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Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this work is to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of Moringa oleifera seeds in the purification of waste water. Parasitological analyzes were carried out on three types of water: raw sewage (RS), treated sewage (TS), and wastewater treated (WT) with M. oleifera seeds. The results obtained, showed that the RS have a high pollution in parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris sp, Strongyloides sp, Trichuris spp, Ankylostoma sp). The TS revealed a decrease in helminth 9 eggs/L. however, this value remain above the algerian andWHO standards. The results obtained of wastewater treated with M. oleifera seeds, a total absence of parasites. The rate of abatement of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs were of treated sewage was 85.86% and 58.02% respectively. While for water treated by M. oliefera was 100% and 100% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae are unicellular, photosynthethic organisms that can grow on diverse aquatic habitats like ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, waste water and humid soils. Recently, microalgae are gaining importance as renewable sources of biologically active food compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, essential fatty acids, biopigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, astaxanthin, as well as vitamins and minerals. The bioactive food compounds of microalgae enable them to be part of multitude of applications in numerous industrial products for healthy life and ecosystem. This review article summarizes the applications of biologically active food compounds derived from microalgae as nutraceuticals, healthy dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Further, this review article highlights the importance of research focus on the identification and extraction of bioactive food compounds from the huge numbers of microlage that exist in nature for sustainable global food security and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the production of bio-oil through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process using sewage sludge from wastewater, along with the hydrotreating of the bio-oil. The simulation process began with a wastewater flow rate of 460 tonnes/day, where the feedstock was divided into two streams. The first stream underwent the HTL process, while the other was directed towards hydrogen production. The resulting products included gaseous products, crude bio-oil, and heavy liquid. The crude bio-oil was further upgraded by introducing hydrogen, which was obtained through gasification and purified by gas separation using a palladium membrane. The primary product mainly comprised alkane, with a carbon content of 85.89% and hydrogen content of 14.11%. For the purification of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil, a fractionation distillation tower arrangement was designed. In addition, Additionally, the gaseous products underwent fractionation distillation to obtain 98% nitrogen and 99.9% liquid carbon dioxide. Considering the carbon footprint, it was observed that the bio-oil production process resulted in the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

The serious issue of antibiotic contamination has become a pressing concern. Antibioticcontaminated wastewater that is not effectively treated can have detrimental effects on both aquatic environments and human health. Therefore, it is imperative to intensify research efforts towards developing efficient and effective processes for removing antibiotics from aquatic environments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common antibiotic removal processes used in sewage treatment plants, including physical adsorption and membrane filtration. It also examines various chemical treatments such as ozone oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis, Fenton oxidation, persulfate oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation. In addition, the paper discusses biological treatments including anaerobic biological treatment, aerobic biological treatment, and constructed wetland treatment, as well as the combination of related processes. Through this review of the relevant literature, it is evident that advanced oxidation technology demonstrates superior performance in single removal processes for antibiotics. Furthermore, the combination of different removal processes yields even more effective antibiotic removal outcomes, indicating great potential for future development. Finally, this paper highlights the importance of future research in antibiotic removal to further advance the field and promote the growth of antibiotic removal technology.

Water is the most required element next to air for terrestrial living being. Though the water is everywhere but no direct use is possible as the fresh water is getting contaminated through various human activities. The conventional treatment methods using activated sludge process, attached growth systems such as trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, aerated lagoons and stabilization ponds are normally practiced in many places with each one having its own merits and demerits depending on space availability, energy requirements etc. An alternative solution called phytoremediation method can save energy requirements to the great extent but space required will be more and it can be used advantageously where space is not a constraint. This method involves using plants to absorb and metabolize pollutants found in wastewater, including nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and other organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, sewage is passed through a bed of plants, which takes up nutrients and contaminants while releasing oxygen during their photosynthesis process. This promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria that further break down pollutants. In the present work, Spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) and Heliconia (Heliconia psittacorum) are two species of tropical plants used in constructed wetlands and that have shown potential in the treatment of sewage. Conducted the performance studies on both plants separately. The efficiency achieved with spider lily plants Heliconia plants are 87.2% and 79.6% in BOD removal respectively. These systems are also relatively low-cost and require minimal maintenance, making them a viable option for wastewater treatment in areas where conventional treatment systems may be too expensive or impractical.

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Afin d'assurer la vigilance sanitaire des potentiels incidents sur la faune domestique liés aux boues résiduaires de stations d'épuration urbaines, la cellule de veille sanitaire vétérinaire a été réactivée en 2015 pour une durée de trois ans grâce à un partenariat entre l'Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie (ADEME) et le Centre national d'informations toxicologiques vétérinaires (CNITV). Son activité, basée sur le recensement et l'expertise des cas d'affections animales suspectées impliquant les boues, a permis l'enregistrement de 17 notifications, dont 14 dans son champ de compétence. Les dangers sanitaires évoqués sont majoritairement d'origine biologique (10/14), et parmi ceux-ci la cysticercose est une préoccupation majeure (6/14), malgré une absence de lien de causalité établi dans les cas instruits. La population exposée est principalement d'origine bovine (79 %, soit 11/14). Sur les cas imputables, l'implication des boues a été jugée « peu probable » dans 90 % des cas (9/10) et « improbable » dans un cas. Ainsi, si on se réfère simplement au nombre d'appels reçus et aux imputations attribuées à chacun de ces cas, on peut conclure à une incidence faible des accidents sanitaires vétérinaires potentiellement liés aux boues, résultats renforcés par les données de la littérature, à la condition du respect des bonnes pratiques d'épandage, mais à nuancer par les limites inhérentes à la cellule (suivi difficile des cas, possibilités limitées d'approfondissement, faible nombre de cas rapportés). La participation des vétérinaires praticiens à cette veille s'est avérée relativement faible (15 % de déclarants), alors qu'ils sont des éléments indispensables au maillage sanitaire vétérinaire. Une sensibilisation supplémentaire à la problématique est envisageable. To monitor potential effects on domestic animals and livestock of waste sludge from urban sewage treatment plants, the animal health monitoring unit was revived in 2015 for a period of three years thanks to a partnership between ADEME and the National Center for Veterinary Toxicological Information (CNITV). Its task of drawing up an inventory and providing expertise in cases of suspected animal diseases involving sludge resulted in the notification of 17 cases, including 14 in its field of competence. The health hazards mentioned are mainly of biological origin (10/14), and among these, cysticercosis is a major concern (6/14), despite the inability to establish a causal link in the cases studied. The exposed population is mainly of bovine origin (11/14, or 79%). In attributable cases, the involvement of sludge was considered "unlikely" in 90% of cases (9/10) and "improbable" in one case. Thus, if we simply refer to the number of calls received and to the causes attributed to each of these cases, we can suppose that the incidence of veterinary medical accidents potentially related to sludge is low, on condition that good spreading practices are used. These results are supported by the literature, but should be interpreted in light of the limitations inherent to the unit (difficult case monitoring, limited possibilities of further study, and low number of reported cases). Participation of veterinary practitioners in this study has been relatively low (15% of respondents), although they form an essential part of the veterinary health network. Greater awareness of the problem is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore a new way to improve the development efficiency of polymer flooding in sewage system, the laboratory evaluation of LH2500 new salt-resistant polymer was carried out, and the field test was carried out in the middle of Xing 6 area in Daqing Oilfield. The indoor results show that compared with the 25 million polymer of Daqing Refining & Chemical Co., Ltd. under the same concentration of the cleaning system, the viscosity of LH2500 salt-resistant polymer is about 29% higher, the residual resistance is more than 10%, and the dynamic adsorption capacity is more than 5%. Increase the recovery rate by 4 percentage points. In the field application process, through optimizing the design of the oil displacement scheme of salt-resistant polymer and establishing the on-site dynamic tracking and adjustment technology, the development effect of the test area is remarkable, with the lowest water cut falling below 80% and the maximum drop reaching 15.6 percentage points, with the low value period as long as 22 months, the staged enhanced oil recovery rate reaching 13.5 percentage points, and the ultimate enhanced oil recovery rate is expected to reach more than 16 percentage points. Compared with ordinary polymer blocks, the recovery ratio in the test area is increased by more than 4 percentage points. At the same time, due to the dilution of sewage system, the excess sewage in oil field is effectively alleviated, and the high and stable yield of environmental protection is realized.

This research analyzes behaviors and practices related to waste and water in housing through a survey conducted in March 2016 in the municipalities of Oran, with 228 people. Our goal was to answer the following question that people's perception and behavior for sustainable development? to answer this problem, water and waste behaviors have been analyzed, the management of their itineraries outside the dwelling is the most complicated problem at the local level. Among the objectives retained by this survey also, measure the degree of knowledge, and practices of the population of the city of Oran vis-à-vis its urban residential environment. the main findings show that household environmental behaviors are strongly related to the level of education, the habitat environment, the gender and the age of the household head. On the question of the sustainable management of the environment in Algeria it would be essential, recourse to the European experience which to consider the integration of the whole population to reinforce the action of the public authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several degradations have been observed on the sanitation networks (pipes and manholes) in Ouargla region, because of the quality of the concrete produced, the type of pipes used, and also the aggressiveness of the external environment. These problems include the carbonation of concrete or the diffusion of carbon dioxide inside the pores of reinforced concrete the sewage system. In this study, they are mading of SRC² cement concrete specimens, these samples were kept in the real environment (waste water and CO2 gas), and the results were compared to those than of control specimens. They concluded that SRC cement concrete is of low durability in sewage system, and is rapidly degraded by carbon dioxide. Finally, for the specimens exposed to this gas we recorded a regression of 40 % about of compressive strength and also a depth of carbonation that reaches the order of 8 mm at the age of 365 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater from textile processing and dyestuff manufacturing industries contains different kinds of dyes and their metabolites, which are mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. Such wastewater should be treated in order to avoid ground and surface water contamination. The aim of present research was to isolate such bacterial strains which are capable of degrading dye-originated aromatic amines. Ten samples of wastewater and sludge were collected from outlets and wastewater streams of different textile industries. The analysis of wastewater showed a wide variation in the pH (8.10-12.3), total dissolved solids (500-20100 mg L-1) and chemical oxygen demand (125-556 mg L-1). A total of 256 bacterial isolates were collected through enrichment of the mineral salt medium with an aromatic amine, 4-nitroaniline (100 µmol L-1), and dyes (100 mg L-1) using 10 mL wastewater/sludge as inoculum source. Based on ability to degrade 4-nitroaniline most efficient bacterial strain was identified as Raoultella planticola (IL11) through 16S rRNA gene analysis. These findings suggest that the indigenous bacterial strains have potential for bioremediation of dye-containing textile effluents, and for complete mineralization, 4- nitroaniline degrading strains may be used in combination with dye degrading strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of water supply system reconstruction in mass series buildings are reviewed with consideration of water- and resource saving. Principal points for location of plumbing cells in apartments, arrangement of water devices and wastewater receivers, selection of pipelines for reconstructed water line are described. Comparative analysis of design variants of inner water line before and following reconstruction are given. It was found that applying the developed system design approaches the head losses in the inner water supply line will be significantly decreased as well as the water mains length will be decreased with material and installation saving. Based on the data the conclusions on necessity to review standard arrangement solutions of water supply systems in the reconstructed buildings were made. Recommendations on water loss reduction in the system by installation of special water saving fittings on water devices and touchless faucets.

BACKGROUND: Global poliomyelitis eradication initiative relies on (i) laboratory based surveillance of acute flaccid surveillance (AFP) to monitor the circulation of wild poliovirus in a population, and (ii) vaccination to prevent its diffusion. However, as poliovirus can survive in the environment namely in sewage, environmental surveillance (ES) is of growing importance as the eradication target is close. This study aimed to assess polioviruses and non polio enteroviruses circulation in sewage drains covering a significant population of Dakar. METHODS: from April 2007 to May 2013, 271 specimens of raw sewage were collected using the grab method in 6 neighborhoods of Dakar. Samples were processed to extract and concentrate viruses using polyethylene glycol and Dextran (two-phase separation method). Isolation of enteroviruses was attempted in RD, L20B and Hep2 cell lines. Polioviruses were identified by RT-PCR and Elisa. Non Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs) were identified by RT-PCR and microneutralisation tests. RESULTS: polioviruses and NPEVs were respectively detected in 34,3% and 42,8% sewage samples. No wild poliovirus neither circulating vaccine-derived Poliovirus (cVDPV) was detected. Neutralization assays have identified 49 non polio enteroviruses that were subsequently classified in 13 serotypes belonging to HEV-A (22, 4%), HEV-B (12, 24%), HEV-C (26, 53%) and HEV-D (6, 12%) species. CONCLUSION: this study is the first documentation of enteroviruses environmental detection in Senegal. It shows the usefulness of environmental surveillance for indirect monitoring of the circulation and distribution of enteroviruses in the community.

INTRODUCTION: Between February and October 2009 an increase in morbidity and mortality in dogs in a national kennel in Abuja, Nigeria, was observed with signs indicative of leptospirosis. Concurrent illness was observed in some kennel workers which had high titres of leptospira antibodies. METHODS: An unmatched case-control study was conducted to identify associated factors. Fifteen cases and fifteen controls were recruited. A probable case was defined as any person working at the kennel with history of fever, chills, headache, myalgia with either conjunctivitis or sore throat between February and December 2009. Controls were healthy kennel workers within the same period. Inclusion criteria were any person meeting the definition (for both cases and controls). Kennel workers who were sick but did not fit into the case definition were excluded. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis showed that wounds or cuts on either hands or legs of kennel workers during the period of the outbreak and contact with sewage at the kennel together (p = 0.001) was associated with leptospirosis among kennel workers. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed the importance of environmental hygiene in the prevention and control of leptospirosis. Sanitation and hygiene improvements were recommended.