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Les services de garde éducatifs à l’enfance (SGÉE) jouent un rôle déterminant sur le développement des enfants (OCDE, 2019). Toutefois l’état des connaissances est plus limité concernant les enfants de 0 à 3 ans. Il apparait donc pertinent d’étudier la qualité éducative leur étant offerte. Comme l’approche piklérienne s’intéresse aux enfants de 0 à 3 ans et qu’elle est adoptée par des SGÉE du Québec, cet article présente une revue ciblée de la littérature au sujet de cette approche pédagogique. Trois thèmes d’étude en ressortent : la qualité des interactions, les connaissances, perceptions et croyances des éducatrices, et la relation privilégiée entre l’éducatrice et l’enfant. Bien que ces études abordent de façon parcellaire la qualité éducative, les résultats permettent de croire que certains éléments pourraient contribuer à rehausser la qualité éducative en SGÉE. Toutefois, des études plus approfondies de la qualité éducative dans le contexte de cette approche pédagogique s’avèrent essentielles.

En contexte d’éducation préscolaire, l’engagement de l’enfant dans les différentes activités d’apprentissage proposées en classe joue un rôle déterminant dans sa réussite éducative. Reconnu comme un construit multidimensionnel, l’engagement a fait l’objet d’études qui offrent des perspectives variées quant à sa définition et à sa conceptualisation. Le présent article dresse un portrait de l’engagement en éducation, souvent étudié à l’école primaire, tout en cernant certaines recherches propres à l’éducation préscolaire. Une synthèse des définitions de l’engagement sera tout d’abord présentée. Également seront abordés deux modèles théoriques de l’engagement. Finalement, l’engagement sera exploré en fonction des études et de la mesure de l’engagement à l’éducation préscolaire.

Research Framework: This quantitative comparative study uses the conceptual framework of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. Objectives: The study compares quality levels of adult-child interactions and structural quality (regulation, ratio, training) of early childhood education services for 3-year-olds in Quebec and France. Methodology: The study compares 41 kindergarten classes in Grenoble (France) with 40 early childhood centers (CPE) in Montreal (Canada). Educators (CPE) and teachers (Mat) were observed using the Class Assessment Scoring System for Preschool (CLASS PreK, Pianta et al., 2008). Results : The results show that Quebec’s educators obtain a significantly higher level of adult-child quality interactions compared to 3 years old children in French kindergarten in all three domains of the CLASS. Results also indicate lower quality levels of the interactions when educators/teachers, groups/classes size, and education levels are higher. Conclusion : Reducing the size of groups/classes and assuring specific training in early childhood could help improve the quality of interactions. Younger educators/teachers, who may be more aware of pedagogical approaches that promote the quality of adult-child interactions, could support the most experienced and the quality of their teaching practices. Contributions : This study highlights some concerns about Quebec’s and France’s early childhood education systems policies. The implementation conditions for 4 years of ECE services by Québec’s government should be under reflection. In France, as attendance in kindergarten is now mandatory for all 3 years old children, the conditions associated with the quality of interactions may be questioned in this context.

Plusieurs chercheurs révèlent que développement du raisonnement spatial contribuent à la réussite éducative des enfants au primaire (Clements et Sarama, 2009 ; Pagani, Jalbert, & Girard, 2006 ; Sarama, 2002). Toutefois depuis les deux dernières années, de plus en plus de chercheurs s’intéressent et démontrent l’importance de s’attarder au concept du raisonnement spatial dès la petite-enfance (Clements et Sarama, 2009 ; Verdine, Golinkoff, Filipowick, Hirsh-Pasek, & Newcombe, 2014). Le contenu de cet article résulte d’une recension des écrits scientifiques sur les différents modèles du raisonnement spatial. Des définitions et les dimensions des différents modèles du raisonnement spatial sont proposées du point de vue des différents chercheurs. Les résultats descriptifs sont discutés au regard de trois différents modèles liés au raisonnement spatial.

A educação dos filhos é sem dúvida um dos maiores desafios que os pais podem enfrentar. Educar é uma tarefa trabalhosa e pode se agravar com a chegada de um filho com deficiência intelectual. Nesse momento, é natural que todas as expectativas dos pais no que se refere à educação que almejavam dar ao filho sejam questionadas. O objetivo deste estudo é evidenciar o nível de estresse parental e as práticas educativas utilizadas por pais de crianças entre zero e seis anos de idade, tanto com desenvolvimento típico quanto com desenvolvimento atípico (deficiência intelectual e síndrome de Down). O método incluiu análises descritivas e inferenciais, com a participação de 61 pais, divididos em três grupos, cujos resultados permitem deduzir que há diferenças na escolha de práticas educativas entre os diferentes grupos de pais e que pais de filhos com deficiência intelectual são mais estressados que pais de crianças típicas e com síndrome de Down. A partir da pesquisa realizada, pode-se concluir que pais de filhos com desenvolvimento atípico precisam de redes de apoio eficientes que orientem suas práticas educativas. Sugere-se investir em novas pesquisas e na organização de programas estruturados para trabalhar com pais e filhos, a fim de minimizar o nível de estresse parental e favorecer práticas educativas eficientes.By assuming the parental role, parents face the challenge of educating. One of the adversities which can affect the family system is the birth of a child with intellectual disabilities. When it happens, it is natural for the family to question the education plan. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the educational practices used by parents of 3 to 6 year old children with typical and atypical development (intellectual disabilities and Down's syndrome) and the parental stress level. The method includes descriptive and inferential analysis. 61 parents participated in this research, whose results confirmed the hypothesis that different parental practices are chosen by different groups of parents, and that parents of children with intellectual disabilities are more stressed than the other parents. The hypothesis that the age of the children influences the parental practices was contradicted. This research concluded that parents of children with intellectual disabilities need a support network to guide their educational practices. New researches and programs to deal with these families should be done in order to minimize the stress level and support efficient educational practices.

Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les différentes formes de gouvernance environnementale bien qu’issues d’un mouvement fort et poussées par le Sommet de Rio ont produit des résultats mitigés, particulièrement depuis le début des années 90. En somme, une absence de passerelles entre des univers qui ont souvent tendance à s’ignorer. Voilà comment nous pourrions résumer l’état de la gouvernance environnementale tant aux niveaux international, national que local. Comment imaginer un nouveau contrat social entre science, économie et politique dans le domaine de l’environnement? La bonne gouvernance environnementale supposera des changements structurels dépassant les solutions cosmétiques qui, quelquefois, ont trop tendance à être du ressort de la marque de commerce, de la tendance ou de l’air du temps. Pour ce faire, ces changements structurels doivent s’articuler autour de quatre grands axes : méthodologique, politique, institutionnel et culturel, afin de tendre vers une démocratie cognitive.

The current study examines the level of internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems among children experiencing different types of child care, and levels of parental stress and social support among their parents. These relationships are also examined in the context of different levels of psychosocial risk factors. Data were taken from three cross-sectional waves of data collection from an evaluation study of the 1, 2, 3 GO ! Initiative. The sample is from Montreal and surrounding areas and consists of 1245 children, aged between 20 and 42 months, and their families. The Child Behaviour Checklist (Achenbach, 1997), the Parental Stress Index,Short Form (Abidin, 1995), the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (Barrera, 1980) were used. Parents also completed a questionnaire about the childcare service attended by their child. Results indicate that attending a daycare center is linked with lower internalizing behavioral problem scores for children and higher social support scores for parents. No relationships were found between externalizing problems and parental stress. Overall, parents and children using a structured childcare service (i.e. center daycare, family daycare) obtained better scores than those using a less structured childcare service (i.e. drop-in center, relative care). Results also show that children attending a less structured childcare service present higher level of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems than the normal population. Their parents have higher levels of stress and lower levels of social support than the normal population.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)