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The pathological examination of ocular tumors has specificities in terms of macroscopic management, microscopic analysis, and molecular examinations requiring special attention. We discuss here the difficulties encountered in the reception in the pathological anatomy laboratory of conjunctival samples, enucleation and orbital exenteration pieces, then detail the diagnostic and theranostic, microscopic and molecular characteristics of ocular tumor pathologies. Conjunctival tumors (epithelial, melanocytic and lymphoid), choroidal tumors (including uveal melanoma) and retinoblastoma are treated. Because of their low frequency and their features, these tumors should be the subject of anatomo-clinical discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: markers in breast cancer stem cells, such as cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10), would be correlated with invasive and metastatic potential of several types of cancer, contributing to tumor growth and metastases. In patients with breast cancer, its prognostic value is still controversial, given the discrepancy of results. The purpose of the study was to study CD10 expression in stromal cells of patients with breast cancer as well as to evaluate the prognostic value of this expression. Method: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive and prognostic study. It involved 57 patients with invasive cancer of no special type, whose data were collected in the Department of Pathological Anatomy at the Mongi Slim Hospital over a 38-month period. CD10 expression was studied immunohistochemically and interpreted by semi-quantitative scoring system based on three categories with thresholds of 10 and 30%. Results: the average age of patients was 56.4 years. Twenty-eight patients (49%) had labeled CD10 stromal, half of patients had a score of 1 (low) and the other half had 2 (high). This labeling significantly reduced recurrence-free survival (p=0.001). However, it had no influence on overall survival (p=0.84). The correlation study showed that CD10 expression in stromal cells was significantly correlated with 12 poor prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: CD10 expression in stromal cells of invasive breast cancer is a poor prognostic factor, predictive of poor survival without recurrence and associated with a high invasive and metastatic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le syndrome de Sézary représente, avec le mycosis fongoïde, les formes prédominantes des lymphomes cutanés T épidermotropes (LCTE). Ils sont dus à la prolifération dans la peau de lymphocytes T activés. C'est une pathologie rare et de mauvais pronostic. Le diagnostic pose un problème pour le clinicien et le biologiste ; il repose sur un faisceau d'arguments cliniques, cytologiques et biologiques. L'envahissement sanguin est bien défini par les organismes internationaux (International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas et European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) ; la recherche de cellules de Sézary et leur quantification sont une étape primordiale pour confirmer le diagnostic. La place de l'analyse des cellules de Sézary en cytométrie en flux est plus objective et offre de meilleures performances que les analyses morphologiques, aussi bien pour le diagnostic que pour le suivi. Elle doit faire appel à un panel spécifique comprenant le KIR3DL2 ainsi que le CD7 et le CD26 afin de fournir un outil supplémentaire pour le diagnostic, la classification sanguine et la prise en charge thérapeutique du patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pancreas (or aberrant or pancreatic heterotopia) is defined as pancreatic tissue outside the boundaries of the pancreas, without anatomic connection to the main gland. Its incidence is between 0.5% and 14% in autopsy series, but it is probably underestimated because it is often asymptomatic. It most commonly affects the duodenum (30-35%), the stomach (30%), and the jejunum (15%). Hepatic involvement is exceptional. We here report a new case of unexpected detection. The study involved a 54-year-old, hypertense female patient who had undergone surgery for adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid classified pT3N1b (A) two years before. Disease progression was marked by the occurrence of multiple predominant secondary nodules in the right hepatic lobe (B). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4 cicles of FOLFOX-ERBITUX) was started. The patient received right lobectomy. The histological examination of the different surgical specimens confirmed the presence of secondary, moderately differentiated hepatic adenocarcinoma of colorectal origin with healthy surgical excision margins. The surrounding liver was the site of unsystematized macrovacuolar steatosis in 20% of cases. It was associated with a focus of pancreatic heterotopia, including some acini and excretory canals arranged in lobules (C, D). The postoperative course was simple; however, patient's outcome was marked by recurrence of cancer in the left lobe of the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue de Stomatologie & de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale is the property of Masson SPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among HIV-positive women, compared to that of HIV-negative women and identify the different types of lesions in both groups. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 16 months in two facilities and the service of pathological anatomy of Bangui. The sample consisted of 250 HIV-positive women matched to 250 HIV-negative women. The parameters studied were the HIV status, the result of cervical smear screening, the rates of CD4 and the data of the interview. Results: The smears were inflammatory in 54.4% of HIV-negative and 46.4% of HIV-positive. Epidermoid intraepithelial lesions of the cervix were more frequent among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women with respectively 34.8% and 16.4% (P <0.0001). The low-grade lesions were more common regardless of HIV status of patients. The median age of onset of the LEI was lower among HIV-positive whatever the grade of the lesion. Koïlocytosis was found in 27.2% of HIV-positive women against 9.2% among HIV-negative (P <0.001). Discussion and conclusion: The prevention of infection by HIV and HPV and the monitoring of precancerous lesions would allow to prevent their evolution towards invasive cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Africain D'Hépato-Gastroentérologie is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L’hémochromatose génétique s’accompagne dans la moitié des cas de manifestations articulaires, parfois révélatrices, constituant actuellement le facteur majeur de limitation de la qualité de vie. L’arthropathie de l’hémochromatose touche typiquement les articulations métacarpophalangiennes mais également l’articulation coxofémorale, avec des caractéristiques cliniques, radiologiques et anatomopathologiques détaillées dans l’observation rapportée. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The death certificate must be established within 24 hours following the death and handed to the mayor. The obligation to place in the coffin immediately is planned by a defined list of contagious diseases. Medicolegal obstacle must be ticked if there is a doubt on the cause of death. In order to look into the causes of the death, swabs can be asked by the physician. It is a medical or scientific autopsy to look into the causes of the death apart from a juridical procedure. The presence of a battery prosthesis (pacemaker) must be specified, so that it can be removed by a physician or a thanatopractionner before the placing in the coffin. Death certificate is passed on by the city hall to Insee, which updates the identification national register of physical people. Inserm receives anonymous data of the causes of death allowing to establish the mortality national statistics. In the absence of medicolegal obstacle or obligation to place in the coffin immediately, funeral operations can begin: preservation care, body transport, placing in the coffin and finally burial or cremation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives. – Remember the clinical, morphologic and histological particularities of mammary tuberculosis. Discuss clinical and radiological diagnostic problems caused by this localization, as far as breast cancer is concerned. Patients and methods. – This is a retrospective study concerning 65 women suffering from mammary tuberculosis, diagnosed at Salah Azaiez Institute between January 1980 and December 2001. Results. – In this series, mammary tuberculosis represents 0.2% of the declared tubercular localizations and 0.3% of the mammary pathologies treated at the institute. The mean age of our patients was 36 years (19 to 79). Clinical findings were misleading. In 60% of cases the aspect was of a malignant tumor, in 24.6% of cases of a benign nodule and in 16.4% of cases of an abscess. The mammography concluded to a malignant lesion in 49% of cases. The fine needle aspiration achieved at 8 patients was negative in 6 cases and brought back the caseum in the 2 others. The diagnosis has been made, for all our patients, after histological study when we found typical tuberculosis lesions on pieces of tumorectomy, or biopsy. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was established; all patients had an anti-tuberculosis medical treatment in a department of infectious diseases out of the institute. Discussion and conclusion. – Clinical and radiological features of mammary tuberculosis are very confusing and cause a diagnostic problem with breast cancers. In front of symptoms evoking tuberculosis, biopsies must be done to eliminate an eventual cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of autopsy is to define the causes of a patient''s death by studying the gross and microscopic visceral lesions. It is in actual decline but nevertheless the post-mortem examination remains one of the basic tools for the assessment of medical care in hospital. The aim of this paper is to finalize the present French legislation of autopsy and to show its importance in surgical practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen, which causes severe morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Antibiotic pressure is recognised as an individual risk factor in the acquisition of MRSA, however, some authors suggest that antibiotic use must be considered as an ecological and collective problem on a unit or hospital scale. The objective of our study was to determine whether antibiotic pressure affects the acquisition of MRSA. The study was conducted during 1 year (from October 2000 to September 2001) at Besanc¸on hospital. The analysis was based on the research of a correlation between incidence of MRSA acquisition, the colonisation pressure exerted by imported MRSA and use of antimicrobials ineffective against MRSA at the unit level. Univariate analysis showed that acquired MRSA cases were significantly correlated with the use of all antimicrobials, as well as with the use of each class of antimicrobial and with colonisation pressure. In multivariate analysis, the stratification of the units into consumer classes allowed us to eliminate the scale effect of each antimicrobial class and to characterise the impact of high antimicrobial use compared to weak antimicrobial. The highest risks of MRSA acquisition were observed for β-lactams and quinolones. This study shows that “MRSA acquisition” is correlated to antibiotic use and highlights the need to improve antibiotic usage in the control of MRSA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Fetus in Fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly defined as a mass containing a vertebral axis often associated with other organs or limbs around this axis. We report the case of a female fetus aged 4 months presenting with retroperitoneal mass measuring 7x6x4cm, suggesting teratoma on computerized tomography (CT) scan. The mass was resected. Macroscopic examination showed fetiform mass covered by skin tissue and extending into upper and lower limb buds (A). Sectional views showed that it was centered by several osteocartilaginous fragments arranged in a linear fashion reminding the vertebral axis (B). Histological examination objectified the presence of glial tissue around a cerebral ventricle as well as skin, muscle and bone tissue. The diagnosis of FIF was retained. FIF is mainly reported at the level of the retroperitoneum followed by the sacro-caudal, intra-abdominal, cranial, buccal, mediastinal, pulmonary, renal and scrotal area. Diagnosis is made during the antenatal period in 15% of cases. The etiopathogenesis of FIF includes both the theory of monochorionic diamniotic monozygotic pregnancy in which an aberrant asymmetric twin becomes internalized in the other twin and the theory of a defective embryo implantation in the mesenchyme of its twin instead of the uterine wall. The differential diagnosis includes teratoma, meconium pseudocyst and ectopic pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anatomo-pathological diagnosis of tumors is based on many criteria related mainly to image analysis. Currently, in most pathology laboratories, tissues or cells are placed on glass slides and directly analyzed with an optical microscope. Because of technological evolutions, it is currently possible to digitize slides (digital pathology). The digitization of whole slides has allowed the development of computer programs of artificial intelligence (AI) for image analysis. Applied to tumour pathology, this technology allows the detection, diagnosis or evaluation of the prognosis of neoplastic lesions. There are many challenges associated with the use of AI in routine pathology. These are mainly related to the amount of data to be analyzed and to the development of reliable algorithms. Nevertheless, this technology is promising and could become a valuable aid in the field of precision medicine for which the amount of data related to a patient is constantly increasing.

Fetus in Fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly defined as a mass containing a vertebral axis often associated with other organs or limbs around this axis. We report the case of a female fetus aged 4 months presenting with retroperitoneal mass measuring 7x6x4cm, suggesting teratoma on computerized tomography (CT) scan. The mass was resected. Macroscopic examination showed fetiform mass covered by skin tissue and extending into upper and lower limb buds (A). Sectional views showed that it was centered by several osteocartilaginous fragments arranged in a linear fashion reminding the vertebral axis (B). Histological examination objectified the presence of glial tissue around a cerebral ventricle as well as skin, muscle and bone tissue. The diagnosis of FIF was retained. FIF is mainly reported at the level of the retroperitoneum followed by the sacro-caudal, intra-abdominal, cranial, buccal, mediastinal, pulmonary, renal and scrotal area. Diagnosis is made during the antenatal period in 15% of cases. The etiopathogenesis of FIF includes both the theory of monochorionic diamniotic monozygotic pregnancy in which an aberrant asymmetric twin becomes internalized in the other twin and the theory of a defective embryo implantation in the mesenchyme of its twin instead of the uterine wall. The differential diagnosis includes teratoma, meconium pseudocyst and ectopic pregnancy., (© Rim Hadhri et al.)

Introduction: The motivations of medical students for Pathologic Anatomy are little known although they can strongly influence their academic performance. Our work focused on the analysis of the relationship between performance and motivation for Pathologic Anatomy., Materials and Methods: Second-year students (n=268) from the University of Nantes were contacted to complete a motivation questionnaire and to provide indicators of performance and attendance. The responses were analyzed in order to establish the psychometric reliability and the factorial structure of the questionnaire. The relationship between motivation and performance was explored by correlation and by linear regression studies. A cluster analysis was performed to specify the distribution of the two variables in our sample., Results: The sample corresponded to 168 respondents with a F/M ratio similar to that of our population. Our data demonstrated the reliability of the questionnaire and a structure described by 5 motivation factors (self-determination, self-efficacy, career, grade and intrinsic motivation). The academic performance was not significantly correlated with the overall motivation or with student attendance. However, it was predicted by self-determination and self-efficacy. Our work revealed gender differences as well as the existence of two distinct clusters defined by the motivation and performance of the students., Discussion/conclusion: This work constitutes the first study of the motivations of French medical students for cyto-pathology. It validates a quantitative assessment tool for motivation. Finally, it explores the heterogeneity of the distribution of motivation and academic performance within a population of learners., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Nous avons précédemment démontré que la NO synthase neuronale (nNOS) contrôle la sécrétion d’insuline grâce à des activités métaboliques et non métaboliques. Cette dernière est liée à l’interaction de la nNOS avec son inhibiteur PIN, également chaîne légère de la myosine V, au niveau des granules d’insuline. Nous souhaitons déterminer si l’interaction nNOS-PIN module la sécrétion d’insuline et est altérée dans des situations d’hypersécrétion d’insuline comme chez le rat Zucker fa/fa. Matériels et méthodes: Le complexe nNOS/PIN/myosine V a été étudié par co-immunoprécipitation sur la lignée INS-1. L’interaction nNOS-PIN a été analysée par la méthode Spot et par immunofluorescence. La sécrétion d’insuline a été mesurée sur les cellules INS-1 et des îlots de rats Zucker fa/fa et fa/+. Résultats: Dans la lignée INS-1, nous avons montré une interaction directe entre la nNOS, PIN et la myosine V ainsi qu’une augmentation du complexe ternaire lorsque PIN est surexprimé. Après analyse des régions de la nNOS impliquées dans l’interaction avec PIN, nous avons pu identifier un peptide mutant qui inhibe l’interaction nNOS-PIN avec un Ki de 0,4μM. Ce peptide (20μm), conjugué à la séquence TAT du virus HIV, dissocie l’interaction nNOS-PIN de 47 % dans la lignée INS-1 et diminue de 36 % (p<0,01) la sécrétion d’insuline sous 5,6mM et 8,3mM de glucose et de 28 % (p<0,05) sous 2,8mM de glucose. Dans les cellules β de rat Zucker fa/fa, nous observons par immunofluorescence une augmentation de l’interaction entre la nNOS/PIN/myosine V. De plus, le peptide (40μM) restaure une sécrétion d’insuline induite par 2,8, 5,6 et 11,2mM glucose (p<0,05) similaire à celle observée chez les rats contrôles fa/+. Conclusion: Nos résultats démontrent le rôle du complexe nNOS-PIN dans la modulation de la sécrétion d’insuline, probablement au niveau de l’exocytose. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Cardiac lesions after blunt thoracic trauma are usually observed in two different clinical situations: during salvage thoracotomy or autopsy studies, then it is the rupture of the cardiac wall responsible for sudden death. Just after a trauma or later, because some of these injuries could be well tolerated temporarily or for a long time: myocardial contusion, valve lesion, ventricular septal rupture, pericardial rupture or coronary artery injury. These injuries are rare and could be associated together. They are usually due to traffic accidents and are consecutive to three mechanisms: direct trauma, indirect due to deceleration and hydraulic shock. They could be masked by other lesion especially during polytrauma, and it is mandatory to search then systematically during major trauma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]