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The aim of this article is to analyze the perceptions of local communities towards the Ramsar site of the Keta Lagoon complex, and on the evaluation of the main environmental issues weighing on this ecosystem. The research method combined semi-structured interviews with focus groups to gather in-depth qualitative data representative of local perceptions and dynamics, covering all six districts of the Keta Lagoon complex. The results show that the main threats identified by local communities around the Keta Lagoon complex are overexploitation of natural resources (mentioned by 70% of respondents), blocked canals, salinization and climatic disturbances. These threats aggravate the communities' dependence on their environment and have led to a significant deterioration in their living conditions over the last 10 - 20 years. Some 46% of those interviewed have little or no knowledge of the Ramsar site, while 42% have a good knowledge of the site. This latter point calls into question the common belief that local stakeholders have in-depth knowledge of their protected area and a natural commitment to environmental protection. Despite this gap, there is a clear willingness among local communities to adhere to environmental protection laws. This diagnosis led to the updating of the 2023 - 2032 management plan for the Keta Lagoon complex, the first since 1999, aimed at restoring ecosystems, mitigating identified threats, and improving the living conditions of local communities by strengthening their involvement in the sustainable management of the site.

This article presents an analysis of the spatial distribution of bronchopulmonary cancer mortality in France at the scale of urban units (more than 20,000 or 10,000 inhabitants) between 1973 and 2016 (Cépidc Inserm mortality data). The analysis by city size in eight sub-periods makes it possible to observe different phases of spatial spread of the pathology. Since the main risk factor for this cancer is –by far- smoking, the spatial variations observed refer primarily to the spread and disparities in smoking practices. While the spatial distribution of mortality from bronchopulmonary cancers was mainly associated with the level of industrialization and urbanization in the 1950s to 1980s, social difficulties, access to employment, and the opposition between the most economically dynamic areas and the most marginalized seem to be the most structuring elements today. Thus, areas marked by deindustrialization, difficulties in economic reconversion, small and medium-sized towns far from major urban centres or a large number of cities around the Mediterranean now show a smaller decrease in male mortality and a more rapid increase in female mortality (except in northern cities). Mortality from bronchopulmonary cancers is an additional marker of social difficulties, of the marginalization and progressive detachment of certain areas from the most dynamic areas and the best connected to the leading cities of the national or European urban network.

Parti d’une revendication [légitime] du chef coutumier Kamuina Nsapu dans le territoire de Dibaya (Kasaï Central) qui était mal gérée par le pouvoir, le conflit qui porte le même nom et qui a opposé sa milice aux forces de l’ordre, a causé des milliers de morts, des blessés, l’incendie ou la destruction des maisons, des infrastructures et les édifices publics, mais aussi un déplacement massif des populations ainsi que leur errance à travers le territoire de Dibaya comme d’ailleurs à travers la province. Quant à l’aide humanitaire apportée, elle a été négativement appréciée par les victimes qui ont plutôt préféré plus une aide sous forme de cash qui leur aurait permis de s’adonner aux activités génératrices de revenus. Pour cela, les humanitaires devraient procéder à l’identification préalable des besoins de ces populations meurtries.

Cet article analyse l’impact de la politique fiscale sur le financement du processus électoral en RDC. Il est vrai que le financement des élections en RDC demeure une question qui divise les opinions. La gouvernement congolais a entrepris des marches différentes à chaque cycle électoral. A une certaine époque, le financement du processus électoral a bénéficié l’appuis extérieur; et à une autres époque, le gouvernement à décider de ne pas accepter le financement extérieur, c'est-à-dire que l’ Gouvernement a organisé les élections sur fonds propres. Ces différentes expériences poussent à s’interroger sur les sources de revenues pour trouver les moyens nécessaires à l’organisation des élections RDC. Cet article est focalisé sur la fiscalité comme source des revenues de l’Etat et sont impact sur le financement de la promotion de la démocratie en RDC.

As we celebrate the 20th anniversary of the digital journal e-Rea, this paper aims to look back to the issues of this journal from a statistical perspective. It analyses significant data and figures such as the quantity of published articles or book reviews, with a view to shedding light on editorial choices as seen over the years in the emergence of new sections. Visitor statistics highlight the internationalization of the journal and its increasing visibility in the field of English studies.

In the wake of the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the digital journal e-Rea, this paper aims to look back to issue number 17.2 entitled “Reported speech and the expression of subjectivity”, which was published in this journal in June 2020. Presenting the research topic and the different theoretical approaches selected for the volume, it links this publication to current research on reported speech, especially discourse analysis based on digital posts from social media.

Abstract Background Genetic diversity is a necessary condition for populations to evolve under natural adaptation, artificial selection, or both. However, genetic diversity is often threatened, in particular in domestic animal populations where artificial selection, genetic drift and inbreeding are strong. In this context, cryopreserved genetic resources are a promising option to reintroduce lost variants and to limit inbreeding. However, while the use of ancient genetic resources is more common in plant breeding, it is less documented in animals due to a longer generation interval, making it difficult to fill the gap in performance due to continuous selection. This study investigates one of the only concrete cases available in animals, for which cryopreserved semen from a bull born in 1977 in a lost lineage was introduced into the breeding scheme of a French local dairy cattle breed, the Abondance breed, more than 20 years later. Results We found that this re-introduced bull was genetically distinct with respect to the current population and thus allowed part of the genetic diversity lost over time to be restored. The expected negative gap in milk production due to continuous selection was absorbed in a few years by preferential mating with elite cows. Moreover, the re-use of this bull more than two decades later did not increase the level of inbreeding, and even tended to reduce it by avoiding mating with relatives. Finally, the reintroduction of a bull from a lost lineage in the breeding scheme allowed for improved performance for reproductive abilities, a trait that was less subject to selection in the past. Conclusions The use of cryopreserved material is an efficient way to manage the genetic diversity of an animal population, by mitigating the effects of both inbreeding and strong selection. However, attention should be paid to mating of animals to limit the disadvantages associated with incorporating original genetic material, notably a discrepancy in the breeding values for selected traits or an increase in inbreeding. Therefore, careful characterization of the genetic resources available in cryobanks could help to ensure the sustainable management of populations, in particular local or small populations. These results could also be transferred to the conservation of wild threatened populations.

Ce numéro thématique fait suite au colloque ROC 2021 sur le thème « Solidarités numériques en éducation : une culture en émergence ». Une volonté partagée de baliser le « territoire de questionnement » (Bouchard, 2011) des solidarités numériques au service de l’apprentissage a émergé des présentations et des échanges qui ont eu lieu. La communauté des chercheurs et celle des praticiens rendent ainsi compte d’initiatives de solidarités numériques au service de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage dans les contextes de réponse aux enjeux de « continuité pédagogique » ainsi que du rôle des acteurs. Au-delà des limites inhérentes à ce vaste chantier, les dix contributions de ce numéro traduisent de possibles champs d’action au service du développement d’une culture de solidarité numérique en éducation.