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Resumo Este trabalho busca desenvolver o conceito de formagir amparado no conceito de diálogo como base para a ética e a política da libertação na perspectiva de Freire. O objetivo é conceituar o formagir, para pensar uma educação dialógica, problematizadora, democrática e libertadora, recriando o conceito de quefazer de Freire. A metodologia é de caráter bibliográfico, numa perspectiva filosófica de análise dos conceitos, reconstruindo-os com base nas obras de Freire. Como resultado, o conceito de formagir conota a práxis libertadora, como processo de ser mais na busca do que não se é, rompendo com o ser opressor. O formagir dialógico permite pensar a ética e a política da educação como libertação e crescimento do modo de vida democrático.

O artigo analisa a concepção de experiência como modo de vida e sua relevância para a “ecologia de saberes”, contrapondo paradigmas hegemônicos e coloniais. Destaca o pragmatismo epistêmico de John Dewey, defendendo sua contribuição para a inteligibilidade da experiência dos oprimidos. Questiona se Dewey promove a de(s)colonização do saber. Ao utilizar uma abordagem qualitativa na Filosofia de Educação e dialogar com Grazziontin, Klaus e Pereira (2022), conclui que a teoria de Dewey incentiva a ação descolonizadora, emergindo da reflexão crítica e prática transformadora. Assim, sua concepção de experiência é fundamental para uma ecologia de saberes e fazeres, de modo que fortalece a de(s)colonialidade como modo de vida. Palavras-chave: Pragmatismo. John Dewey. Ecologia de Saberes. Estudos de(s)coloniais. Experiência.

Objective: This paper aims to test the hypothesis of the constitutionality of the public policies implementation by the Federal Supreme Court to tackle Covid-19 in the Brazilian prison system supported by the unconstitutional state of affairs theory developed by the Constitutional Court of Colombia. Background: To this end, it addresses the serious political and legal issues of the prison system, which have been aggravated by the current pandemic moment. Method: The indicative paradigm was prioritized as the methodology of the present work, with the study of two paradigmatic cases analyzed under the theoretical frameworks necessary to apprehend concepts inherent to the theme. Results: As obtained, the research shows that the declaration by the Federal Supreme Court of the unconstitutional state of affairs in the Brazilian prison system innovates by opening possibilities for the Court to take on the role in the formulation, implementation and control of public policies. In cooperation with the other Powers (and eventually with private actors). With the aim of promoting material democracy. Despite the caution that must be taken in order to guarantee the soundness of the separation of Powers (an essential element of a democratic State). An analysis based on the principle of the unity of the Constitution (which must be interpreted as a system of interrelated norms) endorses the legitimacy of applying the theory of the unconstitutional state of affairs in cases where it is not possible to achieve the realization of fundamental rights. As is the case of the prison system. Conclusion: In this way, the intersections between constitutionalism and democracy are worked, as well as the role of the Powers in facing the health crisis from the theoretical analysis of these elements (bibliographic review); an analysis of the paradigmatic decisions (albeit in a preliminary order) of the Federal Supreme Court (ADPF 347 and ADPF 684), which embraces, for the first time in Brazil, the theory of the unconstitutional state of affairs; paradigm decisions are compared with the Covid-19 numbers provided by public entities. In the end, this work proves the constitutionality and the need to implement public policies to protect the rights of the vulnerable in the penal system. It is especially true in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and that the Constitutional Court's role in this mission does not corrupt the Separation of Powers, if the requirements of the unconstitutional state of affairs theory are met.

Increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in the Netherlands is raising attention on the unsaturated response of geo-infrastructures, promoting research projects to provide an overview of the impact of unsaturated conditions on the response of shallow soil layers and embankments, and to better address maintenance and mitigation measures. As part of this effort, we discuss the results of standard laboratory tests performed on initially unsaturated samples retrieved from the field and tested in natural conditions, as well as after controlled drying and wetting. The variation of the “undrained” (i.e. at constant water content) shear strength with the degree of saturation obtained from the laboratory tests aligns well with CPT measurements performed in the field. An elastic-plastic constitutive model with mixed isotropic-rotational hardening developed for saturated soft soils was extended to unsaturated conditions by following a robust approach previously developed for compacted clayey soils. Coupling between the mechanical and the hydraulic behaviour is provided by the water retention curve. The model nicely captures the response observed in the laboratory, until extreme dry conditions, which possibly alter the structure of the soil, the peak stress, and the brittleness after failure. The model is capable of reproducing the effects of the previous hydraulic history on the stress-strain behaviour observed from the laboratory tests over a wide range of degree of saturation.

A relevant part of the geotechnical infrastructure in the north of Europe and overseas is built on soft organic soils, including peat. Peat is extremely vulnerable to climate-related hazards as increased temperature accelerates drying, shrinkage and decomposition of the organic matter. Peat exhibits dramatic changes in volume with changes in water content. As the material deforms, the pore space evolves and changes the water retention response. The evolution of the pore space leads to a hysteretic relationship between suction, water content, and void size distribution. In this work, data from free shrinkage-swelling and suction measurements on natural fibrous peat subjected to drying and wetting cycles are presented and discussed. The water retention and shrinkage behaviour of the samples are modelled by accounting for capillarity and considering the evolution of the pore size distribution. X-Ray computer tomography was used to explore the change in the pore space upon shrinkage and drying. The experimental evidence shows that peat experiences distinct shrinkage zones including one where accelerated contraction occurs. Such behaviour is explained as a consequence of the interactions of an aggregated fabric. This is supported by the conceptual modelling approach that highlights the pivotal role of the evolving pore space.

RESUMO Este estudo objetiva refletir acerca do seguinte problema: qual é o papel da escola pública na formação da sociedade democrática? A pesquisa adota a metodologia bibliográfica, focando o estudo nas obras de Anísio Teixeira. O texto apresenta a contribuição do autor para a consolidação da escola pública brasileira. A educação proposta consiste na criação do ambiente democrático propiciado pelo ensino escolar. A sua vertente de escola nova concebe a educação como modo de vida democrático de reconstrução da experiência em torno de interesses comuns. Segundo Anísio, a escola pública é o instrumento institucional mais eficiente para a construção da sociedade democrática e, por isso, deve ser entendida e defendida necessariamente como universal, gratuita, obrigatória, laica e de qualidade.

Este estudo teve o intuito de identificar quais características empreendedoras podem ser encontradas nos alunos formandos do curso de Comércio Internacional de uma universidade localizada na serra gaúcha. A identificação de tais atributos poderá auxiliar a entidade acadêmica, uma vez que explora o assunto do empreendedorismo nos meios do Comércio Internacional e da Universidade, sugerindo uma possível reflexão acerca do currículo oferecido pelo curso, com a intenção de aprimorar o ensino do empreendedorismo. A metodologia adotada consistiu na pesquisa quantitativa, de caráter exploratório, e o instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um questionário estruturado, validado por cinco especialistas nas áreas de comércio internacional, empreendedorismo e psicologia. Cabe ressaltar que os dados foram analisados e interpretados por meio da estatística descritiva. Os principais resultados obtidos a partir da realização do trabalho foram a identificação de elevada presença de características empreendedoras nos formandos, refletindo nos altos níveis de perfil empreendedor apresentados pelos alunos e, mais além, a relação destes resultados com a disciplina de Empreendedorismo em Comércio Internacional, possibilitando verificar que ela contribui para a formação ou desenvolvimento das características empreendedoras nos acadêmicos. Palavras-chave: Empreendedorismo. Perfil empreendedor. Características empreendedoras. ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify which entrepreneurial characteristics can be found in located in the Serra Gaúcha. International Trade graduate students. The identification of such attributes may assist the academic entity, once it explores the subject of entrepreneurship within the International Trade and University area, proposing a possible reflection upon the curriculum offered by the course, with the intention of optimizing the education of entrepreneurship. The methodology consisted of a qualitative research, with exploratory approach, and the data collection instrument used was a structured questionnaire, validated by five experts in international trade, entrepreneurship and psychology areas. It is worth noting that the data was analyzed and interpreted through descriptive statistics. he main results obtained from this study were the identification of great presence of entrepreneurial characteristics in the graduates, reflecting in the high levels of entrepreneurial profile presented by the students and, furthermore, the relation of such results to the discipline of Entrepreneurship in the International Trade, allowing to verify that attributes with the levels of entrepreneurial profile of the students and, furthermore, to relation of these results with the class of Entrepreneurship in International Trade, allowing to verify that such class contributes to the formation or development of entrepreneurial characteristics in the academics. Keywords: Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial profile. Entrepreneurial characteristics.

Objetivos: Descrever o perfil das vítimas de acidentes de transportes atendidos em três unidades de referência em urgência e emergência na capital de Mato Grosso. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com base nas informações sobre as vítimas de acidentes de transporte notificadas em 2011 pelo Projeto VIVA em Cuiabá-MT. Resultados: Em 2011, 241 vítimas de acidentes de transporte foram notificadas (32,1% dos atendimentos). A maioria das vítimas era do sexo masculino (71,4%), jovens (38,4%), de cor da pele preta (76,3%) e com 9-11 anos de estudo (42,7%). Prevaleceram os acidentes envolvendo condutores (72,0%), motociclistas (73,0%) e ocorridos no domingo (21,2%). Os acidentes de trabalho representaram 28,6% dos atendimentos. Conclusão: Os acidentes de transporte representam grande maioria entre as causas externas notificadas, destacando-se entre as vítimas os motociclistas e a população jovem. Observou-se que a Rede VIVA fornece importantes subsídios para investigação de indivíduos mais suscetíveis aos acidentes de transporte.

The paper assesses fully coupled hydro-mechanical numerical approaches developed for unsaturated soils to model the effect of free gas overpressure on the response of peat layers. A simple linear model is used for the soil skeleton, however, the global response is non-linear due to changes over time of the compressibility of the solid skeleton over the compressibility of the fluid, and solubility of gas in water. The overpressure generated in foundation peat layers by barometric pressure oscillations is modelled, and the results are compared to literature data. The development of pore overpressure upon unloading is analysed as a function of the soil skeleton compressibility, and the consequences on the average stress acting on the soil skeleton are discussed.

This article will discuss how the current criminal policy of "drug war" waged in Brazil intensifies the various forms of violence to which women are subjected in a deeply unequal society. The current criminal drug policy has been responsible for the significant increase in the incarceration of women in recent years. The criminal justice system operates selectively, focusing on women in situation of social and economic vulnerability. Poor women are victims of structural violence and gender inequality that puts in a subordinate condition in society, especially in the world of work. With the passage through the prison, they become victims of institutional violence. The suffering in prison is intensified by the condition of the mother, as a woman. We will use the bibliographical research, theoretical analysis of official data and ethnographic data collected in field research conducted in female Prison Piraquara, in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil), to support this work. En este artículo se analiza como la política criminal actual de "guerra contra las drogas", emprendida en Brasil, intensifica las diversas formas de violencia a las que las mujeres son sometidas en una sociedad profundamente desigual. La actual política criminal de la droga ha sido responsable por el aumento significativo en el encarcelamiento de las mujeres en los últimos años. El sistema de justicia penal opera selectivamente, centrándose en las mujeres en situación de vulnerabilidad social y económica. Las mujeres pobres son las víctimas de la violencia estructural y de la desigualdad de género, que las coloca en una posición subordinada en la sociedad, especialmente en el lugar de trabajo. Con el paso por la cárcel, se convierten en víctimas de la violencia institucional. El sufrimiento que se padece en prisión es intensificado por la condición de madre y mujer. Vamos a utilizar la literatura teórica, el análisis de los datos oficiales y los datos etnográficos recogidos en la investigación de campo realizada en la cárcel de mujeres en Piraquara, región metropolitana de Curitiba (Brasil), para apoyar este trabajo. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2611052

This article will discuss how the current criminal policy of "drug war" waged in Brazil intensifies the various forms of violence to which women are subjected in a deeply unequal society. The current criminal drug policy has been responsible for the significant increase in the incarceration of women in recent years. The criminal justice system operates selectively, focusing on women in situation of social and economic vulnerability. Poor women are victims of structural violence and gender inequality that puts in a subordinate condition in society, especially in the world of work. With the passage through the prison, they become victims of institutional violence. The suffering in prison is intensified by the condition of the mother, as a woman. We will use the bibliographical research, theoretical analysis of official data and ethnographic data collected in field research conducted in female Prison Piraquara, in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil), to support this work. En este artículo se analiza como la política criminal actual de "guerra contra las drogas", emprendida en Brasil, intensifica las diversas formas de violencia a las que las mujeres son sometidas en una sociedad profundamente desigual. La actual política criminal de la droga ha sido responsable por el aumento significativo en el encarcelamiento de las mujeres en los últimos años. El sistema de justicia penal opera selectivamente, centrándose en las mujeres en situación de vulnerabilidad social y económica. Las mujeres pobres son las víctimas de la violencia estructural y de la desigualdad de género, que las coloca en una posición subordinada en la sociedad, especialmente en el lugar de trabajo. Con el paso por la cárcel, se convierten en víctimas de la violencia institucional. El sufrimiento que se padece en prisión es intensificado por la condición de madre y mujer. Vamos a utilizar la literatura teórica, el análisis de los datos oficiales y los datos etnográficos recogidos en la investigación de campo realizada en la cárcel de mujeres en Piraquara, región metropolitana de Curitiba (Brasil), para apoyar este trabajo. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2611052

Este texto discute cuestiones de políticas, prácticas y discursos feministas. Habla de la ambigüedad en el feminismo que busca la normalidad, y, a la vez, una ruptura con ésta. Expone el hecho de que los que intentan "exportar" la democracia usan las mujeres para objetivos políticos. Por otra parte, el capitalismo, predicando el goce sin límite, en lugar de proporcionarlo a las mujeres, las ha convertido incluso más en objetos de deseo. Muraro y Cigarini explican cómo el miedo de las mujeres a sufrir la violencia de género ha permitido a la sociedad patriarcal controlar más a las mujeres. No se logrará un cambio de verdad hasta que los hombres no sean capaces de cuestionar su propia sexualidad e imaginario. Opinan que el feminismo "exportado" siempre es incompatible con las tradiciones culturales, religiosas o nacionalistas, ya que las feministas son mujeres que no aceptan ni la subordinación ni la asimilación a los hombres. Finalmente, afirman que no creen que se haya hecho una lectura demasiado positiva de la tradición femenina.