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Introduction: in dentistry, many treatments are invasive and can lead to infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevention of healthcare-associated infections in the dental practice in Rabat. Methods: a survey on the prevention of healthcare-associated infections in Rabat dental practices was conducted among 324 practitioners. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their training, hygiene, protection, organization of premises, asepsis, antisepsis and use of medical devices. Data were collected using JAMOVI version 1.8.4, the Χ² and Fisher tests were used to compare the variables, the significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: only 80 subjects took part in the study. All the dentists had protective equipment, but 68 (85%) did not have instructions on what to do in case of accidental exposure to blood; 41 (62.1%) operators had qualified assistants, 36.4% had a team vaccinated against hepatitis B and 61.3% of operators and assistants had been trained to handle reusable medical devices. Seventy-six studies had isolated examination rooms, 41 had a steam steriliser and a sorting area with sharps collector. However, 35.1% had a contract for the collection of waste generated by health-care activities, posing a significant risk of infection. Conclusion: the results of this study show that most practitioners in Rabat comply with the majority of the aseptic and hygienic standards in dentistry. However, more needs to be done to ensure that staff are vaccinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: mercury exposure is recognized as a worldwide public health concern. However, the effect of long-term exposure to low-doses of this heavy metal is still subject to debate. Due to the use of mercury in dental amalgam, dental health care professionals are chronically exposed to low-doses of this metal. In this context, we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey among liberal dentists in two regions of the center of Morocco. In parallel, the global health status of participants was investigated to assess the relevance of a subsequent etiological survey. Methods: data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Occupational exposure of dentists to mercury was evaluated based on their use of dental amalgam. Moreover, the other common factors increasing the background pollution or inducing exposure peaks were also investigated. On the other hand, smoking, vaccination, fish consumption, and the number of dental amalgam in mouth were considered as non-occupational exposure sources. Finally, the self-reported global health problems of participants were collected. Results: 192 dentists were included in the present study. Seventy-six percent (76.04%) of them declared using dental amalgam in their practice. Moreover, the presence of dental amalgam in mouth was identified as the main non-occupational source of exposure to mercury (63.45% of participants). Finally, most of participants (46.35%) have expressed neuropsychological complaints. Conclusion: altogether, our results revealed a real mercury exposure in the studied population. Thus, effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimize the mercury exposure in dental offices. Moreover, an etiological study will be of great interest to reveal the impact of mercury exposure in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess dentists' compliance with current guidelines of antibiotic prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis (IE) in France. Methods: A national survey was carried out, using a questionnaire developed in collaboration with the Association for the Study and Prevention of Infective Endocarditis (AEPEI). An electronic survey of 136 questions was sent out from September to October 2012 to the 12,000 practitioners who were members of the French Union for Oral Health (UFSBD). Results: 906 practitioners answered the questionnaire and 530 fully completed it. 94% of dentists declared managing patients at risk of IE; however, only 57% properly identified the publication date of the current guidelines promoted by the National Agency for Medicinal and Health Product Safety (ANSM) in 2011. This study highlighted a lack of knowledge of the respondents about the currently recommended management of patients at risk of EI, whether for the assessment of the risk of IE, its prevention or the follow-up of patients with predisposing cardiac conditions. Practitioners were not aware of their lack of knowledge: 59% declared that they had a good or a very good knowledge of these guidelines, but only 13% correctly assessed the risk of developing IE, 3% really knew the allowed or contraindicated procedures in patients at risk of IE, and only 22% had an appropriate drug prescription plan. In addition, there was a lack of the practitioners' compliance with the current guidelines. Only 41% declared having modified their practice according to these guidelines and only 16% had adapted their frequencies. Two major reasons for this lack of compliance were identified by this survey: the low level of scientific evidence to support these guidelines, and a huge evolution in the pathogenesis of IE. Finally, three-quarters of the respondents still wrongly prescribed an antibiotic prophylaxis to patients with moderate risk of EI. Nevertheless, comparing these results with those of two similar previous surveys in 1991 and 2001, the implementation of guidelines has globally improved in 20 years. Conclusions: The compliance with the guidelines on management of patients at risk of IE could be improved. The apparent stability of the incidence of oral streptococci IE in France since the reduction of the antibiotic prophylaxis indications in 2002 could reflect more the lack of the practitioners' compliance than a real efficacy of the current prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectifs: L’abondance d’études récentes sur la relation entre les affections buccodentaires et les complications de grossesse conduit à s’interroger sur les connaissances des professionnels de santé sur ce sujet. Cette étude a pour objectif d’établir un état des lieux des connaissances et des pratiques des professionnels de santé en France sur ce sujet. Patientes et méthodes: Un questionnaire portant sur les connaissances des relations entre pathologies buccodentaires et grossesse a été adressé à des gynécologues-obstétriciens, sages-femmes et chirurgiens-dentistes (CD). Cette étude a été réalisée au centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Nantes et à l’hôpital général du Mans. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-sept rofessionnels de grossesse et 259 CD ont répondu au questionnaire. Les saignements gingivaux et la gingivite gravidique sont les manifestations buccodentaires les plus citées par tous les praticiens. Alors que les résultats concernant le risque carieux et l’épulis diffèrent selon les spécialités. Les complications de grossesse les plus citées sont la menace d’accouchement prématuré et la chorioamniotite. Seuls les CD avaient reçu une formation initiale sur les complications de grossesse. Enfin, l’ensemble des professionnels de santé soulignent l’absence de formation continue sur ce sujet. Discussion et conclusion: Il existe une bonne connaissance des complications de grossesse liées aux maladies buccodentaires malgré l’absence de formation des professionnels de la grossesse (PG), qui ne traduisent pas une prise en charge optimale. Il apparaît nécessaire de renforcer la formation de tous les praticiens dans ce domaine. La conception et la mise en place d’un questionnaire spécifique sur l’état buccodentaires pourrait permettre une meilleure identification des patientes à risque par les PG, et optimiser ainsi la prise en charge des femmes enceintes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectif de l’étude: Étude dosimétrique comparative des organes à risques dentaires entre une irradiation conformationnelle avec modulation d’intensité avec un appareil de tomothérapie et une irradiation conformationnelle tridimensionnelle de cancers de l’oropharynx. Patients et méthodes: À partir de sept dossiers de patients atteints d’un cancer de l’oropharynx, deux dosimétries, une pour une radiothérapie conformationnelle tridimensionnelle et une pour une tomothérapie ont été effectuées. Les distributions de dose dans les volumes cibles et dans les organes à risque de la sphère dentaire ont été comparées. Résultats: En ce qui concerne le volume cible prévisionnel (planning target volume, PTV) du site de la tumeur primitive, les moyennes des V95 % (volumes recevant 95 % de la dose prescrite), D2 % (doses dans 2 % du volume cible), D98 % (doses dans 98 % du volume cible) et de l’indice de conformation étaient statistiquement en faveur de la tomothérapie. Pour le volume cible prévisionnel des aires ganglionnaires, les moyennes des V95 %, D2 %, D98 % étaient statistiquement en faveur de la tomothérapie. Pour les parotides homo- et controlatérales à la lésion tumorale primitive, les moyennes des V15Gy, V26Gy, V30Gy, V40Gy étaient toutes significativement inférieures avec la tomothérapie. Pour les glandes salivaires sous-maxillaires controlatérales, la moyenne des doses moyennes et des V40Gy était statistiquement en faveur de la tomothérapie. Pour la cavité buccale, la moyenne du V45Gy (volume recevant 45Gy) était statistiquement inférieure avec la tomothérapie. Les moyennes des doses moyennes reçues par les muscles masséters homolatéraux et controlatéraux étaient statistiquement inférieures avec la tomothérapie. Les moyennes des doses moyennes mesurées dans les articulations temporomandibulaires homolatérales et controlatérales étaient statistiquement inférieures avec la tomothérapie. Les moyennes des doses moyennes mesurées dans la mandibule étaient statistiquement inférieures avec la tomothérapie par comparaison à la valeur obtenue avec la radiothérapie conformationnelle tridimensionnelle. Conclusion: L’oncologue radiothérapeute peut contraindre la dosimétrie de la radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d’intensité aux nécessités des dentistes, afin de prévenir ou d’améliorer les soins dentaires et la qualité de vie des patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge in oral implantology is to obtain adequate and long-term results either on the aesthetic or functional point of view. In order to achieve this goal, bone gain before or at implant placement, is needed each time we are faced to a bony defect. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is the most documented between bone augmentation techniques in the literature and predictability of longterm results will be analyzed in this paper. Nevertheless, as for any other techniques, GBR has some limitations and failures. Different membranes and bone substitutes used in this approach will be presented and illustrated by three clinical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest for immediate implantation after extraction continues to increase. However, cases that have failed serve to remind us that this technique should not be taken for granted. Recourse to such a technique must be properly thought through and success depends mostly on the operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor. It represents 30% of benign tumors of the mandible. This tumor is "local malignant" because of its potential for expansion, and its tendency to relapse after treatment. The dentist is an essential link in the management of these patients. He acts on different levels: first for the diagnosis of the lesion wich can be done early, but also for the treatment of tumors of small size, and his role in the prosthetic rehabilitation of these patients. We report through this article the roles of the dentist and a series of clinical cases treated at the Center of consultation and dental treatment of the Faculty of Dentistry at Casablanca, or treated in collaboration with the Service of Maxillofacial Surgery of University Hospital of Ibn Rochd at Casablanca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type I diabetes mellitus results from the destruction of the cell ß of islets Langerhans of the pancreas. The purpose of the present study is to present a strategy for management the oral complications caused by the low rate of the salivary flow, observed in the child or adolescent with diabetes of type I. It was a cross-sectional study comparative study in a sample of 150 children (75 children with diabetes type I, and 75 children not diabetics) 6 to 15-year-old selected within a clinical liberal and of a university hospital center pediatric in Lomé (Togo). The salivary flow, the prevalence of dental caries, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT score), the frequency of brushing teeth then the conditions of oral hygiene of the children were evaluated. The majority of children lived in a middle socioeconomic means and is painted the teeth once to three times a day. So, 50 children with diabetes showed poor oral hygiene with an OHIS of 33.3%. The difference is statistically significant (p = 41 × 10-4). The index mixed DMFT corresponding to an age range of 6 to 9 years of age was 5.41 and the average DMFT means, indicates for the age bracket of 10 to 15 years of age is 6.30. A treatment of these children needs a supported and an interdisciplinary action by the doctor diabetologist, associating the dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is still debated because of unproven efficacy and risk of side effects. French recommendations for infective endocarditis prophylaxis were revised in 2002 and its indications were restricted. Current knowledge and key points: Several arguments plead against prophylaxis: the absence of scientific evidence of its efficacy, the very high number of antibiotic doses required to prevent a very small number of endocarditis, the possible failure of prophylaxis even if correctly administered and a lack of compliance with current recommendations. High-risk patients for whom dental extraction is required should receive prophylaxis. For moderate-risk patients, prophylaxis is optional and should be discussed for each case individually. Future prospects and projects: Although prophylaxis is discussed, one should focus on prevention measures, such as dental hygiene and education of physicians, dentists and patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]