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Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity is a prevalent health problem affecting 29% of the Canadian population and having many complications (high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, diabetes, etc.). There are currently four treatments approved by Health Canada for weight loss: orlistat, the naltrexone/bupropion combination, liraglutide, and semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg (which is not yet sold in Canada). In this article, a review of the efficacy and safety data will be performed. Naltrexone/bupropion 32 mg/360 mg per day demonstrated a 5% weight reduction in 48% of patients (p < 0.000) in the COR-I study. Orslistat 120 mg PO TID had a mean weight loss of 10.2%, compared to 6.1% with placebo (p < 0.001). Semaglutide 2.4 mg subcutaneously weekly demonstrated a mean weight change of -14.9% in the semaglutide group and -2.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.001) in STEP-1. Liraglutide 3 mg subcutaneously once daily demonstrated -8% weight loss versus -2.6% with placebo (p < 0.001) in SCALE Obesity. Finally, tirzepatide demonstrated ≥ 5% weight loss in 89% to 91% of participants receiving 10 mg or 15 mg doses in SURMOUNT-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, 49% of adults are overweight and 17% are obese [1]. Its prevalence is increasing in the entire population and much more rapidly in children. Data among 3rd grade adolescents show an increase in overweight and obesity of 20% and 5.4% respectively among girls and 17% and 4.7% among boys [2]. Several types of intervention are proposed to combat obesity, lifestyle interventions, combating a sedentary lifestyle, diet control, medication prescriptions. Anti-obesity drugs have shown great variability in their effectiveness in terms of weight loss, ranging from 5% to 12% in various randomized controlled trials and depending on clinical contexts [3]. Two Glucagon-like peptide1 analog drugs, indicated in the treatment of insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes, semaglutide and liraglutide, are used in obese or overweight non-diabetic adult patients. For what benefit and what disadvantages? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction - Un nouveau-né est dit macrosome si le poids de naissance est supérieurau 90ème percentile selon les courbes de références. C’est une population àrisque exposée à des complications néonatales pouvant compromettre le pronosticvital et ou fonctionnel. L’objectif de l’étude était d’estimer la prévalence hospitalièrede la macrosomie et identifier les facteurs de risques de survenue de celle-ci.Patients et méthodes - Il s’agit d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique,réalisée au niveau du service de néonatalogie « Nouar Fadéla ».Résultats - Durant la période du 15 Avril 2015 au 15 Mars 2017 inclus, 6741 accouchementsont été réalisés. Nous avons colligé 889 nouveau nés ayant fait l’objet dela présente étude dont 425 couples mères-nouveau-nés macrosomes, soit une prévalencehospitalière de 6,3 %. Pour les caractéristiques maternelles : en moyenne,les mères étaient âgées de 30 ± 5,70 ans et avaient un IMC de 27,4±4,9kg/m2. Lavoie haute était l’issue principale de l’accouchement des nouveau-nés macrosomes.Pour les caractéristiques des nouveau-nés : le poids de naissance (PN) a varié entre4000gr et 5900gr avec un PN moyen de : 4172 ± 339 gr. La morbidité néonatale chezles macrosomes est dominée de façon respective par : l’hypoglycémie dans 19,3%versus 10,6% chez les eutrophes ; les hématomes profonds dans 3,8% vs 1,9% et laparalysie du plexus brachial (PPB) dans 2,1% versus 0,2 chez les eutrophes.La létalitéétait notée dans 0,9% des cas comparée à 0,6% chez les eutrophes. On a retrouvéun certain nombre d’éléments épidémiologiques intervenant dans la genèse de lamacrosomie : l’obésité, le gain pondéral, l’antécédent de macrosomie, le diabèteet le terme avancé.Conclusion - la macrosomie reste une situation à risque, préoccupante du fait de samorbidité et sa mortalité néonatale. AbstractIntroduction - A newborn is said macrosome if the birth weight is higher than the 90th percentile according to the reference curves. It is a population at risk exposed to neonatal complications that can compromise the vital prognosis and / or functio-nal. The objective of this study was to estimate the hospital prevalence of macroso-mia and to identify the risk factors for its occurrence. Patients and methods: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study at the «Nouar Fadela» clinic. Results - during the period from April 15, 2015 to March 15, 2017, 6741 deliveries were made. We collected 889 cases that were the subject of the present study inclu-ding 425 newborn macrosomes, a hospital prevalence of 6.3%. For maternal charac-teristics: On average, mothers were aged 30 ± 5.70 years, and a BMI of 27.45 ± 4.96 kg / m2. The majority of deliveries of newborns macrosomes was vaginally delivred. For the characteristics of the newborns: the birth weight varied between 4000gr and 5900 gr with an average PNN of: 4172 ± 339 gr. Neonatal morbidity in macrosomes is dominated by: hypoglycemia in 19.3% versus 10.6% in eutrophic patients; hematomas in 3.8% vs 1.9%; PPB in 2.1% versus 0.2 in eutrophics. Lethality is neonates in 0.9% of cases compared to 0.6% in eutrophic A number of epidemiological elements have been found in the genesis of macrosomia: obesity, weight gain, macrosomia history of diabetes mellitus and the advance or late stage. Conclusion - Macrosomia remains a risky situation, which is worrying because of its morbidity and neonatal mortality.IntroductionL La macrosomie fœtale (MF) est habituellement définie par un poids de naissance supérieur à 4000 grammes, grâce aux classiques courbes de poids en fonction du terme, in ute-ro par échographie ou après naissance) [1]. Ainsi, un nou-veau-né (NN) est macrosome lorsque son poids de naissance est supérieur au 90e percentile pour l’âge gestationnel (AG) selon les courbes de référence pour une population donnée qui correspond au terme anglo-saxon Large for Gestationnel Age (LGA, poids élevé pour l’âge)[1].La macrosomie est hétérogène en termes de phénotype, cli-nique et biologique, et en termes d’étiologies. La macrosomie constitue un réel problème de santé publique lié non seulement à sa prévalence dans les pays développés et ceux en développement, mais aussi à sa forte association avec la morbi-mortalité infantile (complications trauma-tiques, hématologiques, métaboliques...). À travers ce travail notre objectif était d’estimer la fré-quence de la macrosomie néonatale le service de néonatalo-gie à l’EHS Nouar Fadéla et d’identifier les facteurs de risque de survenue de celle-ci: âge maternel, antécédent d’un ac-couchement d’un macrosome, obésité, diabète...).Patients et méthodesIl s’agit d’une étude transversale, nichée dans la cohorte des femmes enceintes ayant accouché durant la période du 15 Avril 2015 au 15 Mars 2017 inclus au niveau du service de néonatalogie Nouar Fadéla.Tous les nouveaux-nés à terme (supérieur à 37 semaines d’aménorrhée (SA), dont le poids de naissance était supé-rieur au 50e percentile pour l’âge gestationnel sont recrutés dans l’étude. Les mort-nés macrosomes (difficulté de déter-miner leur âge gestationnel) et les nouveau-nés de moins de 37 SA ont été exclus de l’échantillon.Nous avons mis au point des fiches d’enquête qui ont été remplies à travers un interrogatoire auprès de la maman. Elles comprennent trois parties : - les caractéristiques maternelles : âge, profession, situation matrimoniale, niveau socio-économique, parité, gestité, an-técédents obstétricaux (avortement, mort-né, diabète anté-rieur, diabète grossesse),- les caractéristiques de la grossesse actuelle et l’accouche-ment (poids au début et fin de grossesse (poids prégesta-tionel, gain pondéral), taille maternelle, tension artérielle, dépistage de diabète (hypoglycémie, hémoglobine glyquée,

Abstract Background- The studies of the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients around the world have made it possible to observe a rich semiology, which implicated obesity as a factor in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, and can lead to intensive care or even death. Some biomarkers have been identified as risk factors for mortality. The aim of this study was to verify obesity and the risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 infection. Methods- This was a single-center prospective study carried out at Rouiba University Hospital, between March 19, 2020 to September 30, 2021. The clinical data were collected: age (year), BMI groups (≥ 30 and

The growing proportion of patients with IBD and obesity (15 to 40%) makes their management a critical therapeutic challenge. Obesity has a negative impact on the natural course of the disease, leads to an attenuated response to biotherapies and favors surgical complications. A nutritional assessment is therefore essential, and physicians should be aware of screening patients for malnutrition (even in the presence of obesity), sarcopenia and obesity-related complications. A multidisciplinary approach must be proposed to the patients: supervised changes in eating habits to avoid causing or worsen deficiencies, especially during inflammatory flare-ups, as well as practicing regular physical activity. Drug treatments for obesity, particularly GLP-1 analogs, can be proposed, although their impact on the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease has yet to be demonstrated. Bariatric surgery, when indicated, should be proposed to patients, as it has a demonstrated benefit on post-operative evolution in IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the ubiquity of UPF, this book fills a vital gap in our knowledge. Thankfully, it is easy to read, combining research and interviews with personal anecdotes and amusing glimpses of van Tulleken family life. For those of us involved in food studies, the book adds an extra layer of urgency: van Tulleken proposes that UPF destroys the meaning of food—it becomes a technical substance without cultural or historical meaning. To avoid this outcome, let alone the millions of early deaths caused by poor diets that are increasingly made up of UPF, we need to better understand ultra-processed food and work to change the food system that allows these substances to flourish.

Introduction. Pediatric asthma is predominantly atopic, but no data are found on atopy in obese asthmatic child in the literature. In addition, the increased obesity rates, sensitization to airborne allergens are a risk factor for asthma. Objective. To determine whether elevation of body mass index (BMI) was associated with asthma severity or with sensitization to inhalation allergens in adolescents in the wilaya of Constantine. Material and methods. This was a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out during the 2017-2018 school year, on 104 asthmatic adolescents, aged between 13 and 14, in schools in Constantine. The weight status of the patients was assessed using the 2012 thresholds of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 defined overweight or obesity. Asthmatics obese and non-obese groups were compared for the prevalence of severe asthma and sensitization using the Chi-square test, at the 95% confidence interval. Results. Twenty-five per cent of asthmatics were overweight or obese with an average BMI of 28,20±3,80. Asthma symptoms were persistent in 66%, and uncontrolled in 40% of cases. Almost 70% of the population were atopic, and 50% were poly-sensitized. Sensitization occurred in both groups with a significant positive ratio (p=0.03). No association was observed between obesity and prevalence of severe asthma (p=0.5), or poly-sensitizations. Conclusion. The quarter of adolescents is overweight or obese, and tends to present an atopy. However, no positive association is found between obesity and prevalence of severe asthma symptoms. Further prospective studies are needed for a better understanding of this obese asthmatics group. [Résumé Introduction. L’asthme pédiatrique est majoritairement atopique, mais aucune donnée n’existe sur l’atopie de l’enfant asthmatique obèse dans la littérature. En outre, l’élévation du taux d’obésité, la sensibilisation aux pneumallergènes sont un facteur de risque pour l’asthme. Objectif. Déterminer si l’élévation de l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) est associée à la sévérité de l’asthme ou à la sensibilisation aux pneumallergènes, chez des adolescents asthmatiques dans la wilaya de Constantine. Matériel et méthodes. Une étude prospective, descriptive et transversale est réalisée durant l’année scolaire 2017-2018, et a porté sur 104 adolescents asthmatiques, âgés entre 13 et 14 ans, au sein des établissements scolaires de Constantine. Le statut pondéral des malades a été évalué en utilisant les seuils de l’International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), avec un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) ≥ 25 kg/m² définissant le surpoids ou l’obésité. Des groupes d’asthmatiques obèses et non obèses ont été comparés afin de noter la prévalence de l’asthme sévère et la sensibilisation en utilisant le test de Chi-deux à l’intervalle de confiance de 95 %. Résultats. Un quart des asthmatiques étaient en surpoids ou obèses avec un IMC moyen de 28,20±3,80. Les symptômes d’asthme étaient persistants chez 66%, et non contrôlés chez 40% des cas. Près de 70% de la population était atopique et 50 % étaient polysensibilisés. La sensibilisation s’est produite dans les deux groupes avec un rapport positif significatif (p=0,03). Aucune association n’est observée entre l’obésité et la prévalence de l’asthme sévère ou les poly-sensibilisations. Conclusion. Le quart des adolescents sont en surpoids ou obèses et ont tendance à présenter une atopie. Cependant, aucune association n’est notée entre l’obésité et la prévalence des symptômes sévères d’asthme. D’autres études prospectives sont nécessaires pour une meilleure compréhension du groupe d’asthmatiques obèses.]

Introduction: There is significant and pervasive weight bias, weight stigma, and weight-based discrimination everywhere today, even in healthcare settings. Studies have shown that health care professionals (HCPs) hold negative perceptions toward people living with obesity (PLO), which results in heightened health risks for patients. Nurses play a central role in health promotion and the health management of PLO. Thus, identifying nurses' and nursing students' perceptions toward PLO within healthcare practice or educational contexts is paramount to consider further exploratory and intervention studies. Objective: We aim to review and map nurses' and nursing students' perceptions toward PLO from available literature. Method: A search of MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO (OVID) will be conducted to identify relevant studies in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, or Italian on nurses' and nursing students' weight bias. The period covered will be from January 1, 2005, onward, including those available up until our scheduled search in January 2024. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening, study selection, and data extraction. Data will be charted according to the study design, the research setting, years and regions of publication, concepts, and use of theoretical models. The results will be summarized and reported, identifying implications for nursing research and practice. Discussion and Research Spin-offs: This scoping review will inform nursing research and facilitate the development of educational and clinical tools aimed at preventing and reducing weight bias among nurses to promote nursing and interdisciplinary care that upholds principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion.

Introduction: The current obesity epidemic is accompanied by an increasing use of obesity surgery. However, the French health care system struggles to ensure long-term follow-up of these patients, for which the general practitioner plays a crucial role. Objective: Based on a literature review, to develop a monitoring tool in order to improve patient follow-up care after obesity surgery, by optimizing the coordination between general practitioner and the referral Obesity center team. Methods: Methodology of the French National Authority for Health to develop a memo sheet, supported by a systematic review, validated by the expertise of a task group. Results: Obesity surgery, yet effective on severe obesity and its comorbidities, can expose to the risk of severe postoperative complications, adverse psychosocial impact, or weight regain, which is feared. Nutritional deficiencies are frequent, and a lifelong micronutrient supplementation is essential (multivitamin and mineral complex, vitamin D-calcium, iron, vitamin B12); otherwise, the deficiency could lead to complications (e.g. hematological, neurological, musculoskeletal). Their prevention-screening-treatment are part of a global interdisciplinary postoperative management, including medical and biochemical monitoring, behavior change strategies in eating and exercise habits, and psychological support. The learned societies recommend to strengthen the collaboration between general practitioners and surgical teams. The "BARIA Check" sheet has synthesized these key data in order to guide the general practitioner to ensure this mission, in coordination with the referral obesity centre. Conclusion: Complications after obesity surgery need to be prevented to ensure its long-term safety and effectiveness. General practitioners supported by "BARIA Check" will contribute to this achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

يقدم البحث رؤية اجتماعية جديده لمفهوم "الشبع"، و"صوره الجسد السميـن" باعتبارهما الهدفان الرئيسان للدراسة، فدراسة البدانة اجتماعيا هامة جدا في مصر الآن، فقد أصبحت نحو10 ملايين امرأة بنسبة (39٪) من السيدات المصريات يعانين من البدانة حسب كشفت الخريطة العالمية للسمنة .لذا اعتمد البحث الراهن على منهج "دراسة الحالة" مستعين بأداة المقابلة المتعمقة في إجراء دراسة مكثفة وعميقة عن الشبع والبدانة وصوره الجسد، ونقترح به بعض المقولات النظرية التي تسد فجوه عدم وجود نظريه اجتماعية شامله للشبع بين دراسات علم الاجتماع الطبي وسوسيولوجيا الغذاء، وذلك بجمع المعلومات المتعلقة بعشره حالات تعانى من فرط الشبع والبدانة المفرطة، على شكل سيرة ذاتية تحتوي على أحداث في ماضي الحالة وحاضرها، يتم بها فهم شامل لتاريخ حالة الشبع والبدانة، وتحديد التطور الذي مرت بها الحالات في محيطهم الثقافي مع توضيح جميع المؤثرات التي أثرت في تكوين اتجاهاتهم وفلسفتهم في الأكل والخبرات التي اكتسبوها والأزمات والمشاكل الغذائية الثي أثرت في تكوين اتجاهاتهم، وحصل الباحثان على المعلومات من العينة ذاتها أو من محيطه .وتوصل البحث إلى أن الأفراط في الأكل وتجويع النفس وسيلتين لتأكيد التحكم والمطالبة بالاهتمام والتعبير عن الغضب وهما في النهاية وسيلتين مدمرتين للذات على الرغم من انهم لا يفعلان أي شيء لتغيير الأحوال الاجتماعية .Abstract The research provides a new social vision of the concept of "satiety", and"fat body image" as the main objectives of the study, the study of obesity is socially very important in Egypt now, about 10 million women (39%) of Egyptian women have become obese according to the global map of Obesity revealed . Therefore, the current research has relied on the "case study" approach, using the in-depth interview tool to conduct an intensive and in-depth study of satiety, obesity and body image, and we propose some theoretical statements that fill the gap of the lack of a comprehensive social theory of satiety between the studies of medical sociology and food sociology, by collecting information related to ten cases suffering from identify the development that the cases went through in their cultural environment, clarifying all the influences that influenced the formation of their trends, their philosophy of eating and the experiences they gained Crises and food problems influenced the formation of their trends, and the researcher obtained information from the individual himself or from his surroundings . The research found that overeating and starving oneself are two ways to assert control, demand attention and express anger, which are ultimately self-destructive, although they do not do anything to change social conditions .

Obesity is a growing concern in the developing world. The aim of this review is to analyze the research that studied the prevalence of obesity in preschool children in the period from 2001 to 2022. We collected 46 surveys. There are three sets of growth references commonly used to assess a child's weight status and health risk: BMI limit values published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and those published by the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on this, there are the following categories: malnutrition, normal nutrition, excessive nutrition and obesity. In accordance with the aim of this research, we collected data only on overnourished and obese children. The research has shown that the prevalence of overnourished and obese preschool children is high on all continents, regardless of which recommendations are used to define them. However, the most alarming data on obese preschool children are provided by studies that used the recommendations of the CDC (CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The research shows that the highest prevalence of overnourished and obese preschool children is in North America. Such data are provided by research conducted by CDC, WHO and IOTF. The prevalence of overnourished and obese preschool children is not better in Europe either. Certain studies from Asia and Africa show us that their children have not yet caught up with their peers from North America and Europe in the prevalence of overnutrition and obesity. Research shows that there is a connection between overnutrition/obesity and socio-economic status of parents, daily routines, education of parents, duration of breastfeeding, degree of nutrition of parents, area where children live, the eating habits.

Obesity has emerged as a strong risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection, making individuals with obesity more susceptible to hospitalisation, assisted ventilation and death. This article reflects how obesity and COVID-19 compose a pandemic overlap of syndemic effects whose synergies reinforce both biological and structural disadvantages reproducing and exacerbate persistent health disparities and inequalities over time. The case of obesity, and its ecology of health problems, constitutes a global health challenge that points to the need to look at health in a broader framework which takes into account how the central drivers of society, and the economic and social policy under neoliberalism, affect the distribution of health and disease, potentially conditioning other pandemic viral crises in the future.

Abstract Objective This is a mixed-methodology controlled clinical study that assessed the effect of the Health Lifestyle Deck of cards as a Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy tool for obese adults. Method The sample was divided into two groups: Intervention group and Intervention+Deck. The therapy was interdisciplinary handled by psychology, nutrition and physical education professionals, along 12 sessions. The following measures were performed: anthropometric assessment, indicators of binge eating, depression, anxiety and stress, quality of life, self-efficacy for eating habits, and physical activity at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Participants’ written and verbal reports’ content was analyzed. Results The results were: a reduction in body mass, binge eating, and improvement of self-efficacy to regulate eating habits in both groups. There was an improvement in the psychological domain of quality of life only in the Intervention+Deck group. Conclusion The study concluded that the intervention favored participants’ cognitive and behavioral changes.

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Canine & Féline is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the discussion on raising concerns about the potential detrimental effects on child development. Topics include extensive evidence pointing to various negative outcomes, encompassing overweight, obesity, cognitive development, and language skills; and containing noise exposure, screen time, and endocrine disruptors.

The World Happiness Report 2018 ranks 156 countries by their happiness levels, and revealed a link between happiness and obesity. Despite the importance of this link, few studies have analyzed this relationship. Moreover, it may be the case that the relationship between happiness and obesity is nonlinear. The relationship between happiness and income, however, has been studied by several researchers, particularly after the publication of Easterlin (1974). In his famous paradox, Easterlin found that after reaching a certain level, the further increase of material wealth no longer promotes happiness. Here, we investigate whether there is a quadratic relationship between happiness & obesity and happiness & income, for a panel of EU countries for the period 2005- 2016, using the system GMM method. The empirical results suggest an inverse U-shaped relationship between happiness & obesity and happiness & income, implying that as obesity (income), represented by body mass index, increases, happiness first increases then stabilizes and finally decreases. Hence, the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between happiness and income supports the validity of the Kuznets curve hypothesis. Some control variables were also included in the regressions in order to solve omitted variable bias problems. The results indicate that income inequality and unemployment have a significantly negative impact on happiness.

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Objective: This qualitative, cross-sectional study aimed to understand the social representations of obesity and the weight loss process in women who underwent bariatric surgery. Methods: Sixteen post-bariatric surgery (between 3 and 12 months post-surgery) women participated in semi-structured, face-to-face and individual interviews. The Thematic Analysis of Braun and Clarke (2006) was carried out to evaluate the data. Results: It were identifying 15 codes, 11 sub-themes, grouped into 3 themes: 1) Obesity: “The monster of contemporary society”; 2) “Today is different from what it was before”: Re-signifying eating; and 3) I’m happy, very happy”: The emergence of a new life. It was observed that the low tolerance to obesity in contemporary times implies the perception that people with obesity not worthy living in society. Thus, bariatric surgery is seen as the solution to the problem, as a way to feel ‘normal’ and visible, through a more socially accepted body. Conclusion: The discourse on health, linked to physical limitations, as the main justification for performing the surgery, seems to be overlaid by esthetic issues in the weight loss process.

Background: There is a myriad of metabolic roles of omega-3 fatty acids. More recently, studies have looked at omega-3 fatty acids effects on skeletal muscle. Objectives: The objective was to determine their effects in situations such as physical activity, obesity, sarcopenia and cachexia. Methods: Bibliographic searches focused on the PubMed database, looking in priority at systematic reviews, until November 2023. Twenty-seven papers were finally included. Results: Omega-3 fatty acids could increase protein anabolism, reduce protein catabolism in the context of exercise-related muscle damages, and could induce beneficial mitochondrial modifications. In obesity, omega-3 fatty acids participate in weight loss and its maintenance, and can help decrease insulin resistance. In sarcopenia atrophic conditions, omega 3 fatty acids allow muscle mass and function maintenance. In cancer cachexia, omega 3 fatty acids are more efficient at the pre-cachectic stage, as they can reduce protein catabolism and increase protein anabolism, but cannot reverse energy imbalance. Conclusions: Omega 3 fatty acids have multiple beneficial effects on skeletal muscle in physical activity, obesity, sarcopenia and cachexia. Yet, these effects are mediated by EPA and DHA, whose sources are solely of marine origins. As marine resources are overexploited, finding diverse sources of omega-3 fatty acids is crucial.

Obesity is now considered as a disease requiring treatment and prevention efforts by reason of severe associated co-morbidities and its growing prevalence in worldwide population. Although origin of this “epidemic” situation is clearly multifactorial, recent changes in our life-style especially about our food supply with an easy access to low-cost energy-dense foods seem to play a significant causal role in this phenomenon. Studies also report that obesity is frequently associated with a preferential consumption of high palatable foods rich in fat and sugar. Since these foods are pleasant and have high hedonic quality, this obesogenic eating behavior change raises the possibility of an alteration of orosensory perception system as a consequence of obesity. This hypothesis has led to a recent literature on the relationship between obesity and sensory sensitivity, known to play a significant role in the food choice. The purpose of this mini-review, focused on the orosensory perception of dietary lipids (i.e. taste of fat), is to provide a short overview of what is observed in food-induced obese rodents as compared to what is found in patients with obesity. It tries to answer to the following basic question: is obesity associated with a loss of orosensory sensitivity to dietary lipids that leads to obesogenic food choices?

Obesity is one of the most urgent problems of modern medical science. While 43 million children were overweight and obese in 2010, the disease is now reaching epidemic proportions. The combination of obesity and hyperuricemia is the two main factors in the progression and spread of arterial hypertension in children. Research has been carried out to identify risk factors for the development of obesity in children. 55 patients with arterial hypertension and exogenous constitutional obesity were examined. Patient selection was based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in obese children. Waist-to-hip ratio was an indicator of abdominal obesity. The results of the study showed that both low birth weight and overweight at birth are risk factors for obesity. Heredity is one of the main risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disease. A relationship has been established between body mass index, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism with previously identified risk factors, as well as an inverse relationship between birth weight and body mass index.

Consumption of meat, especially beef, is often questioned for its effects on human health, particularly because of the growing prevalence of obesity with which it is associated by some. To help see if these are coincidences or co-incidences, the article uses mapping resources, maps were produced from FAO and WHO FaoStat databases, using the Cartes et Données software (Articque) then an additional graphic processing on Adobe Illustrator

Background: Excess weight (obesity and overweight) is a pervasive condition that is considered a global epidemic and a threat to public health. Furthermore, numerous changes in fat deposits occur with the advent of menopause, leading to a change in the distribution of body fat. Knowledge of sociodemographic factors and prevalence can inform the effective management of these women. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of excess weight among postmenopausal women in Ghana’s Bono East (Techiman) region. Setting: This study was conducted in Bono East regional capital, Techiman, Ghana. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted over 5 months at Bono East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana. Anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were obtained using physical measurements while socio-demographic data were gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 25. Results: The mean age of the 378 women who participated in the study was 60.09 ± 6.24 years. Body mass index, WHtR and WHR indicated excess weight of 73.2%, 91.8% and 91.0%, respectively. Education and ethnicity were predictors of excess weight (WHR). Women of the Ga tribe with high school education have 4.7- and 8.6-times increased odds of having excess weight. Conclusions: There are higher prevalence rates of excess weight (obesity and overweight) among postmenopausal women using BMI, WHtR and WHR. Education and ethnicity are predictors of excess weight. Contribution: The study’s findings can be used to develop interventions that focus on addressing excess weight in postmenopausal women within the Ghanaian context.

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Obesity is one of the most important global health problems causing serious health risks and early death in human. It is also associated with disturbance of homeostasis of hormones and immunological biochemical factors inside the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of inhibin B and kisspeptin among Iraqi obese adult people and other biochemical parameters correlated with obesity. Inhibin B and levels of kisspeptin were evaluated in the samples of serum from 40 Iraqi obese adult patients and 30 healthy non-obese individuals. A significant decrease (P

Introduction. The decrease in serum estrogens concentration at menopause disrupts the metabolic balance and leads to visceral obesity, which causes an increase in serum estradiol levels, through aromatase activity. Also, estrogen deficiency is a reason for the development of osteoporosis. The objective of the study was to investigate the serum estradiol levels and changes in bone alpha estrogen receptor expression in an experimental model of osteoporosis. Materials and methods. The study included 20 female Wistar rats at a reproductive age of two months, divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) – 10 ovariectomized rats, and group 2 (G2) -10 rats sham-operated. SPSS 20 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis of the results. For the immunohistochemical study, the nonparametric test – Mann Whitney was used, by comparing the median values. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, with p

Videoconference interviews have a bad reputation in social sciences, and are often criticized on the grounds that they would have negative effects on the quality of the data and the relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee (technical difficulties, emotional barrier, lack of contextual elements in the interview, etc.). The objective of this article is to question this preconception based on an interview survey conducted with women who are candidates for or have undergone bariatric surgery. I show that in this research context, videoconferencing has proven to be beneficial since it grants more control to the interviewees, which has the effect of reducing the asymmetry in the survey relationship, and of encouraging self-disclosure. The objective is less to promote video interviewing over traditional face-to-face interviewing than to ask in which contexts and with which populations this medium may be preferable to physical co-presence.

Dans cet article, je propose une analyse discursive de la nouvelle Politique sur les saines habitudes de vie de l’arrondissement de Montréal-Nord (Québec, Canada) et, plus largement, des enjeux et rapports de pouvoir qui la traversent et l’informent. L’analyse met en évidence les normes, présupposés, et processus d’exclusion qui prennent forme au sein de la Politique. D’abord, je mobilise les travaux issus des « critical fat studies » afin de démontrer comment cette politique s’inscrit dans la lignée des discours et pratiques « anti-obésité », favorisant ainsi l’émergence de formes d’oppression à l’intersection des corps, de l’alimentation et de la santé. Je procède ensuite à une analyse des discours hégémoniques et normatifs qui traversent la Politique et font de l’alimentation « saine » (entendue selon des savoirs occidentaux informés par le nutritionnisme [Scrinis, 2013]) une solution à adopter dans la lutte contre l’obésité ou les maladies chroniques. Tout au long de l’article, je mets en évidence comment des politiques publiques peuvent reproduire des formes de discrimination et d’oppression qui se conjuguent à celles existant déjà, et détourner l’attention des inégalités systémiques et structurelles qui se matérialisent à la longue en troubles de santé, actuellement associés à la diète. Je termine en comparant brièvement cette politique avec le nouveau plan adopté par le Conseil alimentaire de Toronto (le Toronto Black Food Sovereignty Plan), qui reconnaît le racisme systémique et son rôle dans les troubles de santé et d’accès à l’alimentation. Je discute certaines des orientations directrices de ce plan afin de mettre en évidence l’approche distincte qui y est privilégiée.

Medical fatphobia represents all the discrimination suffered by obese or overweight patients by the healthcare system and carers. It is a source of loss of confidence and of non-use. The aim of this study is to gather the experiences of patients and GPs regarding the care and overall management of obese patients in the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and overweight have a recognized impact on spontaneous fertility and the chances of success of assisted reproductive technique (ART), with a decrease in pregnancy and birth rates. Although the positive effect of weight loss on the chances of success of ART remains poorly demonstrated, weight loss is associated with an improvement in menstrual cycles, a better rate of spontaneous pregnancy, and has an interest in reducing the level of maternal-fetal risk in the event of pregnancy. Nevertheless, it implies deferring the management of the infertile couple, and must therefore be justified either by its action on the improvement of spontaneous fertility or the chances of pregnancy after ART, or on the improvement of the comorbidities. The indications for management must therefore be discussed in a multidisciplinary manner and early in the patient’s life : 1/ obstetrical preconception consultation to discuss the maternal-fetal risks of pregnancy according to BMI and comorbidities, 2/ consultation in reproductive medicine to define the cause of infertility and the technical possibilities of ART, and 3/ preconception consultation with a nutritionist doctor to determine the possibilities of weight loss and how to obtain it according to the necessary weight objective, and then an follow up of the pregnant woman. The weight objectives must be discussed early in the process, taking into account the age of the patients, especially after 35 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'obésité est un problème majeur de santé publique. Son incidence et celle des MICI augmentent. Par conséquent, un grand nombre de patients MICI pourraient être évalués pour une chirurgie bariatrique. L'obésité apparaît comme un facteur péjoratif dans les MICI avec un effet probablement proinflammatoire. La pharmacocinétique des traitements est également impactée. Les complications post-opératoires ne sont pas augmentées dans les MICI, on note cependant un changement du microbiote en post-chirurgie avec un impact sur la calprotectine. Obesity is a major healthcare problem worldwide. Incidence of IBD is rising in parallel with overweight and obesity. As a consequence, a great number of IBD patients could be evaluated for a bariatric surgery. It appears that obesity has a negative impact on IBD, with pro inflammatory effects. Treatment pharmacokinetic is impacted. Bariatric surgery is feasible with no increase of post operative complications. A change in microbiote and an effect on fecal calprotectin is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: S'intéresser à la collapsologie ne revient pas à adhérer aux discours catastrophistes, tant écologiques qu'économiques, ou à tout autre discours post-apocalyptique ou survivaliste. Toutefois, cette approche peut être mobilisée afin de relier différentes thématiques, dont les inégalités sociales, la surconsommation de biens, l'épuisement des ressources, le développement de l'agro-industrie et son impact environnemental, ou le développement de l'alimentation manufacturée et de la pandémie d'obésité. Ces phénomènes contribuent parfois à la baisse de l'espérance de vie dans les sociétés industrielles ou post-industrielles. Ceci ne va pas sans paradoxe, notamment en Occident où les pays sont à la pointe dans de nombreux domaines (agronomique, informatique, militaire, etc.) et, cependant, particulièrement touchés par le développement des maladies non transmissibles, comme l'obésité, le diabète et les maladies cardiovasculaires. An interest in collapsology does not mean adhering to ecological or economic catastrophist discourses or to any other post-apocalyptic or survivalist philosophies. However, this approach can be used to link different themes, including social inequalities, the overconsumption of goods, resource depletion, the development of agro-industry and its environmental impact, the development of manufactured food, and the obesity pandemic. These phenomena sometimes contribute to the decline in life expectancy in industrial or post-industrial societies. This is somewhat paradoxical, especially in western countries which are the most powerful in many fields (agronomy, information technology, military, etc.) and which are nevertheless particularly affected by the development of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injectable semaglutide at a dose of 1 mg once weekly has been shown to be the most efficacious glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist when considering both the improvement in blood glucose control and the reduction in body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). After the SUSTAIN-6 study, published in 2016, which demonstrated not only the good safety but also already the cardiovascular (CV) efficacy of semaglutide in patients with T2D and high CV risk, several large placebo-controlled randomised trials have confirmed improved prognosis with semaglutide in different at risk populations : patients with T2D and chronic kidney disease (FLOW trial), subjects with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, with or without T2D (STEP-HFpEF trial) and people with overweight or obesity (but without T2D) and a confirmed atheromatous cardiovascular disease (SELECT trial). Studies performed in patients with obesity used a higher dose of 2.4 mg/week. These positive results, based upon major clinically relevant outcomes, extend the therapeutic possibilities with semaglutide among at high risk patients of cardiovascular and/or renal diseases.

Incretin gut hormones, especially glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), raise a huge interest in diabetology. GLP-1 receptor agonists have gained a privileged role in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). They improve glucose control without inducing hypoglycaemia, while promoting weight loss. Furthermore, they protect people with T2D against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and contribute to reduce the risk of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, two other common complications of T2D. A recent innovation consists in the development of co-agonists that target both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Whereas the co-infusion of GIP and GLP-1 failed to further reduce hyperglycaemia of T2D compared to GLP-1 single infusion, tirzepatide, an original dual unimolecular biaised GIP/GLP-1 agonist, showed a remarkable improvement of glucose control in the SURPASS programme in patients with T2D. Consequently, it is now commercialized in many countries for the management of T2D. GLP-1/glucagon (GCG) co-agonists and GIP/GLP-1/GCG poly-agonists are currently in development, aiming to benefit from the favourable effects of GCG on energy expenditure and liver lipid metabolism, while mitigating the hyperglycaemic effects of this hormone thanks to balanced effects of GLP-1 and/or GIP. They might occupy in the future an interesting place in the management of obesity and its metabolic complications among which T2D and liver steatosis.

Obesity becomes a chronic disease due to the increasing number of mortality and morbidity cases around the world. In most regions, chronic illnesses, such as obesity, are important sources of morbidity and mortality. Due to a lack of effective strategies for prevention and management, the adverse effects of obesity and related diseases on health continue to be a serious problem. Relevant information was searched from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed using such different terms as “Obesity”, “Obesity Management”, “Obesity AND Physical activity”, “Obesity AND Genetics”, “Obesity AND Diet”, and “Obesity AND Nutrigenomics”. Obesity is characterized by a complex interaction of hereditary and lifestyle factors, which includes food. Diet is an environmental element that plays an important and considerable role in the management of health and reduces the risk of obesity and its comorbidities. Changes in lifestyle patterns not only help burn extra calories but also prevent the development of obesity via its modulating effect on genetic factors. Different people respond differently to an obesogenic environment. The notion of nutrigenetics emerged as a result of various genetic variations that may explain this heterogeneity. Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenetics, is the study that investigates and analyses gene variations linked to varied responses to certain foods; moreover, it links this variation to diseases, such as obesity. As a result, tailored nutrition advice based on a person's genetic profile may improve the outcomes of a specific dietary strategy and offer a novel dietary strategy to improve life quality and preventing obesity. This study concluded that physical activity and dietary interventions play an effective role in the management of obesity. Moreover, understanding of the function of the most prominent obesity-related genes, as well as the interaction between nutrition and gene expression, will help researchers design personalized treatment strategies for humans.

Obesity triggers the development of adipokines such as leptin, resistin, and visfatin, which have been associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy and other vascular disorders. The main purpose of the current investigation was to identify the physiological impact of visfatin on immunological response and its inflammatory effects on nephropathy. Fifty Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at various stages, as described by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and ranging in age from 48.367.56 to 53.68 8.46 years on average were considered. Prior to the start of the investigation, informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the ethics committee approved the study. Patients were classified into two groups: Group (A) comprised patients with a GFR higher than 60 mL/minute, and Group (B) comprised patients with a GFR of less than 60 mL/min. There was no considerable variance between the groups as regards visfatin, but a highly significant correlation between serum visfatin and CRP was observed. The results of the current investigation indicated that serum visfatin levels are significantly correlated with CRP in CKD patients; it is also correlated with deterioration of kidney function. Moreover, higher visfatin levels were accompanied by increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. These findings would suggest that visfatin may perform an essential function in uremia-related inflammation and may serve as a potential target for treatment and prevention of renal associated complications. Future studies may delineate whether visfatin is a marker of disease activity and severity as well as a predictor of outcome in CKD.

Background: There is limited research that describes the growth trajectories of African children. The development of World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards considered a sample of children who lived in environments optimum for human growth. Aim: This study aimed to develop weight-for-age and height-for-age growth curves from the Zimbabwean 2018 National Nutrition Survey and compare them with the WHO growth standards. Setting: Study participants were recruited from all districts in Zimbabwe. Methods: Height-for-age and weight-for-age data collected from 32 248 children were used to develop the Zimbabwean references. Smooth growth curves (height, weight and body mass index [BMI]-for-age) were estimated with the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method and compared with the WHO growth standards. Results: Zimbabwean children were shorter and weighed less in comparison with the WHO growth standards. The –2 standard deviation (s.d.) Z-score curves (height-for-age) for Zimbabwean children (boys and girls) were below the –1 s.d. Z-score curves of the WHO growth standards. The Zimbabwean Z-scores (BMI-for-age) values above –1 s.d. were significantly higher in comparison with the corresponding WHO growth standards. Conclusion: Utilising the WHO growth standards would diagnose a higher proportion of Zimbabwean children as stunted whilst underestimating the proportion at risk of obesity. The WHO growth standards lack a consideration of the geographical, economic, political and environmental constraints existing between countries.

Introduction: The health crisis linked to COVID-19 led to the containment of the general population in order to limit the spread of the virus. With the emergence of this new disease, it was necessary to mobilise in order to limit the transmission of the virus to our obese population, at risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19. To do this, we proposed to carry out our TPE workshops by videoconference to all patients included in the TPE "bariatric surgery" programme. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the benefits and drawbacks of this group distance TVE format, their efficiency in terms of learning and behavioural changes, and the different resources of the programme that facilitate their learning for the pre- and post-surgery course. Methods: This is a two-phase mixed-methods study. The first phase of the study consisted of an exploratory qualitative study using semi-directive interviews with 18 patients who had followed the distance TPE from March 2020 to May 2020, to explore their experiences of the different educational sessions. In a second phase, the exploratory study made it possible to draw up a questionnaire to gather the views of all the patients educated from March 2020 to May 2021. The analysis of the answers mobilised the theory of capabilities to identify the positive or negative conversion factors of the programme for the patients' learning. Results: Of the 70 patients included, 43 responded to the questionnaire... This video conferencing TPE enabled the scheduling of surgical procedures to be maintained. Patients reported time savings due to the absence of travel. Patients with low digital literacy were able to access this programme. Participants stressed the importance of continuity of connection with caregivers. Patients reported self-care skills acquired through this distance learning and an average weight loss of 7 kg. Both positive and negative learning factors were identified. Discussion: The results of this study demonstrate the interest in developing e-TPE programmes for several reasons: the difficulties in bringing these patients to the hospital, the geographical inequalities in access to TPE, the absence of reimbursement for transport tickets and the lack of dedicated spaces available. It therefore seems important to train professionals and patients in the digital tool. Conclusion: This study of a population of obese patients who participated in a TVE programme by videoconference during a pandemic and a period of confinement shows the perceived quality of this distance education. In view of the different programmes transposed into distance format, it would be interesting to promote research crossing the experiences of patients and professionals to propose the best educational format to the health authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is defined as excess body fat with adverse health consequences and is a chronic disease often associated with co-morbidities when it persists into adulthood. It is therefore important to support adolescents with obesity during the transition to adulthood in order to avoid a medical worsening. This risk is particularly important in the case of monogenic or syndromic obesity, especially as it is also a period of fragility with an important psychosocial dimension. Dedicated organizations have emerged since few years, such as transition platforms, to facilitate coordination between health professionals and help young people to integrate their dedicated care pathway as adult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first part of the report on the special sessions held during the 40th SFB congress in Toulon from October 5th to 7th, 2021. It includes the «surgical» and «intensive care» sessions, awaiting completion of the «rehabilitation» report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The worldwide alarming rise in the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has made the prevention and early treatment of obesity an important medical goal. The objective of the study was to assess the role of proinflammatory markers, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) in the development of MS in children and the impact of treatment with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors on the degree of obesity and blood pressure values. Material and methods. The study included 24 children with metabolic syndrome. The serum values of lepine, adiponectin, TNF- and hs-CRP were determined in children with MS compared to a control group of 50 children of similar age. Results. The serum level of leptin, hs-CRP, and TNF- was higher in children with MS as compared with the control group. The adiponectin level was lower in children with MS, compared to the control group. After eight weeks of drug treatment with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors in all children, a decrease in body mass index, abdominal circumference and blood pressure values was found, but the most important decreases were found in children who received non-pharmacological treatment in combination with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Conclusions. Hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, increased serum hs-CRP and TNF- suggest that these adipokines/cytokines contribute to subclinical inflammation in children with MS and may also serve as biomarkers of MS. In combination with a low-calorie diet, regular exercise and lifestyle changes, treatment with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors may help to reduce the prevalence of obesity and hypertension in children.

Introduction. The complexity of the interaction between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), comorbidities, and emerging complications requires a clinical approach that manages risk while maintaining indicated therapeutic goals. The objective of the study was to analyse the frequency and effectiveness of mono- and combined glucose-lowering therapy in T2DM patients with obesity and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Material and methods. The retrospective study analysed 579 medical records of T2DM patients, who were divided in the following groups: group 1- patients with normal body weight and without CP (n=67); group 2 – patients with normal body weight and with CP (n=32); group 3- overweight patients without CP (n=126); group 4 – overweight patients with CP (n=33); group 5 – obese patients without CP (n=262); group 6 – obese patients with CP (n=59). When evaluating the effectiveness of the received therapy, the target value of HbA1c less than 7% was considered. Results. Most of the patients with T2DM+CP and T2DM with normal body weight received combined therapy. The presence of CP significantly influences the choice of treatment for T2DM, particularly, 81.5% of patients with T2DM and CP were prescribed combined therapy. There was no significant difference between serum glucose and HbA1c levels in patients with only T2DM and comorbid T2DM+CP+overweight/obesity regarding monotherapy vs combined glucose-lowering therapy. However, glucose and HbA1c levels in patients with only T2DM on monotherapy were significantly lower, respectively, by 41.72% and 25.64% vs patients with comorbid CP and overweight/obesity, who were also prescribed monotherapy. Conclusion. The presence of CP significantly influences the choice of treatment for T2DM, while overweight/obesity is not a criterion for choosing mono- or combined glucose-lowering therapy. The use of metformin as monotherapy and the use of combined therapy in most of patients with only T2DM and comorbid T2DM do not achieve the target levels of glucose and HbA1c.

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is associated with overweight and pancreatitis. To date, the results of routine laboratory tests are not being utilized as reliable markers for comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of the study. The aim of this study was to analyze complete blood count parameters in order to determine significant predictors of T2DM comorbid course. Material and methods. The study involved 579 T2DM patients with comorbid overweight/obesity and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Complete blood count (CBC) was performed using a Yumizen H500 CT automatic hematology analyzer. Insulin levels were determined using a standard kit with a Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC enzyme-linked immunoassay analyzer. Glucose levels were determined using a standard kit with a COBAS INTEGRA® Diagnostics automatic biochemical analyzer. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated based on CBC. Results. In T2DM patients, glucose levels significantly correlated with the fraction of neutrophilic granulocytes, including segmental neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR, while glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly correlated with the lymphocyte and NLR fractions. Notably, no correlations between leukocyte profile and carbohydrate metabolism variables were found in T2DM patients. We found a negative correlation between glucose levels and the rod-shaped neutrophilic granulocyte fraction, as well as between HbA1c and NLR levels in overweight T2DM patients without CP. In overweight T2DM patients with comorbid CP, glucose levels correlated with the lymphocyte and NLR fractions. Conclusion. T2DM in overweight/obese patients with CP is characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled leukocyte response, therefore a complete blood count is not an adequate marker of the comorbid course of diabetes in such patients.

Obesity and malnutrition are subjected to comprehensive studies as risk factors in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the most recent scientific evidence revealed that a number of issues associated with risk impact processes remain to be clarified. The aim of the current review is to discuss the action mechanisms of obesity and malnutrition, their effect in the prediagnosis and later phases of CRC, with emphasis on concomitant oxidative stress. The relationship obesity-CRC is considered in three aspects: low-grade inflammation and role of adipocytokines, development of metabolic syndrome, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Malnutrition effect is discussed in two aspects – metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress. Data are presented on the specificity of action of the two risk factors referring to the periods of disease course. Oxidative stress is a characteristic indicator of obesity, malnutrition and CRC. This fact enables us to recommend its inclusion together with nutritional status indicators in CRC screening.

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) serves as a proxy for the functional ability and its association with body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in South African adults are less clear. Aim: We investigated the relationships between PA, body composition and HGS amongst adults. Setting: Rural and urban population from North West Province, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed on 688 (198 men; 490 women) adults aged 35–70 years from the 2015 measurement wave of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study from the North West province of South Africa. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) assessed and a dynamometer determined HGS in kilogram. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as measures of body composition. Spearman correlation coefficients determined the relationship between PA, BMI and HGS. Results: In the study, 22% and 26%, respectively, were overweight and obese with women being more overweight and obese compared to men. Sixty percent of the participants met the recommended 150 min or more of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per week. Handgrip strength of the participants in the study was weaker than the published norms. Handgrip strength significantly (p 0.05) differed by age. A significant positive association was found between HGS and BMI. Age negatively (r = –0.12; p = 0.001) correlated with MVPA per week. Conclusion: High prevalence of overweight and obesity exists in the current adults’ sample. It was also evident that poor upper limb muscle strength and MVPA were negatively associated with ageing. Given the health implications of poor strength indicators, PA intervention programmes, comprised of strength activities, for an adult population are urgently recommended.

Introduction - Breast cancer is a public health problem in Algeria, and it is important today to identify the risk groups in order to optimize screening programs. The objective of this study is to discribe the epidemiological profile of breast cancer in West Algeria and to identify its risk factors according to age groups, anthropometric data and lifestyle. Materials and methods - A case-control study (210 cases and 265 witnesses recruited in a general medicine consultation and matched on age and socio-economic level) has been held at the Oncology Department at Oran Hospital. The risk factors addressed in the questionnaire are: early menstruation, parity, oral contraceptives, age at first pregnancy, breastfeeding, late menopause and obesity. Results - The results show that nulliparity is a risk factor for 40 years (OR=14.4, p

The paper's purpose is to evaluate the degree of typological differentiation in the Romanian population using Kretschmer's classification of the three main psychosomatic types: leptosomic, pyknic and athletic. The selection formed by 5 samples from the main historical Romanian's provinces include 712 subjects from 18 to 60 years old (402 males, 312 females). The analysis of typological differentiation was only made from the somatic perspective, using stature and 15 constitutional indexes, which illustrate bodily development, trunk's shape, nutritional status, corpulence, adiposity, bodily robustness, etc. Average values, phenotipical frequencies and tests of significance were calculated. The typological analyses confirms a concordance between subject's bodily conformation and somatic description of the kretschmerian psychosomatic types. In our selection the pyknic type slightly prevails, followed by leptosomic and a lower percent of athletic types. Our study reopens the interest for the biotypological research of populations, important for the knowledge of human diversity, for clinical investigations, professional selection, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]