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The solar power plant is a rapidly growing renewable energy source that has a potential role in reducing climate change and replacing fossil fuels. Estimation of the power generated by a solar power plant is required to determine the energy supply. Unfortunately, the solar power generated is highly uncertain due to highly dependence to nature, such as solar radiation and weather. This makes the estimation of solar power generation to be very difficult. This study presents a development of machine learning to model a solar power plant for estimating the generated power. The machine learning is developed by implementing the k-NN algorithm. A data set of power generated in a solar power plant is applied to build the machine learning. The development resulted in a machine learning that models the solar power plant. Simulation test result show the machine learning was able to estimate the solar power generated with an accuracy of 69.6%. The developed model is very useful to estimate potential of solar power resource in a region. The developed model is very useful in feasibility studies to estimate the potential of solar power resources in an area.

Bioremediation is term define to utilise different living organisms for reducing the toxic impacts of contaminants. There are numerous of contaminants in the environment with their persistence and bioaccumulation abilities. These contaminants involved heavy metals, dye disposals, petroleum wastes, oil spills etc. Enzymes are biocatalysts that are responsible for hydrolysing a particular reaction in a specific cell of living organisms. Enzymes have been serving in various sectors for several years’ industries like pharmaceuticals, food, detergent, leather, paper, fabric, and many more. Despite various applications of biological or microbial enzymes, they are comparatively cheaper, stable, and reusable than chemical catalysts. Therefore enzyme-based reactions are preferable to chemical reactions in almost every industry. Proteases, amylases, and lipases are prioritized in the list of industrial enzymes cellulases. Microbial enzymes are attractive to researchers because of their high yield in comparison to chemical reactions. Enzyme applications are not restricted to industrial benefits but they are more eco-friendly than other chemical biocatalysts for example enzymes can reduce dye contaminants from the environment. Over chemical reactions, enzymes are the most suited replaceable candidate due to their agricultural significance. Hence this study will be involved in the comparison of biological catalysts so Enzymes are better options instead of chemical components. Therefore, in this review we will discuss different approach for the degradation for various contaminants with microbes.

With the proliferation of surveillance cameras, managing and analyzing vast amounts of video data have become challenging. This paper introduces a sustainable automated approach to detect abnormal events in surveillance footage. Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques, our system identifies unusual activities by analyzing video frames. By automating this process, we reduce the burden of manual monitoring and enable timely responses to security threats. This sustainable solution has broad applications in public safety, security, and crime prevention.

The world’s reliance on non-renewable energy sources is unsustainable, and biogas production from organic waste materials is a promising renewable energy source. However, there is a lack of technology and understanding surrounding biogas production and utilization. This study aimed to produce biogas at laboratory scale using cafeteria waste and to examine the processes of biogas production for variable factors such as retention time, pH level, and addition of bases. The findings showed that a mixture of papaya peels, water, cow manure, and a base produced an impressive 80.75% methane yield within 75 days under mesophilic conditions with a specific pH and temperature range. However, maintaining optimal pH and vacuum in a biogas chamber presents challenges, such as leakages and pH fluctuations. The optimal ratio for biogas production is a mixture of 45-50% organic matter and 55-60% water, with careful regulation of base addition to ensure maximum biogas production and optimal biogas quality. This study provides insights into biogas production and its potential as a viable biofuel alternative.

A development of web application for a hydroponic monitoring system (HMS) is presented. The HMS is to collect data of hydroponic plants such as quality and quantity of nutrient solution. The HMS is integrated to internet such that the collected data is stored in a cloud server. The data can be accessed by users through a web application. This study is to develop the web application as an interface for accessing the HMS data in real time. The web development is done by implementing the user centred design (UCD) method. A study case of monitoring hydroponic temperatures is presented in this development. It resulted in a web application that presents real-time data of the temperatures in numerically as well as graphically. This web application provides an informative, attractive, and user-friendly interface of the HMS.

The large energy consumption of membrane desalination process has encouraged researchers to explore different spacer designs using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for maximizing permeate per unit of energy consumed. In previous studies of zigzag spacer designs, the filaments are modeled as circular cross sections in a two-dimensional geometry under the assumption that the flow is oriented normal to the filaments. In this work, we consider the 45° orientation of the flow towards the three-dimensional zigzag spacer unit, which projects the circular cross section of the filament as elliptical in a simplified two-dimensional domain. OpenFOAM was used to simulate the mass transfer enhancement in a reverse-osmosis desalination unit employing spiral wound membranes lined with zigzag spacer filaments. Properties that impact the concentration polarization and hence permeate flux were analyzed in the domain with elliptical filaments as well as a domain with circular filaments to draw suitable comparisons. The range of variation in characteristic parameters across the domain between the two different configurations is determined. It was concluded that ignoring the elliptical projection of circular filaments to the flow direction, can introduce significant margin of error in the estimation of mass transfer coefficient.

Madura foot or mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by localized infection of subcutaneous tissues by actinomycetes or fungi. The inflammatory response can extend to the underlying bone. Mycetoma was described first in the mid 1800s and was initially called Madura foot. The infection can be caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) in 40%, or filamentous bacteria (actinomycetoma) in 60%.Actinomycetoma may be due to Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Streptomyces somaliensis, Nocardia species. The infection, which may remain latent for a time, forms small, subcutaneous swellings that enlarge, soften with pus, and break through the skin surface, with concurrent invasion of deeper tissues. Sulfonamide, iodide, and antibiotic therapy have been used against actinomycotic infections, but the fungi are more resistant to treatment. We reported a patient of madura foot from International Medical College Hospital, Tongi, Gazipur. A 82-years old male was admitted to the International medical college hospital with a 16 months history of swelling with multiple discharging sinuses filled with granules localized in his right foot. Pus was examined by gram staining and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Moderate number of filamentous branching gram positive bacilli were found . The organism was recognized as a member of the actinomyces genus. PAS staining did not reveal any other organism. The aggressive course and progression of the disease affected the short bones of the involved foot. The patient was diagnosed as a case of Madura foot and was treated in the same hospital.

Let whoever may have attained to so much as to have the power of drawing know that he holds a great treasure ... Michelangelo The tradition of architectural drawings and making as a means of design thinking in a constant feedback loop results in discoveries that facilitate creative thinking in an iterative process. In the digital age, notion of drawing and making by hand as a cognitive process of thinking is fading. This trend is increasingly evident in upper-level architecture students who depend strictly on digital tools for design thinking, missing many critical decisionmaking steps. Concepts of scale, diagramming, composition, materiality are missing − part of the challenge is the computer screen and the lack of tactical autonomy with physical materials − pen, pencil, brush, architectural scale, materiality, construction, assemblage. How can we as educators assert that drawings are not just architectural representations, but a means to architectural inquiry? Why is it critical for our students to use hand drawings, sketching and diagramming when exploring ideas? Can small gestural models provide notions of scale, materiality, and construction? Teaching pedagogy has always engaged new modes of design thinking and communications as a way of design inquiry − a trait essential to architects. Historically, since the Renaissance, drawings have been the catalyst to advance architectural discourse. In the 20th century, different movements such as De Stijl, Constructivism and Bauhaus used a multi-disciplinary approach combining art and technology through the lens of drawing and making that led to a new wave of design pedagogy to push their imaginations into new territories which the digital augmented as technology advanced. We believe that today’s students need to continue to develop both hand and digital skills in tandem to optimize design thinking, making and presentation techniques. In doing so, they can advance architectural pedagogy to new heights as those before did; critically in a material and physical sense: as an embodied spatial experience.

Architecture has the strongest educational ties to geometric organization because of the necessity for order and efficiency in construction, three-dimensional space composition, and the desire to create aesthetically pleasing structures. Kimberly Elam, the author of “Geometry of Design” mentions, “Too often as a design professional and educator I have seen excellent conceptual ideas suffer during the process of realization, in large part because of the designer did not understand the visual principles of geometric composition. These principles include an understanding of classic proportioning systems such as the golden section and root rectangles, as well as ratios and proportion, interrelationships of form, and regulating lines.” With the primary objective of linking art and architecture through observation, analysis, and composition, this paper demonstrates beginning studio projects where geometry, pattern and kinetics are exercised to enhance understanding of two-dimensional pattern and three-dimensional construction. The objective is to enhance three-dimensional design thinking that has become a challenge in recent trends of questionable dependency on computer modeling applications for design decisions.

As a new interactive service technology, IPTV has been extensively studying in the field of TV pro-gram recommendation, but the sparse of the user-program rating matrix and the cold-start problem is a bottleneck that the program recommended accurately. In this paper, a flexible combination of two recommendation strategies proposed, which explored the sparse and cold-start problem as well as the issue of user interest change over time. This paper achieved content-based filtering section and collaborative filtering section according to the two combination strategies, which effectively solved the cold-start program and over the sparse problem and the problem of users interest change over time. The experimental results showed that this combinational recommendation system in optimal parameters compared by using any one of two combination strategies or not using any combination strategy at all, and the reducing range of MAE is [2.7%,3%].The increasing range of precision and recall is [13.8%95.5%] and [0,97.8%], respectively. The experiment showed better results when using combinational recommendation system in optimal parameters than using each combination strategies individually or not using any combination strategy.

Abstract Background Leg weakness issues are a great concern for the pig breeding industry, especially with regard to animal welfare. Traits associated with leg weakness are partly influenced by the genetic background of the animals but the genetic basis of these traits is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting leg weakness in pigs. Methods Three hundred and ten F2 pigs from a Duroc × Pietrain resource population were genotyped using 82 genetic markers. Front and rear legs and feet scores were based on the standard scoring system. Osteochondrosis lesions were examined histologically at the head and the condylus medialis of the left femur and humerus. Bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone mineral area were measured in the whole ulna and radius bones using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A line-cross model was applied to determine QTL regions associated with leg weakness using the QTL Express software. Results Eleven QTL affecting leg weakness were identified on eight autosomes. All QTL reached the 5% chromosome-wide significance level. Three QTL were associated with osteochondrosis on the humerus end, two with the fore feet score and two with the rear leg score. QTL on SSC2 and SSC3 influencing bone mineral content and bone mineral density, respectively, reached the 5% genome-wide significance level. Conclusions Our results confirm previous studies and provide information on new QTL associated with leg weakness in pigs. These results contribute towards a better understanding of the genetic background of leg weakness in pigs.

World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency due to the recent spread of COVID-19 throughout the world. Millions of people are affected daily and thousands died. Almost all countries are now paying attention to control this pandemic outbreak. Therefore, researchers are trying to identify the pathophysiology of the disease, appropriate prognosis, effective management and prevention of COVID-19. Based on current published evidence, this review article specifies the role of different nutrients in the possible prevention and management of COVID-19 and viral infections. Balanced nutrition including adequate vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, magnesium, selenium, zinc and phytonutrients have shown promising immune-boosting roles in COVID-19 and other respiratory infections due to their potential antiinflammatory and antioxidants properties. These micronutrients act against COVID-19 infections both individually and synergistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Let R be a commutative ring with identity, M an R-module and S ⊆ R a multiplicative set. Then M is called S-finite if there exist an s ∈ S and a finitely generated submodule N of M such that sM ⊆ N. Also, M is called S-Noetherian if each submodule of M is S-finite. A ring R is called S-Noetherian if it is S-Noetherian as an R-module. This paper surveys the most recent developments in describing the structural properties of S-Noetherian rings, S-Noetherian modules and their generalizations. Some interesting constructed examples of S-Noetherian rings and modules are also presented.

The aim of this study is to analyze Ibn Khaldun's economic theory. Although recognized as a father of sociologists, Ibn Khaldun gets little attention for his contribution to the economic field. His economic thought emphasized Islamic principles and moral values. Furthermore, he first scientifically examined economic activities. In his price and labor theory, he viewed labor and effort as sacred and praiseworthy. The stages of development analyzed the consumer behaviour, market and government's role. In the initial stage, the development takes place by using individual wealth in a specialized sector. Subsequently, the growing wealth leads development more of affluent and luxury goods. In this development process, he advocated the minimum government's role in the economy. Accordingly, low taxes are more efficient and offer incentives to yield higher revenues. One of his major economic contributions is that he pointed out the economic issues and subsequently provided the generalized solutions that were given four hundred years 'before Adam Smith. Therefore, it is not exaggerated to say that he can be considered "the real father of economics (M. Oweiss N. Atiyeh, 1988)."

This paper explores how the pandemic intersects with religious nationalism in Pakistan and isolates vulnerable groups through the use of its colonial-era Blasphemy Laws. Using the August 2020 case of a music video shoot inside a mosque, the paper emphasizes the role of social media ‘cancel culture’ in mobilizing these laws to persecute ‘wrongdoers’ in the name of ‘Islam’. The paper confronts power relations and creates new knowledge to challenge prevailing hegemonic structures by exploring the selective applicability of cancel culture and the Blasphemy Laws.

This research was aimed to assess the human health risk by measuring concentration of seven heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb) in some selected vegetables, fruits and cereals in Khulna, Bangladesh. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) deterministic approaches were used to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk which was measured by Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Target cancer Risk (TR) values. The contents of Mn, Ni, As and Pb except Fe, Cu and Zn were above the recommended maximum acceptable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Assessment of non-carcinogenic health hazard by THQ indicated no concern from consumption of these selected cereals except As, Pb and vegetables except for Pb. But the combined impacts of all metals (HI) were higher than the acceptable limit of 1 for all vegetables and cereals. So, the consumption of these vegetables and cereals are of biggest concern for non-carcinogenic health effects and all metals together may affect human health as revealed by HI. Upon consumption of studied vegetables, fruits and cereals the probability of developing cancer was greater than USEPA threshold risk limit (>10-5) for Pb and (>10-3) for As and Ni. Whereas the TR value indicates moderate cancer risk for Pb and highly cancer risk for As, Ni from this study area.

Introduction/Aim: The Fear-Avoidance Model (FAM) is a leading theoretical paradigm for explaining persistent pain following musculoskeletal injury. The model suggests that as injuries heal, pain-related outcomes are increasingly determined by psychological, rather than physiological factors. Increasing literature, however, suggests that neurophysiological processes related to pain sensitivity also play an important role in chronicity. To date, there has been limited research that has specifically explored the role of pain sensitivity within the FAM. This study addresses this gap by evaluating whether clinical measures of pain sensitivity help explain FAM-related outcomes, beyond model-relevant psychological predictors. Methods: The study sample consisted of 80 adults with chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain (pain was distributed across 4.96 ± 2.01 number of body sites including limbs and spine). Participants completed a single testing session that included measures of all of the major constructs of the FAM, including pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, activity avoidance (self-report and functional measures), pain-related disability, depression and pain severity, as well as a battery of quantitative sensory testing that included measures of pressure pain threshold and temporal summation of mechanical pain across 8 body sites. Results: A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for the psychological predictors of the FAM, indices of pain sensitivity significantly predicted 4 of the 5 FAM-related outcomes (p

This study seeks to explore customer satisfaction and its influencing factors of the mobile phone operation industry in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey form a diversified representative sample. An iterated factor analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) including measurement model and structural model were applied to analyze data. The empirical results demonstrate that service quality and fair price have indirect influence on customer satisfaction of a mass service industry (i.e., mobile phone operators) through perceive value. Perceived value has mediating role between quality, charge fairness and satisfaction. Furthermore, result shows that fair price has positive direct impact on customer satisfaction, whereas, the results did not find any significant direct impact of service quality on customer satisfaction. Mobile phone operators are recommended to formulate operations and marketing strategies that focus on expectations of customers to enhance level of satisfaction. Similar industries may reveal similar relationship features in respect to these relationship constructs, if they are under similar category.

When firms engage in cooperative efforts, interfirm relations get particular interest to be studied. A direct interlock occurs when an executive or director of one firm sits on the board of another firm, and an indirect interlock occurs when two firms have directors or executives who sit on the board of a third firm. The three commonly used theoretical models such as social network theory, learning theory, and theory of strategic choice are more relevant for the formation and management of interlocking directorates. Uncertainty, resource scarcity, mutual trust, dependency, etc. influence the formation of interlocking directorates. Consequently, interlocking directorates allow sharing of information and overall cooperation between partners through learning, collaboration, networking, and effective relationship, etc. Proper management of interlocking directorates requires communication and collaboration among partners that enhance exchange of knowledge and cooperation.

This study was done keeping the hypothesis in mind that Fluconazole is used irrationally irrespective of diagnosis. Material: All patients attending at Skin-VD OPD of Enam Medical College Hospital during a 6-month time-period (July-Dec, 2009) were considered for this research. Structured questionnaire, check-list and face-to-face interview were used as data collection tools. After careful analysis, 274 cases were found valid out of 976 respondents. The cases were mostly adult (>20 yrs., 70.4%), dominated by male (58%), marriage (54%), literacy (71.6%) and coming from far (>5 km; 65.9%). The referral was made by registered doctors (10.9%), village doctors and/or drug-sellers (50.3%) and self (38.8%). Out of the total Fluconazole-intakers (N=119), it was found that correct prescription done by registered doctors (10.08%), village doctors and/or drug sellers (9.24%) and by self (0.8%) was very few. The respondents wrongly-taken Fluconazole were finally diagnosed as case of psoriasis (21.84%), atopic dermatitis (13.44%) sebrrhoic dermatitis (12.6%) and so on. Results: The findings put this recommendation that prior to confirm diagnosis, use of Fluconazole was not rational for generalized skin lessions.

The cutting-edge technology Machine Learning (ML) is successfully applied for Business Intelligence. Among the various pre-processing steps of ML, Automatic Image Annotation (also known as automatic image tagging or linguistic indexing) is the process in which a computer system automatically assigns metadata in the form of captioning or keywords to a digital image. Automatic Image Annotation (AIA) methods (which have appeared during the last several years) make a large use of many ML approaches. Clustering and classification methods are most frequently applied to annotate images. In addition, these proposed solutions require a high computational infrastructure. However, certain real-time applications (small and ad-hoc intelligent applications) for example, autonomous small robots, gadgets, drone etc. have limited computational processing capacity. These small and ad-hoc applications demand a more dynamic and portable way to automatically annotate data and then perform ML tasks (Classification, clustering etc.) in real time using limited computational power and hardware resources. Through a comprehensive literature study we found that most image pre-processing algorithms and ML tasks are computationally intensive, and it can be challenging to run them on an embedded platform with acceptable frame rates. However, Raspberry Pi is sufficient for AIA and ML tasks that are relevant to small and ad-hoc intelligent applications. In addition, few critical intelligent applications (which require high computational resources, for example, Deep Learning using huge dataset) are only feasible to run on more powerful hardware resources. In this study, we present the framework of “Automatic Image Annotation for Small and Ad-hoc Intelligent Application using Raspberry Pi” and propose the low-cost infrastructures (single node and multi node using Raspberry Pi) and software module (for Raspberry Pi) to perform AIA and ML tasks in real time for small and ad-hoc intelligent applications. The integration of both AIA and ML tasks in a single software module (with in Raspberry Pi) is challenging. This study will helpful towards the improvement in various practical applications areas relevant to small intelligent autonomous systems.

A 38year old man had asymptomatic slowly progressive warty lesion on extensor surface of left elbow and arm for about 20 years. Examination revealed larger one sized of 16cm×15cm and smaller one about 8cm×5cm. Lesions were Keratotic, verrucous, nontender, cauliflower-like indurated plaque. Mantoux test resulted 20mm×18mm on 48 hours observation. Histopathological examination of the lesion showed epitheloid cell granuloma with giant cells and lymphocytes in the mid dermis. The conclusive diagnosis was tuberculosis verrucosa cutis based on above findings. Six month therapy with INH 300mg plus Rifampicin 600mg supplemented initial 2 months ethambulol 1000mg plus pyrazinamide 1500mg daily resulted complete clearance of the lesions.

This paper presents the effects of various volume fractions of polyethylene (PE) fibres of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% on tensile, flexure and compressive behavior of PE fibres reinforced geopolymer composites (PE-FRGC). Results show that the 1% PE fibre by volume is the optimum fibre volume fraction for fly ash geopolymer composite, which exhibit superior strain and deflection hardening behavior in uni-axial tension and three-point bending, respectively. Results also show that the compressive strength of the composites decreases with increase in volume fractions of PE fibre. The fibre surface examination of PE fibre in the gopolymer matrix using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed no significant damage of PE fibre in the alkaline geopolymer matrix.

Biofuels production is mostly oriented with fermentation process, which requires fermentable sugar as nutrient for microbial growth. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) represents the most attractive, low-cost feedstock for biofuel production, it is now arousing great interest. The cellulose that is embedded in the lignin matrix has an insoluble, highly-crystalline structure, so it is difficult to hydrolyze into fermentable sugar or cell protein. On the other hand, microbial lipid has been studying as substitute of plant oils or animal fat to produce biodiesel. It is still a great challenge to extract maximum lipid from microbial cells (yeast, fungi, algae) investing minimum energy.Electroporation (EP) of LCB results a significant increase in cell conductivity and permeability caused due to the application of an external electric field. EP is required to alter the size and structure of the biomass, to reduce the cellulose crystallinity, and increase their porosity as well as chemical composition, so that the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate fraction to monomeric sugars can be achieved rapidly and with greater yields. Furthermore, EP has a great potential to disrupt the microbial cell walls within few seconds to bring out the intracellular materials (lipid) to the solution. Therefore, this study aims to describe the challenges and prospect of application of EP technique in biofuels processing.

Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious public health problem among women and children in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal and the Philippines. Helen Keller International has been implementing homestead food production (HFP) programs (coupled with nutrition education) in these countries to increase and ensure year-round availability and intake of micronutrient-rich foods in poor households, particularly among women and children. Between 2003 and 2007, the HFP program was implemented among ~30,000 households in these four countries. Data collected from representative samples taken for evaluations of HFP programs in these countries illustrated the benefit of the program for households. Data were collected through interviews with households in villages that had the HFP program and from control households in non-HFP program villages. Blood samples collected from ~1000 children aged 6-59 months and ~1200 non-pregnant women before and after program implementation were analyzed for hemoglobin. The review showed that the HFP program significantly improved dietary diversification. The combined data from all four countries showed improved animal food consumption among program households, with liver consumption increasing from 24% at baseline to 46% at endline and the median number of eggs consumed by families per week increasing from 2 to 5. The sale of HFP products also improved household income. Anemia prevalence among children in program households decreased in all the countries; however, the decrease was only significant in Bangladesh and the Philippines. Although anemia prevalence also decreased among control households in three countries, the magnitude of change was higher in program households compared with control households.