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Autonomy has long been considered an individual objective of operators, but collective autonomy is increasingly becoming an objective of managers and directors in order to deal with the challenges of competitiveness. Organisations centred on the principle of autonomy are developing in the home help sector, especially through the activity of staff scheduling, i.e. the design of work schedules, the scope most often allowed for the development of home worker autonomy. The article proposes a comparative analysis of three feedbacks on the implementation of socalled autonomous teams in this sector. Together with an analysis of activity and empowerment processes, the aim of this article is to anchor the issue of autonomy in work practices - to analyse how, here in the field of scheduling, activities and strategies develop on the basis of the resources made available. In this context, home helpers construct a collective and negotiated schedule. Yet this articulation work does not always suffice to design acceptable and accepted schedules. The contrast between the results obtained in different organisations shows that autonomy is by no means a foregone conclusion and must be built dynamically and within a favourable technical and social environment, in which managers have an essential role to play, even though they themselves are affected by a change in their role and their managerial practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of work schedules, also known as personnel scheduling, raises several economic, commercial and social issues. In particular, it represents a lever for building satisfactory working conditions. Instead of focusing on the impacts of absenteeism on the activity of agents present at work, as frequently discussed in the ergonomic literature, the purpose of this article is to present the activity of designing these work schedules, i.e. that of schedulers in a large railway company in a context of increased flexibility and competitiveness. Based on the analysis of their activity, we show how schedulers develop a work of articulation both between the different actors concerned by the schedules, and between the different dimensions of production (economic, commercial, social, etc.) in order to build acceptable and accepted schedules. This articulation work thus constitutes a lever for managing absenteeism and for preventing health problems among the operators in question. At the same time, these regulations are compared with the management indicator used by the organization to report on this scheduling activity. The contrast between the activity analyses and those resulting from the monitoring indicators set up within the unit shows that these links are often hidden and can be inconsistent with management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding mobility, whether physical in the spatial sense or virtual in the web navigation sense, raises many challenges in terms of monitoring individuals, spatial planning or activity recommendations. Having access today to many resources on the contextual nature of this mobility, one of the current concerns is to succeed in identifying groups of similar individuals with regard to their mobility. To do this, we propose a semantic trajectory model enriched by ontologies at the level of contextual data and allowing us to calculate the similarity between each episode of individual mobility. Subsequently, an editing distance is used to evaluate in a fine and contextual way the similarity between two sequences from a semantic point of view at the trajectory level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of water temperature on diurnal variations of swim performances. Methods: Fifteen swimmer physical education students performed six test sessions scheduled at 07:00 and 17:00h on separate days at different temperature of water: 30°, 28° and 26°C. On test days, the subjects were measured for rest oral temperature and they then performed propulsion test, 10m and 25m crawl. Results: The results showed a time-of-day effect on core temperature, which was significantly (F=395.01; P <0.001) higher in the afternoon than in the morning. The performances of propulsion, 10m and 25m crawl, were significantly (F 1,13 =36.60, P <0.001; F 1,13 =10.40, P <0.01; F 1,13 =11.15, p <0.01 respectively) higher in the evening than in the morning. However, increasing temperature of water affects the diurnal variation of the swim performances. In fact, at 30°C, the performances of propulsion, 10 and 25m crawl did not show any significant daytime variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]