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Papermaking in Xinjiang has a long history beginning during the Han Dynasty, to which a good many ancient documents excavated there bear witness. As an important trans­mitter of culture along the Silk Road, paper bears the imprint of the historical development of Xinjiang. Paper and papermaking techniques in Xinjiang are therefore of great historical and cultural importance. This article gives an overview of the development of traditional paper­making in Xinjiang, especially the mulberry papermaking in the Hotan area, by presenting its history, the raw materials used, papermaking and processing techniques, usages and the revival of handmade mulberry paper today in order to demonstrate its diverse values.

The cultural background of the proliferation of early paper in Central Asia and its use outside China has rarely been explored. Since written sources are inconclusive regarding the origins and spread of papermaking, archaeological and material evidence assumes increased importance. The preserved manuscripts found along the Silk Road have been used as a key source in the study of religion, literature and the cultural history of Central Asia. They have, however, rarely been viewed as artefacts in their own right, with their own specific form and produced by a specific technology. Paper is one of the most important physical aspects of a manuscript and at the same time bears witness to early papermaking technologies. As an introduction to the vol­ume Asian paper as writing support, this article outlines the early history and technology of pa­permaking as revealed by the oldest manuscripts in existence, those found along the Silk Road.

This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC pro­ject “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic analyses rely on traces found in the material of the paper which may be the result of the many stages in the life of the document: the raw material, the manufacturing process, the conditions of use and the storage conditions, both ancient and modern. To this day 350 fragments have been observed. Little is known about papermaking in Central Asia. As a consequence, every shred of information must be examined in order to deter­mine the differences from and similarities to paper manufacturing in Xinjiang.

The fibres and technologies used in the production of 14 handmade paper samples of known provenance, collected during study tours to Nepal, Thailand and Japan in 1984, 1985 and 1988 illustrate the importance of the preparation process for the final quality of the paper. The detailed descriptions from field notes and observation of the time-consuming preparation process of the fibres from the Moraceae and Thymelaeaceae plant families in this article indicate the close connection between the preparation of the fibres and the technology used in the sheet formation and the drying process. A useful reference for known fibres, technology and prove­nance, these 14 samples serve in comparative analyses as an identification key for the fibres and technology of unidentified Asian papers.

Review

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the relation between slavery and the structures and practices of law with reference to a story of a woman named Rosalie who, in the late 18th century, was deported as a slave to the French colony of Saint-Domingue (modern day Haïti). Efforts made by Rosalie in regaining her liberty are highlighted. Role of law and judicial processes in upholding and challenging the structures of caste and white supremacy that emerged after the end of slavery is discussed.

Robert Klymasz et John Willis, Revelations - Bimellenial papers from the canadian museum of civiliszation, Hull, Musee canadien des civilisations, 2001, 285 p. A l'occasion du debut du troisieme millenaire, [...]

There are various sources concerning the manufacture of Indochinese paper at the be­ginning of the 20th century: articles published in colonial magazines by engineers or by industrial managers working in Indochina, photographs and postcards taken by the colonial services; the work of Henri Oger, administrator of the French civil services stationed in Hanoi between 1912 and 1919; and during a later period and Dard Hunter’s book published in 1947, following a trip he made to Indochina. These sources provide a fairly precise idea of paper production and its social organisation in the region. This article presents the production of paper in the northern part of present-day Vietnam. It attempts to show the links between the Chinese and Tonkinese paper making.

This article is an English translation by Anna-Grethe Rischel of Julius von Wiesner’s pioneering study of the oldest specimens of rag paper of Central Asian origin conducted soon after the discovery of large collections of manuscripts found in Dunhuang. This work, impor­tant for philology, codicology and paper history was fundamental to studies of paper as writing support of old manuscripts carried out at the beginning of the 20th century. The text written in German is little known and is therefore offered here in English.

We normally hardly notice the mass-produced paper products that pass through our hands on a daily basis, which we then recycle. In fact it has recently been predicted that books printed on paper will be replaced by digital formats. However, paper endures and specialist craft papers are now being produced in increasing quantities, especially valued by artists and conservators, but also by tourists visiting paper-producing areas around the world. Paper is therefore flourishing even in our computer and mobile-phone focused world. One of the areas benefiting from this revival is the Himalayas. As well as serving the tourist trade these products are now exported world-wide, as they were when paper first arrived in Europe in the eleventh century. There are even organisations that run Tibetan-style paper making workshops in Amer­ica. This paper focuses on the papermaking revival in Tibet (China), Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim (India). Using information gained from visits to producers, middle men, as well as retail and export operations, it seeks to compare the economic and social factors influencing the revival, including conservation issues. The conclusion highlights the fact that, even in the twenty first century, hand-crafted items still play an important rôle in our lives.

28-29 May 2012 but not included in this volume: Kevin Anderson, 'Dispelling the Medieval Darkness: Anti-Catholicism in Canada, 1910-1929' Calum Beck, 'Peace by Distance: Gentlemen's Agreements and Protestant-Catholic Relations on [...]

University of New Brunswick--St. Thomas University, Fredericton 31 May-1 June 2011 but not included in this volume: Marie-Claire Arsenau, 'Africadian and Acadian Catholics of Southville, Nova Scotia' Patti Bannister, 'Achieving [...]

Anne Gagnon, 'Child-Naming Practices and Modernization in Franco-Albertan Families, 1890s- 1940s' Allan Greet, 'From Teenage Runaway in Europe to Missionary in Canada, A Jesuit Story' Gabriela Kasprzak, 'Priests and Consuls: [...]

Papers presented at the Annual meeting University of Manitoba, 30-31 May 2004 but not included in this volume: Paul Laverdure, 'The Champlain Society's Petitot Project: Emile Petitot, OMI 1838-1917' Heidi [...]

University of Saskatchewan, 28 May--29 May 2007 but not included in this volume: Keith Thor Carlson, 'Saskatchewan: A Re-appraisal of 19th Century Oblate-Aboriginal Relations: Oral History and Archival Documents in [...]

University of Western Ontario, 31 May-June 1 2005 but not included in this volume: Jane Errington, 'Evangelical Women and Benevolence in the First Half of the 19th Century' Elizabeth McGahan, [...]

Dalhousie University, 29-30 May 2003 but not included in this volume: Terrence J. Fay, 'Chinese Canadian Parishes across Canada, 1917-2003' Larry Dohey, 'The Library of Bishop J.T. Mullock in the [...]

Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper provides an exploration of the complex and reciprocal relation between identity, history, and destiny in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children and Angela Carter's Wise Children. We regard these two works as exemplary in their use of magical realism, not merely as a stylistic device, but also as a powerful narrative tool that helps define the complexities of human existence. Through a comparative analysis, this paper examines how Rushdie and Carter blend the real with the fantastical to challenge conventional narratives, exploring the intricate nature of identity and the dynamic reciprocity between personal and collective histories. In Midnight's Children, Rushdie blends the life of his protagonist, Saleem Sinai, with the historical reality of postcolonial India, using magical realism to blur the boundaries between the personal and the national, the real and the imagined. The novel’s non-linear structure and fragmented narration reflect the tumultuous and often contradictory nature of postcolonial identity, illustrating how personal and national histories are intertwined and constantly evolving. The midnight's children, born at the exact moment of India’s independence, symbolize the nation’s future potential but also its inherent complexities, their supernatural abilities serving as metaphors for the highly diverse and complex nature of Indian identity. On the other hand, Angela Carter’s Wise Children explores identity using performance and theatricality, focusing on the lives of Dora and Nora Chance, the illegitimate daughters of a famous Shakespearean actor. Carter’s narrative style, characterized by its playfulness and subversive humor, uses magical realism to blur the lines between reality and performance, suggesting that identity is as much a construction and performance as any role played on stage. The Chance sisters’ improbable survival and their lives filled with theatrical performances and fantastical elements highlight the fluidity of identity and the artificiality of social constructs such as legitimacy and lineage. Children play an extremely important role in both novels, their symbolism lying at the core of both narratives. Opposing the reality of the adult world to the fantastic freedom of childhood, with its lack of imaginative boundaries, the novels question the nature of reality and our accepted worldview. This study draws on the primary literature, analyzing the two mentioned works, but also on a wide range of secondary literature, including postcolonial theory, feminist criticism, and narrative theory, to situate the analysis within broader cultural and literary contexts. Homi K. Bhabha's concept of hybridity is particularly relevant in understanding the fragmented identities in Midnight's Children, while Judith Butler's theory of performativity offers insights into the fluid identities portrayed in Wise Children. By examining the symbolic roles of children in both novels, the research highlights how Rushdie and Carter use magical realism to explore and critique the constructed nature of identity, history, and destiny. Ultimately, this study argues that magical realism in these novels is not simply a narrative style but a powerful tool for exploring the complexities of identity and history in postcolonial and feminist contexts. Midnight's Children and Wise Children both challenge the linear, teleological narratives of history and identity, offering instead a vision of reality that is many-sided, fluid, and constantly being rewritten. Through their use of magical realism, Rushdie and Carter create narratives that invite readers to question conventional understandings of the self, society, the present and the past, offering new possibilities for the ways in which we understand identity, history, and destiny.

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is meant to trace the Romain Gary's experience like diplomat in Sofia, 1946 - 1948. The writer is testifying to methods of communist Dictatorship during the Stalinist period of Bulgarian History and to country's transformation on satellite of U.R.S.S. My Research is based on Gary's novels "La nuit sera calme" and "Le sens de ma vie", and on movie "Le Libraire" ("The Bookseller") of Catherine Bernstein and Assen Vladimirov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Matériaux et Techniques is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dwelling and Witnessing. Being-Witness and Being-in-the-World - - - “Dwelling” has become one of the central concepts in contemporary philosophy, also thanks to Martin Heidegger. The paper examines the connection between the topology of dwelling and the existential structure of being-witness outlined in Heidegger’s exposition of being-in-the-world in Being and Time. The paper subsequently focuses on Heidegger’s definition of historicity as testimoniality in his lecture “Hölderlin and the Essence of Poetry” (1936). Historicity as testimoniality initially defines the possibility of dwelling, otherwise the latter falls into the situation of homelessness. Finally, in this context, an outline is given of the concept of “historical thinking” in the works of the Croatian philosopher Vanja Sutlić.

This paper explores the relationship between memory, history and identity from the perspective of Ricœur‟s philosophical hermeneutics, in which the concept of memory integrates those of history and forgetting. This approach puts in a new light the ancient truth of the hypostasis of memory as a condition for the recognition of identity both at the individual and collective level and at the same time the contexts of human creativity. Thanks to memory, the imagination can bring faces, events, facts from the past back into the present and, in this sense, memory as a “province of the imagination” beyond its temporalizing function could play a heuristic role, namely to discover the use of memory not only by ideology as an expression of the social imaginary, intended to legitimize power, but also to recognize and build an authentic identity, to understand human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the intersection of 19th-century philosophy with historical events, spotlighting Nietzsche, Bentham, Kierkegaard, and Schopenhauer and their distinct perspectives on suffering as a positive element, reflective of the era's cultural and historical nuances. The first part of the paper is a summary of the 19th century and its noteworthy events. The second part argues that suffering is a constant element of human existence by highlighting conceptual similarities between all four philosophers when they describe the challenges that humans must face. The third part of the paper analyzes the relationship between suffering and self-knowledge. The fourth and last part of the paper explores the mechanism of suffering as an epiphenomenon.

A discussion of Romantic literature examines the links between literature and history and a mythic mechanism, a recurrent polarization between two opposite trends (myth and history) at the level of discourse, symbols, and representation. Mytho-romantic and neo-romantic are distinguished and examined. (Author/MSE)

Traces the history of the advances and setbacks experienced by proponents of sign language in France and in the United States from the 18th century to the present. (AM)

Discusses various theoretical approaches to the semantic analysis of lexical units, focusing on the componential or axiological approach which defines a unit's semantic "value" as the combination of certain distinctive features. Concludes that this approach, so far, has not offered much practical assistance to translators faced with equivalence problems. (MES)

Gives a historical outline of people's attitudes toward foreign languages and linguistic borrowing, with particular attention to the role that cultural prestige and sociopolitical factors play in their evolution and in the evolution of translation styles. Concerning the latter, shows how changes correlate with the acceptance or rejection of neologisms. (MES)