in smokers. The need of and possibilities to individualize VR-CET scenarios and their boundaries are discussed. A validation of the VR-CET results is required to improve the practical VR-CET application in relapse prevention in substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mechanically consistent approach for stability verification of timber beams in compression and bending around the strong axis, part 1 – derivations Slender timber beams in bending can be designed using different methods in view of out‐of‐plane stability. Lateral torsional buckling may be verified either using the so called equivalent member method or by means of 2nd order calculations, considering equivalent imperfections. However, at present determining the lateral torsional buckling resistance using either of these both methods, leads to different results. In this paper, the background of both verifications is investigated in deep. Moreover, as an alternative approach, a non‐linear calculation with an imperfection shape in affinity to the critical shape is presented in part 1 of this paper. If the curvature amplitude is scaled, the same results as by the equivalent member method are achieved. It is shown that plasticity effects can be considered with high precision as well. In part 2, results of experimental tests on lateral torsional buckling of glued laminated timber and laminated veneer lumber beams are presented, with nearly ideal boundary conditions and load remaining vertical through‐out the test. Based on these test first tentative values can be obtained for the imperfection compatible with the alternative lateral torsional buckling approach presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling of the CUBE's TWIST shell This paper gives an overview of the main procedures prepared during the phase of the project development within the field of numerical modelling and design. The roof shell elements represent itself twisted shape that together with complicated structurally demanded inner structure forms quite complicated configuration for the concrete volumes as well as for the used reinforcement. Therefore, custom developed numerical method was required to be prepared. For that, the software solutions Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D were used as the main algorithmic environment. The paper additionally gives an insight of important aspects required for production of the formwork components, thermal insulation, biaxially oriented carbon reinforcing grids and other parts of the load‐bearing shells. Finally, the paper gives an idea how was established a collaboration with partners of the CUBE project in particular in the field of structural analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses principles to be essential in order to ensure a good supply for accredited laboratories including appreciation of the special specialist areas of diagnostic medicine in the laboratory, reliable framework conditions, and quality of laboratory supply.

Background: The causes of spasticity are various and include cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis or other congenital or acquired lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). While there is often a partial functional component, spasticity also results in varying degrees of impairment of the quality of life. Objective: A review of surgical treatment options for spasticity. Material and methods: A systematic PubMed review of the literature on epidemiology and treatment options with a focus on neurosurgical interventions for spasticity and developments in the last 20 years as well as inclusion of still valid older landmark papers was carried out. Illustration of indications, technique, follow-up, and possible pitfalls of the different methods for the surgical treatment of spasticity. Results: Depending on the affected region, the number of muscle groups, and the extent of spasticity, focal (selective peripheral neurotomy, nerve transfer), regional (selective dorsal rhizotomy), or generalized (baclofen pump) procedures can be performed. The indications are usually established by an interdisciplinary team. Conservative (physiotherapy, oral medications) and focally invasive (botulinum toxin injections) methods should be performed in advance. In cases of insufficient response to treatment or only short-term relief, surgical methods can be evaluated. These are usually preceded by test phases with, for example, trial injections. Conclusion: Surgical methods are a useful adjunct in cases of insufficient response to conservative treatment in children and adults with spasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "General Educational Science and the Problematisation of Pedagogical Knowledge - in the Age of AI" discusses the debate about the use of ChatGPT in higher education and emphasizes the relevance of General Educational Science. It is shown how this is realized as a "problem" in current forms of educational research. The article examines the impact of ChatGPT on university teaching and examination and discusses the opportunities, risks, and limitations of using AI models at universities. It emphasizes that the use of AI in higher education influences pedagogical processes of self-reflection and changes the shaping of pedagogy. The functions of General Educational Science and its relevance for problematizing pedagogy are examined, and the effects of algorithmic rationality on higher education are discussed. [Extracted from the article]

Efficient swallowing without functional and structural limitations is indispensable for adequate oral intake of food and fluids. Regardless of food consistencies, food forms, or tablet forms, the act of swallowing is an extremely complex movement pattern involving the participation of up to 100 muscles. Impaired swallowing can occur in many neurological disorders, with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases being the most common. With advancing age, various changes occur in the body that also affect swallowing function and physiology in healthy older individuals, a condition known as presbyphagia. This process becomes visible as early as the age of 65, with its intensity and prevalence increasing with age and potentially progressing into a clinically relevant swallowing disorder called dysphagia. Despite its clinical relevance, swallowing disorders in older adults are underestimated by primary care providers as well as by seniors themselves. This paper highlights the key elements of diagnosis and therapy of swallowing disorders in the elderly, which will gain importance in outpatient primary care and in the primary care of the aging population. Consistent and structured swallowing diagnostics and therapy are crucial to efficiently prevent aspiration pneumonia with significant health economic consequences, such as frequent rehospitalizations. In addition, intact swallowing is essential for efficient oral medication intake and their effectiveness, as medications that are not swallowed cannot exert their effects or their pharmacokinetics may be compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new psychotherapists' law in Germany requires that future studies in psychotherapy enable students to evaluate the evidence base of psychotherapeutic methods based on established criteria. This article summarizes and applies the most important national and international criteria for evaluating the evidence base of psychodynamic psychotherapy including the criteria detailed in the Methods Paper of the Scientific Advisory Board Psychotherapy in Germany, the internationally influential criteria by Chambless et al. (1998) as well as the most recent criteria by Tolin et al. (2015). Criticism of the criteria for evidence assessment (e.g., the disorder-specific approach), current controversies (e.g., concerning the evidence base of long-term psychodynamic therapy and analytic psychotherapy, integrative psychotherapy frameworks versus specific treatment approaches), and the relevance of the participation of practicing psychodynamic psychotherapists in research projects are addressed. For the adequate assessment of the efficacy/effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy, especially long-term psychodynamic therapy and analytic psychotherapy, it is necessary to include longer follow-up periods and also to assess changes in accordance with psychodynamic assumptions about therapeutic change processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents editions of two small fragments of Christian papyri from the collection of the Bodleian Library, Oxford: Bodl. MS. Gr. th. g. 5 (P) and Bodl. MS. Gr. th. f. 16 (P). The first fragment deals with the two gates of heaven, the second with the subject of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their inception, public libraries in the United States have been understood to be free for all to use. Yet throughout their history, socio-political currents and developments limited or barred access for certain segments of the population. The paper looks at the accessibility for women and Black Americans during the 1850–1950 period, taking into account the image of women in the Victorian and New South era, as well as the Jim-Crow segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay "A Gold Coin from Jastrzębniki, Kalisz District (PL). On Late Celtic Coinage in Central Europe" examines the continuation of gold coinage in Central Europe after the collapse of the Bohemian-Moravian oppida. The study focuses on three minting centers that imitated late Boii gold coins. These mints recycled popular shell staters with sun and moon motifs and also issued various small coins made of electrum alloys. The coins were circulated in the Oder and Vistula basins and likely had a regional prestige value. One reason for the disappearance of local coin traditions among the northern barbarian elites may have been the massive influx of Roman coins in the second century AD. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the results of a materials science analysis of artifacts from Grave 89 at the cemetery of Karzec in central Poland. The findings suggest a possible specialization in the metallurgical craft of the Lusatian culture during the Late Bronze Age. Reference is also made to similar burials in the Lusatian culture. The analysis of the casting molds shows different stages of production and indicates increased mobility of the craftsman. The results of the investigations are presented in the form of spectra and tables. It is recommended to conduct further research using modern analytical methods to verify these hypotheses. [Extracted from the article]

Gebrauchsspuruntersuchungen sind eines der wichtigsten Forschungsthemen in der archäologischen Keramikforschung. Von besonderem Interesse sind in Gräbern beigegebene Gefäße, die nicht zur Verbrennungsprozess gehören, da sie normalerweise keiner detaillierten Funktionsanalyse unterzogen wurden. Ihre Funktion wird meist anhand der Form und Oberflächenbehandlung bestimmt. Daher wird im hier benannten chronologischen Kontext allgemein davon ausgegangen, dass Grabkeramik speziell für Bestattungszwecke hergestellt und nicht für andere Zwecke verwendet wurde. Dies gilt insbesondere für andere Keramikgegenstände als Behälter, wie z. B. zoomorphe Gefäße, Figuren und Rasseln, die bei Bestattungszeremonien eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt haben müssen. Der Artikel präsentiert die Ergebnisse morphologischer, stilistischer und chromatographischer Analysen von Gefäßen, die in Lausitzer Gräberfeldern in den Bestattungen deponiert wurden, und hier solche, die auf der Fundstelle 2 in Czernikowice, pow. Legnica, Polen, gefunden wurden. Die Keramikgegenstände stammen aus gut untersuchten Grabkontexten der Montelius-Periode IV und V. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die meisten der analysierten Gefäße Kontakt mit Substanzen pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs hatten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Opening of graves and turtles. The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) from the cemetery of the Wielbark culture in Czarnówko and the question of posthumous interventions in the past" reports on the discovery of turtle remains in a grave of the Wielbark culture in Czarnówko. It investigates how this finding can be connected to the opening of graves and the presence of turtle remains. It is determined that about 90% of the graves in Czarnówko were manipulated after burial. Similar findings have also been made in other burial grounds in Central Europe. The presence of turtles in the graves is related to the phenomenon of grave opening, which has been observed in areas where body burial was practiced. [Extracted from the article]

The essay "Early agricultural settlement of the periphery of the loess uplands and its paleoecological context - a case study of the Iłża Piedmont (southern Poland)" examines the relationship between the settlement of prehistoric agricultural societies and the occurrence of local loess deposits in Central Europe. The results show that there was already a close connection between the settlement of these areas and the fertile soils, favorable geomorphological, and hydrological conditions in the early Neolithic period. The research findings indicate the flexibility and adaptability of early farmers, which allowed them to settle even less fertile areas outside the loess uplands. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the archaeological excavations in Brzoza, Poland, which took place from 2015 to 2018. During this time, 11,000 flint objects were discovered, which are attributed to the Late Paleolithic techno-complex with flint points. The excavations focused on exploring a dune barrier to find cultural objects in the primary deposition area. The findings show similarities with the Ahrensburg and Sviderian cultures, as well as the Bromme culture. The results of the investigations suggest that the findings date back to the Late Paleolithic period and are likely from the Younger Dryas period. The Brzoza complex plays an important role in the research of the Late Paleolithic in northern Poland. [Extracted from the article]

Vor mehr als sechzig Jahren veröffentlichte J. Kostrzewski einen Artikel Ze studiów nad wczesnym okresem żelaznym w Polsce (Studien über die ältere Eisenzeit in Polen). Es war das Ergebnis jahrelanger Recherchen, Lektüren und Rückfragen, die in einer Zeit turbulenten ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts durchgeführt wurden. Diese Arbeit ist nach wie vor eine der grundlegenden Studien zur Chronologie von Ha C und Ha D in Polen. Ein wichtiger Teil dieses Textes war die Analyse der „kuyavischen Bronzen", die in der Literatur auch als „Stanomin-Schmuckstücke" bezeichnet werden, benannt nach dem Hort von Stanomin. Neue Funde und die Ergebnisse von 14C- und dendrochronologischen Untersuchungen haben unser Bild von den kulturellen Prozessen im früheisenzeitlichen Polen erheblich verändert. Die Datierung der „kuyavischen Bronzen" und die Deutung der mit ihnen verbundenen Phänomene war bislang kein Gegenstand einer umfassenden Studie. Im vorliegenden Text konzentriert sich der Autor auf diese Fundgruppe, da er diese als eine der wichtigsten Kategorien von Metallartefakten für die Kenntnis der chronologischen Variabilität der frühen Eisenzeit in Polen betrachtet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Verifying the chronology of Ukrainian Neolithic" examines the chronology of the Ukrainian Neolithic. The authors present AMS data from four sites to verify the validity of the chronologies for the Neolithic in Ukraine. They also discuss the role of the Linear Pottery culture and the Azov-Dnieper culture in the spread of agriculture and animal husbandry in Ukraine. The study shows that there are conflicting chronological scales and proposes a comprehensive re-dating and validation. The results have implications for the regional chronology of the Neolithic and emphasize the importance of cross-border collaboration in dating findings. [Extracted from the article]

The Mycenaean personal name a-ḳị-a2-ro is now given as the new reading for a[-•]-a2-ro in the tablet from Pylos Jn 478.3. This paper proposes a rendering of the name as Ἀγχίαλος, which is well attested in Homeric epos, and it is interpreted as a nickname derived from the place-name of origin of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of an overview of articles in Info DaF in the 2010 s, this paper aims at tracing the development of research on the education and training of GFL teachers outside of Germany within this decade. It emphasizes the potential of international cooperation in facilitating progress in practice and research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first provides an overview of topics covered in Info DaF from the first decade of the twenty-first century that are considered to be of particular relevance and interest to practitioners and researchers in the field. Second, foreign language teacher education and its necessary reorganization in terms of content are focused on as important focal points in the contributions of Info DaF and in the professional discussions outside of Info DaF during this decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is argued that there is no meaningful concept of generation in media education and that it is not meaningful to define a concept of generation in media education. The thesis is examined with a receptive and a constructive method. Since the thesis could not be falsified, it was shown that the assumption that the generation concept is useless for media education can be maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the results of the intergenerational learning project DigiGen in which young people and older adults acquired knowledge about the functions and applications of artificial intelligence. The results indicate that the collaborative work resulted in a sense of partnership, but also in an experience of alterity. At the same time, a rapprochement of the age groups took place in the sense of a relationalization of their own concepts of age through experiences of difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing global population, climate change, greater competition for land and food between humans and animals, increased need for non-agricultural requirements and further unfavourable framework conditions strictly compete with food production from arable land. The significance of the bioeconomy for the production of food of animal origin is discussed in the introduction. Feedstuffs as the basis for animal nutrition and the assessment of the food competition between humans and animals (see hef-values) are the main focus of the paper. Protein yields of various ways of protein production with terrestrial animals as a function of animal performance level are compared and assessed. Land-, water- and carbon footprints of various protein sources and various animal yields are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Bonn has been a Learning City since 2020 and has committed itself to education for sustainable development through its application. This paper presents the first practical projects of the Bonn Learning City Network. In addition, initial approaches outline the transformative challenges that exist for educational institutions that intend to position themselves sustainably in terms of organization and content in the longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Four Coptic Letters from Thebes" publishes four Coptic letters from Thebes that were found on ostraka. The letters are kept in a warehouse called Abou El-Goud in Luxor. Although the exact origin of the letters is unknown, they were definitely written in the Theban area, particularly in a monastic environment. The letters address topics such as the shipment of wheat, the request for craftsmen, and the inquiry about a specific person named Samuel. The letters are written in Sahidic Coptic and likely date back to the 6th to 8th century. [Extracted from the article]

The study by Georgia Barker examines the representation of the tomb owner in wall paintings and burial models in ancient Egypt. In wall paintings, the tomb owner plays a dominant role, while in models, he rarely appears. The differences are attributed to technical characteristics and the location of the two media in the tomb. The representation of the tomb owner in the models is mainly limited to boats, accounts, and music. The study shows that the representation of the tomb owner depends on cultural and technical factors. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes hieratic ostraca from Gurna, which are kept in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo. These ostraca probably date back to the 18th Dynasty and the Ramesside period and deal with various administrative topics. The article also provides information about the temple of Thutmose IV in Gurna and the archaeological mission of Edda Bresciani. Various titles and terms related to gemstone manufacturers and chariot builders are discussed. Additionally, ostraca are described that contain lists of goods and employee markings. The list also includes a variety of sources and publications on various aspects of ancient Egypt. [Extracted from the article]

This paper traces the enjambment techniques employed by Hellenistic and Latin authors at the end of the elegiac couplet. While the Alexandrians make deliberate use of enjambment at the end of the pentameter, in later Hellenistic and in Latin epigram there is a discernible movement toward a unity of syntax and metre, as testified by the poets' tendency to avoid enjambment between distichs. The earliest Latin epigrammatists loyally render their Greek contemporaries' aesthetics. Catullus, in his turn to Callimachean poetics, at times employs enjambment in this position, especially in elegy (as opposed to epigram). These techniques are largely abandoned by the Augustan poets, who rigidly introduce epigrammatic avoidance of enjambment into longer elegiac poems; among them, only Propertius in his fourth book rarely uses it as a stylistic means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]