89 results on '"SOCIAL learning"'
Search Results
2. Ethnic, Racial and Cultural Diversity
- Author
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Roxana Popa
- Subjects
ethnicity ,race ,multiculturalism ,integration ,social learning ,Law ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This article presents the problems that highly developed countries have had over the years, facing a period of exacerbated migrations. Once immigrants have arrived in highly developed countries, they go through a process of ethnic and cultural transition that can have consequences at the level of individuals' personality, but also at the level of the country. Educating peoples on multiculturalism that promotes and integrates ethnic and racial diversity can be a starting point for homogenizing groups. Educational programs that promote the integration and understanding of ethnic minorities in the majority, through social learning, become the key to the success of the cohesion of unitary groupsthat present a harmonious development of the individual.
- Published
- 2024
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3. Ida’nın Dinî Bağlılık Tercihinin Dindarlık Kuramları Açısından İncelenmesi
- Author
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Fatma Kenevir
- Subjects
ıda ,pawel pawlikowski ,varoluşçuluk ,sosyal öğrenme ,yoksunluk ,ida ,paweł pawlikowski ,existentialism ,social learning ,deprivation ,rational choice. ,Islam ,BP1-253 ,Religion (General) ,BL1-50 - Abstract
Dindarlık olgusunu anlamaya ve açıklamaya yönelik yaklaşımların başında gelen ‘yoksunluk’, ‘rasyonel tercih’, ‘sosyalizasyon’, ‘etnik köken ve din’ ile ‘varoluşsal güvenlik’ gibi teoriler dindarlığı genellikle tek bir unsurla açıklama eğilimindedir. Bireysel farklılıklar göz önüne alındığında ise farklı bireylerin dinî tecrübeleri de farklı olabilmektedir. Din, karmaşık ve çok yönlü bir olgu olduğundan dindarlık ile ilgili tek bir kuramsal yaklaşımın dinî bağlılığın tüm biçimlerini açıklaması zordur. Farklı din algılarını yansıtabilme imkanı bakımından dini bağlılığın filmler aracılığıyla incelenmesi, konuyla ilgili yaklaşımları daha derinlemesine anlamamıza katkı sağlayabilir. Bu bağlamda yönetmenliği Paweł Pawlikowski tarafından yapılan Ida (2013) filmi 1962 Polonya’sında Yahudi soykırımı sonrası döneme mercek tutar. Film, politik ve tarihi katmanlara sahip olmakla birlikte bu çalışmada dindarlık teorileri özelinde ele alınmıştır. Nitel desende planlan bu film incelemesinde, dindarlık kuramları bağlamında dinî kimlik analizi yapılmıştır. Filmin ana karakteri olan Anna’nın (Ida) hikayesine kendilik arayışı ve dinî kimliğinin keşfi bağlamında odaklanılmıştır. Onun deneyimleyerek karar verme sürecinde ise dinî sosyalleşme, rasyonel tercih ve anlam ve aidiyet arayışı etkili olmuş ve Anna dini bağlılığı seçerek manastıra geri dönmeye karar vermiştir.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Social Learning Reflected in Younger Generations’ Lives. Case Study: The Bobo Clown Experiment and The Famous Youtuber Og Mcskillet
- Author
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V. Batranu-Pintea and C. Coman
- Subjects
social learning ,virtual worlds ,violent behavior ,online media ,Law ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper aims to discuss and thoroughly analyze, aided using content analysis and make use of certain theoretical support available regarding primary social learning, approximately how many and what certain events in a child’s life can affect his or herbehavior. We discuss how Albert Bandura’s experiment involving the Bobo Clown doll revealed some troubling aspects no matter their age or even intellectual capacities. All these behaviors can, unfortunately, irreversibly affect a child’s harmonious development, both psychologically as well as emotionally. Virtual liberty also poses as a threat in this case. This article proposes to take a deeper look into this phenomenon, constructing a base that starts early historically.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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5. 'Unless you get to know us, you’re not going to know our passion': From consultation to co-management on Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Territory
- Author
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Rebecca DeLorey, Mark Groulx, Beverly Ketlo, and Angel Ransom
- Subjects
aboriginal consultation ,forestry ,indigenous co-management ,indigenous knowledge ,social learning ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 ,Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying ,NA9000-9428 - Abstract
In British Columbia, First Nation consultation is formally operationalized through land referrals, a system by which governments and industry proponents share information with First Nations about specific developments on their territories. Using the lenses of equal capacity, social learning, and Indigenous knowledge, this research examines land referrals processes on Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Territory to explore experiences with current consultation practices. Despite efforts to move towards equal decision-making authority over First Nation Territories, consultation remains a key aspect of Indigenous-Crown relations and it is critical that planners enhance their understanding of the duty to consult. Interviews with Nadleh Whut’en knowledge holders and land users and forestry key informants highlight deficiencies in the referrals process as a vehicle for engaging communities in decision making. Challenges include short timelines that manufacture false consent and a lack of cross-cultural dialogue centered on community values and needs. This research fills a gap by advancing understandings of the technical and procedural details of current consultation practice, including where it falls short in protecting Aboriginal rights and how such shortcomings impact people’s lives.
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- 2022
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6. L'émergence d'une gouvernance foncière au profit de la préservation des milieux aquatiques : quelles nouvelles modalités de coordination et d'apprentissage social à l'échelle des territoires ? Le cas du département de l'Isère.
- Author
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Kassis, Grâce and Bertrand, Nathalie
- Abstract
La gestion des milieux aquatiques connait des évolutions importantes marquées par des ruptures législatives continues. En particulier, la préservation des milieux aquatiques est aujourd'hui élargie aux politiques foncières et ce en complément de la politique de l'eau. Cependant, peu d'études se sont intéressées à la place que prennent les interventions foncières dans la gestion de ces milieux. C'est ce que se propose de faire cet article en analysant les processus d'apprentissage social dans lesquels se sont engagés les acteurs locaux pour s'approprier la composante foncière de la gestion des milieux aquatiques dans le département de l'Isère. Nos résultats montrent que de nouveaux partenariats visant la maîtrise de l'usage du foncier s'établissent et permettent d'ancrer la gestion des milieux aquatiques dans un projet de territoire plus intégré. Ces nouveaux partenariats fonciers participent à complexifier le paysage institutionnel de la gestion des milieux aquatiques, rentrant dès lors en tension avec le souhait du législateur d'en simplifier le paysage. The management of aquatic environments undergoes significant changes marked by continuous legislative changes. Specifically, the preservation of aquatic environments is no longer the sole responsibility of water policies, but is extended to land policies. However, little is known on the integration of land policies in the management of aquatic environments. This article analyzes the social learning processes in land governance for the preservation of aquatic environments in the Isere department. Our results show that new partnerships aiming land uses regulation are emerging. They contribute to complexify the institutional landscape of the management of aquatic environments, thus coming into tension with the desire of the legislator to simplify this landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Establishing a Community of Practice for Doctoral Studies Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Author
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Christina M. Cantin, Sara Brune, Laura Killam, Tyler Glass, Ruth Walker, and Emma Vanderlee
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nursing education ,graduate education ,social learning ,community of practice ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Published
- 2022
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8. Environmental governance and social learning: towards more reflexive interactions
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Pedro Roberto Jacobi and Daniele Tubino de Souza
- Subjects
governance ,environmental governance ,reflexivity ,social learning ,dialogue ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Facing the increasing complexity of social and environmental issues, environmental governance configurations are required to adopt increasingly collaborative strategies and reflexive learning oriented practices. The goal of this paper is to present a theoretical discussion about environmental governance and the contribution of the social learning approach to expand the reflexivity potential of multi-stakeholder interaction spaces in governance processes. We argue that social learning practices, understood as interactive and reflective, can broaden the critical responsiveness of participating in environmental governance systems. Social learning-oriented processes are based on the promotion of dialogic spaces in which participants can learn from the diverse views present in the group and critically reflect on the assumptions that underlie decision making, thus creating possibilities for the emergence of innovative practices and new social configurations. We conclude that social learning processes driven by the stakeholders interactions in environmental governance spaces tend to broaden the ability of participants to critically evaluate the governance structure itself, in order to foster arrangements that can effectively promote practices for sustainability.
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- 2021
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9. Valoriser le récit familial des élèves du primaire pour les initier à l’écriture de l’histoire : le projet « Partageons l’histoire ».
- Author
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Stan, Catinca Adriana, Arapi, Enkeleda, Jadoulle, Jean-Louis, Paquet, Anne-Marie, and Godin, Stéphane
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SOCIAL history ,ORAL history ,SOCIAL services ,SOCIAL learning ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
Copyright of Revue des Sciences de l'Education is the property of Revue des Sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. 2nd Water Cisterns: Social technologies promoting adaptive capacity to Brazilian family farmers
- Author
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Louise Cavalcante, Patrícia S. Mesquita, and Saulo Rodrigues-Filho
- Subjects
semiarid ,adaptive capacity ,cisterns ,social learning ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2020
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11. La communication sociale chez les enfants présentant un trouble du comportement : une avenue vers des interventions prometteuses.
- Author
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Carpentier, Tania and Desbiens, Nadia
- Subjects
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BEHAVIOR disorders in children , *CHILD psychology , *SOCIAL learning , *SOCIAL integration , *SOCIAL skills , *COMMUNICATIVE competence - Abstract
Intervening with children with emotional and behavioral disorders is a real challenge for educators and professionals. While most professionals tend to focus on the different ways to help these students achieve educational and social success; they seem to overlook their communication and language difficulties that may contribute to the challenges they face regarding social integration and learning. While recent studies have shown an actual link between language, communication skills and behavior; more specifically, that social communication skills would be particularly related to children's behavioral and emotional profile; few have explored the impact an intervention on social communication has on a child's behavior. This literature review offers a critical point of view of the studies that examine the theoretical relationships between these concepts and will show the importance of exploring social communication interventions with children with emotional and behavioral disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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12. Des communautés de pratique en milieu universitaire : Quels défis et quelle valeur pour l’innovation dans l’organisation ?
- Author
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Demers, Geneviève and Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL learning ,COMMUNITIES of practice ,SOCIAL learning ,DISJUNCTION (Logic) ,COLLEGE environment - Abstract
Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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13. Groupes auliques et Groupe d'études : procédure du post-constructivisme d'enseignement et apprentissage.
- Author
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TUBOITI, Nair, NUMA-BOCAGE, Line, and FREITAS, Lêda
- Subjects
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SOCIAL learning , *CAREER development , *TEACHER training , *TEAMS in the workplace , *SOCIAL facts - Abstract
The didactic proposal of the post-constructivist (Grossi, 2005), takes into account the relationship between the subject, reality, others and the Other interior and considers the learning potential of all students. Its theoretical foundation is, among other things, the principle that learning is a social phenomenon, and that the spatial organization of the class, in groups of adults, promotes the teaching-learning process. Post-constructivism is a didactic proposition that allows us to respond to the purpose of teaching all students. This article on group work in post-constructivism aims to analyze the change in posture of teachers, and the professional development that follows, and which demonstrates a break with the traditional form of education. The trick of the identified researcher is then to take up in a teacher training, through the aulic groups in the Geempa class and the weekly study group, the scientific approach of post-constructivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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14. Les accidents du travail
- Author
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Luc Van Gossum, Noël Simar, Michel Strongylos, Luc Van Gossum, Noël Simar, and Michel Strongylos
- Subjects
- Social learning
- Abstract
Né en 1903, le régime belge d'indemnisation des accidents de travail a 113 ans mais est résolument tourné vers l'avenir et constitue, à bien des égards, un modèle.Aux confins du droit de la sécurité sociale, du droit social, du droit des assurances et du droit de la responsabilité civile, la législation sur les accidents du travail est en constante évolution tant au niveau légal et réglementaire que jurisprudentiel.La 8e édition de ce classique du droit tient compte des toutes dernières modifications légales et a pour objectif de donner une vision claire et structurée d'une matière importante, dynamique et parfois complexe.Foisonnant d'exemples concrets et de cas tranchés en justice, ce guide pratique permet de répondre aux questions les plus précises :– Quand et comment faut-il déclarer un accident?– Le travailleur intérimaire est-il couvert?– Le bris de lunettes est-il indemnisé?– À quelles conditions peut-on remettre au travail une personne souffrant d'une incapacité partielle de travail?– La responsabilité civile de l'employeur peut-elle être mise en cause?La première partie de l'ouvrage présente les commentaires relatifs au texte légal et à la jurisprudence y afférant. Elle propose également, par chapitre, une sélection de lectures recommandées pour une recherche approfondie.La seconde partie reprend le texte intégral et actualisé de la loi du 10 avril 1971, les principaux arrêtés d'exécution, la législation relative au contrôle des entreprises d'assurance, ainsi qu'une bibliographie générale.
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- 2013
15. Conceptualisation, symbolisation et interactions enseignante/enseignantélèves dans les apprentissages mathématiques: l'exemple de la généralisation.
- Author
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VLASSIS, Joëlle and DEMONTY, Isabelle
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SOCIAL learning ,LEARNING ,MATHEMATICAL models ,SOCIAL interaction ,STUDENT teachers - Abstract
Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Des enseignants de Sciences en immersion dans un musée. Une étude de cas sous l'angle de la théorie sociale de l'apprentissage.
- Author
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MEUNIER, ANIK, NE BÉLANGER, CHARL, and CHARLAND, PATRICK
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HIGH school teachers ,SECONDARY education ,SOCIAL learning ,CONTINUING education ,STUDENT teaching ,SOCIAL belonging - Abstract
Copyright of Review of Science Mathematics & ICT Education is the property of Library & Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
17. The role of group dynamics in creating a developing educational environment of a university
- Author
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Povarenkina Irina Alexandrovna, Frolova Natalia Hidarovna, and Chicherina Yulia Vladimirovna
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group dynamics ,social learning ,teamwork ,team development ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The transition to an individually-oriented educational paradigm and the freedom to choose individual learning trajectories leads to the underestimation of students’ teamwork and group dynamics. The study addresses current issues in the implementation of team-building methods and technologies that have not been adequately addressed in the scientific didactic literature. Since at the present stage of its development society faces the need for specialists who able to positively and effectively adapt and interact in a work team, propose constructive ideas, and work in teams, more broad and diverse use of group forms of learning in the higher education system is needed. The article discloses the specifics of the group approach to education. Teamwork contributes to the development of personal and social and group growth and self-realization and strengthens value orientations in the formation of a humanistic worldview which, in turn, is aimed at the sustainable development of society. Such competencies include team competencies that involve the ability to solve interdisciplinary problems. The formation and development of such competencies take place in the context of teamwork. In the context of group dynamics, a student is responsible for reaching their own goals and shares the responsibility for achieving the goals of the team. A student team, in turn, is an environment where each of its members grows professionally and develops personally according to their individual trajectory of success. Theoretical analysis of group development and experimental education prove the effectiveness of group work. Group dynamics provide students with the opportunity not only to be creative but also to create a positive atmosphere and team spirit in the group.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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18. Soutenir la justice épistémique au cœur de la recherche collaborative sur des questions socio-écologiques vives
- Author
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Laurence Brière, Marie-Ève Marleau, Isabel Orellana, Martine Chatelain, Guillaume Moreau, and Maude Prud’homme
- Subjects
social learning ,questions socialement vives ,recherche collaborative ,apprentissage dans l’action sociale ,societal issues ,collaborative research ,General Medicine ,epistemic justice ,justice épistémique ,justice énergétique ,energy justice - Abstract
Cet article souligne d’abord des enjeux de justice épistémique rencontrés par les groupes mobilisés vers la transition énergétique. Il rend ensuite compte d’une dynamique de recherche-action collaborative qui visait à cerner le potentiel et les perspectives de déploiement d’une dynamique de formation réciproque « par et pour » les actrices et acteurs impliqués pour une transition énergétique porteuse de justice sociale au Québec. Cette recherche, conçue avec le milieu, a mis de l’avant une méthodologie participative, où les savoirs et les analyses des collaboratrices militantes ont eu une place et une portée très importantes. L’article présente notre vision d’une éthique relationnelle de la recherche. Il explicite également les approches et les stratégies méthodologiques que nous avons déployées, tout en analysant leurs avantages et leurs limites. Alors que la littérature relative à la justice énergétique ne compte que très peu de recherches menées avec des groupes écologistes et citoyens, et encore moins de recherches impliquant ces groupes à titre de collaborateurs, les résultats de notre démarche appellent à valoriser les dynamiques de coconstruction de savoirs milieux-universités dans ce créneau de recherche et, plus largement, dans le vaste champ des questions socio-écologiques vives. This article first highlights epistemic justice issues faced by groups mobilized towards the energy transition. It then reports on a collaborative action-research process, which identified ways to enhance reciprocal training process "by and for" the actors fostering a socially just energy transition in Quebec. This research, conceived with engaged citizens and activists, has put forward a very participative methodology, where the knowledge and analyses of the collaborators have had a very important place and scope. The article then presents our vision of a relational research ethic. It also explains the methodological approaches and strategies we deployed, while analyzing their advantages and limitations. While the literature on energy justice includes very little research conducted with ecologist and citizen groups, and even less research involving these groups as collaborators, the results of our approach call for the valorization of community-university knowledge construction when it comes to develop a comprehensive understanding of socio-ecological issues.
- Published
- 2022
19. LA PRÉDICTION ALGORITHMIQUE COMME ACTIVITÉ SOCIALE.
- Author
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REIGELUTH, Tyler
- Subjects
SOCIAL learning ,CYBERNETICS ,MACHINE learning ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
Copyright of Réseaux (07517971) is the property of Editions La Decouverte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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20. La théorie des communautés de pratique. Apprentissage, sens et identité
- Author
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Fernand Gervais and Fernand Gervais
- Subjects
- Social learning, Organizational learning, Communities of practice
- Abstract
La théorie des communautés de pratique propose une théorie de l'apprentissage qui découle de l'hypothèse suivante : l'engagement dans une pratique sociale est le processus fondamental par lequel on apprend et on évolue en tant qu'être humain. Dans cet ouvrage, l'examen de ce processus ne porte ni sur l'individu ni sur les institutions sociales, mais plutôt sur'les communautés de pratique'informelles auxquelles on adhère lors de la participation à des projets collectifs. L'intention est de décrire en détail, au moyen d'une perspective sociale de l'apprentissage, les liens qui existent entre les notions de communauté, de pratique sociale, de construction de sens et d'identité. En résulte alors un cadre conceptuel élargi qui permet d'aborder l'apprentissage sous l'angle d'un processus social de participation. Si les concepts abordés dans ce volume semblent au premier coup d'oeil foncièrement abstraits, ils n'en demeurent pas moins pertinents, autant pour le praticien que pour le théoricien.
- Published
- 2009
21. Expérimentation d’une évaluation des impacts sur la santé comme vecteur d’un apprentissage collectif des liens entre santé, développement durable et urbanisme
- Author
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Anne-Laure Legendre, Benjamin Combes, Johan Verstraeten, and Yorghos Remvikos
- Subjects
sustainability ,urban planning ,land use ,social learning ,health impact assessment ,equity in health ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Health Impact Assessments (HIA), promoted by WHO, are generally presented as a process supporting decision-making in favor of health. HIA differs from other forms of policy assessments as it relies on core values among which democracy, equity and sustainable development. It is also characterized by a cross-sectional approach based on the diversity of health determinants that are taken into account. Beyond decision-making, we explored the capacity of the HIA process to generate a collective (social) learning among participants. We questioned its ability to facilitate the emergence of a common culture on health, its determinants, and urban planning. Here we report on our experience of an HIA conducted on a large urban project in the west of Paris. We pursued an open approach allowing municipal agents to actively participate in the process, and learn about the project in general, using health as a new lens for the appraisal. The participants, originating from several departments, were involved in collective working sessions. Their contribution was sought for the elaboration of a set of assessment criteria, linking health determinants with the major issues of sustainable development, then focusing on the assessment of the urban project through a global deliberation. At the end of the HIA process, participants were asked to respond to a survey regarding their opinion on the whole process and the benefits they perceived. Responses seem in support of the relevance of our approach, favoring the participants’ engagement and allowing them to widen their perspectives, beyond their usual field of competences. The HIA process, which included municipal agents, and the discussion that was generated throughout, were perceived as a means to objectivize and federate opinions on issues that are not, or seldom, considered explicitly by urban planners.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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22. The importance of population heterogeneities in detecting social learning as the foundation of animal cultural transmission
- Author
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Sabine Nöbel, Xiaobo Wang, Laurine Talvard, Juliette Tariel, Maëva Lille, Julien Cucherousset, Myriam Roussigné, Etienne Danchin, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
- Subjects
Male ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Reproduction ,General Medicine ,Mating Preference, Animal ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cyprinodontiformes ,social learning ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,personality ,[SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology ,Animals ,Gambusia holbrooki ,mosquitofish ,Female ,mate copying ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
High levels of within-population behavioural variation can have drastic demographic consequences, thus changing the evolutionary fate of populations. A major source of within-population heterogeneity is personality. Nonetheless, it is still relatively rarely accounted for in social learning studies that constitute the most basic process of cultural transmission. Here, we performed in female mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) a social learning experiment in the context of mate choice, a situation called mate copying (MC), and for which there is strong evidence that it can lead to the emergence of persistent traditions of preferring a given male phenotype. When accounting for the global tendency of females to prefer larger males but ignoring differences in personality, we detected no evidence for MC. However, when accounting for the bold–shy dichotomy, we found that bold females did not show any evidence for MC, while shy females showed significant amounts of MC. This illustrates how the presence of variation in personality can hamper our capacity to detect MC. We conclude that MC may be more widespread than we thought because many studies ignored the presence of within-population heterogeneities.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Expérimentation d'une évaluation des impacts sur la santé comme vecteur d'un apprentissage collectif des liens entre santé, développement durable et urbanisme.
- Author
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LEGENDRE, ANNE-LAURE, COMBES, BENJAMIN, VERSTRAETEN, JOHAN, and REMVIKOS, YORGHOS
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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24. Analyser automatiquement les signaux de l’enseignement : Une approche d’apprentissage social fondée sur les preuves
- Author
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Laurent, Romain, Dessus, Philippe, Vaufreydaz, Dominique, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Apprentissages en Contexte (LaRAC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Multimodal Perception and Sociable Interaction (M-PSI), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Idex Formation, ANR-15-IDEX-0002,UGA,IDEX UGA(2015), Dessus, Philippe, and IDEX UGA - - UGA2015 - ANR-15-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID
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Machine Learning ,Éducation fondée sur les preuves ,Pédagogie ,Signal Processing and Analysis ,Pedagogy ,Apprentissage social ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,Evidence-based Education ,Apprentissage machine ,Traitement et analyse du signal ,Social Learning - Abstract
Recent advances in signal processing and analysis have made it possible to create new ways of instrumenting the observation and the analysis of educational events, and thus to gather new kinds of evidence on teaching and learning practice. This article identifies some of these, based on a “social learning” framework, which posits that pedagogy is a social activity embedded in everyday life, and relies on certain innate human capacities., Analyser automatiquement les signaux de l'enseignement : une approche d'apprentissage social fondée sur les preuves Résumé : Les récentes avancées en traitement et analyse du signal ont permis de créer de nouvelles manières d'instrumenter l'observation et l'analyse des événements scolaires, et donc de recueillir de nouveaux types de preuves des pratiques d'enseignement ou d'apprentissage. Cet article en recense certains en se fondant sur le cadre d'analyse de l'apprentissage social, posant que la pédagogie est une activité sociale intégrée à la vie de tous les jours, et reposant sur certaines capacités humaines innées.
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- 2022
25. Soutenir le changement institutionnel en agriculture avec l'artefact médiateur 'qualité' : le cas d'une démarche collective de transition agroécologique
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Milou, Catherine and STAR, ABES
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Légumineuses ,Valeurs sociales ,Social learning ,Collective deliberation ,Apprentissage social ,Social values ,[SDV.SA.AEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,Délibération collective ,Agroécologie ,Legumes ,Institutionalism ,Institutionnalisme ,Agroecology - Abstract
The agroecological transition advocated by public policies in France constitutes the starting point of the questioning developed in this PhD dissertation. Our work focuses more specifically on a public device that aims to stimulate collective agroecological projects developed by farmers and partner organizations on territorial level, the Group of Economic and Environmental Interest (GIEE). In our case, a cooperative has initiated such a collective action aiming the development of pulses, whose agronomic, environmental and food advantages fully correspond to objectives of the agroecological transition. The case study examines the role of social interactions in updating the actors’ thinking and acting modes as they are required by the agroecological transition. This transition is understood here as an institutional change. Following the work recently developed in the field of deliberative economics, the thesis examines the power of collective deliberation to provoke this actualization by eliciting expression of values. The originality of the thesis is to mobilize research developed in the field of historical-cultural psychology which shows that human beings have the capacity to overcome the disturbances encountered in their activity and to maintain a new relationship with this by using a mediating artifact. A specific artifact, the concept of quality, was thus mobilized in collective deliberations carried out with farmers belonging to three GIEE and consumers about a number of characteristics of pulses., La transition agroécologique prônée par les politiques publiques en France constitue le point de départ du questionnement développé dans la thèse. Nous focalisons notre attention sur un dispositif public qui vise à stimuler les projets agroécologiques collectifs mis en œuvre par des agriculteurs et des organisations partenaires à l’échelle territoriale, le Groupe environnemental d’intérêt économique et environnemental (GIEE). Le cas d’étude concerne une coopérative qui a eu recours à un tel dispositif dans le cadre du développement de légumes secs, dont les intérêts agronomiques, environnementaux et alimentaires les inscrivent pleinement dans les perspectives de transition agroécologique. À travers ce cas, nous examinons le rôle des interactions sociales dans l’actualisation des modes d’agir et de penser d’acteurs requise dans la transition agroécologique, appréhendée ici comme un changement institutionnel. Dans le prolongement des travaux développés dans le champ de l’économie délibérative, nous nous intéressons aux potentialités de la délibération collective pour provoquer cette actualisation en suscitant l’expression de valeurs. L’originalité de la thèse est de recourir aux apports de la psychologie historico-culturelle, qui montrent que les êtres humains disposent de la capacité à surmonter les perturbations rencontrées dans leur activité et à entretenir un nouveau rapport avec elle en faisant intervenir un artefact médiateur. Un artefact spécifique, le concept de qualité, a ainsi été mobilisé dans des délibérations collectives menées avec des agriculteurs de trois GIEE de la coopérative et des consommateurs.
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- 2022
26. Social learning in bonobos: Learning of individual food preferences and copying despite better knowledge
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Gladez Shorland, Emilie Genty, and Klaus Zuberbühler
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social learning ,Pan paniscus ,food choice ,food preference ,bonobo ,Science ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Over the past few decades there has been a growing interest into social learning in animals. The importance of social influence on food choice has been demonstrated across a number of species including humans. Many more recent studies into social learning and conformity have looked into the influence of group social norms on the behaviour of individuals and it’s relevance in cultural evolution. The present study’s primary aim was to investigate bonobos’ capacity for social learning of food preferences from one or two demonstrators. We first wished to test whether bonobos in a captive social group could learn a food colour preference through mere observation of two conspecific demonstrators and the time-scale required for such learning. Secondly, we wished to investigate how these same individuals would perform in a reverse social learning task with one of the same demonstrators. In order to manipulate the demonstrators’ food preferences we used pink and blue artificial colouring and sweetening or bittering agents. In experiment 1, the ‘simple social learning’ task, two demonstrators consistently made a biased food colour choice (pink) in front of the subjects who were subsequently presented with the two, coloured, but palatable food items to choose from. In experiment 2, the ‘reverse social learning’ task, we used just one of the two demonstrators who consistently made the opposite colour choice (blue) with a different food type. Having observed the demonstrator, the subjects were tested once again. Overall, in the ‘simple social learning’ task, subjects preferentially chose the colour most consumed by the demonstrators (pink). In the ‘reverse social learning’ task, subjects preferentially chose the colour most consumed by the demonstrator (blue), but only after the additional 4 days of exposure. The results from experiment 1 followed our predictions and are in accordance with the literature on social learning and social facilitation of acceptance of novel foods. The results from experiment 2 showed that longer exposure was necessary in order to achieve a similar result, indicating that the ‘reverse social learning’ task was more difficult for the bonobos to manage. This corresponds nicely with previous studies of bonobos in which experimental paradigms were reversed. Furthermore, and perhaps of more interest is the fact that despite gaining knowledge that both colours were palatable during testing, subjects chose to eat more of the food consumed by the demonstrator. We discuss these findings in light of previous studies and considering influential factors such as the social status of the demonstrator.
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- 2015
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27. COMMENT ARTICULER LES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET LES SCIENCES SOCIALES À PROPOS DES RELATIONS HUMAINS / ANIMAUX ? UN MODÈLE INTERACTIONNISTE ET ÉVOLUTIONNISTE.
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CLAIDIÈRE, Nicolas and GUILLO, Dominique
- Abstract
Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
28. LES RECHERCHES ÉTHOLOGIQUES RÉCENTES SUR LES PHÉNOMÈNES SOCIO-CULTURELS DANS LE MONDE ANIMAL : UN REGARD RENOUVELÉ EN PROFONDEUR.
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GUILLO, Dominique
- Abstract
Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Assessing the Role of Socio-Ecological Learning in Participatory Governance: Building Resilience in Six Brazilian River Basin Committees
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Anne Browning-Aiken, Márcio Claudio Cardoso da Silva, José Antonio Silvestre Fernandes Neto, and Daniel da Silva
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social learning ,socio-ecological system ,participatory governance ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Brazil has embedded the socio-ecological learning process in the participatory management of river basin councils through its “sister laws” on water and the environment. GTHIDRO or, Grupo Transdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Governança da Água e do Território/Tecnologias Sociais para a Gestão da Água (TSGA), a transdisciplinary group of researchers at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, took these laws and developed new interpretations of socio-ecological learning. They incorporated an ethical component and a dynamic and complex program of participatory “cycles of learning” that brought committees and communities to a common understanding of socio-ecological processes, laws, and potential for collective action. Using resilience theory as a framework for understanding how to sustain and enhance adaptive capacity (Folke et al., 2002), this paper analyzes the processes of socio-ecological learning, including focus groups, physical dynamics that blend the conceptual with the physical, visioning, socio-ecological mapping, project planning and community celebrations through interviews, meeting notes, and written documents of the six case studies. The potential for socio-ecological learning as a tool for building the capacity of basin committees (Turvo, Ermo, Nova Veneza, Orleans e Braço do Norte in the southern part of the state, Urubici in the mountainous region, and Concordia in the middle eastern part) to plan and implement projects is substantiated as an important tool for building the resilience of the combined systems. The case studies indicate that their greatest achievement is the Strategic Planning Model for Sustainable Development, entitled PEDS, which diagrams how to improve the management core group’s capacity to plan and implement projects of their own design, using strategies they have learned and networks they have established in their watershed and state. While the potential for conflict over water and energy between the various economic sectors is strong in Brazil and elsewhere, with the GTHIDRO model the potential for collaboration on resource issues becomes even stronger. Observação dos Editores: O artigo foi publicado online em 16 de julho de 2014. Em 30 de julho de 2014, o arquivo foi substituído para inclusão de nomes de coautores.
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- 2014
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30. Beyond social learning
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Pieter van den Berg, Guillaume Isabel, Thom Scott-Phillips, Edwin J. C. Van Leeuwen, Monica Tamariz, Alberto Acerbi, Christine A. Caldwell, Manvir Singh, Etienne Danchin, Maxime Derex, Lucas Molleman, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Brunel University London [Uxbridge], University of Stirling, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Antwerp (UA), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), DSR-SCD-UT1C, Service Publications, and Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives - - CHESS2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0010 - EURE - VALID
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adaptation ,cultural evolution ,culture ,cumulative culture ,mechanism ,social learning ,Humans ,Cultural Evolution ,Social Learning ,Big Five personality traits and culture ,Affect (psychology) ,Biochemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sociology ,Sociocultural evolution ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Biology ,B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE ,030304 developmental biology ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,0303 health sciences ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Mechanism (biology) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,[SCCO] Cognitive science ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Social learning ,Epistemology ,Part II: Unravelling the Mechanisms Underlying Cultural Evolution ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Human medicine ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Explanatory power ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Theme (narrative) ,Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) - Abstract
One contribution of 15 to a theme issue ‘Foundations of cultural evolution’ compiled and edited by Eva Boon, Lucas Molleman, Pieter van den Berg and Franz J. Weissing. © 2021 The Author(s). Cultural evolution requires the social transmission of information. For this reason, scholars have emphasized social learning when explaining how and why culture evolves. Yet cultural evolution results from many mechanisms operating in concert. Here, we argue that the emphasis on social learning has distracted scholars from appreciating both the full range of mechanisms contributing to cultural evolution and how interactions among those mechanisms and other factors affect the output of cultural evolution. We examine understudied mechanisms and other factors and call for a more inclusive programme of investigation that probes multiple levels of the organization, spanning the neural, cognitive-behavioural and populational levels. To guide our discussion, we focus on factors involved in three core topics of cultural evolution: the emergence of culture, the emergence of cumulative cultural evolution and the design of cultural traits. Studying mechanisms across levels can add explanatory power while revealing gaps and misconceptions in our knowledge. ANR Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse funding (grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d'Avenir program)); European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant (No. 648841 RATCHETCOG). European Research Council, under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP'l/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 609819 (Somics project); European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 748310).
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- 2021
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31. Apprentissage à partir de modèles inter et intraspécifique de l'utilisation d'un outil : une étude comparative entre enfants humains et calopsittes
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Tran, Thuy Tuong Uyen, Laboratoire Éthologie Cognition Développement (LECD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Université de Nanterre - Paris X, Rana Esseily, and Dalila Bovet
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Adultes ,Social learning ,Apprentissage social ,Preschool children ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Interspecific models ,Calopsittes élégantes ,Adults ,Modèles interspécifiques ,Cockatiels ,Comparative study ,Étude comparative ,Enfants préscolaires - Abstract
Social learning is an important ability for the adaptation of individuals to their environment. To ensure that they are learning from trustworthy information, individuals need to know how to select a good demonstrator. Literature shows that learners use different social criteria to select a good model (such as age, sex or familiarity), and that they tend to learn more from those who belong to the same social group as them. However, there is still currently little knowledge about the role of the demonstrator in social categorization and learning, which is the point of interest of our study. We tried to test the role of the model’s species in this context, by comparing the interspecific learning of two models: the human model (4-year-old children and adults) and the bird model (cockatiels). We used mutual exclusivity, which is the propensity to attribute a unique function to a tool, as a methodological tool to study learning, and we also used human, bird and dog demonstrations on a video support to show different tools’ function. The results showed mutual exclusivity in 4-year-old children when they watched live demonstrations, which replicated Peto’s et al. study (2018). The children who watched video demonstrations did not show that phenomenon, and similarly for the human adults and cockatiels. Thus, this study confirmed the results of Peto et al. (2018), and furthermore gave methodological knowledge on mutual exclusivity and interspecific learning in human and bird models.; L’apprentissage social est une capacité importante pour l’adaptation des individus à leur environnement. Pour assurer l’apprentissage d’informations fiables, les individus doivent savoir sélectionner un bon démonstrateur. La littérature montre que les apprenants utilisent différents critères sociaux pour sélectionner un bon modèle (comme l’âge, le sexe ou la familiarité), et qu’ils ont tendance à apprendre plus de ceux qui appartiennent au même groupe social qu’eux. Cependant, il y a encore peu de connaissances à l’heure actuelle sur le rôle que joue l’espèce du démonstrateur dans la catégorisation et l’apprentissage social, ce qui va être l’intérêt de notre étude. Nous avons cherché à tester le rôle de l’espèce du modèle dans ce contexte, et ce en comparant l’apprentissage interspécifique de deux modèles : le modèle humain (enfants de 4 ans et adultes) et le modèle oiseau (calopsittes élégantes). Nous avons pour cela utilisé l’exclusivité mutuelle, qui est la tendance à attribuer une fonction unique à un outil, comme outil méthodologique pour étudier l’apprentissage, ainsi que des démonstrations de modèles humain, oiseau ou chien par support vidéo pour montrer la fonction de différents outils. Les résultats ont montré de l’exclusivité mutuelle chez les enfants de 4 ans lorsqu’ils regardaient des démonstrations en live, répliquant ainsi l’étude Peto et al. (2018). Les enfants ayant visionné des démonstrations par vidéo n’ont pas montré ce phénomène, et il en est de même pour les humains adultes et les calopsittes. Cette étude a ainsi permis de confirmer les résultats de l’étude de Peto et al. (2018), et a de plus apporté des connaissances méthodologiques sur l’exclusivité mutuelle et l’apprentissage interspécifique chez des modèles humains et oiseaux.
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- 2021
32. Modalités d’expression de la géophagie et mise en évidence de son rôle dans l’écologie alimentaire du singe laineux à queue jaune du Pérou (Lagothrix flavicauda ;Humboldt, 1812): Geophagy behaviors and their role in the feeding ecology of the Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda ;Humboldt, 1812)
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Fack, Vinciane, Vercauteren, Martine, Meunier, Hélène, Deneubourg, Jean-Louis, de Biseau D'Hauteville, Jean-Christophe, Stevens, Jeroen, and Krief, Sabrina
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Social learning ,La Esperanza ,Clay ,Camera trap ,Biologie ,Atelidae ,Earth consumption ,Diet - Abstract
La géophagie désigne l’ingestion volontaire de terre et est répandue à travers le règne animal, l’Homme inclus. Cette large distribution souligne la longue histoire évolutive du comportement et suggère que la terre ingérée confèrerait des bénéfices adaptatifs aux consommateurs. L’Homme possède une longue histoire de la géophagie. Depuis deux dizaines d’années, la géophagie chez les primates non-humains connaît un intérêt scientifique croissant. Elle a été observée chez 27% des espèces de primates reconnues actuellement. Deux hypothèses majeures expliqueraient la géophagie chez les primates :la supplémentation et la protection. Dans le premier cas, la terre ingérée procurerait des éléments essentiels que l’individu ne trouve pas dans d’autres ressources. Dans le second cas, la terre consommée protègerait son tractus gastro-intestinal contre les endoparasites et/ou contre les effets néfastes des composés secondaires contenus dans les items végétaux ingérés. Toutefois, le manque de recherches multidisciplinaires ne facilite pas la compréhension du comportement et de son rôle chez les primates. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la géophagie chez le singe laineux à queue jaune (Lagothrix flavicauda), espèce pour laquelle ce comportement n’avait pas encore été décrit. C’est un des plus grands et un des plus rares primates néo-tropicaux. Ce primate peu étudié est endémique du Pérou et en Danger Critique d’extinction. Il est arboricole et principalement frugivore. Un groupe de singes habitués à la présence de chercheurs a été suivi au site d’étude de La Esperanza, afin de dresser les premières caractéristiques de la géophagie (Chap. 4) :i) toutes les classes d’individus (âge/sexe) consomment de la terre ii) en de rares et brefs événements (15 ± 9 secondes), iii) principalement pendant la saison sèche. Les singes semblent développer des stratégies pour gérer les risques de prédation liés à la terrestrialité qu’implique la géophagie :ils sélectionnent les sites de géophagie selon des paramètres qui pourraient promouvoir leur sécurité ;ils sont plus vigilants ;ils consomment souvent de la terre ex situ, sur une haute branche. La géophagie nécessite donc acquisition de connaissances particulières et nos observations mettent en évidence que l’apprentissage débute très tôt dans la vie de l’individu, la mère jouant un rôle crucial dans le processus de transmission du comportement. Ce travail s’est aussi focalisé sur l’échantillonnage et l’analyse de la composition des terres consommées et contrôles (Chap. 5) :la terre ingérée contient plus d’argile et moins d’éléments essentiels (e.g. Ca, Mg, K, Fe), supportant davantage l’hypothèse de protection, l’argile étant connue pour ses propriétés d’adsorption et d’évacuation des toxines. Enfin, les patterns temporels de la consommation de la terre et des items végétaux ont montré que la géophagie est directement associée à l’augmentation de la consommation de feuilles pendant la saison sèche (Chap. 6). Nos résultats suggèrent que ces primates ingèrent de la terre pour se protéger des composés secondaires pouvant être plus abondants dans les feuilles en saison sèche. Cette étude souligne que des données comportementales détaillées ainsi que des recherches comprenant plusieurs axes d’investigation sont essentielles pour comprendre la façon dont les individus acquièrent les connaissances liées à une pratique si rare., Geophagy, i.e. the deliberate ingestion of earth, is largely described across the animal kingdom, including in human and non-human primates. Its widespread distribution highlights its long evolutionary history and its widely hypothesized selective benefits. Humans have a long history of geophagy. Since two decades, scientific interest in non-human primate geophagy is growing. The behavior has been described in 27% of the known primate species. In non-human primates, two major adaptive hypotheses are proposed to explain geophagy. The supplementation one argues that earth provides micronutrients individuals cannot find in their diet. The protection one argues that earth protects the gastrointestinal tract from secondary plant compounds and/or parasites. However, multidisciplinary research is lacking to fully understand the geophagy behavior in primates.I studied the geophagy behavior in the yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), for which there was no earth consumption data. This monkey is one of the largest and rarest neotropical primates but remains little studied. Yellow-tailed woolly monkeys are Critically Endangered and endemic to northern Peru. They are arboreal and have a primarily frugivorous diet. Their simple gastro-intestinal tract makes digestion of cell walls and secondary plant compounds difficult.One habituated group of yellow-tailed woolly monkeys was studied at La Esperanza study site, allowing to provide the first descriptions of (Chap. 4) i) individuals of all age/sex classes consumed earth ii) in rare and very brief events (15 ± 9 seconds), and iii) mainly occurring during dry seasons. We also examined how these arboreal primates deal with the higher predation pressure linked to this terrestrial behavior: yellow-tailed wooly monkeys selected sites according to some parameters that may ensure their safety; they showed increased vigilance; and they often consumed earth ex situ, on a branch. Geophagy therefore requires the acquisition of specific knowledge and our observations show that learning begins very early in the individual's life, the mother playing a crucial role in the behavior transmission process. This research also focused on sampling and analyzing the composition of consumed and control earths (Chap. 5): earth consumed was richer in clay and poorer in micronutrients (e.g. Ca, Mg, K, Fe), better supporting the protection hypothesis, as clay is known to adsorb and evacuate toxins. Finally, temporal patterns of earth and vegetal items consumptions was also examined and showed geophagy was directly associated with the increased leaf consumption during the dry season (Chap. 6) and, through a geophagy day, earth and leaves consumption were synchronized. This study suggests that these primates eat earth to protect themselves against gastro-intestinal disorders caused by an increased ingestion of secondary compounds that might be more abundant in leaves and during the dry season. It also underlines that detailed behavioral data and multiple axed research are necessary to understand how a rare practice implying specific knowledge and aptitudes emerge in the behavioral repertoire of an individual., Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2020
33. Décrochage de l’école secondaire : rôle de la fratrie et effet modérateur des caractéristiques de la dyade
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Poissant-Dolbec, Jacinthe and Dupéré, Véronique
- Subjects
caractéristiques de la dyade ,social learning ,Décrochage scolaire ,fratrie ,High school dropout ,apprentissage social ,adolescence ,dyad characteristics ,siblings - Abstract
Ce projet vise à déterminer si l’association présumée entre l’abandon des études chez les membres de la fratrie et le décrochage scolaire est plus ou moins forte en fonction de trois caractéristiques clés de la dyade, c’est-à-dire selon la correspondance des sexes (dyade de même sexe ou de sexe opposé), l’écart d’âge et le fait d’habiter ensemble ou non, à partir d’un échantillon d’adolescents canadiens (N= 545). Un tiers de l’échantillon est composé d’élèves ayant décroché de l’école secondaire, un second tiers d’élèves appariés ayant un profil semblable à celui des décrocheurs, mais ayant persévéré et d’un troisième tiers d’élèves normatifs. Les résultats montrent que les adolescents ayant un membre de la fratrie qui a décroché ont plus de chance de décrocher eux-mêmes que ceux dont la fratrie ne compte pas de décrocheurs. Cette association est plus forte lorsqu’il s’agit de dyades de mêmes sexes que de sexe opposé. De plus, les participants ayant un membre de leur fratrie décrocheur très proche en âge, c’est-à-dire avec un écart de deux ans et moins, ou assez proche en âge, c’est-à-dire avec un écart d’âge de trois à quatre ans, sont particulièrement à risque de décrocher, alors que les risques ne sont pas significativement plus élevés lorsque l’écart d’âge est plus grand, toujours comparativement à ceux sans décrocheurs au sein de la fratrie. Par contre, les résultats ne suggèrent aucun effet modérateur associé au partage ou non d’une résidence commune. Les implications des résultats pour la pratique et la recherche sont discutées., The goal of this study is to determine whether the sibling dropout-adolescent dropout association depends on three key dyads’ characteristics, including: gender configuration (same-sex or opposite-sex dyad), age difference, and whether the adolescent and his or her dropout sibling live with in the same home or not. The data were collected from a sample of Canadian adolescents (N = 545). One-third of the sample consisted of students who had recently dropped out of high school, one-third were matched students who had a similar profile but persevered, and one-third were normative students not particularly at risk of dropping out. The results of the study show that adolescents with a sibling who has dropped out are more likely to drop out themselves than those with no siblings who have dropped out. This association is stronger when the dyads are of the same sex compared to opposite-sex dyads. In addition, participants who have a dropout sibling very close in age (with a gap of two years or less) or fairly close in age (with a gap of 3 to 4 years, are particularly at risk of dropping out, while the risks are not significantly higher when the age gap is larger, again compared to those without dropout siblings. However, the results do not suggest any moderating effects associated with whether or not a common residence is shared. The results’ implications for practice and research are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
34. Nature and culture intertwined or redefined? On the challenges of cultural primatology and sociocultural anthropology
- Author
-
Gabriela Daly Bezerra de Melo
- Subjects
social learning ,sociocultural anthropology ,cultural primatology ,paradigms ,science studies ,models of tradition ,Science ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The modern categorization also referred to as modern constitution has set Nature and Culture apart as two distinct ontological provinces, separating the pole of human beings and culture from the pole of non-humans and nature. Recent sociocultural anthropology and social studies of science have revisited the historical abyss between Nature and Culture and have shed light on the manifold conceptualizations of both terms across human cultures. For instance, non-Western indigenous relationships between humans and non-human animals have blurred the boundaries of continuity and discontinuity, supporting a hybridization of the modern Nature-Culture poles. Moreover, social studies of science have insisted that scientific practice is permeated by problems that are neither “natural” nor “social” because Nature and Culture become part of the inquiry, not the solution. If any interdisciplinary exchange is to be set in motion between cultural primatology and sociocultural anthropology a re-conceptualization of Nature and Culture should be called for. Whereas cultural primatology traditionally employs paradigms long abandoned by sociocultural anthropology, leading to a simplistic naturalization of culture in the eyes of anthropologists, it can be said that cultural anthropology remains reluctant to engage in dialogue with life sciences, alarmed it might be reduced to them. To this extent, primatological models of culture that emphasize social learning over methods of elimination appear to meet a demand. Nature and Culture have become intertwined, but between an over naturalized culture of primatologists and a super socialized culture of anthropologists lays the challenge of redefining both Nature and Culture.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Class Participation in an Aboriginal Theatre Project: An Exemplar of Undergraduate Student Engagement
- Author
-
Ginny R. Ratsoy
- Subjects
engagement ,aboriginal ,holistic ,community ,experiential learning ,co-curricular service learning ,social learning ,situated learning theory ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
In the 21st Century, Canadian universities are increasingly emphasizing the importance of student engagement. This research paper, by analyzing the reflections of undergraduate students on their experiences in a co-curricular service learning assignment – integrated into a course that included more traditional assignments -in the context of situated learning theory, advocates for a community-focused assignment as a component in a “traditional” lecture-and-discussion based course as a tool for enhanced engagement through active, collaborative learning. While the case study explored is a drama course, the anticipated audience is pan-disciplinary, as the article casts more broadly by providing brief, general guidelines on implementing an experiential learning assignment and encouraging all professors to reflect on their classroom theory and praxis to the end of augmenting student engagement.Au 21e siècle, les universités canadiennes accordent une place de plus en plus importante à l’engagement des étudiants. Les auteurs de ce rapport de recherche analysent les réflexions des étudiants de premier cycle à propos d’un travail pratique (TP) qu’ils ont effectué dans le cadre de l’apprentissage par le service communautaire– intégré à un cours qui comprenait des TP plus traditionnels – dans le contexte de la théorie de l’apprentissage situé. Les auteurs préconisent des TP axés sur la collectivité en tant que composants d’un cours « traditionnel » comportant des exposés magistraux et des discussions. Ce type de TP est un outil permettant d’améliorer l’engagement grâce à l’apprentissage actif et collaboratif. L’étude de cas porte sur un cours d’art dramatique, mais le public visé par le présent article est multidisciplinaire. En effet, les auteurs de l’article considèrent les choses plus largement en fournissant de brèves directives générales sur la mise en œuvre d’un devoir dans le cadre de l’apprentissage expérientiel et encouragent tous les enseignants à réfléchir sur leurs stratégies d’enseignement théoriques et pratiques afin d’augmenter l’engagement des étudiants.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Comparing the imitative skills of children and nonhuman apes
- Author
-
Malinda Carpenter and Josep Call
- Subjects
imitation ,social learning ,apes ,enculturation ,emulation ,shared intentionality ,Science ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
We propose a framework which breaks down the mechanisms of social learning into their four constituent elements: actions, results, goals, and context. We review what is known about the use of each of these elements in children’s and apes’ social learning, with special attention to possible differences among apes with different rearing histories. We conclude that, by 12 months of age, human infants use each of the four elements when interpreting and selectively copying others’ behavior. Apes, on the other hand, appear to focus solely on the results of demonstrations (although there is some suggestive evidence that enculturated apes may copy actions and goals more than other apes). Finally, we show how these (and other related) findings can be explained by uniquely human skills and motivations for shared intentionality.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Mimésis et rituels dans l'anthropologie historique de Gunter Gebauer et de Christoph Wulf.
- Author
-
Jefrey, Denis
- Subjects
ETHNOHISTORY ,MIMESIS ,SOCIAL learning ,MOTION in language ,SOCIOLOGICAL research ,MANNERS & customs ,RITES & ceremonies - Abstract
Copyright of Cahiers de Recherche Sociologique is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Department de Sociologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
38. Revue des modèles en évaluation de formation : approches conceptuelles individuelles et sociales.
- Author
-
Gilibert, D. and Gillet, I.
- Subjects
MATHEMATICAL models of learning ,SELF-efficacy ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,SENTIMENT analysis ,TRAINING ,SOCIAL learning ,STAKEHOLDERS - Abstract
Copyright of Pratiques Psychologiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Contribution to a theorisation of the interrelationships between the practices of "Shared-work" teachers and those of teaching in general.
- Author
-
Marcel, Jean-François and Garcia, Audrey
- Abstract
Copyright of Sciences de l'Education pour l'ere Nouvelle is the property of Universite de Caen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
40. SOURCES DE MATÉRIEL EN FRANÇAIS POUR L'ÉLABORATION D'ÉPREUVES DE COMPÉTENCES EN LECTURE ET EN ÉCRITURE.
- Author
-
Desrochers, Alain and Saint-Aubin, Jean
- Subjects
READING ,WRITING ,LIFE skills ,SOCIAL learning ,SOCIAL skills ,ENCYCLOPEDIAS & dictionaries ,CONDUCT of life ,FRENCH language ,LANGUAGE arts ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
41. Les politiques d'employabilité en Belgique: traitement clinique des chômeurs et traitement statistique du chômage.
- Author
-
Orianne, Jean-François and Conter, Bernard
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,FIGURATIONAL sociology ,SOCIOLOGY of work ,SOCIAL learning ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Recherches Sociologiques et Anthropologiques is the property of Centre Recherches Sociologique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. La nouvelle gouvernance fédérale et les politiques sociales au Canada: leçons des ententes en matière de l'intégration en emploi des personnes ayant des handicaps.
- Author
-
Graefe, Peter and Levesque, Mario
- Subjects
SOCIAL policy ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL cooperation ,SOCIAL integration programs ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,SOCIAL learning ,PUBLIC welfare - Abstract
Copyright of Lien Social et Politiques is the property of Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Du «pas dans ma cour» à l'écocitoyenneté: Opposition aux centrales hydroélectriques privées et projets locaux de société.
- Author
-
Tremblay, François
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,WATER power ,SOCIAL movements ,SOCIAL learning - Abstract
Copyright of Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales is the property of Revue Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Introduction - Mélanges CRAPEL, n° 40/1
- Author
-
Carette, Emmanuelle, Tassinari, Maria Giovanna, Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française (ATILF), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Freie Universität Berlin
- Subjects
social learning ,public self-access centre ,apprentissage social ,Autonomous learning ,Apprentissage en autonomie ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,centre de ressources en libre accès tous publics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,learners’ preferences ,préférences d’apprenants - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
45. Dynamique collective autour de la création de parcours de e-éducation
- Author
-
Gundag, Ozlem, Sorbonne Université - École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Paris (ESPE Paris), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Brigitte Réa
- Subjects
Affordance ,Engagement ,Motivation ,Social learning ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,Espace collaboratif ,Agentivité ,Intelligence collective ,Coopération ,E-éducation - Abstract
Les textes et recommandations officiels soulignent l’importance de développer la culture et les pratiques numériques des enseignants tout en sollicitant, sous une forme injonctive, davantage de travail collaboratif et coopératif au sein de projets collectifs. Des enseignants de disciplines, d’établissements et de niveaux d’enseignement différents se sont engagés dans une démarche de projet pour la création de parcours de e-éducation sur Éléa, une plateforme académique. Mais quels enjeux représente, pour les enseignants, leur engagement dans une dynamique collective autour de la création de parcours de e-éducation ? Soumis à des forces et motivations variées et sensible au sentiment d'efficacité personnel des enseignants, moteur de leur agentivité, cet engagement est essentiel à la réussite du projet. Il se manifeste dans le comportement des acteurs qui interagissent notamment à travers l'usage ou le non-usage des espaces institutionnels en ligne suivant parfois l'affordance de ces derniers. L’approche monographique menée sur le terrain, basée sur une observation participante, puis la réalisation de questionnaires et d'entretiens, nous permettent d'affirmer que les enseignants ne sont pas réticents à s’engager dans un travail collectif et le numérique, bien que sujet à des représentations différentes dans les imaginaires des acteurs, n’est pas le principal frein. Enfin, l'engagement dans un projet collectif peut devenir une opportunité de réaliser empiriquement des apprentissages et il conditionne l’émergence d’une intelligence collective profitable au développement de la professionnalité des enseignants.
- Published
- 2019
46. Mélanges CRAPEL n° 40/1
- Author
-
Carette, Emmanuelle, Tassinari, Maria Giovanna, Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française (ATILF), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Freie Universität Berlin, and CNRS-ATILF
- Subjects
social learning ,public self-access centre ,apprentissage social ,Autonomous learning ,Apprentissage en autonomie ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,centre de ressources en libre accès tous publics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,learners’ preferences ,préférences d’apprenants - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
47. VIEILLIR? CELA S'APPREND! STRATÉGIES ET RÉGULATIONS IDENTITAIRES DE QUELQUES AÎNÉS ACTIFS EN ASSOCIATION.
- Author
-
Castelli, Dolores Angela
- Subjects
AGING ,IDENTITY (Psychology) in old age ,SOCIAL learning ,SOCIAL conditions of older people ,OLDER people physiology ,SOCIAL context ,SOCIALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
48. Exploration of the performance of the governance of small-scale fisheries in the South Pacific through action research
- Author
-
Léopold, Marc, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, Olivier Thébaud, Anthony Trevor Charles, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STAR, ABES, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Institutional change ,Cogestion ,Co-management ,Adaptive experimentation ,Social learning ,Apprentissage social ,Expérimentation adaptative ,Expérimentation adaptative recherche transdisciplinaire ,[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Transdisciplinary research ,Changement institutionnel - Abstract
This work is a contribution for elaborating a research framework for the study of institutional development for the comanagement of common fishery resources. Indeed this governance mode is marginally being used worldwide despite its positive impacts that have been proved in a large number of concrete cases.Specifically the thesis examines the performance of the governance of small-scale fishery through an empirical and inductive approach of institutional economics. Our action research framework guided interventions of public fishery policy on the management of overexploited marine resources in several case studies in New Caledonia and Vanuatu (South Pacific) between 2008 and 2016.Those cases corresponded to different contexts and temporal and spatial scales. The thesis is supported i) by a theoretical causal model of the effects of this kind of intervention on institutional change in smallscale fisheries, and ii) by an evaluation grid of the dynamics of institutional development in the case studies. It analytically and practically explores the process of adaptive experimentation of co-management development in reallife conditions. Academic and non academic knowledge on small-scale fisheries and the learning through shared governance is mobilized.Results show that spatial, multi-scale management of reef fisheries through temporary openings and closures of fishing is a way to combine community-based management and government intervention that is relevant for a number of single- and multi-species fisheries in the South Pacific. Four key processes that drive the economic performance of fishery co-management regimes are highlighted, namely individual learning of systemic processes, collective learning, homogenization of actors’ strategies, and building of capacity for action.These processes are interdependent following their own temporality in response to multiple stresses and fishery contingencies, that determine the initial conditions of the interventions in particular. By explicitly taking into account sustainability problems of smallscale fisheries at both the national and the local, operational levels, our researchframework proposes truly transdisciplinary research guidelines on the co-management of small-scale fisheries and on its capacity for addressing sustainability challenges more efficiently., Notre travail est une contribution à l’élaboration d’un cadre de recherche pour étudier le développement institutionnel pour la cogestion des ressources halieutiques communes, qui reste un mode de gouvernance minoritaire à l’échelle mondiale malgré ses impacts positifs démontrés dans de nombreux cas concrets. Spécifiquement, la thèse examine la performance de la gouvernance de petites pêcheries suivant une approche empirique et inductive d’économie institutionnelle. Notre démarche de recherche-action a accompagné des interventions de politiques publiques des pêches sur la gestion de ressources récifales surexploitées dans plusieurs cas d’étude en Nouvelle-Calédonie et au Vanuatu (Pacifique sud) entre 2008 et 2016. Ces cas correspondaient à des contextes et des échelles spatiales et temporelles variables. La thèse s’appuie sur un modèle causal théorique des effets de ce type d’intervention sur le changement institutionnel dans les petites pêcheries, et sur une grille d’évaluation de la dynamique du développement institutionnel dans les cas d’étude. Elle propose une exploration à la fois analytique et pratique de l’expérimentation adaptative du développement de systèmes de cogestion en conditions réelles. Différentes sources de connaissances, académiques et non académiques, sont mobilisées, sur les petites pêcheries et sur l’apprentissage de leur gouvernance partagée. Les résultats montrent que la gestion spatialisée et multiéchelle des pêcheries récifales par cycles de fermetures et d’ouvertures temporaires de la pêche constitue une forme d’hybridation de la gestion communautaire et de l’intervention gouvernementale, adaptée à de nombreuses pêcheries mono ou plurispécifiques du Pacifique sud. Quatre processus clés soustendant la performance économique des régimes de cogestion des pêcheries étudiées sont mis en évidence : l’apprentissage individuel des processus systémiques, l’apprentissage collectif, l’homogénéisation des stratégies des acteurs, et le renforcement des capacités d’action. Ces processus opèrent de manière interdépendante et selon leur propre temporalité, en réponse aux aléas et aux contingences des pêcheries, qui déterminent notamment les conditions initiales des interventions. En abordant explicitement les questions de durabilité des petites pêcheries à l’échelle nationale et en même temps à l’échelle locale opérationnelle de gestion, la démarche de recherche adoptée propose des pistes de recherches effectivement transdisciplinaires sur la cogestion des petites pêcheries et sur ses capacités à mieux répondre aux enjeux de durabilité.
- Published
- 2018
49. Exploration de la performance de la gouvernance des petites pêcheries du Pacifique Sud par une démarche de recherche-action
- Author
-
Léopold, Marc
- Subjects
RECHERCHE DEVELOPPEMENT ,Co-management ,INNOVATION ,TRANSFERT D'ECHELLE ,Expérimentation adaptative ,Expérimentation adaptative recherche transdisciplinaire ,RECHERCHE ACTION ,EPISTEMOLOGIE ,ECONOMIE DES PECHES ,Apprentissage social ,RECHERCHE PLURIDISCIPLINAIRE ,EXPERIMENTATION ,ANALYSE SYSTEMIQUE ,PECHE ARTISANALE ,Transdisciplinary research ,Institutional change ,RESSOURCES HALIEUTIQUES ,Social learning ,GESTION DES PECHES ,INSTITUTION POLITIQUE ,MODELISATION ,GOUVERNANCE ,Cogestion ,Adaptive experimentation ,CHANGEMENT SOCIAL ,Changement institutionnel - Abstract
This work is a contribution for elaborating a research framework for the study of institutional development for the comanagement of common fishery resources. Indeed this governance mode is marginally being used worldwide despite its positive impacts that have been proved in a large number of concrete cases.Specifically the thesis examines the performance of the governance of small-scale fishery through an empirical and inductive approach of institutional economics. Our action research framework guided interventions of public fishery policy on the management of overexploited marine resources in several case studies in New Caledonia and Vanuatu (South Pacific) between 2008 and 2016.Those cases corresponded to different contexts and temporal and spatial scales. The thesis is supported i) by a theoretical causal model of the effects of this kind of intervention on institutional change in smallscale fisheries, and ii) by an evaluation grid of the dynamics of institutional development in the case studies. It analytically and practically explores the process of adaptive experimentation of co-management development in reallife conditions. Academic and non academic knowledge on small-scale fisheries and the learning through shared governance is mobilized.Results show that spatial, multi-scale management of reef fisheries through temporary openings and closures of fishing is a way to combine community-based management and government intervention that is relevant for a number of single- and multi-species fisheries in the South Pacific. Four key processes that drive the economic performance of fishery co-management regimes are highlighted, namely individual learning of systemic processes, collective learning, homogenization of actors’ strategies, and building of capacity for action.These processes are interdependent following their own temporality in response to multiple stresses and fishery contingencies, that determine the initial conditions of the interventions in particular. By explicitly taking into account sustainability problems of smallscale fisheries at both the national and the local, operational levels, our researchframework proposes truly transdisciplinary research guidelines on the co-management of small-scale fisheries and on its capacity for addressing sustainability challenges more efficiently., Notre travail est une contribution à l’élaboration d’un cadre de recherche pour étudier le développement institutionnel pour la cogestion des ressources halieutiques communes, qui reste un mode de gouvernance minoritaire à l’échelle mondiale malgré ses impacts positifs démontrés dans de nombreux cas concrets. Spécifiquement, la thèse examine la performance de la gouvernance de petites pêcheries suivant une approche empirique et inductive d’économie institutionnelle. Notre démarche de recherche-action a accompagné des interventions de politiques publiques des pêches sur la gestion de ressources récifales surexploitées dans plusieurs cas d’étude en Nouvelle-Calédonie et au Vanuatu (Pacifique sud) entre 2008 et 2016. Ces cas correspondaient à des contextes et des échelles spatiales et temporelles variables. La thèse s’appuie sur un modèle causal théorique des effets de ce type d’intervention sur le changement institutionnel dans les petites pêcheries, et sur une grille d’évaluation de la dynamique du développement institutionnel dans les cas d’étude. Elle propose une exploration à la fois analytique et pratique de l’expérimentation adaptative du développement de systèmes de cogestion en conditions réelles. Différentes sources de connaissances, académiques et non académiques, sont mobilisées, sur les petites pêcheries et sur l’apprentissage de leur gouvernance partagée. Les résultats montrent que la gestion spatialisée et multiéchelle des pêcheries récifales par cycles de fermetures et d’ouvertures temporaires de la pêche constitue une forme d’hybridation de la gestion communautaire et de l’intervention gouvernementale, adaptée à de nombreuses pêcheries mono ou plurispécifiques du Pacifique sud. Quatre processus clés soustendant la performance économique des régimes de cogestion des pêcheries étudiées sont mis en évidence : l’apprentissage individuel des processus systémiques, l’apprentissage collectif, l’homogénéisation des stratégies des acteurs, et le renforcement des capacités d’action. Ces processus opèrent de manière interdépendante et selon leur propre temporalité, en réponse aux aléas et aux contingences des pêcheries, qui déterminent notamment les conditions initiales des interventions. En abordant explicitement les questions de durabilité des petites pêcheries à l’échelle nationale et en même temps à l’échelle locale opérationnelle de gestion, la démarche de recherche adoptée propose des pistes de recherches effectivement transdisciplinaires sur la cogestion des petites pêcheries et sur ses capacités à mieux répondre aux enjeux de durabilité.
- Published
- 2018
50. LUTTE CONTRE L'ÉCHEC SCOLAIRE : L'APPRENTISSAGE SOCIO-COGNITIF PAR OBSERVATION (ASCO).
- Author
-
Nguéhan, Siméon Boris
- Subjects
- *
SCHOOL failure , *AT-risk students , *SOCIALIZATION , *EDUCATION , *SOCIAL processes , *SOCIAL learning , *TEACHERS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article focuses on the challenges of governments, schools and educators to reduce the problem of “school failure” in poor and developing countries. This problem is viewed as persistent in poor countries. The use of Social Learning Theory, (SLT) is discussed. The author points to the importance of teacher success as a model to inspire students to learn.
- Published
- 2007
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