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This article examines blue paper as an ecological solution in drawing practice by investigating the questions of when and under which circumstances German artists in the early sixteenth century decided to use blue paper. Blue paper had several aesthetic, symbolic, and economic functions, often both referencing a geographic relationship to Italy and its tradition of drawing on blue paper, and also engaging in a world of play and imitation in workshop practices. For a better understanding of the early modern paper ecologies within which artists worked, it is necessary to regard paper production within a broader socio-cultural range, thus not only as an exchange between paper makers but also with consideration of other crafts as well as the impact of new technologies. From there we can reconsider our relationship to nature.

La professionalització dels intèrprets en l’àmbit jurídic està guanyant importància a Espanya a causa de les directives de la Unió Europea sobre els drets processals de persones sospitoses o acusades d’algun delicte. A això s’hi ha d’afegir la prolongada crisi humanitària, que ha sensibilitzat l’opinió pública sobre la qualitat de la interpretació proporcionada per diverses ONG i altres organismes que s’ocupen dels sol·licitants d’asil. Actualment, els proveïdors de serveis privats contracten els intèrprets en funció de les llengües que necessitin o que estiguin disponibles, sense exigir-los una formació específica. En aquest article, analitzem la qualitat percebuda dels serveis d’interpretació i el paper de l’intèrpret des de diverses perspectives, incloses les dels agents de les ONG (assessors jurídics, treballadors socials i psicòlegs) i els advocats que participen en aquesta mena de processos, seguint mètodes d’investigació descriptiva. A continuació, tractarem les diferents percepcions sobre la figura de l’intèrpret que tenen els diferents professionals que intervenen en el procediment de sol·licitud d’asil, amb l’objectiu d’obtenir una imatge vàlida, basada en dades, de la interpretació en el context de la sol·licitud d’asil a Espanya. S’espera que aquesta informació serveixi per omplir el buit que existeix en el desenvolupament professional dels intèrprets com a part essencial dels processos d’asil i, el que és més important, com a garantia dels drets humans. També contribuirà a sensibilitzar els professionals que desenvolupen la seva feina amb l’ajuda d’intèrprets.

Abstract: In this article, we will attempt a broad exploration of new literary forms in order to gain an overview of how literary work has taken hold of new digital technologies. We will then attempt to identify the problematic relationship between electronic and digital literature and examine the definitional issues that arise. Finally, we present an overview of the different types of digital poetry, highlighting the relationship of continuity or rupture between traditional and digital literary forms. Keywords: Literature, Digital, Electronics, Hypertextuality, Interactivity

After 9/11, the academic study of terrorism flourished as more government resources were focused on counterterrorism efforts. As the focus slowly shifted towards P/CVE or Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, more and more articles lauded the potential benefits of including Formers. The idea behind that was that experience equals expertise. Formers have been valuable data sources as research participants. However, the current trend has seen Formers leave that role and take on far more complicated and sophisticated roles, such as deradicalization experts, claiming to help people leave extremism. This policy paper focuses on the evidence, specifically the lack of evidence, to support the prevailing assumptions regarding the effectiveness of Formers and dissects the ethical issues arising from their involvement in P/CVE. The paper ends with policy recommendations to shift P/CVE activities and research toward a more empirically-grounded model. Since P/CVE initiatives involve a variety of actors, from academic researchers to the media to practitioners, this paper is not aimed at one field or profession. Rather, it is intended for everyone involved in P/CVE-related activities, including research.

Aquest article destaca el paper dels serveis socials locals en l’aplicació de les polítiques d’habitatge, concretament a Catalunya. És per això, que es presenta una revisió de tres instruments normatius: La Llei 18/2007, del dret a l’habitatge, la Llei 24/2015, de mesures urgents per a afrontar l’emergència en l’àmbit de l’habitatge i la pobresa energètica i la Llei 4/2016, de mesures de protecció del dret a l’habitatge de les persones en risc d’exclusió residencial. S’identifiquen els processos o polítiques públiques que ―per a la seva concreció― requereixen de la participació de les professionals dels serveis socials, destacant els reptes que es presenten i la necessària articulació entre les diferents administracions públiques per a garantir l’exercici efectiu del dret a l’habitatge de les persones que resideixen a Catalunya.

Published in 2021 by Presa Universitară Clujeană, ”A Lifetime Dedicated to Norwegian Language and Literature” is a celebratory scholarly work compiled and edited by the members of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in honour of Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu, founder of The Norwegian Language and Literature BA program (1991), of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature (2001) and disseminator of Norwegian culture, language and li-terature for over thirty years. Throughout her entire career, Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu has never ceased to raise interest in Norwegian studies, and strive to offer her students the best academic resources, a warm and welcoming learning environment and also countless scholarship opportunities. Her contribution to the popularization and the increasing fascination with the North is immeasurably valuable to the academic community, not only in Romania, but also internationally. Her colleagues and editors of this volume have carefully selected and arranged a collection of congratulatory messages and academic essays from various fields encompassed in the Scandinavian studies.

Our multidisciplinary review paper aims to explore the research paradigms of unethical behavior from different academic perspectives. By doing this, our paper contributes to a better understanding of unethical behavior by drawing knowledge from alternative understandings of such behavior. More specifically, our multidisciplinary inquiry aims to summarize the main findings documented by scholars from different disciplines that conducted independent research on the topic using unique perspectives and ideas associated with the field. As such, in order to gain a better understanding of how unethical behavior is examined through a range of different disciplines and areas of research we assessed the highly cited papers found at the intersection of various categories and research areas such as management, business economics, and psychology, ethics, engineering, and environmental sciences and ecology, public environmental occupational health. Having the goal to offer the most representative research on the topic, we based our review on the highly cited papers examining unethical behavior from the Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (WoS), the world`s leading scientific citation search and analytical information platform. The results show that the highly cited papers analyzed cluster around two major research themes as antecedents and factors increasing/enabling unethical behavior (e.g. propensity of moral disengagement, psychological entitlement, self-serving justifications, job insecurity, air pollution, polluted social contexts, creativity, favorable attitudes of upper-class toward greed, etc.) and factors deterring or limiting it (e.g. religion, ethical leadership). Given our multidisciplinary review, our study helps provide alternative understandings and important insights on the research of unethical behavior to serve for novel investigations in both practice and theory.

Prenent en consideració el paper actual i futur de la intel·ligència artificial en la licitació pública, el present article es centra, des de l’òptica de les directrius de la Llei 15/2022, integral per a la igualtat de tracte i la no-discriminació, en la potencialitat que pot correspondre a la intel·ligència artificial davant la detecció i l’actuació contra les col·lusions en la contractació pública. Dins d’aquest nou dret computacional de la competència o “antitrust 3.0” es detallarà el paper capdavanter que ha assumit l’Autoritat Catalana de la Competència (ACCO) pel que fa a la posada en marxa, en fase experimental, de l’eina informàtica ERICCA, i, en paral·lel, la seva participació activa dins del projecte Computational Antitrust del Stanford Center for Legal Informatics (CodeX).

Published in 2021 by Presa Universitară Clujeană, ”A Lifetime Dedicated to Norwegian Language and Literature” is a celebratory scholarly work compiled and edited by the members of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in honour of Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu, founder of The Norwegian Language and Literature BA program (1991), of the Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature (2001) and disseminator of Norwegian culture, language and li-terature for over thirty years. Throughout her entire career, Professor Sanda Tomescu Baciu has never ceased to raise interest in Norwegian studies, and strive to offer her students the best academic resources, a warm and welcoming learning environment and also countless scholarship opportunities. Her contribution to the popularization and the increasing fascination with the North is immeasurably valuable to the academic community, not only in Romania, but also internationally. Her colleagues and editors of this volume have carefully selected and arranged a collection of congratulatory messages and academic essays from various fields encompassed in the Scandinavian studies.

The integration of literature in English Language Teaching (ELT) has been a contentious issue although it is commonly accepted that literature caters to a whole bunch of opportunities for foreign language teaching. The aim of this study is to point to the idea that incorporating literature into ELT classes can direct foreign language classes into more innovative path as it fosters language development with both traditional and digitally-supported communicative activities designed to develop critical thinking abilities, creativity and learner autonomy. In this regard short stories, with their privileges due to their reader-friendly length, creativity in language use encompassing refined literary elements, and the wide range of subjects they deal with offer many opportunities. In this study to link the theory with real life experiences step by step, following the critical considerations about literature, language and meaning construction, text-selection and the methodology, possible applications based on the short story called The Paper Menagerie by Ken Liu are suggested. Activities encompassing all the phases of reading process are developed to help teachers to overcome potential difficulties in collaboration with their students while creating a classroom atmosphere based on negotiation. The article concludes that reflective teachers, starting to develop their own understanding of literature, language, meaning construction and reading, enable their learners to experience the authenticity and creativity of this valuable source when forming an identity as an independent reader of literature in the second language. Literature holds many opportunities to renovate language classrooms to keep up with the 21st century improvements.

The specific traits of the methodology of theology as well as the peculiarities of its scientific knowledge inevitably influence the extralinguistic and intralinguistic features of theological scientific works, which is especially reflected in the lexical layer. Tis paper deals with the analysis of the vocabulary of popular scientific theological works of eminent authors in the Serbian language in relation to academic papers as basic representatives of the scientific style of theology. The results obtained by statistical analysis of the vocabulary of the works of the two mentioned substyles enabled their contrastive analysis. In addition, atypical elements were pointed out – the expressive and emotional markers and stylistic figures of popular science theological works.

SYSTEMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PAPERS ON PUBLISHED DIALECT MATERIAL

The specific traits of the methodology of theology as well as the peculiarities of its scientific knowledge inevitably influence the extralinguistic and intralinguistic features of theological scientific works, which is especially reflected in the lexical layer. Tis paper deals with the analysis of the vocabulary of popular scientific theological works of eminent authors in the Serbian language in relation to academic papers as basic representatives of the scientific style of theology. The results obtained by statistical analysis of the vocabulary of the works of the two mentioned substyles enabled their contrastive analysis. In addition, atypical elements were pointed out – the expressive and emotional markers and stylistic figures of popular science theological works.

This data paper presents the creation of a database bringing together all the French municipalities while giving a specific place to those which have undergone a merger process between 2012 et 2022: "the new municipalities" (communes nouvelles). Potential data gap and consistency issues arise with the creation of these new territorial entities aggregating municipal mergers. Using data from official statistics (INSEE - National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies - and IGN - National Geographic Institute), this paper describes a process of compilation and aggregation of data. The method is detailed here, to allow its reproducibility.

Negation in Sepedi is a complex matter — a variety of negative morphemes are used across complicated verbal and copulative structures and these morphemes are not interchangeable. Dictionary users in a text production situation need to be guided to the correct compilation of negative constructions. In most cases negative morphemes are not lemmatised in Sepedi paper dictionaries or if they are, the lexicographic treatment is inadequate. This paper provides an inventory of negation from which an abstraction of the negative morphemes is given. This is followed by a critical evaluation of Sepedi dictionaries and suggested model entries for lexicographic treatment of negative morphemes.

Inspired by methods used in risk assessment, this paper suggests a structured professional judgment approach (SPJ) to facilitate the decision-making process in expert group settings tasked with the development of narrative-based countering violent extremism (CVE) products. The added value of this concept is to systematically apply the relevant knowledge distributed among the literature and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the narrative-based CVE product in early stages like the baseline assessment. This may enable campaigners to avoid expensive mistakes and accelerate the development of products. A tentative checklist is provided. Furthermore, indicators for monitoring and evaluation are suggested.

The collaborative volume The Science of Linguistics brings together a number of contributions on topics related to linguistic typology, sociolinguistics, onomastics, discourse analysis, multilingualism, language acquisition, and more. As such, the editors do justice to the title they have chosen, featuring authors and papers on subjects covering the wide spectrum of linguistic endeavours, that all have one thing in common: the rigorous analysis of language. This volume is dedicated to professor Ștefan Oltean, mentor, advisor, friend, or colleague of many of the contributors to this volume.

Research papers, an essential vehicle for disseminating new knowledge and findings, have long been valued for their linguistic objectivity and impersonality. However, more recent approaches to research paper writing suggest that authors should also take an “argumentative position” (White, 2003) by projecting their stance and encouraging the readers to actively engage in the process of reading and evaluating the text (Hyland, 2005; Scollon, 1994). An important linguistic feature, frequently employed for both objective and subjective presentation of claims, is modality and within it modal verbs, which through their modal meanings express different communicative functions. In recognition of genre- and discipline-specific norms, the present paper will focus on quantitative and qualitative analysis of modal verbs and their meanings and functions in logistics research papers, whereby the ultimate goal is to show what practical implications the study’s results may have for the teaching of English to students of logistics.

L’any 2019 es va celebrar el 10è aniversari de la posada en funcionament de l’Oficina Antifrau de Catalunya (OAC). En el treball s’analitza, en vista d’aquests deu anys d’experiència, quin ha estat el funcionament de l’OAC en les seves funcions investigadora i preventiva, amb especial atenció a aquells àmbits de major rellevància, com ara les denúncies anònimes i la protecció de les persones denunciants. En el segon bloc del treball, sobre la base de l’anàlisi prèvia, es plantegen línies de reforma en el marc regulador i en el funcionament de l’OAC, amb l’objectiu d’atribuir a l’OAC un paper central en un sistema d’integritat i anticorrupció català efectiu encara en construcció. Les principals propostes són reforçar la protecció de les persones denunciants i clarificar el sistema de denúncies davant l’OAC, reconèixer la potestat sancionadora de l’OAC associada a infraccions de nova creació lligades a les activitats investigadores i preventives de l’OAC, facilitar la formulació de consultes no vinculants i promoure la modernització tecnològica de la lluita contra la corrupció a Catalunya.

Reseña

Els escàndols de corrupció a l’Estat espanyol han comportat una crisi de credibilitat del sector públic i dels seus mecanismes de control. Els organismes i les institucions internacionals aposten per noves formes de governança i d’integritat institucional que requereixen un canvi profund de cultura organitzativa. Aquest canvi ha de permetre implantar un “marc integral de control intern” inspirat en la metodologia COSO III, que ha de ser implementat i mantingut pels responsables del govern de l’entitat i ha de conviure amb el control intern que és responsabilitat dels interventors del sector públic. En aquest treball s’analitza la configuració actual del control intern en les administracions públiques, les seves debilitats i fortaleses. També es fan propostes de millora per configurar un marc integral de control intern que proporcioni una seguretat raonable sobre la consecució dels objectius de l’entitat, la fiabilitat de la informació financera, l’eficàcia, l’eficiència de les operacions i el compliment de les disposicions legals aplicables que permeti una prevenció efectiva del frau i la corrupció.

Aquesta recerca examina el paper actual del Tribunal de Justícia de la Unió Europea en la governança de la Unió a la llum de la seva jurisprudència recent enunciant primerament resolucions jurisdiccionals emblemàtiques de l’última dècada (2010-2019) i fent una anàlisi particular de la Sentència Bauer i Broßonn, de 2018, per la seva especial transcendència respecte a l’efecte directe horitzontal dels drets reconeguts per la Carta de Drets Fonamentals de la Unió Europea i, indirectament, la invocabilitat en un litigi entre particulars de preceptes d’una directiva que concreta aquells drets. A continuació s’analitza la posició privilegiada del Tribunal de Justícia en l’organigrama institucional de la Unió després del Tractat de Lisboa, de 13 de desembre de 2007, per comprendre millor per què aquesta institució ha pogut contribuir tan decisivament a la preservació i la consolidació de la integració europea. L’estudi conclou amb l’examen de si existeix un govern de jutges en la Unió Europea.

This policy recommendation proposes the implementation of the Terrorism, Radicalisation and Extremism Disclosure Scheme (TREDS) as an additional measure to Prevent and counter violent extremism and terrorism in the United Kingdom. TREDS represents a viable mechanism for a responsible adult (‘the applicant’) to make a disclosure request to joint local authority and Police Prevent teams where they feel an individual (‘the subject’) may pose a risk to a young or vulnerable person (‘the person at-risk’) in relation to terrorism, radicalisation or extremism. A successful disclosure is intended to empower the ‘applicant’ to take proactive steps to safeguard the ‘person at risk’ from the risk of harm posed by the ‘subject’, and would include, where reasonable, proportionate, and necessary, information about a ‘subject’s terrorism related criminal offending history, including any Police intelligence held relating to terrorist group affiliations, associations or activities. TREDS takes inspiration from disclosure schemes already employed to safeguard and protect children and vulnerable people from other crime types such as The Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (DVDS), also known as Clare’s Law; and the Child Sexual Offender Disclosure Scheme (CSODS), known as Sarah’s Law. The Terrorism, Radicalisation and Extremism Disclosure Scheme (TREDS) was designed by the author of this policy recommendation between June 2018 and February 2019 in response to the decline in public or community reporting of concerns related to terrorism, radicalisation and extremism. This decline is evidenced by Home Office statistics, which identify that of the 7,318 total referrals made in 2017/18, just 292 (4%) came from communities (Home Office, 2018). TREDS represents a distinct departure from existing reporting processes, and is underpinned by the principle of two-way information sharing between the public and authorities. This signifies a seismic shift toward a more inclusive and reciprocal relationship, and one which is likely to better empower individuals and communities to report concerns as and when they arise.

Particleboard and MDF are the most usable materials for furniture production, where emission of formaldehyde should be as low as possible. In order to improve aesthetic properties of particleboard and MDF they are covered with appropriate surfacing material. In most cases, melamine impregnated paper is used for face layers. But covering faces should be accompanied with covered edges, as due to low density of core layer formaldehyde much more easily emits from edges than from faces. The presented research shows differences in formaldehyde emission rate at unsurfaced and surfaced MDF and particleboard. For face layer, melamine impregnated papers with grammages of 130 g/m2 and 200 g/m2 were used, while for covering edges, melamine edge-banding tape was applied. In the research it was determined that higher barrier effect was achieved when impregnated paper with a grammage of 200 g/m2 was used. When surface was completely covered with impregnated paper and melamine edge-band tape, formaldehyde emission was lowered by between 83 % and 94 %.

This article reports the findings of a diachronic study of acknowledgement practices in 300 randomly collected research papers published during three different periods (1998, 2004 and 2012) in the most prestigious American and European astrophysics journals written in English. In order to investigate the influence of these practices on authorship patterns, we analyzed the distribution over time of a series of quantitative variables (number, length and types of acknowledgements, mean number of words/number of acknowledgements per research paper and mean number of acknowledgements/number of authors per research paper, number of named and unnamed acknowledgees, number of identified and anonymous referees, and number of emotionally charged-words). Comparisons between periods were carried out and Student’s t-tests were applied to the quantitative results. Our main findings show that acknowledgements are very common in astrophysics since they are present in 96% of the whole corpus. Financial, mainly public, and instrumental supports are the most frequently acknowledged categories. The number and length of acknowledgements and the mean number of words/number of acknowledgements per research paper grow over time. Financial, instrumental and conceptual assistance, unnamed individuals and anonymous referees increase over time, whereas moral, editorial and unclassified supports, named individuals and identified referees, and emotionally-charged words decline. If we focus on each journal publication context, we can observe that the research papers published in the American journals include more and longer acknowledgements, with a higher mean number of acknowledgements per author, more financial and instrumental supports, and a lower percentage of emotionally-charged words, whereas the European journals contain more conceptual and editorial supports. All these data can be understood in the frame of growing scientific professionalism, while a detailed cross-journal analysis may occasionally suggest honorary/guest/gift authorship.

Aquest article analitza l’activitat del Parlament relacionada amb el futur polític de Catalunya. L’anàlisi parteix de la resolució parlamentària de 2013 que declarava la sobirania i el dret a decidir del poble de Catalunya i arriba fins a les darreres resolucions sobre el procés d’independència adoptades durant la legislatura actual per la majoria parlamentària sortida de les eleccions del dia 27 de setembre de 2015. Totes aquestes decisions parlamentàries han obert un important debat jurídic sobre principis constitucionals bàsics, en particular el de democràcia i el de legalitat, debat que gira al voltant dels punts següents: com defensar i promoure un projecte polític que no s’ajusta a l’ordre constitucional establert? Pot el Tribunal Constitucional fiscalitzar actes no normatius de naturalesa estrictament parlamentària? Quins són els efectes de desobeir el deure de complir les resolucions del Tribunal Constitucional? L’article estudia totes aquestes qüestions des de la perspectiva jurídica, sense ometre, però, consideracions d’índole sociopolítica indispensables per contextualitzar-les adequadament.

Though books are often considered “old media” in the digital age, their production in this period in fact has been continually reimagined and redefined through new technologies of printing, especially paper and ink manufacturing. This paper explores how three specific recent printed books demonstrate this point in both form and content: David Brower’s Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run (1995), William McDonough and Michael Braungart’s Cradle to Cradle (2002), and the 2008 Harper-Collins Green Bible. Brower’s book was printed on paper made from kenaf, a sustainable alternative to wood-based paper. Cradle to Cradle was printed on a synthetic polymer that could be endlessly remade into other products. The Green Bible was printed on recycled paper and used soy-based ink, and all verses with environmental content were printed in green. In each case, in form these printed books were meant to model innovative industrial information production while also through their content to motivate enhanced environmental consciousness.

Call for Papers: Special Issue on Research Methods on Virtual Exchange: Frameworks and Challenges

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a través del uso de herramientas informáticas (Provalis Research), también conocidas como CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), para el análisis de los escritos de Peirce, las bases estadísticas de una cronología para su último periodo intelectual y la justificación de una posible periodización del Pragmaticismo, además de la descripción de ciertos descubrimientos realizados en nuestro trabajo de archivo sobre los documentos y manuscritos originales de Peirce. Este trabajo es una parte de nuestra investigación en la Universidad de Quebec en Montreal (UQAM) y la Biblioteca Houghton de la Universidad de Harvard.

With all the literary and political differences between father and son, what is striking about their literary careers is the way they parallel each other: Kingsley was thirty-one when his first novel, Lucky Jim, was published (1953); Martin was twenty – four when he published The Rachel Papers (1973). Lucky Jim was a runaway best seller and a book that defined a generation. That was not quite true of Martin’s early books, but he had enough precocious reward. No other father-son tandem has produced a corpus as sizable and significant as that of Sir Kingsley Amis and his son. They have maintained not only a quality of writing, but also duration of productivity that other literary families have simply not matched.

El present estudi analitza les tècniques jurídiques de potenciació de la bona administració en relació amb el dret a l´habitatge i té en compte la modificació de la Llei 18/2007, operada per la Llei 9/2011, així com les polítiques públiques en el nou context de crisi econòmica. Així, s’analitzen les noves mesures adoptades per protegir els deutors hipotecaris incapaços de satisfer el pagament de les seves obligacions i s’estudia fins a quin punt seria constitucionalment acceptable l´establiment futur de la dació en pagament si s’aplica a contractes de préstec o crèdit encara vigents, així com la imposició a propietaris de lloguers forçosos per evitar la pèrdua de l’allotjament per part dels deutors. Finalment, partint de la constatació que la mera protecció amb el dret privat del dret a l’habitatge de qui ja té allotjament és clarament insuficient, analitza l’imprescindible concurs del dret públic per promoure un habitatge assequible, mitjançant el paper rellevant del dret urbanístic i de la col·laboració publicoprivada, i fa una sèrie de propostes concretes en la part final.The present study analyses the legal techniques for the enhancement of good administration in relation with the right to housing and takes into account the amendments made to la Ley 18/2007 operada por la Ley 9/2011 [Act 18/2007 implemented by Act 9/2011], as well as public policies in the new context of economic crisis. Thus, the study analyses the new measures adopted to protect mortgage borrowers unable to meet their obligations and considers to what extent the future establishment of assignment of payment would be constitutionally acceptable if applied to loan or credit contracts still in force, as well as the imposition on owners of forced rentals to avoid the loss of accommodation on the part of debtors. Finally, based on the assumption that the mere protection through private law of the right to housing of those who already have accommodation is clearly insufficient, the study analyses the essential need for public law to promote affordable housing through planning law and public-private collaboration, and makes a number of specific proposals in the final part.El presente estudio analiza las técnicas jurídicas de potenciación de la buena administración en relación con el derecho a la vivienda y tiene en cuenta la modificación de la Ley 18/2007 operada por la Ley 9/2011, así como las políticas públicas en el nuevo contexto de crisis económica. Así, se analizan las nuevas medidas adoptadas para proteger a los deudores hipotecarios incapaces de hacer frente al pago de sus obligaciones y se estudia hasta qué punto sería constitucionalmente aceptable el establecimiento futuro de la dación en pago si se aplica a contratas de préstamo o crédito todavía vigentes, así como la imposición a propietarios de alquileres forzosos para evitar la pérdida del alojamiento por parte de los deudores. Finalmente, partiendo de la constatación que la mera protección con el derecho privado del derecho a la vivienda de quien ya tiene alojamiento es claramente insuficiente, analiza el imprescindible concurso del derecho público para promover una vivienda asequible, mediante el relevante papel del derecho urbanístico y de la colaboración público-privada, y hace una serie de propuestas concretas en la parte final.

En aquest article intentarem determinar els motius que hi ha darrere de la baixa qualitat de la feina dels intèrprets judicials en el context dels processos penals als tribunals de Barcelona. A partir d’un corpus de judicis reals enregistrats, explorem quatre possibles factors que poden afectar l’actuació dels intèrprets: durada del judici, problemes de gestió de les converses, experiència dels intèrprets i tipus de delicte que es jutja. A més, també analitzem faltes de rendiment injustificades, que es consideren un indicador important de la ineficàcia. Les conclusions es comenten en el context de la competència lingüística de l’intèrpret, el seu paper en la interacció amb tots els participants i les normes establertes dels codis de conducta professionals. En aquest article se subratlla la necessitat de millorar la qualificació dels intèrprets, però també de conscienciar els membres del poder judicial espanyol sobre el paper dels intèrprets, amb l’objectiu de protegir els drets processals de les persones que no parlen ni entenen la llengua en què es du a terme el procediment.

Paper, the carrier of our written heritage, decays within a relatively short period of time mainly due to its acid content and the influence of air pollution. More than 50% of the records of our libraries and archives are already at risk. Mass deacidification allows this problem to be counteracted by significantly slowing down the deterioration of paper and thereby prolonging its life span. An overview of all relevant mass deacidification methods is given. As it was found that the 'papersave' method was the most suitable to meet Swiss requirements, a plant using an optimised version of this method was built and put into service in March 2000. Thanks to this optimisation, not only books and loose sheets but also documents in archival boxes could be mass-deacidified for the first time. Due to the necessity to analyse not only test papers but also original documents, new non-destructive testing methods had to be developed. Findings of basic investigations regarding treatment effects as well as results of routine quality control turned out to be very satisfactory.

Assuring the quality of a product is a big problem for all companies. Statistical process control is the main quantitative tool used in TQM. For monitoring the process some statistical process control techniques are used. The most important tool for monitoring the process is quality control chart. Control charts are used in analysis of process changes. Main subject of this study is to construct a quality control chart for offset printing machine in a printery company. Because of the fact that there are some problems in the machines with respect to the color shifting and paper thickness in the output, this study aims at analyzing the production process for decreasing the shifts and the variation in paper thickness. An offset printing machine in the company is selected for constructing the quality control chart. This work focuses on 54*72 Heidelberg offset printing (2 Colors) brand printing machine and paper thickness in Advertising and Printing Company.

After a brief survey of ideas about synesthesia in philosophy, science and the arts, this paper explores the common qualities of the parameters of colour, graphic shape (including typography), timbre and texture, hypothesizes a number of points of correspondence and argues for their semiotic importance in the contemporary multimodal communication of identity.

This paper synthesizes the actions performed in order to transform a classic scientific research journal – “Annals. Computer Science Series” – available only in printed form until 2008, into a modern e-journal with free access to the full text of the articles. For achieving this goal, the research papers have been included in various article databases, portals and library catalogs which offered a high visibility to the journal. Keywords: Open-Acces Initiative, article database, standards, meta-data harvesting

A new approach based on non-pigmented, stable colored nanoparticles able to migrate upon application of an electrical field (10–60 V) has been developed for the improvement of the color brightness of e-displays. The scientific challenges comprised the development of efficient syntheses of tri- and bifunctional dendrimers including branching points for further extension and individual decoration with dye (yellow, magenta, cyan). The covalent attachment of these scaffolds to silica nanoparticles was performed via hydrosilylation and final in situ charging generated attractive silica shells for the substractive CMY color space model.

This article presents one way of changing the participatory culture of training teachers – the Critical Integrative Teacher Education (CITE) programme now being implemented at Jyväskylä University. For the last ten years the Finnish school system has been the centre of considerable international attention because of its success in PISA. The Finnish school, however, has two faces. In the shadow of those good learning outcomes there lurks a democratic deficit in school and a lack of school wellbeing amongst children. This article examines the nature of the Finnish school and teacher education from the perspective of democracy. If participatory culture in Finnish schools is restricted, then the same also applies to teacher education. The long tradition of education as well as the radical school democracy experiment in the early 1970s resulted in the neutralization of teacher education and the removal of politics and politicality. This led to a teacher education with the emphasis on didactics and psychology but with a social viewpoint conspicuous by its absence. Even though the system offers opportunities to implement even radically different training methods, there is little that is done differently.

Sotto questo titolo è apparsa nell'autunno del 1999 un'antologia curata dai quattro editori,. contenente 29 brani ( ad opera dei curatori e altri collaboratori). Le linee direttrici sono esposte nella prefazione (Preface, 2 pagine introduttive fuori paginazione). La base è l'antologia Early Romance Texts: An Anthology (1980) di Rodney Sampson, definita invaluable, ma ormai di difficile accesso. Perciò, con la presente scelta di testi si cerca di ovviare a questa situazione. Ci sono però determinati limiti: infatti, sono stati tralasciati i testi più noti, canonici, già bene studiati, ma nel contempo si è desistito anche dall'includere soltanto testi finora non pubblicati. In tal modo si è scelta una via di mezzo, includendo i testi meno noti e meno discussi, tutti pubblicati, è vero, già prima ma in places now considered relatively obscure e parecchio tempo (perfino tutto un secolo) fa. La struttura di tutti i contributi è identica: ad una succinta introduzione (dati essenziali sul relativo testo) seguono il brano, i commenti, la bibliografia e la traduzione inglese. In tal modo l'antologia è coerente, di facile orientamento ed altrettanto facili confronti tra i singoli testi, il che è di notevole importanza scientifica e pedagogica. Infine, i curatori fanno risaltare il ruolo delle ricerche filologiche negli studi più propriamente linguistici.

There was in Spain an inicial «army of teachers» freinetians, a group of snipers commited to the renovation of the system of education which was born and grew in the shade of the Republic. To this army belonged the teachers’ small squad of Extremadura, which took two schools of Las Hurdes as a surprising origin. From there it extended to Montijo -principal center of diffusion for the rest of the educational experiences in the region: Calamonte, Valencia de Alcantara, La Puebla del Maestre and, probably also, Arroyo del Puerco. Surprising is not only that the origin of such an educational innovation took place in a region like Las Hurdes, but also that it was proceeding almost at the same time as the huge movement in Catalonia and Aragon, and that it, most likely, was not affected by Almendros ́s influences. There are reasons to believe that the teacher Jose Vargas Gómez, the origin of everything, had early news from Freinet through the teachers from Torrijos and Camarena before arriving to Las Hurdes.

Straipsnyje aptariama modelio negyvas subjektas + aktyvų veiksmą reiškiantis veiksmažodis realiza­cija lingvistiniuose straipsniuose anglų kalba. Nustatomas bendras modelio dažnumas bei dažniausiai pasikartojantys veiksmažodžiai bei subjektai, atskleidžiama jų reikšmė ir funkcijos. Rezultatai lygina­mi su lingvisto Master’io (2001) straipsnyje aprašomais tyrimo, grindžiamo moksliniais straipsniais tiksliųjų mokslų tematika, rezultatais. Abiejų tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad tiriamas modelis vyrauja aiškinamojo tipo kontekstuose.Kvantitatyvinis aspektas papildomas interpretaciniu, pasitelkiant konceptualiosios metaforos teo­riją. Nustatytos šios dažniausiai pasitaikančios metaforos: tyrimas yra žmogus, tyrimas yra kelionė, tyrimas yra statinys, tyrimas yra ekonominė veikla bei tyrimas yra paslapties atskleidimas. Pirmoji metafora iš dalies sutampa su metonimijomis.Šio tyrimo rezultatai galėtų pasitarnauti diskurso analizės tyrimams bei dėstant akademinį rašymą negimtakalbiams.

Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis pavyzdžiais, surinktais iš Anglų filologijos katedros studentų bakalaurinių ir magistrinių darbų, analizuojami tų darbų pavadinimai bei mokslinio darbo plano rašymo būdai. Pavadinimai nagrinėjami keliais aspektais – visų pirma, aptariama jų funkcijos, 153tiriama jų sintaksinės ir struktūrinės ypatybės. Be to, nemaža dėmesio skiriama sąšvelnių (hedging) ir intertekstualumo naudojimui mokslinių darbų pavadinimuose, t.p. paminimi nauji efektingi būdai kurti pavadinimus. Kita straipsnio dalis skirta aptarti problemoms, kylančioms rašant mokslinio dar­bo planą. Išskiriami dviejų tipų sunkumai – susiję su darbo turiniu, kai planas yra per daug bendras ir neatspindi darbo turinio, ir sunkumai, susiję su plano forma – kai nesilaikoma tos pačios sintaksinės formos. Išvadose teigiama, jog šios dvi įvadinės mokslinio darbo dalys, nors iš pirmo žvilgsnio ir galinčios atrodyti nelabai svarbios, iš tiesų atlieka rimtą informacinę bei reklaminę funkciją, todėl siūlant akademinio rašymo kursą, joms reikėtų skirti nemaža dėmesio.

The Far East Land Property Credit Company (CFEO Crédit Foncier d’Extrême-Orient) is a Franco-Belgian company that specializes in mortgages and infrastructure financing and modern technology, but also in the construction and maintenance of buildings. From 1907 to 1959, about thirty mainly Belgian and French architects worked for this company in China, Hong Kong and Singapore. After introducing problems and issues relating to the archives of Belgian companies in general and Belgian companies in China more specifically, the article will present an outline of the history of the CFEO and its archives before lingering on specific architect’s firms, architects, projects and constructions. In addition to the archives of the company’s headquarters in Brussels, additional collections (architects, clients, municipal) and monumental sources (considered to be patrimony more or less) are considered. The potential and limits of the CFEO archives for the architectural historian serve as a guiding line for a critical approach.

Review

In this paper the author presents and describes the characteristics of the technique One Minute Paper and defines its advantages and disadvantages in language teaching. The present study confirms the effectiveness of the technique in science teaching and highlights its significant impact on improving the quality not only of teaching but also of knowledge of students in physics, mathematics, biology and medicine. The author has applied the technique in English language teaching and proves that it has a positive effect. The study included two groups of students, the experimental and the control group. The paper presents and explains the way in which the survey was conducted. The author also presents the results and confirms that the technique One Minute Paper has a positive impact and great importance in foreign language teaching.

The subsequent three papers in the present volume (viz. Snedec', Teržan's, and Trobevšek-Drobnak's) have arisen from the research in historical syritax conducted since 1986 by us in the Department for Germanic Languages and Literatures of the University of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, under the advisorship of J. Orešnik.

The papers collected in this volume were originally presented at an International Conference on Historical Lexicography and Lexicology organized by Julie Coleman, and meant to fill the gap created by the two International Round Table Conferences in Florence and Leyden in 1971 and 1977 respectively. The purpose of the conference was to bring together scholars and academics working in the field of historical lexicography, whether researching the history of historical dictionaries or whether compiling dictionaries with a historical point of departure. Accordingly the collection, competently edited and introduced by Julie Coleman and Anne McDermott, is arranged in two sections, reflecting the distinction between those researchers tracing the historical development of dictionaries and those practitioners faced with the problems and challenges of the compilation of historical dictionaries. The first part dealing with the history of dictionaries consists of twelve papers (two-thirds of the book), while the second part dealing with the practice of historical dictionaries consists of six papers (one-third of the book).

This volume contains a selection of papers read at the 12th International Symposium on Lexicography, held in Copenhagen from April 29 to May 1, 2004. Many topical issues are discussed, and even though the volume is arranged according to different lexicographical themes, there are also many common elements between the different papers. For example, sample articles selected for the empirical analyses on which the papers are based, often deal with the use of phraseology in different dictionaries, the finding of suitable translation equivalents in bilingual dictionaries, and the user-friendliness in dictionaries. In some cases, the participants have selected the same mainstream dictionaries for discussion, which means that these dictionaries are examined from different viewpoints, making the volume an interesting and useful reference work.

Cal remarcar, en el si de les federacions contemporànies, una certa tendència a la concentració dels poders resultant de l'aplicació judicial de les normes relatives a la divisió de poders entre els nivells de govern. Canadà no és una excepció en aquest sentit. Com a àrbitre últim dels conflictes federatius, el Tribunal Suprem ha infós un camí d'evolució cap a la centralització de la federació canadenca. Pel que fa als conflictes sobre el repartiment de competències legislatives, aquesta tendència es basa en una dilució del valor normatiu del principi del federalisme, l'adopció d'un concepte anomenat cooperatiu del repartiment de competències i l'hegemonia de l'enfocament interpretatiu evolutiu. Igualment cridat a jugar un paper fonamental en certs moments clau de la història constitucional del país, el Tribunal va haver d'intentar conciliar les qüestions de legitimitat i de legalitat. Si l'adopció d'un enfocament positivista de la interpretació constitucional li va donar aquesta difícil tasca en les referències sobre la repatriació del poder constituent a principis dels anys 1980, una visió més àmplia de l'ordre normatiu canadenc li va permetre, en gran mesura, de tornar-hi en la referència de 1998 sobre la secessió del Quebec. Per una col·lectivitat nacional minoritària com és la del Quebec dins de la federació canadenca, el manteniment d'un equilibri de poders és de vital importància, ja que li permet conservar la seva esfera autonòmica fonamental per a la seva expansió col·lectiva.

Aquest treball analitza el procés de creació i consolidació dels òrgans consultius com una manifestació important del desplegament de l'Estat autonòmic i de la descentralització del poder a Espanya, que té el seu fonament en les potestats d'autoorganització de les comunitats autònomes, com ha tingut ocasió d'afirmar la jurisprudència constitucional que es descriu en la primera part.Després de destacar la necessitat que aquests òrgans estiguin dotats d'unes característiques peculiars que en garanteixin la qualificació tècnica, la independència i l'objectivitat com a condicions de legitimitat, aquest estudi analitza la tasca exercida pels òrgans consultius autonòmics i la seva participació en les funcions legislativa, executiva i administrativa, aturant-se especialment en el paper dels consells consultius coma «guardians de l'autonomia». En aquest aspecte, el treball es refereix a la defensa d'un enteniment ampli de la legitimació dels executius autonòmics en els recursos d'inconstitucionalitat, així com en la interpretació estricta del concepte de «normes bàsiques» i en la doctrina dels òrgans consultius sobre l'abast dels títols denominats horitzontals.

The present paper sets out to examine the efficiency of the Task Dependency Principle (TDP) in teaching research paper writing for BA students in English Philology. So far the TDP has been used in teaching practical language skills to non-native speakers. It consists in giving students tasks which are based on previously accomplished tasks. The TDP has turned out to be very effective in teaching research paper writing skills as well. Implemented throughout one full semester of the research-in-progress seminar, coupled with the peer review and fostered by the focus on individually selected linguistic topics, the TDP has contributed to increasing the motivation of students and shifting from teacherto student-centred teaching/learning.

NVolume 194 of the series Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, entitled Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, comprises a selection of eleven academic contributions that were originally presented at the Tenth International Conference of English Historical Linguistics. The disciplinary focus of this volume of texts is the diachronics of English vocabulary, and the representation thereof in dictionaries. From a theoretical point of view prototype theory assumes a central position, and the methodological approach is mainly corpus-analytical.

Review

No abstract available.

Inevitablement, els sistemes federalistes necessiten processos a través dels quals es puguin resoldre les discussions sobre l'assignació de poder entre els governs nacionals i regionals. L'elecció que un país fa pel que fa a l'autoritat institucional que ha de resoldre tals discussions és crítica. En el context del federalisme americà, la història demostra que tals discussions s'han resolt principalment per mitjà de la via judicial.De manera significativa, el text constitucional mateix sovint disposa només d'una mínima orientació per resoldre si les afirmacions concretes de poder, normalment per part del Govern central, són conseqüents amb l'estructura constitucional. Atès que, de conformitat amb el poder de revisió judicial, els tribunals federals tenen l'última paraula amb relació al significat de la Constitució, aquesta indeterminació ha atorgat al Tribunal un gran poder i discreció a l'hora de donar forma als contorns del federalisme americà. Com a conseqüència, el poder federal ha fluctuat substancialment a través de la història americana i ha depès en gran part de les actituds judicials, les preferències personals i l'orientació política dels jutges.

El dret públic de la immigració s'ha anat desenvolupant en els darrers anys per donar resposta a les necessitats que planteja el fenomen migratori. Tot i que el protagonisme l'han tingut el legislador i l'Administració sobretot centrals, la jurisprudència del Tribunal Constitucional ha estat decisiva per posar en relleu la dimensió constitucional d'aquest nou sector de l'ordenament. A partir de pocs preceptes, aquest Tribunal ha anat concretant les exigències constitucionals que se'n deriven pel legislador, les administracions i els jutges ordinaris en aquest àmbit. El present estudi analitza quina ha estat la contribució del Tribunal Constitucional en el desenvolupament del dret públic de la immigració. No s'analitzen una per una les quaranta sentències constitucionals dictades en aquest àmbit, sinó les grans línies jurisprudencials que s'han anat perfilant durant els gairebé trenta anys de jurisprudència constitucional sobretot en la determinació de l'estatut constitucional de l'estranger.