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Knjigu Mudrih izreka potpisuju dva despota, dva kralja. Prvi je veličanstveni Salomon, drugi je njegov oponašatelj Ezekija. Obojica su veliki izraelski kraljevi, ali s nerazmjerno raspoređenim dobrima. Kralj Salomon naslijedio je bogatstvo i velik teritorij svojeg oca Davida pa je tako na živoj kosti kraljevstva hranio zdravo mesoblagostanja, razvijajući mu prepoznatljivu i izraženu vanjsku formu. Za razliku odn njega, kralj Ezekija naslijedio je loše materijalno, društveno i duhovno stanje svojeg kraljevstva. Ta nekada kraljevska živa kost rasušila se poput spaljena drva pa su posljedično i sve Ezekijine reforme, koje je gorljivo provodio, samo pokušaj oživotvorenja dobrano obamrlih stanica kraljevstva. Upravo prema toj dvojici kraljeva i podijeljena je Knjiga Mudrih Izreka na Salomonov ciklus blagostanja ili prvi blok 1–24 i Ezekijin ciklus nemira ili drugi blok 25–30, a posljednje poglavlje 31 zajednički je zaključak je jednog i drugog ciklusa. Dok se u Salomonovu ciklusu kraljevstvo gradi, u Ezekijinu se razgrađuje, dok u prvom kralj sluša i prihvaća mudre pouke i opomene svojeg savjetodavstva, u drugom podliježe iskvarenim savjetima laskavaca. Tako je u prvom bloku kralj izrazito pozitivan, dok je u drugom krajnje negativan. U konačnici, savjetodavne opomene glavni su movens kralja u Knjizi Mudrih izreka jer dok se god njima vodi, kraljevstvo napreduje. Onoga časa kada ih stane odbacivati ili kategorički mijenjati lažnim savjetima, kraljevstvo propada. Stabilno i mirnodopsko stanje idealna je proplazma naprednog kraljevstva koje se itekako ogleda u prvom bloku Knjige Mudrih izreka 1–24, dok se u drugom bloku 25–30 uz bezboštvo kralja vezuju ne samo narušeni međuljudski odnosi nego i otvorene netrpeljivosti koje su gore od rata.

U ovom radu autor predstavlja pravila o ratovanju koja se nalaze u Zakonu o kralju, dijelu kumranskoga dokumenta 11Q19, poznatoga pod imenom Hramski svitak. Zakon o kralju donosi sve osnovne propise koji se tiču uspostave institucije kralja u Izraelu, a najveći dio tih propisa govori o kraljevim obvezama na vojnom području. Rad je, uz uvod i zaključak, artikuliran u pet dijelova različitog opsega. U prvom dijelu riječ je o organizaciji vojske koja je sastavljana od svih vojno sposobnih muškaraca, među kojima kralj bira ljude i za svoju posebnu osobnu stražu. Potom se donose pravila ratovanja koja ponajviše govore o tome koliki dio vojske kralj može povesti sa sobom u obrambeni i napadački rat. Usto se donose i pravila za podjelu plijena u slučaju pobjede kao i razlozi i posljedice mogućeg ratnog poraza. U trećem dijelu iznose se razlozi i opravdanja za obrambeni i napadački rat iz kojih je razvidno kako je obrambeni rat uvijek opravdan, dok je za napadački rat potrebno božansko odobrenje. Nakon predstavljanja pravila ratovanja u Zakonu o kralju, u četvrtom se dijelu rada ukratko opisuje mogući povijesni kontekst nastanka toga dokumenta. Na kraju, u posljednjem dijelu rada, stvarnost i opravdanost rata u Hramskom svitaku uspoređuje se s naukom Katoličke crkve te sa stavovima sukobljenih strana u aktualnom ratu u Ukrajini.

Aktualna situacija rata u Ukrajini poticaj je za promišljanje o smislu i besmislu rata. Utemeljujući svoje promišljanje na starozavjetnoj tradiciji, pretežito onoj proročkoj, autor donosi biblijsko-teološki uvid u koncept rata i mira. Čitajući proročke tekstove lako je prepoznati one koji u kontekstu rata spominju eshatološko vrijeme mirotvornog društva u kojem će zemlja biti ispunjena mirom. Proročka tradicija proteže se i na apokaliptična viđenja u kojima se govori o konačnoj bitki u kojoj će biti uništeni svi neprijatelji. Biblijski tekstovi koji o tome govore ponekad su kontradiktorni i postavlja se pitanje žele li proroci uistinu biti graditelji budućeg očekivanog mira. Ako mir i prestanak rata iz proročke perspektive predstavljaju samo jednu utopijsku i/ili eshatološku stvarnost, kako je moguće, i je li uopće moguće, te tekstove protumačiti u duhu neprestanih ratova, ali i aktualne situacije rata u Ukrajini? Na primjeru triju tekstova: Iz 2,2-5; Mih 4,1-5 i Jl 4,9-10 autor u konačnici pokušava otkriti simbolizira li prestanak rata i nastanak mira eshatološku i/ili svevremensku stvarnost ili nešto tomu suprotno.

Autor u članku promišlja o nekim starim i novim naglascima u katoličkom vrednovanju rata u svjetlu tradicionalne teorije pravednog rata. U uvodnom dijelu autor kratko promišlja o ratu kao zlu (mysterium iniquitatis), a zatim ukratko predstavlja tradicionalne argumente u prilog opravdanju takozvanoga pravednog rata u svjetlu teorije pravednog rata. Nakon toga autor predstavlja neke novije naglaske u katoličkom vrednovanju rata s posebnim naglaskom na nauk Drugoga vatikanskog koncila, koji je osudio rat i pozvao na zabranu svakog rata. Autor u nastavku članka prikazuje neka tumačenja rata i nenasilja u postkoncilskom katoličkom mišljenju s posebnim naglaskom na poruke pastoralnog pisma o izazovima mira američkih biskupa iz 1983. godine, a zatim na argumente jednog od najpoznatijih moralnih teologa 20. stoljeća Bernharda Häringa u prilog napuštanju tradicionalne teorije pravednog rata i bezuvjetnom pristajanju uz evanđeosku logiku nenasilja. Na temelju tih analiza autor ističe nužnost nadilaženja proturječja koje postoji između tradicionalnog shvaćanja pravednog rata i evanđeoskog mira i poziva na nenasilje. U tom smislu u zadnjem dijelu članka autor ukratko predstavlja najnovije katoličke prijedloge za napuštanje teorije pravednog rata, koja je tijekom povijesti služila za žalosno opravdanje gotovo svih ratova.

Introduction. The modern world uses several toxic chemicals, among them, pesticides which present a potential risk to humans when they are exposed to many pesticides at the same time through diet. Objective. The present study aimed to eva-luate the toxic effect of six pesticides mixture on liver hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters, in rats. Material and methods. Female Wistar rats, aged two months and weighed 150±5 g, were divided into three groups of ten rats. Pesticides mixture (Chloroperiphos-methyl, Deltamethrin, Methidathion, Cypermethrin, Acetami-prid, and Abamectin), at Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI and ADI×2), was administered orally for 7 months. Results. Pesticides mixture at ADI exposed rats exhibited severe damage in liver and kidney structure and function. At dose of ADI×2, more severe effects, with notable changes and damage, were observed in liver and kidney histology by several forms of inflammation, denaturation, and necrosis of cells and tissues. This showed direct impact on functioning and metabolism of these organs by significant changes in biochemical and haematological parameters (total cholesterol, total proteins, aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamiltransferase, total bilirubin, potassium, iron, urea, creatinine, uric acid, hemoglo-bin and hematocrit). Conclusion. The six pesticides mixture is toxic at ADI×2, and even at ADI that represents security dose of one pesticide. However, in a mixture, this dose causes deleterious effects on liver and kidney structure and function in rats.

It is known that phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) has a mediatory role in reproduction; however, there is no report on the role of the PNX-14 on epilepsy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antiepileptic effects of the PNX-14 on the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in the stages of the estrous cycle among rats. A total of 168 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups, including control (intracerebroventricular injection was performed with saline), PNX-14 (5 µg), PNX-14 (10 µg), bicuculline (competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors; 5 nmol)+PNX-14 (5 µg), bicuculline (BIC) (5 nmol)+PNX-14 (10 µg), saclofen (competitive antagonist of GABAB receptors; 2.5 µg)+PNX-14 (5 µg), and saclofen (2.5 µg)+PNX-14 (10 µg) in proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. Afterward, the control and treatment groups were followed by intraperitoneal administration of 80 mg/kg PTZ. Initiation time of myoclonic seizures (ITMS), initiation time of tonic-clonic seizures (ITTS), seizure duration (SD), and mortality rate (MR) were monitored and recorded for 30 min. According to the results, PNX-14 alone significantly reduced the SD and seizure mortality in all phases of estrus (P

U istorijskom trenutku sveopšte dominacije elektronskih medija, teatrični pojmovi i prakse dobijaju sve veći značaj. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu biće pozorišna predstava „Đeneral Milan Nedić” Siniše Kovačevića, koja je u političkom i javnom diskursu normalizovala ulogu predsednika kvislinške vlade u Srbiji na čijem čelu je bio general Milan Nedić tokom nacističke okupacije. Uz političku normalizaciju, po zamisli autora predstava je trebalo da prikaže novi osvrt na istorijsku ličnost Milana Nedića, odnosno njegove uloge koju je imao u političkim i društvenim procesima koji su se odvijali tokom i nakon Drugog svetskog rata u Srbiji. Predstava je prožeta Nedićevim porodičinim i političkim tragedijama, sumnjama i strepnjama, kao i nesigurnostima u donošenju odluka i suočavanju sa izazovima koji su se nalazili pred njim i čitavim srpskim narodom. Predstava „Đeneral Milan Nedić” učestvuje u konstituisanju određenog vrednosnog sistema koji teži da raskine sa ideološkim narativom koji je bio aktuelan u doba socijalizma, abolirajući ga od odgovornosti za sprovođenje Holokausta i stradanje Roma, komunista, antifašista i svih onih ljudi koji su se suprotstavljali nacističkom okupatoru. Analizirajući ovu predstavu, sagledaće se postojanje veze između pozorišta i politike, odnosno mogućnosti da teatar predstavlja veoma značajan i efikasan medij, koji posredstvom sinopsisa određuje scenski medij pozorišta kao sredstva percepcije, viđenja i razumevanja, koje nije pasivno ili neutralano, već ima jasan cilj. Sama predstava, u skladu sa svojim ideologizovanim ciljem predstavlja poligon za promene narativne strukture prema istorijskom „sećanju”, u kontekstu prevrednovanja antifašističkog nasleđa, koristeći teatar kao medij radi plasiranja svojih ideoloških i političkih ideja.

Green tea (GT) is believed to have antioxidant properties and beneficial effects on the treatment of some diseases. However, few findings were found concerning the impact of GT on oxidative stress. In the present study, the protective influence of GT against the oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rats was evaluated. The research groups included a control (Con) group and five groups supplemented with 10g GT(G1), 20g GT(G2), 1% H2O2(P), 1% H2O2and10g GT (GP1), as well as 1% H2O2 and 20g GT(GP2). The effects of GT and H2O2 administration on serum biochemical parameters, such as lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) were assessed. The findings of this research revealed that the usage of GT lowered the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, MDA, Ox-LDL and coronary risk index. Moreover, an increase in high-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was observed in subjects who received GT, compared to the rats of the P group. The baseline lipid profile and GT consumption with or without H2O2 were the same between the Con and GT-treated groups. Therefore, GT usage was found to be advantageous in reducing Ox-LDL and lipid peroxidation in rats. These results confirm the traditionally claimed benefits of GT for protection against lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis.

The current study aimed to determine the effect of metformin (MET) on histopathologic evaluation and antioxidant enzyme activity in experimental varicocele-induced rats. A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups. Group 1 (control) received no medication and underwent no surgery. In group 2 (sham), the rats received no medication and the abdominal cavity was opened; however, there was no varicocele induction. In group 3 (varicocele), the abdominal cavity was opened and the rats underwent varicocele induction and received no medication. In group 4, the abdominal cavity was opened and the animals received 25 mg/kg of MET for 42 days and were varicocele-induced. Groups 5 and 6 were similar to group 4 except that the animals received 50 and 100 mg/kg of MET, respectively. At the end of the 21st and 42nd days, the rats were euthanized and the left testis was removed for histological analysis and measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant status levels. According to the results, a dose-dependent difference was observed in testis damage grade in the MET treated groups, compared to that reported for the varicocele group (p 0.05). Tissue MDA levels significantly increased in varicocele rats (p 0.05). The aforementioned findings suggested that MET treatment had beneficial effects on varicocele.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) exerts important functions in the nervous system, such as modulation of neuronal death, brain development, cognition and behavior. However, little is known about the possible interactions of this steroid with the glial cells, in particular those forming circumventricular organs (CVOs). The present study, on the one hand, was focused on the assessment of the possible effect of DHEAS on the subcommissural organ in rats. Known as one of the CVOs, the SCO can release a glycoprotein of high molecular weight named Reissner’s fiber (RF) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a remarkable secretory activity. On the other hand, we examined the serotonergic innervation in the Dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) and the subsequent SCO. Our finding has revealed a significant increase in RF immunoreactivity within the SCO following a single i.p injection of DHEAS at a dose of 5 mg/kg B.W. A loss of serotonin (5-HT) within the DRN and fibers reaching the SCO was also observed. The present findings have brought evidence of a possible modulator potential of neurosteroids, in particular DHEAS, upon the secretory activity of the SCO. This study will open a new window for a better understanding of the main role and interaction of neurosteroids with one of the relevant circumventricular organs in the mammalian brain.

Peripheral nerve disorders are the most common neurological problems; therefore, it is important to intervene to treat or stop the resulting side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oat extract on experimental sciatic nerve injury in rats. Totally, 50 adult male rats were divided into five groups (n=10). Group 1 was exposed to sham condition, and group 2 was regarded as the control group (nerve injury without treatment). Moreover, groups 3-5 were subjected to sciatic nerve injury, and they received oral gavages of the oat extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), respectively. Subsequently, 2 and 4 weeks later, the rats were euthanized for pathological evaluation of nerve repair. The results showed an increase in the formation of the perineurium and epineurium dose in the oat-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), compared to the control group after 2 weeks (P

This study aimed at investigating the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. In total, 50 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 received no injection (control); however, group 2 was subjected to 2 h of I and 24 h of R. Subsequently, group 3 was subjected to 2 h of 1, and after 1 h of I, 125 mg/kg MgSO4 was injected intraperitoneally followed by 24 h of R. Groups 4 and 5 were subjected to the same process as group 3, whereas the rats were injected with 250 and 500 mg/kg of MgSO4, respectively. After 24 h, the left testes of all rats were removed for histological analysis and antioxidant activities. According to the results, there was a significant increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) among I/R rats (P4 decreased I/R-induced MDA (P4 (250 and 500 mg/kg) increased GPx and SOD activity significantly in I/R rats (P4 (250 and 500 mg/kg)-treated experimental I/R-induced rats. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of MgSO4 on testicular IR injury in rats.

Résumé Introduction. L’hypercholestérolémie et le diabète sont souvent associés au stress oxydant qui est caractérisé par une augmentation de la peroxydation lipidique et une diminution de la défense antioxydante. Objectif. L’effet des grignons d’olive (GO) sur le statut redox tissulaire est étudié chez le rat, présentant une hypercholestérolémie associée au diabète. Matériel et méthodes. Des rats mâles (n=18), pesant 210±5g sont divisés en 2 groupes. Un groupe témoin (T) (n=6) consomme un régime à 20% de caséine et un autre groupe (n=12) consomme le même régime supplémenté avec 1% de choles-térol et 0,5% d’acide cholique. Les rats hypercholestérolémiques (HC) sont rendus diabé-tiques (D), par injection de streptozotocine (STZ) (35mg.kg-1 de poids corporel) et sont répartis en deux groupes traités (HC-D-GO) ou non (HC-D) avec 7,5% de GO, pendant 28 jours. Résultats. Les teneurs en substance réactives à l’acide thiobarbiturique (TBARS) sont augmentées dans le cœur, le muscle et les reins, chez le groupe HC-D, comparé au groupe T (P

In this study we investigated the effect of three kinds of palm oil product (refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO), red palm oil (RPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO)) on the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and liver color of rats in fed high-fat diet, and compare it with beef tallow and corn oil. Growing male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet (20% fat) for 13 weeks, divided into 2 groups (with and without azoxymethane (AOM)). Dietary corn oil showed the lowest serum SGOT and SGPT (p < 0.05) both in the AOM and Non-AOM groups. Beef tallow diet caused the highest level of serum SGOT and SGPT followed by PKO, RPO, and RBDPO respectively (p < 0.05). The serum SGOT and SGPT were not affected by the AOM treatment. Although the liver color from the AOM group was relatively darker than the non-AOM group, in general the fat sources did not have a significant effect on liver color.

In order to evaluate the healing effect of eugenol and other nanofibers, 100 male Wistar rats (200±10 g) were used with 14-15 weeks of age in this study. All of the male rats were transferred in the standard cages under controlled exposure conditions in a 12:12 h light/dark cycle with a constant temperature about 22±2 oC. In addition, the male rats were fed with pellets. Firstly, anesthesia process was performed by 2% xylazine hydrochloride (10mg/Kg/IP) and 10% ketamine hydrochloride (100mg/Kg/IP), and then the rats were placed on the operating table. Then the dorsal surfaces of the rats’ skin to ileum were scrubbed and prepared as the next step. A circular wound (with a 7 mm diameter) was created by a 7 mm sterile biopsy punch. All 100 rats were divided into four groups (n=25) randomly named as control, nano zinc oxide (ZnO), eugenol nanofibers, and polycaprolactone groups. After that, they were divided into five groups regarding the wound closure rate in days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Then, the wound dressings were placed on the wounds and renewed every 24 h. At the end of days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21, the relevant tests, such as histopathology, were conducted by removing the tissue volume using a biopsy punch, and then decapitation process was performed on the rats. It was obvious that eugenol nanofiber showed the best granulation tissue by the production of collagen. Further studies are being performed on wound healing by eugenol nanofiber.

The present study determined the regenerative effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) on thioacetamide (TA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham control and treatment groups. The rats of the sham control group were subdivided into three groups and sampled on the 14th, 18th, and 20th weeks after fibrosis induction. The rats of the treatment group were subdivided into two groups and sampled on the 4th and 6th weeks after BMSCs treatment. Fibrosis was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg of TA twice a week for a period of 14 weeks. All the animals underwent liver function tests and histopathologic evaluation 4 and 6 weeks after BMSCs transplantation. The BMSCs were characterized using osteogenic induction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The BMSCs were plastic adherent, spindle-shaped, and positive for osteogenic differentiation. They expressed CD73 and were negative for CD45. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen fibers were noticed after TA administration. A significant decline in inflammatory cells and a healing process were detected 4 weeks after cell transplantation. The amelioration in hepatic tissue was significant 6 weeks after cell therapy. Following the injection of BMSCs, a nonsignificant decrease was visible in aspartate transaminase level; however, this decline was significant for alanine aminotransferase level. The alkaline phosphatase and albumin levels showed an increasing trend after cell administration. The transplantation of BMSCs resulted in a significant regenerative effect after hepatic injuries. Therefore, it was shown that BMSCs transplantation can open a new window and be a therapy of choice in the amelioration of liver fibrosis.

Résumé Les plantes médicinales et la phytothérapie sont étroitement liées à l’histoire de l’humanité, elles jouent un rôle important dans la recherche et le développement de nouveaux médicaments, et représentent une branche alternative dans la prévention et le traitement de certaines pathologies. Le pourpier Portulaca oleracea L. (Po), est une plante succulente largement répandue et utilisée à travers le monde pour ses propriétés médicinales et gustatives. Plusieurs travaux menés chez les animaux et l’homme lui attribuent des effets préventifs et curatifs sur plusieurs facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire. Une synthèse bibliographique a été menée sur différents moteurs de recherche scientifique, tels que Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science et Google Scholar, afin de souligner les travaux de recherche marquant l’effet de Po sur le diabète, l’hyperlipidémie, le stress oxydant et l’inflammation. La présente revue suggère que Po peut avoir des effets bénéfiques significatifs chez le modèle animal ainsi que chez l’homme en améliorant les paramètres glycémiques, lipidiques, antioxydants et anti-inflammatoires. [Abstract. Medicinal plants and phytotherapy are closely linked to the history of humanity, they play an important role in research, and development of new drugs, and represent an alternative branch in prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Po), is a succulent plant, widely distributed and used worldwide for its medicinal and gustatory properties. Several studies in animals and men attributed preventive and curative effects in cardiovascular risk factors. A bibliographic synthesis was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar, to highlight studies that describe the effect of Po on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The present review suggests that Po have significant beneficial effects, in animal and human models, by improving glycemic, lipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters.]

Les entérobactéries résistantes aux céphalosporines de troisième génération (ERC3G) constituent un fardeau sanitaire majeur pour les humains et les animaux dans l’océan Indien. Les rats, au mode de vie synanthrope, en sont des réservoirs avérés. Nous avons utilisé les rats comme des bioindicateurs environnementaux de l’occurrence d’ERC3G. L’objectif principal de cette étude exploratoire était de générer des hypothèses concernant la contamination environnementale par les ERC3G dans les deux territoires français de l’océan Indien. Cet objectif a été poursuivi à travers a) l’estimation de la prévalence des ERC3G et des entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu (EBLSE) chez les rats des deux territoires en 2013-2014, et b) l’identification des déterminants de ce portage chez les rats (traits d’histoire de vie et occupation du sol). En 2013-2014, des rats ont été échantillonnés selon un gradient altitudinal à la Réunion et à Mayotte sur plusieurs sites peu anthropisés. Sur un échantillon de convenance de 198 et 138 rats, respectivement à la Réunion et à Mayotte, la prévalence des ERC3G s’élevait à 5,1 % et 8,7 %, et celle des EBLSE à 0,5 % et 0,8 %. La masse, la longueur de la queue et la proportion de terrains agricoles dans le domaine vital du rat étaient des déterminants du portage d’ERC3G à la Réunion. A Mayotte, les déterminants de ce portage étaient une masse faible et le site de capture du rat avec un regroupement de cas positifs dans une localité spécifique. Finalement, les résultats obtenus semblent indiquer une faible contamination de l’environnement par les ERC3G à la Réunion et à Mayotte en 2013-2014. A la Réunion l’hypothèse d’une contamination de l’environnement par l’épandage de lisier a été soulevée nécessitant des investigations complémentaires.

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Introduction. Many studies have shown the effect of medicinal plants on the reduction of lipids and their peroxidation, and on the increase of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, in hypercholesterolemic rat. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (Po) on serum and lipoproteins lipid peroxidation as well as serum PON-1 activity, in hypercholesterolemic rats. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats (n=12) were fed on 1% cholesterol- enriched diet for 10 days. After this adaptation phase, hypercholesterolemic rats (total cholesterol (TC) = 5.66±1.60 mmol/L) were divided into two groups submitted to the same diet and treated or not with Po for 28 days. Results. Hypercholesterolemic rats treated with Po were compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. Serum TC, VLDL-C and LDL-HDL1-C were decreased respectively by 45%, 42% and 58%. HDL-C (HDL2 + HDL3) was increased by 34%, in Po-HC group. Lipid peroxidation evaluation showed decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations in serum (-16%), VLDL (-48%), LDL-HDL1 (-32%), HDL2 (-16%) and HDL3 (-41%). Serum PON-1 activity was 1.9-fold higher, in treated than untreated hypercholesterolemic groups. Conclusion. In hypercholesterolemic rat, it appears that treatment with Po aqueous extract induces hypocholesterolemic effect. Po reduces lipid peroxidation in serum and lipoproteins by increasing serum PON-1 activity.

Introduction. Animals fed high-fat diet have been shown to develop hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and moderate obesity, which resemble to human metabolic syndrome Many plant extracts have been recommended worldwide for metabolic disorders treatment. Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alkaloids colocynth extract in rats fed high-fat diet. Material and methods. Male rats (n=18), were divided into three groups: a control group (LT) (n = 6) fed a standard diet (1.3 MJ/100 g), and an experimental group (LE) (n=12) received a standard diet enriched with palm oil (2.3 MJ/100 g). After four months of high-fat diet feeding, LE animals received intraperitoneally administration of alkaloids during five weeks (LTr). Results. Treated animals with bitter apple compared to experimental animals, showed significant reduction in serum triacylglycerols (-73%), total cholesterol (-30%), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (-47%). Whereas, a significant increase was noted in high density lipoprotein (HDL)(+57%).Enzymatic activities of aspartate, alanine amino transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were lowered by 37, 20 and 34%, respectively. Conclusion. Our results suggest that alkaloids have positive effects on metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet in rat.

Introduction. In Mediterranean areas, the olive oil industry produces substantial amounts of by-products. Olive Cake is the solid residue obtained after olive oil extraction. Objective. The effect of olive cake was studied on the amounts and composition of lipoproteins and activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) weighing 80 ± 5 g were fed a diet containing 20% casein and enriched with 1% cholesterol (HC) supplemented or not with OC at 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% (HC-OC , HC-OC and HC-OC , respectively) for 28 days. Results. Hypercholesterolemic rats fed diet supplemented with OC was compared to HC group. Serum total cholesterol (TC) content was 1.5- 1.7- 2.1-fold lower in HC-OC , HC-OC - and HC-OC groups, whereas high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL -C and HDL -C) contents were significantly increased in all HC-OC groups (P

Acute toxicity test was conducted to evaluate the safety level of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) leaves extract, using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 423) guideline method. The pigeon pea leaves were extracted using 96%ethanol as a solvent. A total of 9 male rats were used divided into 3 groups: 1 control group and 2 treatment groups. The rat in control group (group 1) received a single dose of distilled water while the rat in groups 2 and 3 received a single dose of pigeon pea leaves extract at doses of 300 mg/kg BW and 2000 mg/kg BW, respectively. The aquadest and extract suspension were administered orally using rat stomach tubedos. Mortality and clinical signs were examined in the first 4 hours (critical time), 24 hours, and 14 days after the treatments. The result revealed that the LD50 values of the extract was estimated at more than 5000 mg/kg BW and classified as practically nontoxic.

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Copyright of Anthropology Magazine is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Film „Trener“ (1978), u režiji Puriše Đorđevića, prelama kroz filmsku priču mnoge događaje iz fudbalske stvarnosti tog doba sa prošlošću oličenu u ratu i logorima, suprotstavljenu ekonomskim i socijalnim prilikama vremena u kome je film sniman. Odlazak trenera velikog kluba na rad u Nemačku nalazi se između logične posledice profesionalizacije fudbala i ekonomske realnosti društva, s jedne strane, i reminiscencije na rat, nemačke logore i žrtve koje su u njima stradale, s druge strane. Rezultat fudbalske utakmice koja odlučuje o kvalifikovanju nemačkog ili jugoslovenskog kluba u finale značajnog evropskog takmičenja simboliše rezultat protoka vremena i dvadesetpetogodišnjeg posleratnog razvoja Nemačke i Jugoslavije.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for normal brain structure and function, and its brain concentration depends on dietary DHA content and hepatic conversion from its dietary derived n-3 precursor, a-linolenic acid (α-LNA). We developed an in vivo method in rats using quantitative autoradiography to image incorporation into brain of unesterified plasma DHA, and showed that the incorporation rate equals the rate of brain metabolic DHA consumption. Thus, quantitative imaging of DHA incorporation from plasma into brain can be used as a biomarker of brain DHA metabolism and neurotransmission. The method has been extended to humans with the use of positron emission tomography (PET). Furthermore, imaging in unanesthetized rats using DHA incorporation as a biomarker in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) administration confirms that regional DHA signaling is independent of extracellular calcium, and likely mediated by a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). Studies in mice in which iPLA2-VIA (β) was knocked out confirmed that this enzyme is critical for baseline and muscarinic cholinergic signaling involving DHA.

It is possible to inject radiolabeled polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intravenously to quantify rates of brain and liver PUFA metabolism in the intact organism, in relation to diet, aging or disease. Because circulating α-linolenic acid (α-LNA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in plasma do not contribute to brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) or arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), respectively, and DHA and AA cannot be synthesized de novo in vertebrate tissue, rates of incorporation of circulating DHA or AA into brain provide exact measurements of their rates of consumption by brain. Using positron emission tomography imaging, we reported that the adult human brain consumes AA and DHA at rates of 17.8 and 4.6 mg/day, respectively, and that the rate of AA consumption doesn’t change with age. In unanesthetized adult rats fed an n-3 PUFA “adequate” diet containing 4.6% (of total fatty acids) α-LNA as its only n-3 PUFA, the liver secretes DHA derived from circulating α-LNA ten-times faster than the brain consumes DHA; thus the liver is capable of supplying all the brain’s DHA. With a low dietary α-LNA level, rat liver coefficients of α-LNA conversion to DHA are increased because of increased liver elongase and desaturase activities, and DHA loss from brain is slowed due to downregulated DHA-metabolizing enzymes, including Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). The n-3 PUFA “deficient” diet also increases brain expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes, cytosolic cPLA2, secretory sPLA2 and cyclooxygenase-2, and the brain docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) concentration. These changes, plus reduced expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) caused by the “deficient” diet, likely increase brain vulnerability to excitotoxicity and inflammation.

Résumé But de l’étude Évaluer les effets thérapeutiques de l’enrichissement en huile de krill sur la modulation des marqueurs du stress oxydant et des altérations oxydatives de l’ADN chez des rats soumis au régime cafétéria. Matériels et méthodes Dix-huit rat mâles âgés de huit semaines sont répartis en trois groupes de six rats chacun et sont exposés pendant huit semaines à l’un des régimes suivants : le groupe témoin soumis au régime standard (330 kcal/100 g). Le second groupe est soumis au régime cafétéria (420 kcal/100 g). Le dernier groupe reçoit le régime cafétéria supplémenté en huile de krill (2 %) par voie de gavage. Le statut pro-oxydant plasmatique et tissulaire est évalué par l’analyse des substances réactives à l’acide thiobarbiturique, des hydroperoxydes et des isoprostanes. Les dommages de l’ADN sont évalués par le dosage de la 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), la plus abondante des bases oxydées de l’ADN. Résultats La substitution du régime standard par le régime cafétéria induit une augmentation de l’attaque radicalaire et l’oxydation de l’ADN au niveau plasmatique et tissulaire par augmentation des substances réactives à l’acide thiobarbiturique, des hydroperoxydes, des isoprostanes et du 8-OHdG. La supplémentation en huile de krill dans le régime cafétéria atténue le stress oxydant ainsi que les dommages oxydatifs de l’ADN par diminution des différents marqueurs de la peroxydation lipidique et du 8-OHdG. Conclusion L’exposition au régime cafétéria augmente la réponse métabolique à l’attaque radicalaire et les dommages oxydatifs de l’ADN. La supplémentation en huile de krill exerce des effets bénéfiques sur les troubles oxydatifs par diminution des marqueurs du stress oxydant et prévient l’oxydation de l’ADN chez les rats obèses. Aim To evaluate the therapeutic effects of dietary krill oil supplementation in modulation of oxidative stress components and DNA oxidative damages marker in cafeteria diet-overfed-rats. Material and methods Eighteen aging male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six each and were exposed for the ensuing 8 weeks to one of the diets: control group (TS) which was submitted to standard chow (330 kcal/100 g), containing 24% of proteins, 5% of lipids and 70% of carbohydrates. Cafeteria standard group (TC) exposed to cafeteria diet (420 kcal/100 g). The last group received a cafeteria diet enriched in oral force-feeding krill oil 2% (CK). The plasma and tissues pro-oxydant status were assessed by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxydes, and isoprostans. The determination of DNA oxidative damages was evaluated by the measurement of the major products of DNA oxidation (8-OHdG). Results Exposure to a cafeteria diet increases the metabolic response to the radical attack and DNA oxidative damages in both plasma and key tissues involved in antioxidant defense. Krill oil supplementation in cafeteria diet relieves oxidative stress and DNA damages by lowering several lipid peroxidation components and the main marker of DNA oxidation in obese rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raising of the Mole-rat (Cryptomys mechowi, Rodent: Bathyergidae) at Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. The mole-rat, Cryptomys mechowi, has been captured in the grassy savanna of the tray of the Bateke to be submitted to raising in captivity at the laboratory of the Biology Department in the University of Kinshasa. This small wild underground mammal, very appreciated by the population, is victim of overexploitation for its delicious meat. The raising of this rodent could reconcile the safeguard of the species on the one hand and the domestic protein source for the population of the tray of the Bateke on the other hand. On the whole, 21 animals of which 8 couples and 5 youngs have been captured on the tray of the Bateke. Out of these 8 couples, 5 died in the first week of raising in the laboratory, 3 couples and all 5 kids survived until the end of the experience. The 3 surviving couples gave birth each during 1 year of raising test to litters with better size from 1 to 3 kids for the 3 couples. This numeric growth rate demonstrates the possibility of raising this small underground rodent in captivity. The feeding in the laboratory is based on tubers easily obtainable through all markets of the capital. It is the case for cassavas and sweet potatoes.

To build a cardiopulmonary bypass model in rats, and research the feasibility. Method Cardiopulmonary bypass was built in 10 adult male SD rats of clean grade through intubation in jugular vein, caudal artery, and femoral artery, and bypass was sustained for 60 min at the flow rate of 100ml/(kg•min) to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, blood gas, and electrolyte. Result Puncture succeeded in all the 20 rats, and cardiopulmonary bypass was finished under given conditions. Conclusion The model has the following advantages, economical efficiency, simplicity, minimal invasion, cardiopulmonary bypass parameter setting similar to that of clinical trail, high rate of success. Thus, it is reliable for researching pathological and physiological changes after cardiopulmonary bypass and evaluating therapeutic strategy.

Résumé Introduction L’exposition aux allergènes d’intérieur est impliquée dans les maladies allergiques respiratoires et contribue à la morbidité asthmatique. L’allergène Mus m1, l’allergène majeur de la souris, joue un rôle dans l’asthme. Aucune étude ne s’est intéressée à la prévalence de cet allergène dans les bâtiments publics français. Méthodes Quarante-six échantillons de poussière ont été prélevés en aspirant le sol de 5 bâtiments publics en région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur. Ils ont été répartis en deux sous-groupes (petites et grandes structures). La poussière échantillonnée a été analysée pour évaluer la concentration de 5 allergènes d’intérieurs, avec la technique Multiplex Array for Indoor Allergens™ (MARIA). Résultats Les allergènes Mus m1, Fel d1, Can f1, Bla g2, Rat n1 sont retrouvés dans 93 %, 87 %, 61 %, 35 % et 7 % des échantillons, avec une concentration médiane (extrêmes) à 19,6 ng/g (0,2–6454,2), 37,9 ng/g (2,4–841,2), 28,2 ng/g (2,4–484,8), 188 ng/g (20,8–527,8) et 3,8 ng/g (3,8–12,8), respectivement. Les allergènes sont corrélés positivement deux à deux, sauf Mus m1. Dans les petites et grandes structures, la concentration médiane de Mus m1 est à 0,5 ng/g et 31,8 ng/g, respectivement ( p < 0,0001). L’allergène Rat n1 est uniquement présent dans les grandes structures, avec une concentration médiane à 3,8 ng/g. La dératisation est plus réalisée dans les grandes structures ( p < 0,005). Les déjections de souris ne sont pas associées à la détection de l’allergène Mus m1. Conclusion La prévalence de Mus m1 est importante mais sa concentration est souvent négligeable. L’allergène Mus m1 ne semblerait donc pas être un facteur de risque majeur de morbidité asthmatique en région PACA. Background Indoor allergen exposure is implicated in allergic respiratory disease and contributes to asthma morbidity. Mouse allergen plays a role in allergic asthma morbidity. However, no study is available on the distribution of this allergen in French public buildings. Methods Forty-six dust samples, collected by vacuuming during 2 different seasons, on the floor of five French public buildings in PACA region. They were divided into two subgroups (small and big structures), allowed to analyze five indoor allergens, with Multiplex ARray for Indoor Allergens™. A visual inspection and a questionnaire about the building and rooms were performed. Results Mus m1, Fel d1, Can f1, Bla g2, Rat n1 were found in 93%, 87%, 61%, 35% and 7% of the dust samples with a median concentration (range) at 19.6 ng/g (0.2–6454.2), 37.9 ng/g (2.4–841.2), 28.2 ng/g (2.4–484.8), 188 ng/g (20.8–527.8) and 3.8 ng/g (3.8–12.8), respectively. All these allergens were positively correlated two by two, except for Mus m1. In the small and big structures, the median level of Mus m1 is 0.5 ng/g and 31.8 ng/g, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Rat n1 was only present in big structures, with a median level at 3.8 ng/g. Deratting was more often used in big structures ( P < 0.005). Mouse droppings were not associated with detection of Mus m1. Conclusion The prevalence of mouse allergen was substantial but their levels were most often very low. Mus m1 does not appear a major risk factor for asthma morbidity in PACA region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)