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This article describes the major trends and events in Dostoevsky studies in North America in the past five years. It begins by providing an overview of notable scholarship in the last five years as well as forthcoming: these include works informed by a philosophical perspective, those which deal with narrative form, and those rooted in contemporary discourse, as well as new computational methods. It also discusses works which are aimed at students, teachers, and general readers of Dostoevsky. The article then goes on to provide a discussion of the history and organization of the North American Dostoevsky Society and the public outreach events and scholarly activities that it organizes, including its popular blog, Bloggers Karamazov. It also provides a summary of the transnational online program organized by the Society and other organizations for the 2021 Dostoevsky bicentenary, which include a lecture series and a birthday party. Finally, the article touches on global connections enabled by new technology and the future of Dostoevsky studies in North America, in particular the website of the International Dostoevsky Society and the online transfer and update of the Society’s bibliography into a research portal hosted on that website.

The synthesis, characterisation and application of radiolabelled compounds for use in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine requires a diverse skill set. This article highlights a selection of our ongoing projects that aim to provide new synthetic methods and radiochemical tools for building molecular imaging agents with various radionuclides.

Jakob von Uexküll’s (1864-1944) account of Umwelt has been proposed as a mediating concept to bridge the gap between ecological psychology’s realism about environmental information and enactivism’s emphasis on the organism’s active role in constructing the meaningful world it inhabits. If successful, this move would constitute a significant step towards establishing a single ecological-enactive framework for cognitive science. However, Uexküll’s thought itself contains different perspectives that are in tension with each other, and the concept of Umwelt is developed in representationalist terms that conflict with the commitments of both enactivism and ecological psychology. One central issue shared by all these approaches is the problem of how a living being experiences its environment. In this paper, we will look at Uexküll’s reception in French philosophy and highlight the different ways in which the concept of Umwelt functions in the work of Georges Canguilhem, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Gilles Deleuze. This analysis helps clarify different aspects of Uexküll’s thought and the deeper philosophical implications of importing his concepts into embodied cognitive science. This paper is part of a recent trend in which enactivism engages with continental philosophy in a way that both deepens and transcends the traditional links to phenomenology, including most recently the thought of Georg W. F. Hegel and Gilbert Simondon. However, no more than a brief outline and introduction to the potentials and challenges of this complex conceptual intersection can be given here. Our hope is that it serves to make more explicit the philosophical issues that are at stake for cognitive science in the question of experienced environments, while charting a useful course for future research.

National parks provide a wide range of ecological, social and economic benefits. However, in some cases the establishment of national parks has also lead to the displacement of indigenous people, the disruption of their livelihoods, and ongoing social conflict. Northern Thailand's national parks are home to approximately one million indigenous people. Balancing the interests and needs of national park authorities with those of indigenous communities within and adjacent to these parks poses significant challenges. This article employs qualitative research methods to assess the livelihood strategies of six indigenous hill tribe communities residing within three national parks in Northern Thailand. Due to the criminalization of the traditional farming systems and restrictions imposed on land use, these communities have had to adapt their livelihood practices to survive. Our findings suggest that communities remain in a state of flux and are continually adapting to changing circumstances. It is argued that greater community empowerment and participation in collaborative decision making is crucial to strengthen both sustainable livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts within Northern Thailand's national parks. Keywords: Sustainable livelihoods, co-management, Northern Thailand, national parks, social justice

Introduction: Osteoporosis prevention is heavily reliant on education programs, which are most effective when tailored to their intended audience. Most osteoporosis prevention education is designed for older adults, making application of these programs to younger adults difficult. Designing programs for young adults requires understanding the information-seeking practices of young adults, so that knowledge about osteoporosis can be effectively translated. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 60 men and women—multiethnic, Canadian young adults—to explore both the sources and types of information they search for when seeking information on nutrition or bone health. Results: The results of this study raised themes related to the sources participants use, to their interests and to ways of engaging young adults. Prevention programs should make use of traditional sources, such as peers, family members and medical professionals, as well as emerging technologies, such as social media. Choice of sources was related to the perceived authority of and trust associated with the source. Messaging should relate to young adult interests, such as fitness and food—topics on which young adults are already seeking information—rather than being embedded within specific osteoporosis awareness materials. Engaging young adults means using relatable messages that are short and encourage small changes. Small gender-based differences were found in the information-seeking interests of participants. Differences related to age were not examined. Conclusion: Creating short, action-oriented messages that are designed to encourage small changes in behaviour and are packaged with information that young adults are actively seeking is more likely to result in active engagement in prevention behaviours.

This qualitative study set out to determine how multicultural literature was used and perceived by US elementary school teachers, and how the beliefs of teachers shape perceptions, selection, interpretation, and the teaching of multicultural literature (Ketter & Lewis, 2001). Twenty-six (26) elementary school teachers across the country responded to this study. An invitational email with a web-survey hyperlink was utilized. Variables pertaining to participant background, definition, selection acquirement and application of “multicultural” literature, the elementary school community and district mandates were addressed in the web survey. Findings revealed that all participants used multicultural literature sometime during the school year. The majority of participants were Caucasian females teaching in suburban schools, which did not have a mandated multicultural curriculum. Regardless of mandates, the majority applied a “narrow” definition for multicultural literature using the words “cultural”, “race,” and “nationality.” Other findings indicated that elementary school teachers used multicultural literature more frequently when they had strong administrative support, regardless of their students’ or their own ethnicity.

Introduction : La prévention de l’ostéoporose dépend grandement des programmes d’éducation, qui sont efficaces surtout lorsqu’ils sont adaptés à leurs destinataires. La plupart des programmes d’éducation préventive étant conçus pour les adultes relativement âgés, leur application est plus difficile auprès d’un public adulte plus jeune. Concevoir des programmes à l’intention des jeunes adultes nécessite de tenir compte de leurs pratiques de recherche d’information, de manière à favoriser une application efficace des connaissances sur l’ostéoporose. Méthodologie : Des entrevues individuelles ont été réalisées auprès de 60 hommes et femmes (population multiethnique composée de jeunes adultes canadiens) pour connaître leurs sources d’information et les types de renseignements recherchés en matière de nutrition ou de santé des os. Résultats : Les résultats de notre étude portent sur les sources utilisées par les participants, leurs champs d’intérêt et les façons de mobiliser les jeunes adultes. Les programmes de prévention devraient exploiter à la fois les sources d’information traditionnelles, telles que les pairs, les membres de la famille et les professionnels de la santé, et les nouvelles technologies, comme les médias sociaux. Le choix des sources s’est révélé motivé par leur autorité perçue et la confiance qui leur était accordée. L’information devrait rejoindre les champs d’intérêt des jeunes adultes et les thèmes sur lesquels ils s’informent déjà, comme le conditionnement physique et l’alimentation, plutôt qu’être intégrée exclusivement à une documentation de sensibilisation sur l’ostéoporose. On peut susciter l’intérêt des jeunes adultes à l’aide de messages courts auxquels ils peuvent s’identifier et qui les encouragent à effectuer de petits changements dans leurs habitudes. Les intérêts en matière d’information variaient légèrement en fonction du sexe des participants. Les différences attribuables à l’âge des participants n’ont pas été examinées. Conclusion : La manière la plus susceptible d’encourager les jeunes adultes à adopter des comportements de prévention consiste à créer de courts messages axés sur l’action, visant à les amener à réaliser de petits changements de comportement et contenant des renseignements en lien avec leurs recherches actives.

This article examines the narrative demands placed on asylum seekers to the United States. Engaging with scholars from the felds of narratology and literature, this article argues that “telling a story” is an implicit requirement of the asylum application process to the United States, and that the stories of asylum seekers are evaluated for their truthfulness on the basis of criteria that align with literary standards of veracity. The article examines the implications of bringing these literary standards of veracity to bear on asylum seekers’ stories, and explores the ways in which a “true” story told by an asylum seeker may fail to be recognized as such.

Decision makers require disaster risk management (DRM) tools to better prepare for and respond to emergencies, and for making sound land- use planning decisions. Risk tools need to incorporate multiple hazard and asset types, and have the versatility to adapt to local contexts. RiskScape is a natural hazards impact and loss modelling tool developed to support DRM related decision making in New Zealand. The RiskScape software has benefitted from over 10 years of research and development, and has been used for a diverse range of applications both in New Zealand and internationally. Experience and challenges in applying RiskScape beyond New Zealand are highlighted in this study through the tailoring of RiskScape for Pacific Island countries, as part of the Pacific Risk Tool for Resilience (PARTneR) project. PARTneR is a collaborative project between the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), GNS Science, the disaster management offices of Samoa and Vanuatu, and the Geoscience Division of the Pacific Community. RiskScape is applied through three demonstration case studies for each country, focused on prominent natural hazards.

This essay examines the question of gender bias in Australian literature and the mariginal state of poetry. "Poetry undoubtedly occupies a peripheral position in Australian literary culture...." "Nevertheless, Australian poetry persists, and stubbornly flourishes.".

Academic conferences are events geared to disciplinary specialization, and much of the SoTL literature regarding scholarly gatherings addresses their benefits for graduate student apprenticeship. In our organization of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Virginia Woolf, we explored other forms of pedagogy to augment an academic professionalization approach. In particular, we created opportunities for cross-disciplinary teaching and learning, which have particular potential for Humanities students who may end up applying their discipline-specific training in non-academic contexts and in unexpected ways. This paper explores the possibilities and limitations of the cross-disciplinary initiatives that we developed for Interdisciplinary / Multidisciplinary Woolf. Inspired by the interdisciplinarity of the early 20th century British author Virginia Woolf and the current critical movement known as the New Modernist Studies, we outline the theories behind our approach to conference pedagogy and reflect upon our intentions and methods. We also assess learning outcomes in relation to both apprenticeship and non-traditional models of conference-based instructional design, and consider the institutional structures and practices that both enable and limit the scope of cross-disciplinary research and its dissemination at the undergraduate, graduate, and faculty levels. By moving away from the field of literary studies and sharing our scholarly teaching perspective in the context of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, we attempt to put into motion the potentially transformative disciplinary boundary-crossings that motivated the 2012 Woolf Conference. Les colloques universitaires sont des événements axés sur la spécialisation des disciplines et une grande partie des publications en ACEA concernant les rencontres savantes traitent de leurs avantages pour l’apprentissage des étudiants de cycles supérieurs. Lors de la préparation de notre XXe Colloque international annuel sur Virginia Woolf, nous avons exploré d’autres formes de pédagogie afin d’élargir l’approche de professionnalisation académique. En particulier, nous avons créé des opportunités d’enseignement et d’apprentissage pluridisciplinaire qui présentent un potentiel particulier pour les étudiants des humanités qui vont peut-être finir par mettre en application leur formation spécifique à leur discipline à des contextes non-académiques et de manières inattendues. Cet article explore les possibilités et les limites des initiatives pluridisciplinaires que nous avons développées pour notre colloque intitulé Woolf Interdisciplinaire / Pluridisciplinaire. Inspirés par l’interdisciplinarité de l’auteure britannique du début du XXe siècle, Virginia Woolf, et par le mouvement critique actuel qu’on appelle Études du nouveau modernisme, nous présentons les théories sous-jacentes à notre approche de la pédagogie des colloques et proposons une réflexion sur nos intentions et nos méthodes. Nous évaluons également les résultats d’apprentissage par rapport à l’apprentissage lui-même et par rapport aux modèles non traditionnels de conception de l’enseignement basé sur les cours magistraux et prenons en considération les structures et les pratiques institutionnelles qui favorisent mais qui limitent également l’étendue de la recherche pluridisciplinaire et sa diffusion aux niveaux du premier cycle, des cycles supérieurs et des professeurs. En nous éloignant du domaine des études littéraires et en partageant notre perspective d’enseignement intellectuel dans le contexte de l’Avancement des connaissances en enseignement et en apprentissage, nous tentons de mettre en mouvement les possibilités de franchissement des limites disciplinaires transformateur qui ont motivé le colloque sur Virginia Woolf de 2012.

Research Framework : Over the thirty years before World War I, expansion of the world economy occasioned new opportunities and new constraints for children and adolescents as well as adults; but experiences and responses of minors are understated in print sources. Objectives : To discover what societal changes young people noticed and talked about, we examined the « children's page » of a weekly newspaper available for a rural setting in the South Island of New Zealand. The perspective of youth is essential to interpret trajectories inferred from the more conventional sources available in a North American urban setting (Montreal, Quebec). Methodology : From the internet archive PapersPast we collected 12,000 letters of young people aged six through nineteen years, 1886-1909, and extracted their comments on two popular topics : the work they reported (paid or unpaid) and their accounts of toothache. Results : The letters inform us about tasks of young people by age, gender, season, daily routine and household structure. Changes in work assignments at ages 12 to 14, coincident with a spurt of growth and, for most, the end of formal schooling, evoked discussion among them about gender roles and, among girls, protest of the scheduling of their growing up. Conclusion : The seasonality of tasks assigned to children still in school indicates an unrecognized contribution to the elasticity of the rural economy on a global frontier of the industrial food supply. Reallocation of the labour of young people was an ongoing process, subject to negotiation. Contribution : The wealth of information and opinion accessed in the letters invites further experiment with newspaper content analysis for recognizing the participation of segments of the population whose contributions to economic growth have been underestimated.

Research Framework : Over the thirty years before World War I, expansion of the world economy occasioned new opportunities and new constraints for children and adolescents as well as adults; but experiences and responses of minors are understated in print sources. Objectives : To discover what societal changes young people noticed and talked about, we examined the « children's page » of a weekly newspaper available for a rural setting in the South Island of New Zealand. The perspective of youth is essential to interpret trajectories inferred from the more conventional sources available in a North American urban setting (Montreal, Quebec). Methodology : From the internet archive PapersPast we collected 12,000 letters of young people aged six through nineteen years, 1886-1909, and extracted their comments on two popular topics : the work they reported (paid or unpaid) and their accounts of toothache. Results : The letters inform us about tasks of young people by age, gender, season, daily routine and household structure. Changes in work assignments at ages 12 to 14, coincident with a spurt of growth and, for most, the end of formal schooling, evoked discussion among them about gender roles and, among girls, protest of the scheduling of their growing up. Conclusion : The seasonality of tasks assigned to children still in school indicates an unrecognized contribution to the elasticity of the rural economy on a global frontier of the industrial food supply. Reallocation of the labour of young people was an ongoing process, subject to negotiation. Contribution : The wealth of information and opinion accessed in the letters invites further experiment with newspaper content analysis for recognizing the participation of segments of the population whose contributions to economic growth have been underestimated.

Functional molecular imaging provides a unique perspective on a disease. Methods including positron-emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow us to interrogate spatial and temporal changes in biomarkers as well as probe the underlying biochemistry. When imaging is combined with molecular diagnostic tools, opportunities arise for measuring aberrant cellular signalling pathways with unprecedented detail. This brief commentary illustrates how radiotracers and nuclear imaging methods are being developed to monitor drug efficacy and simultaneously support the goal of personalised healthcare.

The incidence of trypanosomosis in sentinel cattle on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, was monitored every two to five months in 1994-97 to observe changes in disease transmission attributable logically to the application of insecticides, the release of sterilized tsetse flies (Glossina austeni Newstead) and the consequent decline and eradication of the wild tsetse population. Two parasitological techniques (microhematocrit centrifuge and buffy coat) were used to monitor the disease incidence caused by Trypanosoma congolense Broden and T. vivax Ziemann. T. congolense and T. vivax were detected in 1994 and 1995, but only T. vivax was detected thereafter. By 1997, the incidence of bovine trypanosomosis was only 0.1%. There was evidently no increase in disease incidence due to the release of sterilized isometamidium chloride-treated male tsetse flies.

Using nuanced and specific to each geographical context news media and public opinion data from a trans–national comparative research project ‘The EU in the Eyes of Asia–Pacific’ (2002-on going), paper draws together a number of common comparative themes from the seven case-studies of EU external perceptions in Asia: Japan, China, South Korea, India, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. The study explores EU media and general public images in Asia before and during the sovereign euro debt crisis testing the claim that the on-going economic crisis has ‘damaged’ EU external image. The findings debate on the EU’s expectations and capabilities in Asia. This debate reflects on the hypothesis of ‘capability-expectations gap’ (Hill 1993) (namely, the gap that exists between the excessive expectations placed on the EU from both inside and outside the Union and the insufficient capability assigned to the EU by its members that renders it unable to match these expectations).

This study based on fecal egg counts and fecal cultures showed that strongyleinfections were a major health constraint in adult horses in North Vietnam. Inpackhorses from mountainous areas, the mean fecal egg count was 2053 eggsper gram (EPG), while in carriage-horses of the Red River delta it was 732.Cyathostoma spp. were found to be the most abundant in all fecal cultures,whereas Strongylus spp. prevalence was less than 7%. It appeared that 63% ofall the animals were eligible for treatment since they had egg counts higherthan 500 EPG. Further research on the epidemiology of strongyle infections inhorses in North Vietnam is needed before recommendations can be made ona treatment program.

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Candida albicans est un pathogène opportuniste pouvant provoquer des infections systémiques chez des patients immunodéprimés. L’origine de ces infections est principalement d’origine endogène, notamment à partir du tractus gastro-intestinal, où le champignon peut pénétrer à travers la barrière épithéliale intestinale pour gagner ensuite la circulation sanguine. Au niveau de la muqueuse intestinale, les entérocytes forment une monocouche de cellules assurant l’intégrité et l’imperméabilité du tissu digestif. Au niveau des plaques de Peyer notamment, les cellules Microfold (ou cellules M) sont associées aux entérocytes et jouent un rôle important dans l’homéostasie digestive. En effet, ces cellules épithéliales sont spécialisées dans l’endocytose d’antigènes, de molécules ou encore de microorganismes présents dans la lumière intestinale. Elles jouent le rôle de cellules présentatrices d’antigène puisqu’elles présentent au système immunitaire sous-jacent les antigènes endocytés. Ces cellules peuvent également être utilisées par des pathogènes comme Yersinia enterocolitica ou Salmonella typhi comme porte d’entrée pour traverser la barrière épithéliale intestinale. L’interaction de certaines bactéries pathogènes avec les cellules M constitue donc une étape importante dans la physiopathologie des infections causées par ces bactéries. Cependant, aucune étude n’a à ce jour étudié l’interaction de C. albicans avec les cellules M. Afin de mieux comprendre les premières étapes des candidoses invasives à C. albicans , nous avons développé un modèle in vitro décrit par des Rieux et al., 2007, permettant d’obtenir des cellules M à partir de la différenciation d’entérocytes de la lignée Caco-2 mis en contact avec des lymphocytes B Raji. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’interaction spécifique de C. albicans avec des cultures mixtes entérocytes/cellules M. À l’aide de techniques de microscopie électronique à balayage et à fluorescence, et de protocoles permettant d’évaluer l’adhérence et l’invasion de souches sauvages et de mutants de C. albicans , nous avons pu montrer que C. albicans adhérait préférentiellement aux cellules M dans des monocouches mixtes entérocytes/cellules M. De même, nous avons observé que C. albicans pouvait utiliser les cellules M comme porte d’entrée au franchissement de la barrière intestinale. Par ailleurs, alors que C. albicans est capable d’envahir la muqueuse intestinale par pénétration active des hyphes dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales, nous avons montré que l’internalisation des levures était également possible au niveau des cellules M par pénétration active des hyphes mais également par endocytose F-actine dépendante : alors que la pénétration active dans les monocouches mixtes entérocytes/cellules M est facilitée en partie par certaines invasines associées aux hyphes de C. albicans (dont Als3 et Ssa1), la nature des invasines de C. albicans capables d’induire son endocytose par les cellules M reste à déterminer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]