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Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Les enfants constituent une population à risque de morsure de part leur taille, leur naïveté et leur attrait pour les animaux. Le visage et les mains sont des localisations plus spécifiques de l’enfant. Les plaies sont souvent multiples. Les animaux, chiens et chats par argument de fréquence sont connus de l’enfant dans plus de la moitié des cas. L’épisode de morsure survient principalement lorsque l’enfant est seul avec l’animal sans surveillance directe, lors du jeu ou de la caresse. Comme dans toutes morsures ces lésions pédiatriques constituent une urgence infectieuse, fonctionnelle et esthétique mais l’objectif de ce travail était avant tout de faire un point sur les principes de prise en charge chirurgicale des morsures animales de l’enfant en mettant en avant les spécificités pédiatriques. Les morsures animales nécessitent une prise en charge psychologique, anesthésique et chirurgicale adaptée à l’enfant dans le cadre d’une structure spécialisée. L’hospitalisation et l’anesthésie générale sont plus fréquentes chez les enfants. Toute suspicion de malveillance (et/ou de maltraitance) doit conduire à l’hospitalisation de l’enfant et ce même si les lésions ne justifient pas à elles seules la surveillance en milieu chirurgical. La chirurgie d’urgence est primordiale pour limiter les séquelles fonctionnelles et esthétiques. Les capacités cicatricielles de l’enfant, l’absence fréquente de comorbidités permettent de favoriser un traitement chirurgical conservateur avec une part belle aux sutures, repositionnement de lambeaux cutanés et à la cicatrisation dirigée. L’immobilisation, le drainage, et l’antibiothérapie viendront compléter le geste. L’évolution cicatricielle conduit toutefois à une prise en charge spécifique pendant la phase de remodelage cicatricielle et la croissance. L’abord psychologique de l’enfant et des parents ne doit pas être mis de côté et fait partie prenante de la prise en charge dès la phase aiguë. Summary Children represent a population at risk, because of their short size, their naivety and their attraction to animals. The face and hands are the most specific locations in young children. Wounds are often multiple. In more than half the cases, the child knows the animal, which are dogs and cats by frequency argument. The bite episode occurs mostly when the child is alone with the pet without direct supervision, while playing or stroking the animal. As in all bites, pediatric lesions are infectious, functional and aesthetic emergencies, but the goal of this work was primarily to make a point on principles of surgical management of animal bites in children, highlighting pediatric specificities. Animal bites require psychological, anesthetic and surgical treatment, adapted to the child, in a specialized structure. Hospitalization and general anesthesia are more frequent in children. Any suspicion of mistreatment (and/or abuse) should lead to the child's hospitalization, even if wounds do not justify monitoring in a surgical environment. Emergency surgery is essential to limit functional and aesthetic consequences. The healing capacities of the child and the frequent lack of co-morbidity allow a conservative surgical treatment with suture, repositioning skin flaps and controlled healing in the first place. Immobilization, drainage, and antibiotics will complete the surgery. The healing process, however, leads to a specific management during scar remodeling phase and growth. Psychological care of the child and parents should not be forgotten, and has to start at the same time as surgical treatment at in acute phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Dans son exercice quotidien, le pharmacien d’officine est principalement confronté aux plaies des mains, aux brûlures, aux ulcères veineux et artériels, aux escarres et aux plaies post-chirurgicales. Il doit connaître les spécificités de leur prise en charge. Summary In their daily practice, community pharmacists mainly encounter hand wounds, burns, venous and arterial ulcers, pressure sores and post-surgical wounds. They must know the specificities of their treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Animal bite is frequently involved in children labial defect. The need for labial surgical repair is to restore anatomy and function. Local and regional flap is usually described for labial reconstructions. Few authors recommend mucosal and skin graft. In the present study, we described skin and mucosal graft for reconstruction of complex labial defect. This surgical technique can be applied in very young children with reasonable expectations of excellent functional and aesthetic outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The media''s interest of the dog bites has strengthened a simplistic representation of this phenomenon as being a problem only connected to the race of the dog, and particularly to dangerous dogs and their dangerousness. Hence, that is forgetting that in reality, the dangerous dogs are responsible for only 2% of all the bites and the complex situations we see, whether they are the cause or the consequence of the bite, are often multifactorial even more so as the victim is a child. We suggest passing on certain number of thoughts emerging from our clinical experience within paediatric maxillofacial surgery, frequently admitting children, often very young, victims of bites. From the results of a research conduct on 27 children''s files victims of dog bites, and from the data extracted after a content analysis of clinical interviews we have taken a particularly interest in the psychological consequences of the bite and in the family dysfunctions, which can be found in these situations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mosquito bites may induce allergic reactions in children. Usually underestimated, these reactions are often cutaneous and difficult to distinguish from non-specific histaminic phenomena. Recently, the identification of major allergens in mosquito saliva has allowed the achievement of recombinant allergens, which should facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of allergic reactions. Preventive cares must be performed in all children with large reactions, allergic or even non-allergic. Prevention consists in cutaneous protection, the use of repellents (with special attention to their toxicity), and antihistamines. A practical sheet for patient is provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a Gram-negative bacterium present in normal dogs and cats mouths. It can be responsible for septic shocks after dog or cat bite, especially in asplenic patients., Case Report: We report here a case of C. canimorsus infection rapidly presenting as a multiple organ dysfonction syndrome in an immunocompetent 54 years old patient, who lives near a dog, without any sign of bite. The evolution was a rapidly fatal fulminant septic shock., Conclusion: Among patients with a septic shock of unknown etiology, fatal evolution due to C. canimorsus should be avoided by systematic use of early antibiotherapy with amoxicilline and clavulanic acid, especially in patients who live near a pet, even if they are immunocompetent., (Copyright © 2018 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Children represent a population at risk, because of their short size, their naivety and their attraction to animals. The face and hands are the most specific locations in young children. Wounds are often multiple. In more than half the cases, the child knows the animal, which are dogs and cats by frequency argument. The bite episode occurs mostly when the child is alone with the pet without direct supervision, while playing or stroking the animal. As in all bites, pediatric lesions are infectious, functional and aesthetic emergencies, but the goal of this work was primarily to make a point on principles of surgical management of animal bites in children, highlighting pediatric specificities. Animal bites require psychological, anesthetic and surgical treatment, adapted to the child, in a specialized structure. Hospitalization and general anesthesia are more frequent in children. Any suspicion of mistreatment (and/or abuse) should lead to the child's hospitalization, even if wounds do not justify monitoring in a surgical environment. Emergency surgery is essential to limit functional and aesthetic consequences. The healing capacities of the child and the frequent lack of co-morbidity allow a conservative surgical treatment with suture, repositioning skin flaps and controlled healing in the first place. Immobilization, drainage, and antibiotics will complete the surgery. The healing process, however, leads to a specific management during scar remodeling phase and growth. Psychological care of the child and parents should not be forgotten, and has to start at the same time as surgical treatment at in acute phase., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)