13 results
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2. Künstliche Intelligenz und GMP-Validierung.
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MANUFACTURING processes ,PATIENT safety ,PRODUCT quality ,MEDICAL equipment ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Copyright of Pharma + Food is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. Modeliing γ-H2AX foci induction to mimic limitations in the scoring technique
- Author
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Giorgio Baiocco, Veljko Grilj, David J. Brenner, Werner Friedland, Andrea Ottolenghi, Gabriele Babini, Sofia Barbieri, Jacopo Morini, and Manuela Buonanno
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Paper ,Microscope ,Monte Carlo method ,Linear energy transfer ,Radiation ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,Histones ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Relative biological effectiveness ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ,Linear Energy Transfer ,Depth of field ,Cluster analysis ,Physics ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,X-Rays ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ,General Medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Saturation (chemistry) ,Biological system ,Monte Carlo Method ,Algorithms ,Relative Biological Effectiveness ,Software - Abstract
An approach based on track-structure calculations has been developed to take account of artefacts occurring during γ-H2AX foci detection in 2D images of samples analyzed through immunocytochemistry. The need of this works stems from the observed saturation in foci yields measured after X-ray doses higher than few grays, hindering an unambiguous quantification of DNA damage and of radiation effectiveness. The proposed modelling approach allows to simulate the observer's point of view for foci scoring, mimicking the selection of a slice Δz of the cell nucleus due to the microscope depth of field, and applying a clustering algorithm to group together damages within a resolution parameter r. Calculation results were benchmarked with experimental measurements at an early time-point for mouse breast cancer cells, irradiated with X-ray doses in the range 0-5 Gy. The model is able to reproduce the saturation in experimental data.
- Published
- 2019
4. METHODS AND ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE THE VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM WITH TIME WINDOWS AND FURTHER CONDITIONS.
- Author
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KOVÁCS, George, YUSUPOVA, Nafissa, SMETANINA, Olga, and RASSADNIKOVA, Ekaterina
- Subjects
VEHICLE routing problem ,TRANSPORTATION management ,COMBINATORIAL optimization ,ALGORITHMS ,TOLL roads ,TRANSPORTATION costs - Abstract
In this paper methods and algorithms are examined for solving one important problem of transport logistics, namely formation of roadmap. The proposed mathematical model is based on the well-known multi-depot heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with time windows algorithm. Modifications of the model provide additional conditions and restrictions. Algorithmic support of information transport system in an enterprise is connected with features of the vehicle routing problem. The suggested solution is based on modified Clarke and Wright Algorithm and Variable Neighborhood Search. The risk on the roads and the cost of toll roads are calculated, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Algorithmische Entscheidungsfindung aus der Gleichstellungsperspektive – ein Balanceakt zwischen Gender Data Gap, Gender Bias, Machine Bias und Regulierung.
- Author
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Lütz, Fabian
- Subjects
SEX discrimination ,GENDER inequality ,ALGORITHMS ,ACHIEVEMENT ,MACHINERY - Abstract
Copyright of GENDER: Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The relevance internet users assign to algorithmic-selection applications in everyday life
- Author
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Michael V. Reiss, Noemi Festic, Michael Latzer, and Tanja Rüedy
- Subjects
algorithmic governance ,algorithmic selection ,algorithms ,subjective relevance ,everyday life ,survey data ,social media ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The rapidly growing academic and public attention to algorithmic-selection applications such as search engines and social media is indicative of their alleged great social relevance and impact on daily life in digital societies. To substantiate these claims, this paper investigates the hitherto little explored subjective relevance that Internet users assign to algorithmic-selection applications in everyday life. A representative online survey of Internet users comparatively reveals the relevance that users ascribe to algorithmic-selection applications and to their online and offline alternatives in five selected life domains: political and social orientation, entertainment, commercial transactions, socializing and health. The results show that people assign a relatively low relevance to algorithmic-selection applications compared to offline alternatives across the five life domains. The findings vary greatly by age and education. Altogether, such outcomes complement and qualify assessments of the social impact of algorithms that are primarily and often solely based on usage data and theoretical considerations.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Gesamtheft 29(2).
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MATHEMATICS ,ALGORITHMS ,ALGORITHMIC randomness ,MATHEMATICAL models ,MATHEMATICAL analysis - Abstract
The article presents information related to the periodical that focuses on mathematics. Topics discussed include declaration on equal opportunities, diversity and scientific collaboration; new trends in algorithmic randomness and computable analysis; nonlocal conservation laws; mathematical models; and mathematical analysis and quantum systems.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Challenges of a Digital Single Market from an Austrian perspective towards Smart Regulations
- Author
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Peter Egger, Dominik Geringer, Gerwald Gindra-Vady, Christina Gruber, Elisabeth Paar, Lukas Reiter, Karl Stöger, and Stefan Thalmann
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algorithms ,algorithm awareness project ,article 22 gdpr ,article 101 tfeu ,artificial intelligence ,automated decision-making ,cartels ,competition law ,digital single gateway ,digital single market ,digital society ,e-government ,european commission ,highlevel expert group on artificial intelligence ,machine learning ,postal services ,product liability ,smart regulation ,software ,Law ,Law of Europe ,KJ-KKZ - Abstract
This paper discusses various legal challenges of the “digitisation of the single market”. The question arises to which extent the current regulatory framework appears suitable to deal with the presented challenges of digitisation and where additional regulation is required. In the field of autonomous decision-making by AI, we identified the most pressing need for new regulation. While the EU (and increasingly Austria, as well) is aware of this need, regulation to date remains scarce. Though the EU legislator has already taken specific precautions for the use of algorithms in the GDPR, such regulatory approaches are missing in most other fields of law. In contrast to this, antitrust law and product liability law already appear to be well suited to meet the challenges posed by digitisation. This is especially true for product liability law, which is in principle apt to cover the specific challenges of the convergence of software and hardware in smart products. However, uncertainty about its applicability to incorporeal goods would make clarification of current product liability legislation advisable – a view shared by the European Commission. Two more fields very recently received some legislative attention due to the changing needs of a digital society: the postal sector on the one hand, and e-government on the other hand. In both fields, new legislation – tellingly in the form of (partially) directly applicable regulations – has recently been passed by the EU – a sharp contrast to the case of self-learning AI. However, while the integration of the new regulation on cross-border parcel delivery will probably not pose major challenges for domestic markets, the implementation of the Single Digital Gateway will raise serious organisational and legal challenges for national administrations (especially when taking into account the limited success of the previous related initiative on the points of single contact under the Services Directive).
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Künstliche Intelligenz und maschinelles Lernen in der intensivmedizinischen Forschung und klinischen Anwendung.
- Author
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Peine, A., Lütge, C., Poszler, F., Celi, L., Schöffski, O., Marx, G., and Martin, L.
- Abstract
Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Bildung 4.0? Kritische Überlegungen zur Digitalisierung von Bildung als erziehungswissenschaftliches Forschungsfeld.
- Author
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Hartong, Sigrid
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Algorithmic discrimination in the Austrian labour market
- Author
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Stuefer, Matthias
- Subjects
Digitalisierung ,Mediatisierung ,Big Data ,Arbeitsmarkt ,algorithms ,artificial intelligence ,Diskriminierung ,digitalization ,labour market ,machine learning ,Bias ,ADM systems ,ADM-Systeme ,Künstliche Intelligenz ,AMAS ,AMS ,Algorithmen ,Maschinelles Lernen ,discrimination - Abstract
Die voranschreitende Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, auch die Soziale Arbeit ist davon betroffen. Wichtige Grundlage für alle Bereiche der Digitalisierung stellen Algorithmen dar. Lernende Algorithmen können in großen Datenmengen Muster erkennen und auf deren Grundlage Entscheidungsregeln definieren. Dies möchte sich auch das Arbeitsmarktservice Österreich zu Nutze machen, um die Chancen zur Arbeitsaufnahme von Arbeitsuchenden durch ein algorithmisches System prognostizieren zu lassen und auf dessen Basis deren Zugang zu Ressourcen zu bestimmen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu untersuchen welche Diskriminierungen in diesem System eingebettet sind oder dadurch verursacht werden. Es zeigt sich, dass in der aktuellen Umsetzung bereits marginalisierte Personen Gefahr laufen weitere Benachteiligung zu erfahren und bestehende strukturelle Ungleichheiten verstärkt werden. The increasing digitalization of all areas of life is steadily gaining more significance, which also affects the profession of social work. An important basis for all areas of digitalization are algorithms. Learning algorithms can identify patterns in big amounts of data and derive decision making rules from them. The Austrian employment market service intends to make use of these capabilities to predict chances of job seekers for finding employment and subsequently allocate access to resources based on those predictions. This paper’s aim is to identify discriminatory aspects of this approach. Results show that in its current implementation already marginalized people are at risk of further discrimination while existing structural inequalities get reinforced.
- Published
- 2022
12. An extension of holonomic sequences : C²-finite sequences
- Author
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Jiménez-Pastor, Antonio, Nuspl, Philipp, and Pillwein, Veronika
- Subjects
Difference equations ,holonomic sequences ,algorithms ,closure properties - Abstract
Holonomic sequences are widely studied as many objects interesting to mathematicians and computer scientists are in this class. In the univariate case, these are the sequences satisfying linear recurrences with polynomial coefficients and also referred to as $D$-finite sequences. A subclass are $C$-finite sequences satisfying a linear recurrence with constant coefficients. We investigate the set of sequences which satisfy linear recurrence equations with coefficients that are $C$-finite sequences. These sequences are a natural generalization of holonomic sequences. In this paper, we show that $C^2$-finite sequences form a difference ring and provide methods to compute in this ring. Furthermore, we provide an analogous construction for $D^2$-finite sequences, i.e., sequences satisfying a linear recurrence with holonomic coefficients. We show that these constructions can be iterated and obtain an increasing chain of difference rings.
- Published
- 2021
13. A bayesian approach to eigenspectra optoacoustic tomography
- Author
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Ivan Olefir, Hong Yang, Stratis Tzoumas, and Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Bayesian probability ,Multispectral image ,Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine ,Iterative reconstruction ,Fluence ,Models, Biological ,Spectral line ,Light scattering ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Photoacoustic Techniques ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hemoglobins ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optical imaging ,Optoacoustic/photoacoustic Imaging ,Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography ,Photoacoustic Tomography ,Bayesian Methods ,Oxygen Saturation ,Spectral Unmixing ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Tomography, Optical ,Computer Simulation ,Graphical model ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Pattern recognition ,Bayes Theorem ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Inverse problem ,Computer Science Applications ,Wavelength ,030104 developmental biology ,Oxyhemoglobins ,Tomography ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software ,Algorithms - Abstract
The quantification of hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO(2)) with multispectral optoacoustic (OA) (photoacoustic) tomography (MSOT) is a complex spectral unmixing problem, since the OA spectra of hemoglobin are modified with tissue depth due to depth (location) and wavelength dependencies of optical fluence in tissue. In a recent work, a method termed eigenspectra MSOT (eMSOT) was proposed for addressing the dependence of spectra on fluence and quantifying blood sO(2) in deep tissue. While eMSOT offers enhanced sO(2) quantification accuracy over conventional unmixing methods, its performance may be compromised by noise and image reconstruction artifacts. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian method to improve eMSOT performance in noisy environments. We introduce a spectral reliability map, i.e., a method that can estimate the level of noise superimposed onto the recorded OA spectra. Using this noise estimate, we formulate eMSOT as a Bayesian inverse problem where the inversion constraints are based on probabilistic graphical models. Results based on numerical simulations indicate that the proposed method offers improved accuracy and robustness under high noise levels due the adaptive nature of the Bayesian method.
- Published
- 2018
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