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Ensuring cost recovery and success in competition requires a flexible system of regulating the factors that determine it. In our opinion, one of the main such factors is the cost of seeds. It has been proven that the selection of the best hybrid in terms of productivity plays an important role in obtaining a high yield of sunflowers, as hybrids provide an increase in yield and even in excessively dry years, high yields of sunflowers can be obtained. The purpose of the research is to identify the dependence of yield on the costs of sunflower seeds and to increase their profitability by selecting the most effective hybrids. The work uses: monographic, comparative, statistical, tabular, graphic, abstract-logical methods and the method of correlation-regression analysis. It has been established that an economically beneficial factor in increasing crop yield for any cultivation technology is the quality composition of the used varietal resources. It was found that the best results in the enterprises of the Forest-Steppe zone are ensured by the use of hybrids. Thus, the highest rates of return on costs were obtained by hybrids NK Neoma and NK Kondi. The use of correlation-regression analysis allows determining the dependence of productivity on seed costs in the context of the use of hybrids that provide high return on costs.

The aim of this study was to initiate calli formation and cell suspension cultures from some species of Agastache genus. These plants could be useful for a production of bioactive secondary metabolites in vitro. For the initiation of callogenesis, two explant types were tested: leaf and stem explants from 40–60 days old in vitro seedlings. Percentage of callus formation was used as criterion to evaluate the efficiency of callus induction. Leaf- and stem-derived friable calli of A. foeniculum and A. urticifolia cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1 mg/L kinetin were selected for the cell suspension cultures establishing. The cell suspension cultures of A. foeniculum characterized by growth indexes of 1.08 and 8.57 for MS and B5 media respectively. For A. urticifolia suspension cultures growth indexes were 3.01 for MS medium and 1.29 for B5 medium. The period of culturing was 28 days. Viability of cell suspension cultures varied 50–100 during the period of culturing. According to the growth characteristics for establishing A. foeniculum suspension culture is better to use MS medium, and for A. urticifolia – B5.

This paper is devoted to modeling the temperature field on the rake surface of the hard alloy lathe cutter when turning the work piece from structural steel 30 for a given value of the operating time of the cutting system. The assessment of the thermal state is made taking into account the change in cutting forces during machining. To do this, a model of the evolution of the radial and axial components of the cutting force was built, taking into account its growth in time and the influence of irregular kinematic vibrational perturbations. The calculation of the average temperature values for each section of the rake surface was made on the basis of the scientific approach described earlier, according to which the heating of the contact occurs due to the viscous dissipation of the friction energy in the surface plastically deformed micro layers of the chip. The calculation of the temperature values along the rake surface was carried out by the finite element method on a solid-state model of a fragment of the cutting part of the tool, as a result of which temperature values for the control planes were obtained. The results of digital modeling demonstrate a good correspondence of the calculated temperature values to the experimental data obtained by the semi artificial thermocouple method. The error of modeling the temperature field without taking into account heat exchange with the environment was 7.7-8.6%.

This paper is devoted to the study of tribological characteristics of standard grades of high-speed steels (HSS) under conditions of friction on stainless steel 12H18N9T without the use of a lubricant. The grades of HSS selected for research differ in the value of thermal entropy, which is considered as an integral characteristic of their chemical composition. The tests were carried out according to the "pin-disk" friction scheme. The following differences in the characteristics of the friction process have been experimentally established, depending on the value of the thermal entropy of the HSS. Frictional interaction of high-entropy HSS was characterized by increasing the thickness of dissipative structures over time. The forming intermediate layer has a shielding effect, protecting the surfaces of rubbing bodies from destruction, but at the same time it has a large shear resistance, due to which higher coefficients of friction were recorded. The process of friction of HSS grades with low values of thermal entropy is characterized by the convergence of contacting bodies over time. For this group of materials, lower coefficients of friction were recorded against the background of a significant change in the surface micro relief relative to the initial state.

This article presents a project of a bookstore information system, the main purpose of which is to automate the trading activities of a bookstore, work with reports on sales and purchases. The purpose of creating the system is: to increase the number of clients served per unit of time due to the automatic generation of checks and invoices; reducing the time for processing and processing orders, searching for the necessary information about the product and generating invoices by storing and systematizing data in electronic form; reduction of costs and time for registration of deliveries of goods due to partial auto-completion of documents.

The paper considers the ways and methods of determining the strength of wood according to the current norms and rules. The required number of wood samples are tested and compared with the strength characteristics in SP 64.13330.2020 “Wood structures”. It is concluded that it is impossible to use the obtained results for calculations of building structures, due to the lack of coefficients in the norms, taking into account the vices of wood and the scale factor. The existing methods of nondestructive control of wood were analyzed. The tests were carried out and the dependences between the speed of sound along and across the fibers and the strength of the samples were plotted. The conclusions about the possibility of using the ultrasonic method to determine the strength of wood in the examination of buildings are made.

The critical-bibliographic review is dedicated to the scholarly collection series Edgar Allan Poe. Essays. Papers. Research (Krasnodar: Kuban State University, 1995–2000) and the collection Edgar Allan Poe. New Materials and Research (Krasnodar: Kuban Social and Economic Institute, 2011), published outside the series. A special attention is paid to the materials (including the archival ones) published in Russian for the first time. The review emphasizes the importance of the editions in question for Edgar Poe studies in Russia.

Large public events (forums, championships, contests, olympiads) are events with a large number of spectators and participants, which, as a rule, leads to the generation of a large amount of waste. Mass sporting events are no exception, and when planning them, a special role is assigned to the creation of environmentally friendly waste management system. The subject of the research is the concept of waste management at the upcoming World Junior Ice Hockey Championship in 2023 in Novosibirsk. The article also discusses the types of waste generated in the functional areas of the competition grounds, studied the practice of handling solid waste: possible technologies for utilization and collection. The scheme of waste management at various stages of sports competitions is presented. Reasonable waste management should be based on the following principles: waste minimization, repair and restoration of faulty equipment and inventory, reuse of goods and materials, maximum recycling and composting, minimum burial and storage at landfills. Based on the results of the article, the main methods and recommendations for effective waste management at WJC-2023 were identified

The article presents current and prospective estimates of the climatic changes parameters and their contradictory impact on the productivity of the agrifood system in the country’s southern regions. In the period up to 2030-2050, against the background of an increase in heat supply and duration of crop season, a mixed arid-humid type of moistening will have been predicted with an increase in aridization towards an increase in the frequency of droughts, including soil ones, as well as increased harmfulness of certain types of agricultural pests and pathogens. A new climate-adapted paradigm of sustainable development of the agrifood system in the South of Russia, based on Climate-Smart Agriculture, is proposed. The priority measures of climatic adaptation of the agrifood system in the South of Russia are grounded in connection with the growth of the spacing of winter crops, heat-loving, fruit and berry crops, vineyards; water-saving and moisture-retaining technologies; phytosanitary measures for the prevention and control of climate-dependent pests; agrotechnical methods of increasing the adaptive potential of crops to climate change; climate-adaptive schemes for the use of pastures; engineering of highly productive and climate-resistant agrophytocenoses and agroecosystems. Measures to stimulate climatic adaptation of the agrifood system in the South of the Russian Federation should involve the development and inclusion in the sectoral State Program of the Russian Federation of the Adaptation of Agriculture of the Constituent Entities of the South of the Russian Federation to Climate Change pilot section with an annual competition of regional agro-climatic projects based on budget COFUND; financing farms for the implementation of climate-adapted and related agricultural activities, climate insurance.

When studying the formation of secondary metabolites represented by phenolic compounds in callus cultures of sunflower plants, it was found that under in vitro conditions under the influence of a stress factor, the accumulation of polyphenols increases. It was found that the biosynthetic activity of callus cultures with respect to polyphenol increases in proportion to the concentration of the culture filtrate of the fungus (Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum) in the nutrient medium. This is confirmed by the qualitative and quantitative determination of the content of polyphenols in callus cultures. In savory plants, when introduced into culture in vitro, there is a sharp decrease in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. Ethanol extracts of microclones and callus cultures showed no fungicidal activity.

The article presents a study of today’s market of medicinal plants in Ukraine. It was discovered that the world’s demand for both medicinal plants and herbal medicines is rapidly growing.Today production of medicinal plants is a promising and profitable activity. The purpose of the article is to research the level of concentration and to determine the leading medicinal plant growers in Ukraine, as well as to assess risks of collective monopolization of Ukrainian medicinal plants market. Object of the research –a pool of enterprises-producers of medicinal plants in Ukraine, according to official statistics. The assessment of medicinal plants market concentration was carried out using the following coefficients (indices): concentrationratio, Linda Index, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, relative concentration, entropy index, market share dispersion among leading firms, variation index, Gini index, Hall-Tideman index. In order to clearly demonstrate the level of uneven distribution of medicinal plants in the market between the leading producers Lorenz Curvewas built. The assessment of Ukrainian medicinal plants market concentration and monopolization showed the signs of limited oligopolypresence. The analysis of oligopolynucleus dispersity, which determines the ratio between the sizesof individual firmscomposing it, showed the uneven distribution of market shares between enterprises-competitors. Further detailed research of the medicinal plants market will make an important contribution tothe market strategy development of this sphere in Ukraine.

The duration of an object construction is considered as a parameter expressing the concentrated influence of all stages of its formation, including design, preconstruction, construction, etc. It is shown that the construction stage, as the final stage, is the most flexible and its components that include organization of construction, technology and mechanization of construction and installation works promptly implement solutions from all previous stages, consisting of a large number of various methods and ways of influencing the construction duration. These activities allow reducing energy costs and making production less energy intensive. The decisions on combining the work of the preconstruction and the main periods of construction are given as an example.

The article investigates the evolution modes of cluster damage structure in brittle heterogeneous materials by using a three-dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton. By comparing the data of computer and physical experiments, there was established the essential role of the model parameter, which describes the intensity of the material destruction process under the influence of local overstress near the existing damage clusters - the probability of perimeter germination. The comparison of kinetic curves of damage accumulation and correlation functions showed that, depending on the probability value for damage cluster perimeter germination, two qualitatively different modes of evolution of damage accumulation process are observed. In this case, the best correspondence of correlation functions in model and physical experiment on pulsed electromagnetic emission is observed for perimeter germination probability values smaller than 0.2.

The article considers reconstruction as the important direction of fixed assets reproduction. It provides information about industry specific features of the reconstruction and highlights the most likely works. It also shows the ways to improve the efficiency of reconstruction through the implementation of an integrated approach based on the joint development of solutions by all participants of the reconstruction works. As a result, when developing space-planning and design solutions, organizational and technological solutions are taken into account. The article also concerns the introduction of the most advanced technological processes, the rational use of the facility territory, taking into account the interests of the participants of the reconstruction works. The conditions for the production of reconstruction work are reflected in the real way.

The article considers the levels of organizational and techno-logical documentation, solution of which is subject to evaluation (construc-tion projects organization, labor production projects, technologic maps, particular sections of documents and solution of local objectives). Groups and a list of applied assessment indicators are also given. The approaches of private and complex evaluation of organizational solutions are revealed - methods of criteria estimation (average weighted, additive, multiplicative, generalizing) methods for modeling indicators (continuity, combination, rhythmicity, uniformity, intensity of production labor), multiple correlation methods (polynomials of the 1st and nth degree). At the same time, the conditions for the expedient application of such methods with appropriate recommendations and explanations are described.

The article contains substantiation of the need for investment and construction projects in various sectors of the construction production. On the basis of domestic and foreign experience it describes the concept of the client (customer) and his functions and tasks in the implementation of such projects. It also systematizes the main stages of the customer’s activities, which are presented as a preparation for the construction, development of construction sites, monitoring the progress of the construction, commis-sioning and commissioning of facilities. There is also a determination of time intervals at each stage, the final formula for calculating the duration of the investment project due to the given the shared stages. The article also gives optimization variants in some sectors of construction production.