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La maggior parte dei processi per violenza sessuale si fonda sulle dichiarazioni della vittima, che entrano nel processo attraverso la testimonianza della persona offesa. La loro valutazione è, dunque, essenziale per l’accertamento del reato. Su tale valutazione possono, tuttavia, influire stereotipi di genere che tendono a colpevolizzare le vittime e che spesso le inducono a rinunciare alla tutela legale, con gravi effetti anche sulla fiducia dei cittadini nell’amministrazione della giustizia. L’indagine condotta sulla giurisprudenza del tribunale di Como in materia di violenza carnale (art. 519 c.p. 1930) e atti di libidine violenti (art. 521 c.p. 1930) negli anni Settanta del Novecento dimostra non solo che i tradizionali pregiudizi sessisti influirono sovente sulla valutazione dei giudici, impedendo di accertare la colpevolezza degli imputati, ma anche che il ricorso ad essi fu favorito dall’intrinseca difficoltà di accertamento di tali reati. Sotto il vigore del codice di procedura penale Rocco, i giudici fecero ampio ricorso all’assoluzione per insufficienza di prove, nonostante le raccomandazioni della Corte di cassazione di interpretare la norma restrittivamente. Se, da un lato, l’utilizzo della formula dubitativa anziché di quella piena rifletteva la difficoltà di accertare in concreto i fatti nei processi per stupro, dall’altro consentiva di attribuire una seppur minima rilevanza alle dichiarazioni della parte offesa. In ogni caso, tale soluzione si risolveva in una mancanza di tutela sia per la vittima, che nel processo non otteneva giustizia sia per l’imputato, che, a causa dell’ambigua disciplina del proscioglimento per insufficienza di prove, continuava a subire conseguenze (giuridiche e sociali) negative anche dopo la chiusura del processo.

During the 2023 Canadian Bioethics Society forum, 28 practicing healthcare ethicists (PHEs) and other attendees from across Canada, including bioethics students and fellows, gathered virtually for a collaborative workshop entitled “Towards Evaluating Clinical Ethics Consultation Effectiveness: Engagement in a Scoping Review of Reported Outcomes”. The workshop was open to all members of the bioethics community who registered for the forum but was designed primarily for PHEs.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (hereafter, ‘the pandemic’), there was already widespread concern about the adequacy of health care resources across Canada. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these concerns exponentially, widening already significant cracks in provincial health care systems. Currently the system is struggling with the exacerbation of wait times for surgeries previously delayed by mandated closures during the pandemic. In Ontario, the backlog of surgeries, and associated backlogs in radiology and other services critical to paediatric care, led to the creation of a consortium of paediatric hospitals committed to advocacy for more funding for paediatrics. Thus far, the provincial and federal governments have agreed to a one-time cash infusion, but the consortium is calling for a permanent increase in funding for paediatrics. A challenge is that the adult sector has also suffered from delays and backlogs. Furthermore, as already noted, older adults have borne the brunt of morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. The challenge for the paediatric sector is whether and how to defend the prioritization of children and youth. In this paper, we review four approaches to just allocation – utilitarian ageism, fair innings, the prudential lifespan approach, and prioritarian ageism – and examine their strengths and weaknesses. We conclude by endorsing prioritarian ageism (prioritarianism). Prioritarianism retains the strengths of utilitarian ageism and fair innings while avoiding their weaknesses. Furthermore, because prioritarianism does not treat age as an independent moral criterion, allocation schemes based on this foundation are less susceptible to legal challenge and may be more palatable to the general public.

Despite their apparent benevolence, positive stereotypes have negative effects on person and group perception. However, little is known about how exposure can intensify these negative consequences. In two pre-registered experiments (total N = 240) we investigated the effect of exposure on believability and moral condemnation of positive stereotypes. In Experiment 1, participants rated the truth value of positive stereotypes, which were either previously encountered or not during an exposure phase. Repeated positive stereotypes were perceived as more true than unrepeated ones, indicating a truth effect. In Experiment 2, we replicated the truth effect and further found that exposure to stereotypes reduced their moral condemnation, indicating a moral-repetition effect. Extending the truth effect and moral-repetition effect research to positive stereotypes, our findings emphasize the need to raise awareness of the impact of exposure on reinforcing the believability and moral condemnation of stereotypical beliefs.

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a questão da pobreza no campo da Psicologia Social, a partir da análise de programas de disciplinas dos três cursos de Psicologia de Instituições Estaduais de Ensino Superior (IEES) do Paraná. A mudança do perfil da profissão, com o aumento do número de profissionais no campo crítico da Psicologia Social, acompanhou a inserção da Psicologia nos espaços de trabalho com as manifestações da “questão social”. Nesse sentido, a pobreza torna-se um tema relevante para a atuação profissional dos psicólogos(as), principalmente, no campo das políticas públicas. A análise demonstrou que a Psicologia Social que é apresentada aos alunos tem o foco na perspectiva crítica, resgatando suas bases teóricas. Por outro lado, não observamos elementos que garantem a aproximação de fato com a questão da pobreza, que aparece de forma transversal a partir de temas como desigualdade e exclusão social. Conclui-se que a questão da pobreza não está sendo tratada nas propostas curriculares com a mesma relevância que as discussões referentes aos espaços tradicionais de atuação.

Nel primo paragrafo dell’articolo si procede ad una sintetica rassegna delle indagini che hanno riguardato i paesaggi costieri della Toscana altomedievale, necessaria ad inquadrare il caso studio preso in esame. Quest’ultimo è relativo all’analisi multidisciplinare delle evidenze materiali di una corte regia identificata con quella di Valli, citata nel dotario di Ugo di Arles del 937 a favore della futura moglie Berta e di sua figlia Adelaide. Nel secondo, terzo e quarto paragrafo si illustrano in dettaglio i risultati delle ricerche per il caso studio: da quelle svolte nel centro della corte regia, ovvero nel sito dell’attuale Vetricella (Grosseto), ai survey multidisciplinari nel territorio circostante, originariamente interno alla stessa corte. Il paesaggio antropico e le modifiche del paesaggio naturale e forestale sono ricostruite dalle prime fasi di occupazione altomedievale sino all’abbandono, nel corso dell’XI-XII secolo. Nell’ultimo paragrafo i dati esposti sono comparati con quelli desumibili dalle indagini svolte nei territori circostanti, con l’obiettivo di arricchire il quadro delineato nel noto modello toscano elaborato da Riccardo Francovich, tramite il concetto di polarizzazione, a cui si legherebbe la trama dell’articolazione di queste comunità costiere rispetto a luoghi topici e dominanti.

The article analyses libertine themes and authors of 17th century in articles, critical notes and reviews of three major Italian journals of the 20th century – Rivista di filosofia, Giornale critico della filosofia italiana and Rivista critica di storia della filosofia (since 1984 titled Rivista di storia della filosofia). The category of ‘libertinism’ refers to various disciplinary fields: philosophy, politics, literature, modern history or religious history. This ambiguity influences the analyses of libertinism in the Italian historic-philosophical debate. The last two decades of the 20th century show a renewed interest of the three journals on libertine themes and on the relationship between libertinism and philosophy. Research on libertine thought focuses mainly on French libertinism (i.e. libertinage érudit) and on the philosophical clandestine literature: the journals discuss or review clandestine texts, as the Theophrastus redivivus (1659), whose critical edition was published in Italy in 1981–1982.

Despite the several attempts to rework on his ideas, using non-mainstream approaches, George L. Shackle has remained an outsider in the economic discipline. Shackle, however, if we take seriously what he thought of economics, as a discipline concerned with a subject that is not self-contained but open-ended and impermanent, is not a man alone. Starting from an assessment of Shackle’s understanding of choice as originative and creative, the paper argues that Shackle should be rescued from the role of a nihilist where he is often relegated. In this perspective, a fundamental key to assessing the originality and anticipatory character of Shackle’s contribution can be found in the recent developments of several “friendly” disciplines such as the psychology of motivations and of self-rewarding actions, narrative as the “science” of the possible and the role of calendar time in choice theory. In fact, all these novel rethinkings can contribute to the understanding of Shackle’s main point, that human (and therefore economic) agents are active, creative enterprisers, who cut the deterministic thread by injecting the new in history to come, in making a difference in the future courses of action.

This paper focuses on a service model characterized by the presence of an interdisciplinary and multi-professional team, which plan and achieves both health and wellness education, besides training pathways for migrant women located in the Lazio region, and in-service training for educational, pedagogical and sectoral professions. The work place itself in the path of intercultural pedagogy (Pinto Minerva, 2002, 2017, 2019; Fiorucci, 2015, 2017,2020; Cerrocchi, 2019) and gender and differences (Roverselli, 2017; Lopez, 2018; hooks, 2020;), borrowing interpretative categories and concepts from the intersectional perspective (Bianchi, 2019a, 2019b). As a first step, moving from the theoretical framework, a case study about educational and training processes and practices aimed to the benefit of trafficked women included in the SAI (Sistema Accoglienza Integrazione) of the Lazio area, from 2019, until today. Then, resorting to a research-action-training framework involves the educational and pedagogical coordination figures in every phase of investigation, intervention and training. Given the nuclei that have emerged from the administration and triangulation of the instruments – in favour of materials, documents and intervention strategies production – grounds of educational planning aiming to the integral formation of the person are envisaged: from access to the Health Service to taking charge and care for the female migrant population, as well as the healing of traumatic events and the enhancement of healthy and sustainable lifestyles – from an intercultural and post-colonial perspective.

A doll made of wood found in Alba Fucens (IT) is now preserved in the reserves of the Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle arti e Paesaggio per le province di Chieti e Pescara, Museo Paludi in Celano (L’Aquila). Its study was carried out within the framework of the research project led by the University of Fribourg “Greek and Roman articulated dolls (10th century BC/7th century AD). Archaeological and anthropological approaches”. The doll has been exceptionally preserved due to the damp conditions of the soil. This object confirms that, in addition to the widely documented ivory and bone roman dolls, wooden pupae were also used. The hairstyle on the doll’s head is a very schematized rendering of a type of hairstyle adopted in an advanced stage of the age of the emperors of the Severan dynasty and documented on the portraits of some women of the family. It is therefore possible to propose for the doll a dating to the first decades of the 3rd century AD.

Objective: This research aimed to investigate, in the light of theories of democracy, the new possibilities for exercising citizenship and strengthening democracy in the Network Society, as well as popular participation in political decisions in the context of smart cities. Methodology: The work adopted the inductive method, based on a literature review and observation of the phenomena. Results: It was possible to conclude that executing smart city projects does not only mean adhering to information and communication technologies, but also facilitating the connection and involvement of government and citizens, with the intention of co-creating and rebuilding urban communities. Contributions: Focusing on citizens and not simply on technologies, it is possible that ICTs and new technologies, including the IoT, improve the exercise of citizenship in current societies and, in particular, in smart cities.

Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) legislation changed in 2021; persons without a reasonably foreseeable natural death (RFND) could now be eligible for MAID and would have to wait at least 90 days before their intervention. This legislative change caused a new ethically complex question to arise, which we explore in this commentary, namely: Where should individuals without a RFND wait (for 90 days) in a publicly funded health system?

The article describes a didactic module developed during the 2017-2018 s. y. at the ‘G. Marconi’ - I. C. Centro 2 Middle School in Brescia. The didactics of listening was combined with the need to address a problematic phenomenon experienced by teachers of all disciplines: the often undisciplined behaviour of classes, especially in lower secondary school, when students have to get over the childhood stage and enter early adolescence. A workshop based on the provocative 4'33'' by John Cage and on the song The Sound of Silence by the duo Simon & Garfunkel was aimed at adapting the category of silence, in its various expressions, as an educational tool. Silence was approached as a privileged moment of interest and attention, as an element of listening education, in both the human and musical sense of the word.

O artigo objetiva investigar os Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) das universidades públicas do Paraná, buscando identificar indicativos de movimento para a formação dos futuros profissionais para atuação no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), adotando como balizador o tema “políticas públicas”. A análise partiu de elementos presentes nas matrizes curriculares que se remetiam na referida política. Ainda que fosse observado a incidência de disciplinas que se propõem a debater as políticas públicas, tal movimento foi considerado demasiadamente baixo, o que nos leva a concluir a existência de marginalização dos temas investidos na formação do psicólogo.

The paper presented takes up the results of a first phase of research on UASC and volunteer Tutors, assuming the traumaticity determined by the experience of covid-19 as a necessary sensitizing concept (Blumer, 1969), reviewing the methodological system (methodological framework) and determining the development of tools and perspectives in progress. Through a case study that includes interview with volunteer guardians, UASC, recently of age, coordinators of communities and educators, it was intended to investigate how relational and institutional networks have developed strategies for the protection and prevention of educational poverty and deprivation socio-affective, in a time of emergency.

Questo articolo si propone un duplice obiettivo. Innanzitutto, vuole analizzare come Anassilao sfruttò i contesti performativi e i canali comunicativi che, nei primi decenni del V secolo a.C., erano a disposizione dei tiranni di Magna Grecia e Sicilia desiderosi di garantire fama alle loro imprese, nonché legittimazione al proprio ruolo e operato politico. Secondariamente, intende ricostruire le tappe che portarono alla sostanziale cancellazione della memoria di Anassilao sul piano storiografico. A questo proposito, una responsabilità decisiva sembra da attribuire a Eforo, il quale, nelle sue Storie, mise in secondo piano quel ruolo antagonistico rispetto ai Dinomenidi che, a tutti gli effetti, Anassilao aveva svolto in Sicilia fino alla battaglia di Himera.

The purpose of this commentary is to consider circumstances under which it may be ethical to permit patients to use licit substances in rehabilitation contexts. While the content of this commentary may be transferable to other healthcare spaces, our focus on rehabilitation is based on some important distinctions that exist between rehabilitation and acute care spaces.

Several scholars (Bartoloni2019, Bukdahl2017, Vogt2019) focused on Mario Perniola’sperspective on art, post-human sexuality and political theory. Yet little has been written on the philosophical and literary sources—specifically Stoicism, the Baroque and the Avant-Gardes—which influenced his standpoint. The objective of this paper is todevelop Perniola’s conception of a strategically oriented beauty, which implies a connection be-tween the aesthetic element and the political-effectual one.

Con Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) asistimos a la recuperación de doctrinas neoplatónicas y herméticas que conducen a una comprensión animista y dinámica de la naturaleza, así como a una exaltación del hombre en tanto conoce y actúa sobre el mundo. En el contexto de un universo vivo y animado, Bruno necesita mediaciones en el espacio que hay entre, por un lado, la naturaleza finita del hombre y, por el otro, la divinidad infinita explicada en la naturaleza para fundamentar la teoría mágica de sus obras latinas. Precisamente, la existencia de los demonios en los sistemas neoplatónicos viene a cumplir con este propósito. Sostenemos que existe una continuidad entre la doctrina demonológica que Bruno presenta en su obra latina y la metafísica y cosmología de sus diálogos italianos. Esta continuidad se verifica en la presencia de dos categorías filosóficas importantes del pensamiento bruniano presente en la demonología del De magia naturali (1590): imaginación y vínculos. Así pues, en primer lugar, indagaremos la recepción de la doctrina neoplatónica en la demonología de los siglos XV y XVI, a partir de la cual Bruno desarrolla el marco teórico y filosófico de su doctrina demonológica. En segundo lugar, estudiaremos la naturaleza y función de los demonios en el De magia naturali y su relación con la imaginación y los vínculos en la filosofía del Nolano.

Resumo Tendo como foco a produção intelectual desenvolvida recentemente pelos Misak que habitam o território de Guambía, na Colômbia andina, quero demonstrar de que forma a reapropriação criativa do discurso histórico nacional funciona, nesse contexto, como um dispositivo político de legitimidade interna e externa. A partir da análise de um experimento historiográfico posto em jogo pelo Comité de Historia del Cabildo Guambiano a partir do final da década de 1980, argumento que as concepções sociais de tempo e a ressignificação indígena dos vestígios históricos escritos podem ser lidas como partes complementares de um mesmo movimento, a saber, de uma luta política por legitimação histórica que se dá no interior de um litígio cosmológico.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de un proyecto de activación y puesta en valor de bienes culturales y de la memoria, llevado adelante en el municipio de Punta del Este, Uruguay. Presentamos reflexiones basadas en el diálogo entre la teoría y la práctica. La investigación comenzó en el año 2016, a partir del trabajo conjunto de docentes y estudiantes del Área de Estudios Turísticos del Centro Universitario Regional Este y de la Comisión de Cultura y Patrimonio del Municipio. Luego de un largo proceso de investigación y extensión, en el año 2020 se ha logrado producir materiales de difusión de los bienes culturales y sus memorias, a través de la creación de un mapa multimedia, que contiene fragmentos de audios, textos y cortometrajes que aluden a los bienes identificados. Se espera que este trabajo pueda contribuir a la diversificación de la oferta de actividades de ocio.

Este artigo visa discorrer sobre a masculinidade a partir de um discurso científico, tendo o ponto de vista biológico como um pano de fundo do nascimento da ciência e da moral moderna e também compreender como tais pontuações serviram de alicerce para a construção do masculino que se faz presente hoje. Utilizamos como instrumentos de análise apontamentos dos filmes Maria Antonieta e O Sorriso de Monalisa que demonstram valores historicamente sedimentados de uma época moderna sendo abalados. Neste sentido, tem-se o corpo como uma marca definidora de identidade. Conclui-se que repensar o masculino por essa via implica analisar a relação deste com o discurso biológico presente na construção da masculinidade e que produz efeitos ainda hoje na sociedade do século XXI. A possível quebra de paradigma aconteceu aos poucos ofertando um novo lugar para o masculino existir, possibilitando que o homem seja capaz de fazer suas próprias escolhas de identidade.

Il tema dell’eccessiva durata dei processi e delle sue conseguenze pregiudizievoli sull’effettività della tutela giudiziaria rappresenta, da sempre, uno dei principali nodi del rapporto tra giustizia e opinione pubblica. Sin dall’unificazione italiana, la questione è stata affrontata per lo più sul piano delle riforme del processo e dell’ordinamento giudiziario, senza, tuttavia, la predisposizione di adeguati interventi in grado di incidere sull’organizzazione delle strutture e del personale. Se soltanto di recente il nostro ordinamento ha approntato strumenti di tutela diretta al principio della ragionevole durata del processo, formalizzato nell’art. 111 Cost., la responsabilità disciplinare dei magistrati per ritardo nel deposito dei provvedimenti ha rappresentato, sin dall’inizio del Novecento, uno degli strumenti principali non solo per reprimere gli episodi più gravi (oggi determinanti addirittura un danno erariale da disservizio), ma anche per restituire credibilità alla funzione giudiziaria, nell’ambito delle complesse dinamiche relative al rapporto tra magistratura e società. Lo studio mira a valutare se, in assenza di idonei strumenti normativi volti ad evitare o quantomeno a contenere il fenomeno della lunghezza dei procedimenti, gli interventi della giurisprudenza, prima, della Suprema corte disciplinare e, dopo, della Sezione disciplinare del Consiglio superiore della magistratura, chiamate a sanzionare gli illeciti dei singoli magistrati, siano stati in grado, nella difficoltà di trovare un equilibrio tra standard di rendimento e carichi esigibili, di rispondere in maniera soddisfacente al contenimento dei tempi del processo e alla riduzione dell'arretrato, obiettivi tra i principali del PNRR.

In Charleroi, at the beginning of the 2000s, in this industrial city in decline the number of brownfields increased. These abandoned areas were colonised by human and non-human actors who gradually rebuilt worlds on the ruins of industry. What are the issues involved in such practices, and what are the links between this low-key regeneration of abandoned peripheries and the public development strategies of so-called post-industrial cities? Through a study of the Black Loop, an urban trail that runs through the industrial periphery of Charleroi, this article seeks to identify the way in which the creation of a trail contributes to the emergence of new spatial values and the inclusion of specific aspects pertaining to the common.

Emotions today seem to play a fundamental role. In fact, emotions make social interaction between individuals possible and it is thanks to them that communication processes develop and make dynamics of social integration possible. In this paper, emotions are analysed as transformative resources, whose strength appears almost revolutionary for the subject’s ability to act. Despite the widespread processes of individualization in contemporary society, the individual appears to be looking for new ties and new relationships not only in the emotional sphere but also in other contexts which, although elusive and difficult to identify, are crucial for social life. What are the new scenarios in which emotions manifest themselves? What kind of bonds are generated in the practices of social interaction nowadays? It is in this perspective we intend to investigate emotions such as altruism, solidarity, gratitude, empathy induced thanks to the commitment of the Tuscan Voluntary Association Auser Abitare Solidale.

Desde as séries iniciais a qualidade da educação deve ser algo comum em instituições públicas de ensino, permitindo que as crianças possam contar efetivamente com docentes capazes de contribuir para seu desenvolvimento integral, ampliação de seu senso crítico, libertando-se das amarras da alienação e da relação opressor/oprimido comum em países capitalistas. Diante disso, o objetivo geral desse artigo é refletir sobre as contribuições do pensamento freireano no processo de alfabetização e letramento nas séries iniciais. Foi utilizada como metodologia a revisão de literatura, qualitativa e descritiva. Os resultados obtidos, evidenciam que a alfabetização permite as crianças aprenderem a reconhecer, decodificar, formar palavras e frases com as letras do alfabeto. O letramento, por sua vez, viabiliza a utilização da leitura e a escrita em seu cotidiano. Embora alfabetização e letramento nutram suas especificidades, ambos são complementares e indissociáveis. Conclui-se que o professor precisa alfabetizar-letrando seus educandos, para que se apropriem das competências leitoras que serão levadas por toda a sua vida nos mais diversos contextos sociais. Para isso, é preciso considerar seus saberes prévios, utilizando palavras geradoras que estão vinculadas ao seu cotidiano para orientar o desenvolvimento do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, tornando-o mais crítico, contextualizado e emancipador.

The purpose of this commentary is to present and respond to the gap that currently exists in providing culturally inclusive residential long-term care options for Indigenous peoples in Ontario. After presenting statistics regarding the Indigenous population and long-term care options, we argue that we have an ethical responsibility to offer more culturally inclusive long-term care.

The contribution presents the reflections on the relationship between gender and ICT of female students of a degree course in education and training sciences. What kind of representations future educators have about the social category of gender? In particular, which meaning perspectives do they have with respect to the female presence in the ICT field? What types of distortions characterize their narratives? To answer these questions, students' posts in an online awareness development group were analyzed (Gaggioli et al., 2020). The issues emerging from the analysis testify the presence of a patriarchal vision in the work and social context linked to ICT and that the distortions relating to gender concern not only the sphere of ICT but also the whole theme of work within their family. Frequent is the use of the construct of 'gender positioning' also in the technological field and the influence of socialization agents in the creation of a relationship with ICT. Finally, there is a strong idea of ​​the opportunity given by ICT tools to overcome gender inequalities, prejudices, and stereotypes. The contribution is of interest to scholars of informal and incidental learning processes that aim to understand how these affect not only the educational and professional choices that push towards a course of study or a working environment, but more generally the meaningful perspectives that push towards a certain behavior.

In his Bibliographia politica (Venice 1633) Naudé reviews in about one hundred pages authors and works that have dealt with politics, from the Antiquity to the first decades of the Seventeenth Century. In few enlightened pages on the ordinary and extraordinary administration of the State, Naudé elaborates his own idea of Reason of State, including the use of an extraordinary administration in the name of the public benefit. We can find a continuity between his Bibliographia politica and his Considérations politiques sur les coups d’Estat (1639). In both his political works Naudé gives to the category of wisdom, derived from Aristotle, a new practical and political value, which goes back to authors such as Machiavelli or Cardano, Lipsius or Charron. Naudé’s political wisdom uses dissimulation and any form of justice, also against common law, to act in extraordinary administration of the State or to carry out “coups d’État.”

L’epidemia di peste che colpì la città di Milano tra il 1576 e il 1577, durante l’episcopato di Carlo Borromeo, a cui fu appunto intitolata, consente di indagare sulle strategie giuridiche utilizzate per fronteggiare l’emergenza, nell’ambito di una più ampia riflessione sul rapporto tra potere politico, comunità e individuo in età moderna. I provvedimenti adottati dal governo milanese al tempo della peste di San Carlo inducono, per il loro carattere “straordinario”, a svolgere qualche considerazione di ordine complessivo sul delicato bilanciamento tra salute collettiva e libertà individuali. I rimedi adottati dalle autorità politiche per contenere il contagio tendevano, infatti, ieri come oggi, ad accentuare il controllo sulla popolazione, limitando la libertà di circolazione. L’ampio ricorso al diritto penale a scopo intimidatorio e preventivo consente, in particolare, di esaminare i risvolti penalistici delle misure di contrasto alla diffusione del contagio, che anche oggi hanno rappresentato uno dei principali temi di discussione.

This case study considers the ethical defensibility of recommending weight loss as a treatment for patients with higher body mass indexes. Recommending weight loss may be motivated by clinicians’ biases toward people living in larger bodies, misperceptions about weight and its relevancy to overall health, and a failure to consider other ethical factors such as those related to equity and the social determinants of health.

The integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity system can contribute to the development of a low-carbon economy. However, due to the intermittency and non-programmability of these sources, problems related to the management of local electricity grids may occur. A possible solution or limitation to these issues is given by the electrical storage. In addition, in the next future, domestic micro-grids are expected to play a fundamental role in electric power networks, driving both the academic and industrial research interests in developing highly efficient and reliable conversion and storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of a small-scale hybrid energy system for hydrogen production and storage has been predicted, by means of a developed calculation model, and the operational strategy of the system has been optimized with the aim to maximize the hydrogen production. In addition, with the aim to maximize the overall solar-to-hydrogen chain efficiency, the whole system model has been applied to different operating scenarios, to identify the optimal management strategy to control it.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technologies are emerging as potential power generation units with limited environmental impacts. However, the main challenges towards large scale commercial applications are high costs and low lifetime compared to currently used technologies. The present study aims at understanding degradation mechanisms in SOFCs through both experimental and modelling approaches. For this purpose, two state of the art fuel cell configurations based on Ni cermet fuel electrode (either YSZ-Yttrium Stabilised Zirconia or GDC-Gadolinium Doped Ceria), YSZ electrolyte and LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite oxide) air electrode were chosen. The cells were tested for 1000 hours with H2 rich mixture as fuel feed and air as oxidant. Cells were characterised at several H2/H2O ratios and temperatures with air or oxygen fed to the air electrode using different techniques. These allowed the identification of kinetic parameters to be implemented in an in-house 2D Fortran based model. The model was able to successfully simulate global cell behaviour as a function of local features, and it was validated with experimental I-V curves recorded prior and post durability operation. Moreover, post-mortem microstructure characterisation was also performed to fine-tune the model towards a more accurate prediction of the degradation influence on cell performance.

Dopo l’8 settembre 1943, migliaia di giovani scelsero di aderire alla repubblica sociale italiana e, durante la transizione dal fascismo alla repubblica, molti di loro furono processati per collaborazionismo con i tedeschi. Poiché molti dei giovani imputati erano minorenni dal punto di vista penale, la maggior parte dei processi nei loro confronti riguardò il tema dell’imputabilità, la cui sussistenza, ai sensi dell’art. 98 c.p., doveva essere valutata dal giudice in relazione alla capacità di intendere e di volere. Mentre, nei primi mesi successivi alla liberazione, la sezione speciale della corte di cassazione di Milano confermò in genere le sentenze delle corti d’assise straordinarie che dichiaravano i minori capaci di intendere e di volere (e dunque li condannavano, limitandosi a diminuire la pena come prescritto dall’art. 98 c.p.), nel corso del 1946, la seconda sezione della corte di cassazione iniziò ad annullare le sentenze di condanna, attribuendo rilevanza alla propaganda fascista che aveva influito sulla capacità di intendere e di volere dei minori, secondo la tendenza ad attenuare il rigore repressivo nei confronti del reato di collaborazionismo che ha caratterizzato la giustizia di transizione italiana.

Nel corso del medioevo e dell’età moderna, il dovere di verità dell’avvocato venne affermato nell’ambito di un più ampio dibattito sulle tecniche della difesa, in cui si contrapposero due differenti concezioni del ruolo dell’avvocatura nell’amministrazione della giustizia. Fermo il divieto di introdurre falsità nel processo, la questione si incentrò sui limiti dell’argomentazione, fra tutela degli interessi del cliente, con particolare riguardo al dovere di segretezza, e collaborazione con il giudice nell’accerta-mento della verità.

Between the 12th and 13th centuries, several papal decretals resorted to the term abusumin order to punish the misuse of the judicial system, and in particular the abuse of papal delegated jurisdiction (X 1.3.15; X 1.3.28). Some of them helped to establish the simultaneus processus, in opposition to efforts by parties to delegate connected cases to different judges in order to aggravate the overall case against the counterparties (X 1.3.43, VI 1.3.3). One such example is when creditors sought to initiate separate proceedings against the same debtor for each debt to be collected, which is still a topical issue in the courts nowadays.Compared to Roman law (Cod. 3.1.10), medieval canon law extended punishment to cases of subjective connection, thereby reinforcing the duty of good faith of the parties and their lawyers.

O Marco de Ação de Sendai estabelece o plano global de prevenção reafirmando a necessidade de comprometimento para se reduzir o risco. Este trabalho apresenta a I Jornada Fluminense de Redução do Risco de Desastres realizada pela SEDEC-RJ (Secretaria de Estado de Defesa Civil) em 2015 no Rio de Janeiro, na qual foram apresentadas ações realizadas pelas COMDECs (Coordenadorias Municipais de Defesa Civil) a partir do Marco de Sendai. A jornada proporcionou o compartilhamento de boas práticas estimulando a troca de experiências entre profissionais da Proteção e Defesa Civil, bem como a valorização dos esforços por parte desses profissionais e o fomento de iniciativas em educação, contribuindo na formação destes no que diz respeito à implementação das diretrizes do Marco de Sendai para Redução do Risco de Desastres no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Le riflessioni dei canonisti medievali sul tema della misericordia consentono di svolgere alcune considerazioni sulla questione, di stringente attualità, del rapporto tra giustizia e opinione pubblica. Attraverso la nozione di scandalo, che tematizzava le dinamiche del consenso sociale alle istituzioni pubbliche, il dibattito si incentrò sull’approvazione popolare all’amministrazione della giustizia, con riguardo, in particolare, agli effetti derivanti dal ricorso alla misericordia. L’esigenza di prevenire forme di opposizione o di protesta suggerì ai canonisti che il giudice potesse, talora, attenuare il rigore del diritto, sino a perdonare un colpevole, per assecondare la volontà popolare. Ad analoghe soluzioni giunsero i giuristi civilisti, che, attingendo ai principi canonistici, ammisero, viceversa, la possibilità di condannare un innocente per evitare il dilagare di scandali nella società. The remarks of the medieval canonists on the subject of mercy provide much to reflect upon when considering the relationship between justice and public opinion – an issue which continues to be of topical interest today. The debate was oriented around the concept of scandal, exploring the dynamics of public approval when it came to the activities of public institutions. Specifically, it focused on how social reactions could affect sentencing, with particular regard to the effects resulting from a show of mercy. The need to prevent demonstrations of dissent or protest led canonists to believe that the judge could mitigate the rigor of the law at times – even going so far as to forgive an offender – in order to meet public demands. Civil-law jurists developed similar solutions which worked the other way around: drawing on canonical principles, they admitted the possibility of condemning an innocent person in order to prevent scandals from erupting within society.

In the late 1970s, when Italy was shaken by terrorism and at the same time was characterized by growing escapism, songwriter/singer Angelo Branduardi gained enormous success in the popular music scene with his imaginative lyrics which sounded both ethnic and ancient in the twilight years of the progressive music. The theories of Guy Debord and Pierre Bourdieu, in particular the ‘circular’ relationship between the artist and society postulated by Bourdieu, provide a coherent explanation for the Branduardi phenomenon managed by David Zard. In the mid 1980s, marking the final triumph of reaction, Branduardi turned inward to the literary world of W. B. Yeats, with an album that made him appreciated by MUSOS and intellectuals. The ideas of Bourdieu are also helpful in understanding such mechanism and in contextualizing some (previously unreleased) statements by Branduardi about his career path alternating between protest and reaction, individuality and collectiveness.

Drawing on Austin’s speech act theory, many influential scholars view hate speech in terms of speech acts, namely acts of subordination (MacKinnon 1987; Langton 1993, 2012, 2014; Hornsby and Langton 1998; McGowan 2003, 2004; Kukla and Lance 2009; Langton, Haslanger and Anderson 2012; Maitra 2012; Kukla 2014). Austin’s distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary acts offers a way to set apart speech that constitutes subordination, and speech that merely causes subordination. The aim of my paper is to address the main objection to accounts of hate speech in terms of illocutionary speech acts, that is the Authority Problem. In particular I will claim that what is missing from previous proposals is attention to the broader social context in which ordinary instances of hate speech are embedded, and in particular, attention to the social status of both the speaker and the audience. While the social position of the speaker has been examined by several approaches, the social position of the audience has too often been neglected. I will show that not only must the speaker have a certain kind of standing or social position in order to perform speech acts of subordination, but also the audience must have a certain kind of standing or social position in order to either license or object to the speaker’s authority, and her acts of subordination.

The pervasive use of contracts in healthcare is a source of unease for many healthcare ethicists and patient advocates. This commentary examines the use of such contracts with individuals in rehabilitation settings who have complex medical and behavioural issues. The goals of this paper are to examine the many factors that can lead to contract use, to discuss some legal and ethical implications of contract use, and to assess contract use in light of concerns about health equity. The paper concludes with some practical alternatives to the use of such contracts, and refers specifically to tools that might be borrowed from the field of behavioural therapy.

Since the 19th century, co-operatives have operated for their members’ wealth promoting economic activities in different fields. The key characteristic of these firms is the mutuality, which allows members to have a direct benefit working co-operatively for the organization (Zamagni, 2005). Recent economic crisis has encouraged people to demand a new sustainable economy, co-ops can respond because they serve communities’ needs and interests (Vieta & Lionas, 2015); community co-ops are the result of this process. This paper wants to analyse how community co-ops are modifying the co-op structure in order to respond to new social issues. Is the community co-op re-shaping the idea of mutuality? In what way? Community co-operatives are renewing the co-operation model surpassing the classic mutualistic structure, which only provides the co-ops’ members with benefits, and pays their attention to outcomes for the entire community.

¿Puede la piel ir más allá de los límites del cuerpo? ¿Los huesos raídos que alguna vez integraron una corporalidad sintieron la dermis que los recubrían? ¿Es la piel portadora de surcos fronterizos que delimitan un espacio de fuga o también es la que enhebra la materialidad corporal? Este trabajo se propone explorar los modos en que algunas representaciones de los cuerpos femeninos de las literaturas del presente latinoamericano se eslabonan en devenires de fronteras inestables: geopolíticas, territoriales y subjetivas de la piel en detrimento de ciertos parámetros heteronormativos de belleza y de concepciones de parejas consolidadas con el fin único de la reproducción y domesticidad reglada. Es decir, asumo la dermis como la prolongación visible de los cuerpos que actúan como fronteras -dispositivos porosos y permeables que se encuentran en perpetua redefinición de las subjetividades, cuerpos y sexualidades disidentes –que trazan pliegues de señalamientos biopolíticos rasgando zonas de silenciamientos, obturando cicatrices de abandonos y abriendo dimensiones de placeres afectivos frente a violencias perturbadoras, pulverizantes y mutantes. Para ello me centro en tres producciones de escritoras contemporáneas vinculadas con tres cuentos representativos de sus obras literarias: “Nada de carne sobre nosotras” (2016) de la escritora argentina Mariana Enríquez, “Domitila” (2007) de la escritora brasileña Veronica Stigger y “Hongos” (2013) de la mexicana Guadalupe Nettel.

For Rachel Whiteread, the void has a shape, and nothingness occupies a place. The British artist solidifies specific volumes of air (the interior of bottles, the space surrounding a mattress, the interior space of a room, a house, etc.); in doing so, she highlights the emergence of absence. The original object disappears and a new form appears, a kind of simulacrum which is neither trace nor ruin, but a liminal and monumental object. As a form of positivist deconstruction, the object disappears by returning in the form of an archetypal image, as a new object to contemplate. Through the analysis of some of her works, this paper deepens the concepts of vestige, trace, and contemporary anti-monumentality.

The worrying effects of climate change have led, in the last decades, to the improvement of innovative solutions for low greenhouse emission energy conversion, among which, is the use of micro-ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) systems for distributed generation, in the framework of combined heat and power applications and renewables exploitation. However, micro-ORCs environmental impact, due to high GWP (global working potential) working fluid leak rate, is an issue still to overcome. Neverthless the interest in using new low GWP refrigerants and their blends is increasing, new fluids have not yet been properly tested into ORC. Numerical studies reveal that low GWP fluids do not always guarantee the same performance of typically used fluids, leading to indirect emissions related to the use of fossil fuels to compensate the lower power production. This study proposes to investigate performance and impact of an innovative micro-ORC test bench when working with HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons), low GWP fluids and mixtures, with the main aim of comprehensively evaluating its impact due to both direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions produced in a typical annual operation.