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National audience; Interactive paper technologies offer new opportunities for supporting the highly individual practices of creative artists, such as contemporary music composers, who express and explore their ideas on both paper and the computer. We introduce PaperComposer, a graphical interface builder that allows users to create a personalized interactive paper interface that they can connect to their own computer-based musical data. We also present an API that facilitates the development of interactive paper components for PaperComposer. We describe one public demonstration of a novel musical interface designed for children and our collaborations with composers to create two novel interactive music interfaces that reflected their individual composition styles.

Hermann Schmitz, the author of the text that is presented here in translation, can be regarded as a founding father of research on atmosphere for the German-speaking world. He is however not a founder in the sense of having intentionally laid a foundation stone for a field of research, by publishing a monograph or important essay on the subject of atmospheres, which was subsequently developed and became more differentiated. Rather, his first use of the concept of atmospheres was in a subordin...

Background The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most widely used questionnaire to screen for problematic Internet use. Nevertheless, its factorial structure is still debated, which complicates comparisons among existing studies. Most previous studies were performed with students or community samples despite the probability of there being more problematic Internet use among users of specific applications, such as online gaming or gambling. Objective To assess the factorial structure of a modified version of the IAT that addresses specific applications, such as video games and online poker. Methods Two adult samples—one sample of Internet gamers (n=920) and one sample of online poker players (n=214)—were recruited and completed an online version of the modified IAT. Both samples were split into two subsamples. Two principal component analyses (PCAs) followed by two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were run separately. Results The results of principal component analysis indicated that a one-factor model fit the data well across both samples. In consideration of the weakness of some IAT items, a 17-item modified version of the IAT was proposed. Conclusions This study assessed, for the first time, the factorial structure of a modified version of an Internet-administered IAT on a sample of Internet gamers and a sample of online poker players. The scale seems appropriate for the assessment of such online behaviors. Further studies on the modified 17-item IAT version are needed.

International university rankings are attracting growing interest among public opinion, universities and nations, which is evident in a global knowledge economy, improving the competitiveness and reputation of universities becomes an end in itself. Their public nature draws attention to concerns for excellence in higher education and seems to produce a spirit of competitiveness among universities and encourages them to perform better. The university charts show more and more the supremacy of the elite universities which are always at the top and which maintain their reputation. This article focuses on the predominant global characteristics that determine the quality and competitiveness of elite universities and suggests some strategies that universities can adopt to improve their competitiveness by drawing on the different indicators selected by the different rankings of universities., Les classements internationaux des universités suscitent un intérêt croissant parmi l'opinion public, les universités et les nations, ce qui est évident dans une économie mondiale du savoir, améliorer la compétitivité et la réputation des universités devient une fin en soi même. Leur caractêre public attire l'attention sur les préoccupations pour l'excellence dans l'enseignement supérieur et semble produire un esprit de compétitivité parmi les universités et les encourage à mieux performer. Les palmarês universitaires montrent de plus en plus la suprématie des universités d'élite qui sont toujours au top et qui maintiennent leur réputation. Le présent article met l'accent sur les caractéristiques globales prédominantes qui déterminent la qualité et la compétitivité des universités d'élite et propose quelques stratégies que les universités peuvent adopter pour améliorer leur compétitivité en s'inspirant des différents indicateurs retenus par les différents classements des universités.

ParticipACTION is the Canadian physical activity communications and social marketing organization first launched in the fall of 1971 and then ceased operations in 2001. ParticipACTION was relaunched in 2007. Framed as a public health natural experiment, evidence was collected from a population-based survey of knowledge, awareness, understanding of physical activity, and physical activity levels among Canadians (individual level), and key informant surveys and interviews examining capacity, readiness and advocacy for physical activity promotion among physical activity organizations (organizational level). The purpose of this paper is to first provide an overview of some of the major initiatives undertaken by the 'new' ParticipACTION that may have contributed to any changes at these individual or organizational levels. Second, the paper sets the stage for the three empirical papers in this special series reporting follow-up results.ParticipACTION est un organisme de communications et de marketing social voué à la promotion de l’activité physique au Canada, qui a été fondé à l’automne 1971, a cessé ses activités en 2001 et a été relancé en 2007. Conçues comme une expérience naturelle en santé publique, les données probantes ont été tirées à la fois d’une enquête fondée sur la population et portant sur les connaissances, la sensibilisation, la compréhension de l’activité physique et les niveaux d’activité physique des Canadiens (à l’échelle de l’individu) et de sondages et d’entrevues auprès d’informateurs clés visant à examiner le pouvoir d’action, l’état de préparation et le soutien des organisations en matière de promotion de l’activité physique (à l’échelle de l’organisation). Cet article vise en premier lieu à donner un aperçu de certaines des principales initiatives entreprises par la « nouvelle version » de ParticipACTION susceptibles d’avoir contribué à des changements sur le plan individuel ou organisationnel. En second lieu, il prépare le terrain pour les trois études empiriques de cette série d’articles consacrée aux résultats de suivi.

The digital battle has become the most important factor of economic and social development. In fact, there is no doubt on the fact that establishing E-government systems can improve the quality of government services and enhance the citizens’ life. However, E-government projects cannot be successful if they are not adapted to the specific cultural and social needs of the final users. Taking into consideration the high illiteracy rate within the Moroccan population, we conducted our research in order to design an E-government portal for the old city of Fez that is accessible by the majority of the citizens especially those who are illiterate. The objective of this research is exploring the different architectures, scenarios and technologies for designing an E-government portal that is usable and accessible by all Fez citizens whether they are literate or illiterate. Hence, the concrete output of this project is a usable graphical user interface accessible to both literate and illiterate people in order for them to interact with the static content and to use the online transactions. In the process of achieving our goal, we had to discover and create design principles and to test them with real users. To achieve our goal we had to pay particular attention to the following points: • Considering the two existing types of illiteracy: literal illiteracy and digital illiteracy. • Designing the GUI so that it is not dedicated mainly to illiterate people: literate people too should be able to use the e-government system without frustration. • Since it is the first portal targeting illiterate users in Morocco, we were interested also in building conventions on the type of symbols to be used. In fact, the main two assumptions behind this project are: • Effective electronic service delivery has to enable citizens to access government services in a new and more effective way than the traditional ways. • Government services have to be presented to citizens in a usable format and in a human centred manner. In that way, we can express the goals that are aimed to be achieved by this project as being: • Improving knowledge about how illiterate citizens in Morocco can interact with E- government services. • Developing a methodology and architecture for e-government application development that fulfils the needs of Arabic developing countries. • Demonstrating the ability of Moroccan illiterate citizens to interact with e-government portals that uses new technologies. This paper describes and justifies the chosen methodology, architecture and tools that were applied in order to develop Fez e-government portal’s graphical user interface. The results of the designed graphical user interface’ s testing are presented and discussed in order to assess the project’s success., Revue Marocaine des Sciences de Management, No 7 (2017)

This paper presents examples of the role played by metaphor in the formation of ancient Greek emotional concepts. Previous studies of emotion in ancient Greek societies have focused chiefly on the terms that the ancient Greeks used to label their emotional experiences. Such an approach is fundamental, yet overlooks important elements of the language of emotion. The characteristic symptoms, physiological changes, expressions, and behaviours associated with the emotions typically become metonyms for the emotions themselves and are represented in cognitive metaphors that form part of a culture’s conceptual model of emotion. Thus the embodied nature of emotions is reflected in language, and in so far as the metaphors and metonyms of folk physiology are limited by the observed phenomena of real physiology and predicated on basic conceptual structures that are rooted in human beings’ embodied nature, no serious study of emotion language can afford to ignore these aspects. A comprehensive study of emotional metaphor in ancient Greek can thus be expected to present much that is, in broad terms, familiar to us from our own languages. The interesting questions, however, concern the interplay between what is universal and what is specific in both the formation and the application of such concepts. This paper explores some of these questions with particular reference to two Greek images: the symptom of shivering or shuddering; and the representation of grief and other emotions as enveloping garments. Cet article présente des exemples du rôle joué par la métaphore dans la formation des concepts grecs anciens de l’émotion. Les travaux antérieurs sur l’émotion dans la société grecque ancienne se sont intéressés principalement aux termes utilisés par les Grecs anciens pour désigner leurs expériences émotionnelles. Une telle approche est fondamentale, mais elle ignore d’importants éléments du langage de l’émotion. Les symptômes caractéristiques, les changements physiologiques, les expressions et les comportements associés aux émotions deviennent typiquement des métonymies pour les émotions elles-mêmes, et sont représentés dans des métaphores cognitives qui font partie du modèle conceptuel de l’émotion d’une culture. Ainsi, la nature incarnée des émotions se reflète dans le langage, et dans la mesure où les métaphores et les métonymies de l’étymologie populaire sont limitées par les phénomènes observables de la physiologie réelle et fondées sur des structures conceptuelles basiques ayant leurs racines dans la nature incarnée des êtres humains, aucune étude sérieuse du langage de l’émotion ne peut se permettre d’ignorer ces aspects. On est donc en droit de s’attendre à ce qu’une étude exhaustive de la métaphore émotionnelle en Grec ancien présente un grand nombre d’aspects qui, dans les grandes lignes, nous sont familiers dans nos propres langues. Cependant, les questions les plus intéressantes concernent à l’interaction entre ce qui est universel et ce qui est particulier, à la fois dans la formation et dans l’application de tels concepts. Cet article explore certaines de ces questions en se référant en particulier à deux images grecques : le symptôme du tremblement ou du frémissement ; et la représentation de la peine et d’autres émotions comme un vêtement enveloppant.

International audience; This paper aims to contribute to the literature on "institutional maintenance work". Focusing on the institutional disruption resulting from a regulatory project of market rationalisation, it enriches the description and analysis of the specific institutional maintenance work performed by powerful actors who engage in resistance against what they perceive as a threat to their discretion. Built on an in-depth qualitative study, our case concerns an attempt to change the form of over-the-counter markets as part of a recent financial reform. The paper contributes to the expanding literature on the maintenance of institutions by suggesting, in particular, that the creation of incommensurables should be added to the list of strategies available to powerful incumbents seeking to resist institutional change. Bridging the gap between the literatures on institutional maintenance and commensuration, it also demonstrates that specific institutional changes can usefully be understood as changes in commensuration systems. This innovatively suggests the existence of degrees of commensuration and calls for a finer-grained understanding of the institutional work required to maintain institutions in a context where the degree of commensuration experienced by a field or a market threatens to increase under coercive pressure.

This paper focuses on an unexplored dimension of Citizen Science: the educational potential of Volunteer Computing (VC). VC has been one of the most popular forms of Citizen Science, since its beginnings from 1997, when the first VC platforms, such as SETI@home, were created. Participation in VC is based on volunteers donating their idle computer resources to contribute to large scale scientific research. So far this has often been seen as a rather passive form of participation, compared to other online Citizen Science (or citizen cyberscience) projects, since volunteers are not involved in active data collection, data analysis or project definition. In this paper we present our research conducted in 2013-2014 with the BOINC Community “Alliance Francophone”, and demonstrate that part of the volunteers in Distributed Computing research projects are not passive at all. We show that the dynamism of BOINC hugely relies on community-led gamification and that participation may lead to important learning outcomes on most dimensions of our ILICS (Informal Learning in Citizen Science) model. This includes extending one’s scientific interests, ability to find and engage with people who share similar interests, and offering a range of potential learning outcomes, particularly within the fields of (a) computer and Internet literacy, (b) scientific knowledge and literacy, (c) communication: English and social skills. As demonstrated by our recent ILICS survey research (2015), these latest learning effects happen for all kinds of participants and are even stronger for people who have a lower education background, which is an interesting finding for lifelong education policies. Altogether, VC projects engage volunteers emotionally, far beyond a simple use of their computers’ time and power, and may have an educational value. For a minority of very active volunteers, they become real “Opportunity Spaces”, where they can get new friends, skills and experiences, which they could not have found easily elsewhere in their everyday environment.

Often studied in the context of political developments and the alleged shift from representative democracy to participatory democracy, participation is discussed here in terms of changes in our anthropological coordinates. The exigencies and expectations of participation are found in many areas that go beyond the political sphere, extending from the business world and its quality circles to the production of self-assembly kits calling for the buyer's assembly skills. This extension of the field of participation is based on a certain number of anthropological presuppositions which ascribe to actors the capacities and competencies they are supposed to have, unless they are invited to enhance them through empowerment strategies in the event that they are failing or insufficient. This paper argues that evaluating people and the configuration of many recent social mechanisms tend increasingly to adjust to this new anthropological paradigm. Such is the case for political participation, new social policies, empowerment training, educational objectives, and development and health policies. Returning more specifically to political participation, the paper shows how these new anthropological coordinates reconfigure by redrawing the division between ordinary and specialized expertise and, in this way, the balance between spaces in which participatory democracy can take place and those that remain confined to technocratic expertise., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Traditionnellement, les travaux de recherche sur les expressions figées mettaient l’accent sur le fait que ces séquences étaient figées par rapport aux constructions libres. Après une étude réalisée en 2010 au cours de laquelle nous avions pu démontrer qu’un nombre considérable de constructions verbales figées (CVF) de l’espagnol péninsulaire et commun (EspPC) permettait des changements dans certaines de leurs composantes sans que le sens varie et sans perdre la condition de figées, nous analysons dans ce travail les CVF de l’espagnol diatopique hispano-américain. Cette analyse nous permet d’observer que les formules de variation des CVF hispano-américaines (paradigmatiques, lexicales, morphologiques, grammaticales) suivent les mêmes patrons et structures syntaxiques de l’EspPC dans les cas des expressions diatopiques formées sur des CVF de l’EspPC ainsi que dans les cas des CVF diatopiques nouvelles. La grande quantité de CVF d’usage actuellement exclusivement hispano-américains qui ne pourra qu’augmenter dans un futur proche et lointain nous réaffirme dans la nécessité d’élaborer des bases de données les plus complètes possibles. Traditionally, research papers on fixed expressions emphasize the fact that those sequences are fixed compared to constructions with free components. After one study which was carried out in 2010 through which we were able to prove that a considerable number of verbal fixed expressions in common Peninsular Spanish allow changes in some of their components without causing a change in the meaning and maintaining their fixed state, in this paper we analyze verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety. This analysis allows us to observe the modes of variation in the Latin American Spanish verbal fixed expressions (paradigm, lexic, morphology, grammar) by following the same patterns and syntactic structures as in common Penninsular Spanish which we find in the case of diatopic expressions formed in the verbal fixed expressions of common Penninsular Spanish as well as in new diatopic verbal fixed expressions. The fact that there are so many verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety and also that this number will only increase in the near future reinforces the idea that we should create very complete data bases. The research presented in this paper has been partially carried out in the framework of research project (FFI2011-24310) Estudio lingüístico, diatópico y traductológico de las construccciones verbales fijas más usuales en español.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present how to model moral sensitivity and emotions in organizational setting by using the SocLab formal framework. SocLab is a platform for the modelling, simulation and analysis of cooperation relationships within social organizations – and more generally Systems of Organized Action. Design/methodology/approach – Simulation results, including an interesting tendency for a Free Rider model, will be given. Considering that actors’ decision-making processes are not just driven by instrumental interest, the SocLab learning simulation algorithm has been extended to represent moral sensitivity, making actors trying to prevent bad emotions and feel good ones. Findings – Some simulation results about actors’ collaboration and emotions in a Free Rider model were presented. A noteworthy tendency is that actors’ unconditional collaboration, which occurs when their moral sensitivity reaches its highest value, is not so good since it exempts other actors from collaboration (they take advantage from the unconditional collaboration), while values of moral sensitivity somewhat below the highest value (between 0.7 and 0.9) still induces collaboration from others. Originality/value – The research and results presented in this paper have not been presented in other papers or workshops. The presented quantitative definition of emotions (determining indexes of emotions) is different to previous approaches – for instance, to Ortony, Clore and Collins (OCC) qualitative descriptions and to logical descriptions. Similarly, simulation of morality in organizations is a new research field, which has received scarce attention up to now.

This paper explores the gap between the singing career of Edith Piaf, a national star of international fame in the 1950s, and the thinness of her career in movies. The hypothesis to explain this shift in popular cinema, where links between film and song are many, is that there is no more room in the French cinema of the time for a “chanteuse realiste,” unlike what can be observed in the 1930s. To test this hypothesis, the paper analyzes the imperfect matching of roles and performance of Piaf, between her star persona and her image as “chanteuse realiste” in seven films between 1946 and 1958, focusing on the movies where she is headlining—Etoile sans lumiere (Marcel Blistene, 1946)—and those where she is guest-star—Boum sur Paris (Maurice de Canonge 1953) or French Cancan (Jean Renoir, 1955).

This article examines the "Non-Han cinema Project" launched in 2013 by the State Commission of Minzu Affairs. The aim of this article is to understand how filmmakers involved in the project are able to carve out a space for expressing an autonomous vision of Non-Han societies in contemporary China despite political and economic constraints. This paper first looks into the Non-Han Film Project in detail to assess the multiple challenges and various stakeholders involved in the Project that complicate the centralisation of Non-Han cinema. The paper then discusses female director Yang Rui's short film on the Wa of Yunnan, produced in cooperation with the Head of the Project. The analysis shows that the short film, though fulfilling some commercial and political purposes, implicitly challenges orthodox official representations of Non-Han culture and resists the attempts of the Chinese state to turn the Wa culture into Chinese national symbols., Frangville Vanessa. Négocier les identités ethniques dans « Le Projet sur le cinéma non-han » : le cas du micro-film de Yang Rui sur les Wa du Yunnan. In: Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie, vol. 23, 2014. Des mondes en devenir. Interethnicité et production de la différence en Chine du Sud-Ouest. pp. 201-235.

This paper attempts to go deeper into the topic of social competency of physicians who provide primary care to populations living in poverty in Montreal. Adaptability as well as the ability to tailor practices according to patient expectations, needs and capabilities were found to be important in the development of the concept of social competency. The case of paternalism is used to demonstrate how a historically and socially contested medical approach is readapted by players in certain contexts in order to better meet patient expectations. This paper presents data collected in a qualitative study comprising 25 semi-supervised interviews with physicians recognized by their peers as having developed exemplary practices in Montreal's impoverished neighbourhoods.

Within the last two decades, text messaging by means of SMS has become a central tool of communication around the globe. The use of more than one language for composing a message is wide spread, but, to this day, is relatively underrepresented in research. This paper presents an analysis of the plurilingual nature of SMS communication in Switzerland with the limelight on the forms and functions of code-switching within a set of 345 messages, base language of which is French. Results show that SMS users regularly exhibit code-switching even if they are not members of a bilingual speech community. Code-switching most frequently consists of inserts, i.e. embeddings of single items or combinations of items within a message composed in another language, and this typically involves (only) a limited range of routinized expressions. While English is the most frequently used language for code-switching, German, Swiss German, Spanish and Italian are also recurrent, the latter two being particularly associated with terms of endearment. Code-switching regularly highlights the expression of actions that have a strong interpersonal (phatic) focus, such as greetings, good-byes or thanks. It elucidates the expressive character of the messages, and is also associated with the expression of affection. The specificity of the plurilingual SMS repertoire is discussed in the paper's conclusion.

To become indexed in MEDLINE has been a goal of the Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (CJHP) for as long as those of us on the Editorial Board can remember. We believe that the benefits of achieving indexing in MEDLINE are enormous. First, indexing will provide more exposure for the work of authors who publish in the CJHP. That is, authors’ articles will be more widely disseminated and more readily available to other clinicians and scientists around the world, who can then incorporate this new knowledge into their practice or build on the published work. Second, indexing will lead to more high-quality submissions. I have heard from more than a few of my academic colleagues who work in a “publish or perish” environment that they do not submit papers to the CJHP because “it is not indexed”. Once we achieve indexing status, however, authors will receive more recognition, more citations, and higher impact for their published papers and therefore will be more likely to submit their high-quality work to CJHP. Third, indexing is expected to improve the value of the Journal not only for authors but also for readers, subscribers, advertisers, and its owner, the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists (CSHP), for all the reasons described above. If you have searched PubMed recently, you may have noticed that you are already able to retrieve citations of articles published in the CJHP. This is because the Journal was successful in its 2010 application for archiving in PubMed Central (PMC), the US National Institutes of Health’s free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/). PMC is part of the larger PubMed service, which also includes MEDLINE, the primary international online bibliographic citation database of biomedical and life sciences journal literature. PubMed now includes a link to the material that CJHP has available on the PMC site. This is great news, but PMC archiving is only one step toward indexing. That is, at the PubMed site, CJHP citations are denoted as “PubMed – in process” or “PubMed”. Only after the CJHP is indexed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) will it say “PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE”. Currently, about 5000 journal titles are indexed in MEDLINE. The Director of the NLM decides whether or not to index a journal, on the basis of considerations of both scientific quality and policy. Specifically, the NLM’s Literature Selection Technical Review Committee (LSTRC) reviews and assesses the quality of journals, while NLM’s Board of Regents determines the mix of types of journals to be indexed, according to considerations of program relevance. In fact, our Journal was indexed in MEDLINE over the period 1975 to 1997. While the specific reasons for halting our indexing are unknown, the NLM has been known to drop currently indexed journals to accommodate new ones. In 2004, the CJHP submitted an application for indexing that was unsuccessful. Although we would have been allowed to reapply after a minimum of 3 years, the Editorial Board believed it best to hold off until we were more confident of success. As such, we have been “beefing up” the Journal, while carefully examining the NLM’s criteria for indexing and scrutinizing what it took for other journals to achieve indexing status. I would like to take this opportunity to describe some of the additional changes we are planning for the CJHP and to explain why we are advocating these changes and why we believe we can be successful in our effort to achieve indexing status. In planning for our next application for indexing (in early 2015), we have adopted the following primary goals: (1) to improve the CJHP’s scope and coverage, making the Journal more internationally relevant; (2) to continue improving the quality of the CJHP’s review articles, clinical research papers, case reports, and editorials; (3) to further improve the LSTRC’s perception of the strength and credibility of the CJHP’s Editorial Board and the Journal’s editorial independence; (4) to

International audience; This paper borrows its title from one narrator’s comment in Toby Olson’s third novel, in order to try and define the experience of being “touched” by storytelling, and by writing : or, what sort of “touch” may occur on the unstable, evasive limit between body and meaning ? The article discusses the many narrative mediations and obstacles presiding over this story of subjected and liberated bodies, and analyses the radical dissociation established by Olson between seeing and understanding. This serves an exploration of the somehow fabulous power to challenge, mobilize, and displace knowledge and meaning which is granted to the miniature animal bodies accompanying the affected human bodies throughout the novel. The paper then offers some remarks on reading as discontinuous tensions between meaning effects and presence effects, or else as pensive “leaps” inherent in aesthetic experience.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the presence of royalties in a number of retail contracts, recognising that some distribution networks do not use this monetary provision.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the theory of contracts. It provides an econometric analysis of recent French data using the main theoretical explanation concerning the presence of royalties in distribution contractual relationships.FindingsThe evidence suggests that the presence of royalties in distribution contracts depends on the management by the producer of the brand value: the transmission of concepts and know‐how to retailers and advertising and promotional campaigns.Research limitations/implicationsAs a result of data availability, the paper focuses on the presence or the absence of royalties in distribution contracts. Future research should aim to explain the level of royalty rate, i.e. the share of the retailers' turnover accruing to the producers.Practical implicationsThis paper offers an understanding of the presence of royalties in the contractual relationships between producers and retailers, providing practitioners with a better basis for making decisions in designing distribution contracts.Originality/valueThis paper enlarges the empirical evidence concerning the monetary provisions for several kinds of distribution networks based on a brand name and considers different types of producer involvement in the network.

Članak polazi od već ustanovljene opozicije u jeziku između dva sistema iskazivanja — govora i pripovedanja (povest / govor kod Benvenista, a pripovedanja / komentar kod vajnriha). Da bi se odredilo kom sistemu pripadaju poslovice, proučavaju se konjugirani glagolski oblici, mnogo različitiji u poslovicama BChS (bosanskog-crnogorskog-hrvatskog-srpskog) jezika, nego u poslovicama nekih drugih jezika. Kao korpus se koristi zbirka vuka Karadžića. u poslovicama neki glagolski oblici funkcionišu kao u iskazivanju govora (nesvršeni i svršeni prezent ponavljanja, perfektivni perfekat sa samo jednim glagolom, futur, optativ, imperativ, kondicional), drugi glagolski oblici kao u iskazivanju pripovedanja (prospektivni svršeni prezent, krnji perfekat, hronološki sled radnji u perfektivnom perfektu i u aoristu), dok se za treće utvrđuje posebno funkcionisanje (gnomsko značenje aorista i imperfekta). Prema tome, kriterij funkcionisanja konjugiranih glagolskih oblika dozvoljava da se govori o specifičnom sistemu iskazivanja za poslovice u BChS jeziku, The paper is based on the well-known opposition between two systems of enunciation — speech and narration (story/ speech in Benveniste, narration/ commentary in Weinrich). In order to determine which system proverbs belong to, conjugated verbal forms (much more various in BCMS proverbs than in other languages such as French or English) are examined. the corpus is the collection of proverbs by vuk Karadžić, first published in Cetinje (Montenegro) in 1836. the paper shows that some verbal forms function in proverbs in the same way as in speech enunciation (imperfective and perfective present in repetitions, perfective perfect with only one verb, future, optative, imperative, conditional), others as in narration enunciation (prospective perfective present, truncated perfect, perfective perfect and aorist in chronological successions of actions), while some others are used in a specific way, which can be found only in proverbs (the so-called gnomic aorist and imperfect). therefore the criterion “ how conjugated verbal forms function” allows to distinguish a specific enunciation system for proverbs in the BCMS language., Thomas Paul-Louis. Temps, mode, aspect et système d’énonciation des proverbes BCMS. In: Revue des études slaves, tome 83, fascicule 2-3, 2012. La lettre et l’esprit : entre langue et culture. Études à la mémoire de Jean Breuillard, sous la direction de Stéphane Viellard, Laure Troubetzkoy et Serge Aslanoff. pp. 557-577.

There is an extensive literature discussing the care: "cure dilemma". This usually puts forward the position that it is doctors who do the curing and nurses who do the caring. Patients are rarely included in the discussion. This paper considers some of this literature and examines whether this separation of functions is a valid one, the part of lay carers in the process, and the perspective of patients. It focuses particularly on cancer because this is an area where the issues seem particularly pertinent. The paper concludes by proposing an alternative and integrated conception which includes patients, nurses and doctors in a cognitive-phenomenological model of coping. It is suggested that this model moves forward from the previous limitations of the care : cure approach and enables more fruitful research and education of practitioners to be undertaken.

Writing the history of children’experiences in exile entails exploring how children refugees have written about these experiences themselves. It is obviously a challenge to find contemporary texts by refugee children, but even when we do, we are faced with a number of methodological issues. This paper attempts to present and tackle some of those, through the study of fifteen biographical notebooks written around 1940-1941 by Spanish refugee children who lived at La Rouvière in France, in a colony created and run by the American Quakers Friends Service Committee (AFSC). These notebooks form a homogeneous, standardized series, with similar cover and title pages, and a similar structure. They were most certainly composed at the same time, and written as part of the children’s schoolwork in the colony. As much as these children’s experiences, opinions and sentiments, they thus reveal the adult requirements guiding and imposed upon children’s writings. This paper suggests a method for reading such heavily formatted children’s productions as palimpsests, i.e. as the final result of layers of writings applied on top of one another. Each layer constitutes a different narrative about refugee children: the story-writing of humanitarian aid, the Quaker tale of child relief and, finally, the narratives of children’s experiences. Écrire l’histoire des expériences enfantines de l’exil suppose de s’intéresser à la manière dont les enfants réfugiés eux-même ont pu écrire sur leurs propres expériences. Or, si la recherche de tels textes, contemporains des faits, représente manifestement un défi, leur découverte nous confronte à des problèmes méthodologiques non moins aigus. Nous tentons ici d’en présenter et d’en aborder quelques-uns, à travers l’étude de quinze cahiers biographiques écrits vers 1940-1941 par des enfants réfugiés espagnols qui vivaient à La Rouvière, en France, dans une colonié créée et gérée par les Quakers de l’American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). Ces cahiers forment une série homogène, standardisée, aux pages de couverture et de titre identiques, et à la structure narrative similaire. Ils ont très certainement été rédigés au même moment, dans le cadre du travail scolaire à la colonie. Tout autant que les expériences, les opinions et les sentiments de ces enfants, il nous révèlent donc les exigences adultes qui guidèrent et s’imposèrent aux écritures enfantines. Dans cet article, nous proposons de lire ces textes comme des palimpsestes, c’est-à-dire comme le résultat final d’une succession de couches d’écritures posées les unes sur les autres. Chaque couche constitue une narration distincte autour des enfants réfugiés : la mise en récit de l’aide humanitaire, la fable Quaker de l’aide à l’enfance et, en dernière instance, les écritures des expériences enfantines. Escribir la historia de las experiencias de los niños en el exilio conlleva explorar las formas en las que los propios niños han escrito sobre sus experiencias. Si ya es de por sí difícil encontrar textos contemporáneos escritos por niños refugiados, una vez localizados, estos plantean una seria de problemas metodológicos. Este artículo tiene como objectivo tratar algunas de estas cuestiones a través del análisis de quince cuadernos autobiográficos escritos en torno a 1940-1941 por niños refugiados españoles durante su estancia en La Rouviere, una colonia a cargo del American Quakers Friends Service Committee (ASFC) en Francia. Los cuadernos forman parte de una serie homogénea y estandarizada, con cubiertas, títulos y páginas parecidas, y estructurados de forma similar. Es casi seguro que fueron escritos en la misma éepoca y que formaron parte del trabajo escolar de los niños durante su estancia en la colonia. Al mismo tiempo que reflejan las experiencias, opiniones y sentimientos de los niños, los cuadernos dejan entrever como los requeriemientos de los adultos se yuxtaponen a los escritos infantiles. El artículo propone como método de aproximación a este material infantil tan fuertemente formateado el palimpsesto, lo que nos haría interpretar los escritos como el resultado final de varias capas narrativas yuxtapuestas. Cada capa constituiría una narrativa diferente sobre los niños refugiados: en primer lugar, el discurso de la ayuda humanitaria; en segundo lugar, la historia cuáquera de socorro infantil y, finalmente, las narrativas de las experiencias de los niños.

The constantly increasing market request of high quality vehicles ask the automotive manufacturers to perform lifetime testing in order to verify the reliability levels of new products. In this paper, we deal with two difficulties in reliability assessment for mechanical parts. On one hand, there is the small number of parts available for testing. On the other hand, there is the problem of wear. In the automotive applications, mechanical components subjected to relative motion of parts have to be designed against wear. In this paper, the Bayesian estimation of Wiener process parameters (usually used to define the degradation process) is studied to improve the estimation accuracy in incorporating the available knowledge on the product. In particular, the finite element results and expert knowledge are considered as “a priori”. For wear prediction by FEM, a model based on Archard law was developed for the brake disc wear.

The first edition of the 'Mouvement Geographique' was published in Brussels on April 6th 1884. Its primary aim was the promotion of Belgian colonisation in Africa. Although rarely publishing first hand information, the paper, nevertheless, constitutes a documentary source of great importance. Two periods can be distinguished in the history of the 'Mouvement Geographique'. Up to 1890, the paper is wholeheartedly behind the actions and plans of the Congo Free State and the colonial policy of Leopold II. From 1890, when the paper became the property of the 'Compagnies du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie', it distances itself from the Congo Free State. Thus, in analysing the editorial contents of the paper and the personality of its founder, A.J. Wauters, it becomes clear that this paper represents an essential document on the first thirty years of Belgium involvement in the Congo. Furthermore, its level of specialisation and regularity of publication means that there is no real equivalent in any other colonising country.

Conceptual model quality can be defined as a set of perceivable characteristics expressed with quantifiable parameters. The aim of the research described in this paper is to evaluate the quality of different conceptual model versions of the same universe of discourse by different Information Systems (IS) stakeholders. This paper describes: a) a set of quality factors (clarity, simplicity, expressiveness, minimality) applied to different versions of ER conceptual schemas, b) an approach enabling a comprehensive comparison of the conceptual schemas, c) an experimentation leading to the evaluation of the same schemas by IS stakeholders such as designers, end-users, and students, based on a sample of about 120 observations using different statistical methods. First results indicate that there exists a strong independence between the IS stakeholders and the quality factors used. A second result reveals a significant difference between groups of respondents in their ways to perceive conceptual schemas quality. Based on our experiment, we are able to identify quality factors relevant to different groups of stakeholders, depending on several dimensions, such as their professional experience, and/or their specialization degree.

Construction of the Legitimacy of Funding Agencies: the Case of the Swiss National Found of Scientific Research (1940-2000) In some countries, public research is financed by funding agencies. Those agencies operate not only on scientific production, but also on researchers’ credibility cycles. They can be therefore considered as an established power of scientific authority in so far as they participate in distribution of material and ideal means within the scientific field. This paper is concerned about those agencies’ kind of legitimacy and is interested to explore how this legitimacy is constructed. The legitimacy question is interesting in so far as those agencies hold an intermediate position between the political field and the scientific one, that oblige them to consider several social requests. This relational configuration is potentially a tension source in term of legitimacy conception. And because legitimacy is connected with the state of battle of wills and meaning between the political field and the scientific one at a given time of the history of a country, this legitimacy can be put in question. Then, in order to report on plurality of legitimating practices and on its contingence, it’s advisable to develop this analysis on a long time. This paper offers an analysis of the constitution of the legitimacy of one of this agency the Swiss national found of scientific research. Three main periods have been detected the fifties with the creation of the Swiss national found of scientific research and the setting up of grants for fundamental research ; the seventies with the elaboration of national programs aimed to focus research on some defined targets and the nineties with the creation of national poles of research. The three periods shows that legitimating practices are constituent of power relationship and participate to the transformation of the equilibrium between the political field and the scientific one. In an ideal-type way, the evolution of practices of national fund and of its organization can be presented in the following way: in the first period (1950-1960), the national fund receives its legitimacy both from the scientific values and norms and from political institutions. In the second period (1970), the equilibrium is modified as the legitimating practices of the national fund change. These practices are based much more on a political use of science partially altering, as a result, the evaluation criterions of research. Finally, in the third period (1990), the national fund tries to rely its legitimacy much more on scientists in order to gain independence as to politics.

National audience; The paper starts with the wide variability of nonpoint water nitrogenous pollution generated by agriculture. This variability depends especially on climate, soil types and farming systems. Our interdisciplinary researches, carried out on two different sites in France, show that space and time heterogeneity influence farm practices to be implemented in order to reduce pollution at the standard level. Hence the most cost-effective farm practices are different from one place to another, depending on local characteristics. Therefore this result emphasises the potential efficiency of spatially targeted policies. Theoretically, such policies are considered optimal, since economic agents tune their efforts according to the sensitivity of the milieu where they operate. But, according to empirical analyses, this advantage is counteracted by a high cost of implementation, monitoring and enforcement. In order to maintain the advantage of site-specific policies versus uniform policies, the former have to be implemented at an optimal level of space. This level should at least allow for a trade-off between lower expenses due to an appropriate tuning to the local conditions and heavier costs of decentralised measures. This paper deals with this specific question regarding territorialized policies. It is based on a study of the efficiency of differentiating the way this pollution is regulated, focussed on assessing the importance of spatial variability in physical parameters and in site-specific policies' costs.; Le point de départ de cet article est la grande variabilité de la pollution nitrique diffuse de l'eau due à l'agriculture. Celle-ci dépend en particulier du climat, des types de sol et des systèmes de production agricole. Nos recherches réalisées de façon interdisciplinaire à partir de deux sites différents en France, montrent que cette hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle conditionne les pratiques agricoles mises en œuvre pour réduire la pollution au niveau de la norme admise. De ce fait, les pratiques les plus "coût-efficaces" diffèrent d'un territoire à l'autre, en fonction des caractéristiques locales. Ces résultats mettent donc en évidence une efficacité potentielle d'une territorialisation des politiques publiques. En théorie, de telles politiques sont considérées comme optimales par les économistes, car elles incitent les agents à moduler leurs efforts en fonction de la sensibilité du milieu. Mais, selon les études empiriques, cet avantage serait annulé par un coût élevé de mise en œuvre, de contrôle et de surveillance. Pour maintenir leur avantage sur des politiques uniformes, les politiques territorialisées devraient être mises en œuvre à un niveau spatial optimal. Un tel niveau devrait au minimum atteindre un compromis entre l'économie réalisée grâce à une modulation adaptée aux conditions locales et les sur-coûts dus à la décentralisation des solutions mises en œuvre. Cet article analyse la pertinence d'une prise en compte de ces spécificités par des politiques territorialisées. L'efficacité d'une régulation différenciée de la pollution nitrique est étudiée ici en évaluant l'importance de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres physiques et des coûts de la territorialisation.

After the fall of the Democratic Kampuchea regime in January 1979, due to a strenuous shortage of paper and a continuous scarcity of publishing facilities, printed books in general and fiction literary works in particular almost completely disappeared from the local market during the People's Democratic Republic of Kampuchea and State of Cambodia eras (respectively 1979-1989 and 1989-1993). Ideological constraints as well as the constant lack of efficiency of official institutions then paved the way for the blossoming of a myriad short novels, sometimes copied from pre-existing publications but more often entirely original, and hand written on school notebooks made of poor quality lined paper. The École française d'Extrême-Orient in Phnom Penh received from a former book hirer a donation of about ten such novels which are briefly analyzed here., de Bernon Olivier. La littérature des années de misère: les petits romans manuscrits du Cambodge, de 1979 à 1993. In: Aséanie 12, 2003. pp. 17-27.

In order to better understand the dynamics involved in emergency food aid programs, this paper analyzes the case of Kinshasa (1992–1995). The interaction between local health personnel engaged in the programme and the—potential, legitimate, and unintended—beneficiaries of the aid is central to this paper. The classical concepts of moral hazard and adverse selection, often cited in the current literature on target poverty programs, only partly capture the reality of the situation on the ground. An intervention such as a food aid program should be judged on its capacity to open up spaces of action and negotiation to actors who traditionally occupy only marginal places in them.

The once-forgotten poet Evaristo Carriego, since rediscovered by Jorge Luis Borges in his eponymous work Evaristo Carriego (1955), is considered today to be one of the leading Argentinian modernist poets, but also, and most importantly, the inventor of a ‘poetry of the outskirts’ and the creator of one of the major trends in the poetics of contemporary tango, tango canyengue (‘rabble’ tango). This article traces the singular trajectory of the poet: first, a singer of the ‘low life’ of the outskirts of Buenos Aires at the end of the 19th century, of the misfortunes and debauchery of outlaws, prostitutes and the working class; inventor of a ‘cantatory’ poetry, which draws on popular song and dance of the time, and which we propose to consider as a form of tanguera poetry. Secondly, his influence on the lyricists of contemporary tango leads us to consider him as the precursor of tango canyengue. Finally, he became a founding and guardian figure of contemporary tango, the object of tributes from the greatest composers, and whose name alone has become a poetic and musical trope that invokes a picturesque imagination of the end-of-the-century suburbs of Buenos Aires. Hence, we are faced with an intermedia corpus, that borrows from the world of popular song to produce a written, erudite and precious poetry, and which in turn becomes one of the main sources of popular song. Carriego’s tanguera poetry effectively interlaces word, sound and movement. This paper thus analyses the transmedia trajectory along which the poet sings the tango, and the tango then the poet, in a play of ‘inversions’ that are indicative of the reciprocal exchanges, transfers and mediations occurring between poetry, song and music, both textual and figurative, from the end of the 19th century to the present day. At the same time, we examine how song, music and dance can ‘inhabit’ poetry, and poetry ‘inhabit’ song and music, without constituting, strictly speaking, poetic material or an element of repertoire. It also shows how an authoritative author such as Borges has contributed to shaping the tango tradition by inventing its own genealogy., ATeM Archives Texte et Musique, No 6,2: Special issue 6,2 (2021): Chanter les poètes

Beginning with early evidence of crossover in the music of Zanzibar, the paper considers reflections of Middle Eastern and Arab culture contact in the music of this Indian Ocean island. The paper describes rhythms closely associated with the Hadramawt and usage of instruments more or less generic to the so-called dhow countries. It explores too the connections between the Arabic mawwal (referring broadly to a poem in colloquial Arabic with instrumental accompaniment) and the Zanzibari concept of kumawili (a vocal improvisation sung on the syllables "ah" or "ya leil"). Finally the paper describes at least two performance genres, the maulidi (the reading of the life story of the Prophet Mohammed) and taarab (entertainment music prevalent throughout the Swahili Coast) exemplifying this enduring cultural contact., Après avoir présenté les premiers témoignages de métissage dans la musique de Zanzibar, l'article montre comment les contacts avec les cultures du Moyen-Orient et de l'Arabie se reflètent dans la musique de cette île de l'océan Indien. On y trouvera une description des rythmes étroitement liés au Hadramaout ainsi que de l'utilisation d'instruments plus ou moins génériques de ces régions appelées pays des dhow. Y sont également montrés les liens existant entre le mawwal arabe (au sens large du terme, poème en arabe parlé, avec accompagnement musical) et le kumawili (improvisation vocale chantée sur les syllabes «ah » ou «ya leil ». Enfin, à titre d'exemple de la pérennité de ces contacts culturels, l'auteur présente deux genres de spectacle, le maulidi (lecture de la vie du prophète Mahomet) et le taarab (spectacle musical très répandu sur la côte swahili)., Topp Fargion Janet, Le Guennec-Coppens Françoise, Mery Sophie. The Music of Zenj: Arab-African crossovers in the music of Zanzibar. In: Journal des africanistes, 2002, tome 72, fascicule 2. pp. 203-212.

Два свидетеля своего времени : Шатобриан и Карамзин В статье сопоставляются Письма русского путешественника (1801) Н. М. Карамзина (1766-1826) и Опыт о революциях (1797) [Essai historique, politique et moral sur les révolutions anciennes et modernes, considérées dans leurs rapports avec la révolution française de nos jours] Ф.-Р. Шатобриана (1768-1848). Оба произведения писались в те же годы. Они тут рассматриваются с разных точек зрения - политической, исторической, литературной. Между этими «итоговыми» произведениями неожиданно выявляется целый ряд пересечений : постоянные ссылки на древнюю историю (греческую и римскую) для оценки современных событий ; доминирующее место, занимаемое в обоих произведениях французской революцией и Англией; довольно положительная оценка лидеров революций (Кромвель, Робеспьер, Марат); признание неизбежности и необратимости французской революции; отказ от всяких утопий; непринятие идеи о принципиальном различии между веком Просвещения и предшествующими ему эпохами; осознание решительной роли времени; путешественник Карамзин понял, что Европа образовалась не сразу, а в результате мновековых усилий и страданий; свобода всегда дается борьбой и требует жертв; ею определяются разные «ступени» цивилизации. В статье намечаются и расхождения между обоими писателями : различная оценка Англии, различное отношение к христианству. В своих дальнейших капитальных произведениях, отражающих пережитый ими опыт 1790 года и вынесенные из него разные представления об истории История государства Российского Карамзина и Гений христианства [Génie du christianisme] Шатобриана) оба писателя еще более расходятся. Шатобриан нашел в религии единственную опору против царства чистогана и расчета; Карамзин остался верен умеренному деизму, а эстетическую апологию христианской религии он отверг категорически., Chateaubriand and Karamzin as Witnesses of Their Time The paper compares N. M. Karamzin' s Russian Traveller's Letters (1801) with An Essay on Revolutions (London, 1797) [Essai historique, politique et moral sur les révolutions anciennes et modernes, considérées dans leurs rapports avec la révolution française de nos jours] by F. R. de Chateaubriand (London, 1797). Both works were written by the same period and are now examined from different points of view: politics, history, literature. Rather surprisingly, they have much in common: both refer to ancient Greek and Roman history in order to assess present-day events; they share the idea that the French Revolution was inescapable and remains irreversible; they reckon the French Revolution and contemporary England played a leading role; strangely enough revolutionary leaders (Cromwell, Robespierre, Marat) are highly regarded; utopian views in political matters are strictly rejected; any existing gap between the age of Enlightenment and previous periods is denied; both writers show a similar awareness of the importance of time-lag and that it had taken several century-old efforts and sufferings to build Europe as it was. While traveling around Europe (1789-1790) Karamzin discovered that freedom needed to be fought - and sacrificed for, by nations and such a painstakingly acquired freedom determines each people's achievement in civilization and its economic prosperity. As for Chateaubriand he searched a key for European history through going back to the time when the Christian religion was being spread. The paper points out at how much both pieces of literature express a common typology. It also underlines dissimilarities between both writers (in their appraisal of contemporary England and of the role played by Christianity in European history, etc.). Later on, each author's major work (Karamzin's A History of the Russian State and Chateaubriand' s The Genius of Christianity) which young writers and poets from the two countries will abundantly feed from, emphasized divergence in ideology and arts. Whereas Chateaubriand epitomized religion as the only bastion against the reign of money-based profit, Karamzin kept confident in moderate deism and definitively rejected aesthetic apologia of Christianity., Serman Il´ja Z., Breuillard Jean. Chateaubriand et Karamzin, témoins de leur temps. In: Revue des études slaves, tome 74, fascicule 4, 2002. pp. 701-718.

At the beginning of the year (in this case, also the millennium), one is tempted either to look back or to look forward, even perhaps to make resolutions for the future. The unpredictability of the future and the uselessness of resolutions (re-solutions?) lead me to look back. The year 2000 was a good one for the Canadian Respiratory Journal, with increases in the number, quality and sources of submitted papers. Inevitably, there was also an increase in the number of rejected submissions; I offer to the authors the consolation that their papers went through a review process that I feel is truly ‘peer review’ and the hope that the quality of the work is thereby enhanced. In the face of many criticisms of peer review, I am especially concerned that the review process remains fair, and, as Editor-in-Chief, I believe that my main function is to provide a judgment that is as unbiased as I can make it. Obviously, I am deeply indebted to my reviewers, and I take this opportunity to thank them for their generous and unrewarded work. The names of the reviewers for 2000 were listed in the November/December issue of the Journal; almost without exception, they provided reviews that were timely, intelligent and constructively critical. Because of the time involved, I do not usually acknowledge them or send revised manuscripts back for their opinion; I apologize for both of these sins of omission but hope that any reader who feels that we have fallen down in this regard will blow a whistle. A sad event in June 2000 for the group in Hamilton, Ontario, was the death of a respected colleague – Dr Leo Kahana. I first knew of Dr Kahana before I arrived in Canada through an important study that he carried out in Montreal, Quebec (1). More than 25 years ago, he went to Hamilton as director of the local chest clinic and became the main consultant for tuberculosis. Later, when the provincial chest clinic was phased out, he also played a major role in the organization of the undergraduate teaching program at McMaster University, Hamilton. After the finding of a radiological abnormality in the autumn of 1999, Dr Kahana bore the investigation and treatment of a nonsmall cell lung carcinoma with quiet fortitude, and wrote an affecting short paper on his experiences as a patient (2). The paper should be required reading for everyone who looks after patients with lung cancer; less than a half-hour spent reading – followed by at least an equal amount of time spent reading between the lines – will provide the reader with invaluable insights. I will not list the insights that came to my mind as I read Dr Kahana’s paper, for this may detract from its value. There are few conditions other than cancer in which, from the patient’s viewpoint, experience falls short of expectation. Too seldom, patients tell us directly when their expectations have not been met or where we have fallen short in our professionalism. Who else but doctors as patients are capable of doing this? Through the years, a small number of papers have appeared in the literature that are written by doctors relating their experiences as patients. Usually, editors accept the papers without peer review, realizing that when it comes to personal experiences, with the pain, disability and anxiety that go with them, there can be no appropriate peer review. It is the clear and authentic expression of these experiences that makes such papers so valuable and, of course, so sad. One can only hope that readers learn the important lessons that our brave colleagues have spent their scarce time trying to impart to us. However, maybe we have to go through such experiences ourselves before we can appreciate fully what the person ‘on the other side of the desk’ is going through – another sad thought. Dr Leo Kahana has left us a valuable legacy, one that I hope will be widely read and internally digested.

This paper provides the first integral edition of eleven poems by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the founder of Futurism. These eleven poems were all published from march 1898 to january 1900 in a now very rare journal: “Anthologie-Revue de France et d’Italie”. In these pages one can see Marinetti at work, ten years before the foundation of Futurism, both as a french poet and as a fin-de-siecle poet, both as a poet in verse and as a poet in prose. Since “Anthologie-Revue” was printed in Milan by a parisian editor, its redaction group was deeply concerned with franco-italian cultural relations. In this context, along the Milan-Paris axis, we can examine Marinetti’s earliest poetry and its evolution from sonnet to free verse. A decade before launching his avant-garde movement, young Marinetti faces the very last wave of the nineteenth-century Symbolism, showing a general predilection for french poetry. Moreover he had composed french verse since his adolescence. A main editorial principle is at the basis of the present work: the dedication preceding each poem and the place and date following it are always transcripted and possibly commented. New data about european literary contacts are thus documented. New information and details about circumstances of composition are often offered. Texts receiving a new light from either a contemporary historical event or a particular place and landscape.

Background Demographic changes require an adaptation of the geriatric care offer, which is readily oriented towards the community and including the development of out-of-hospital mobile geriatric team (MGT). Although psychiatric disorders of older persons require a comprehensive, integrative and multidisciplinary approach, geriatrics and old age psychiatry mobile units often work in parallel without concertation for the management of complex pathologies. The aim of this paper is to present the organisation and the results of a out-of-hospital MGT with a geriatrician and old age psychiatrists (OAP) in a same unit. Method Data were collected during the first-year (2018) of the out-of-hospital MGT of Tours University hospital. After initial geriatric assessment and when old age psychiatry (OAP) intervention was needed, referral mode and justification, patient's characteristics and recommendations made by the team were collected. Results During the study period, 151 patients were assessed, 53% (n=80) had out-of-medical follow-up or difficulties to access to healthcare; 40% (n=60) had behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), 30% (n=45) falls, 15% (n=23) social problems, 10% (n=15) alteration of overall health status and 5% (n=7) drug conciliation; 40% (n=60) benefited from an OAP evaluation; 100% (n=60) had out of medical follow-up, 83% (n=50) had severe BPSD, 17% (n=10) psychological symptom with psychiatric condition, 10% (n=6) misused psychotropic medications in charge of general comorbidities decompensation; 32% (n=19) had geriatric, OAP consultations and 33% (n=20) were in denial of care; 23% (n=14) with severe BPSD had a second OAP consultation. Discussion Relationship between geriatrician and OAP in the same MGT enables to deliver comprehensive care, including organic, psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities and collaborative assessment of iatrogenicity. A strengthened relationship with general practitioners is a possible option for these frail older patients, out-of-medical follow-up allowing their reintegration in the geriatric healthcare system.

Tennessee Williams disliked all the film adaptations of his plays even though they were all made by the most prestigious directors and produced by the major companies. The paper examines the various ways in which scriptwriters and directors transformed Williams's Broadway plays into movies aimed at the general public — from the rather faithful rendition of the theatre play to the more cinematic « opened up » version. Comparing and contrasting the plays and the films, the paper analyzes the consequences of the deletion or addition of scenes, characters and dialogues, and of censorship or self-censorship., Sarotte Georges-Michel. Le théâtre de Tennessee Williams à l’écran : tactiques et stratégies. In: Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines, N°56, mai 1993. Images de l'Amérique dans le cinéma américain. pp. 175-184.

Thomas Hardy's poems and novels are closely intertwined through a system of echoes, which suggests that rather than two entirely different modes of writing, they are deeply connected in the writer's mind and reflect a similar quest for meaning through disruption rather than euphonious perfection. This paper addresses a few instances of duplication, focusing mostly on the character of Tess of the d'Urbervilles, and on the sense of rupture which Hardy seeks to explore by throwing his reader off-balance. Catherine Clément's book on the philosophy of rapture is used to highlight Hardy's use of syncopation. In poems like Tess's Lament or Beyond the Last Lamp, Hardy probes into the traumatic shift from before to after, the haunting faultline which may be revisited over and over again but never eradicated, corresponding to the fragmented perception of Tess's confession to Angel, which instantly severs the lovers instead of uniting them. Stylistic mishaps such as omissions or punctuations become symptoms through which affect may seep into the text, be it a novel or a poem.

International audience; This paper aims to go beyond the apparent aporia between the ornamental use of “flowers of rhetoric” intended to please and seduce a wide audience and the ideal of transparency and aridity of the scientific relationship of travel. It shows that in the gap between “form” and “substance”, despite travellers' protests, the return of the “literary” can be observed, which is not always incompatible with the narrative of the lived experience. The aim is therefore to nuance the traditional opposition between accounts of scholarly travel and literary works.; L’article se propose de dépasser l’apparente aporie entre l’usage ornemental des « fleurs de rhétorique » destinées à plaire à un large public et à le séduire et l’idéal de transparence et d’aridité de la relation savante du voyage. Il montre que l’on peut observer dans l’écart entre la « forme » et le « fond », malgré les protestations des voyageurs, le retour du « littéraire » qui n’est pas toujours incompatible avec le récit de l’expérience vécue. Il s’agit donc de nuancer l’opposition traditionnelle entre récits de voyages savants et œuvres littéraires.

Recommendations for visits or environment restrictions, and sometimes for food are usually well described for inpatient within HSCT unit procedures where those measures are less precise and detailed for outpatient from the discharge to the immune reconstitution achievement. The present paper main objective is to define risk patient groups depending on time, immune-suppressive drugs as well as graft-versus-host disease and immune reconstitution. We define here 3 risk patient groups and propose measures about house cleaning, pets, schools, social activities, hygiene, foods, sexual life and siblings.

International audience; Tanguy Viel's novels seem at first glance to be about just telling a story. Still, although to varying degrees, their narration always includes a reflexive dimension. For his novels are built from a complex cultural foundation, and this clever mix of influences and original variations is constantly both claimed and questioned. Here, we propose to study from this perspective two emblematic works of this device: Cinema and La Disparition de Jim Sullivan. Both are built on the principle of a story within a story, thus generating multiple mirror-like effects. This paper aims to study four fundamental aspects of this narrative arrangement: the dialogue with the literary and artistic space, the revisited functions of the narrator, the redefinition of the novelistic mimesis, and finally the projection mechanisms at work.; Les romans de Tanguy Viel semblent de prime abord être au service du romanesque pur. Cepen­dant, la narration inclut toujours une dimension réflexive, quoiqu’à des degrés divers. Car les œuvres de Viel s’élaborent à partir d’un substrat culturel complexe, et ce savant mélange d’influences et de variations libres est constamment et revendiqué et interrogé. Nous nous proposons d’étudier dans cette perspective deux œuvres emblématiques de ce dispositif : Cinéma et La Disparition de Jim Sullivan. Toutes deux se construisent sur le prin­cipe du récit dans le récit, engendrant ainsi de multiples effets de spécularité. Notre étude visera à étudier quatre aspects fondamentaux de cet agencement narratif : le dialogue avec l’espace littéraire et artistique, les fonctions revisitées du narrateur, la redéfinition de la mimèsis romanesque, et les mécanismes de projection à l’œuvre.

This paper presents a collection of frameworks aiming at mapping land cover, land use and estimate population densities from very-high resolution images and relying on open-source software. Using height information and landscape metrics, slums location and extent can be accurately extracted from the rest of the city. Moreover, the processing chain developed can deal with large amount of data and produce useful pieces of geographical information citywide. All the results, methods and computer code are available in open-access for anyone and any purpose., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper examines the evolution of labor market gender gaps during the Great Recession in Europe. We focus on participation, employment, part-time, and unemployment gender gaps, and estimate fixed effects models that incorporate social, economic and institutional features of 14 European Union member states from 2003 to 2013. Our results indicate that gender gaps decreased during that time span, particularly during the recession years. Economic growth seems to foster gender inequalities, while more employment in the service sector or in the public sector tends to lower gender gaps. Labor market institutions, such as unionization and minimum wage policies, as well as employment protection for regular contracts, tend to narrow employment inequalities between female and male workers, whereas product market regulation increases gender gaps in participation and employment. Cet article étudie l’évolution des inégalités de genre sur le marché du travail pendant la Grande Récession en Europe. Nous nous concentrons sur les écarts de genre en matière de taux d’activité, d’emploi, de temps partiel et de chômage, et estimons des modèles à effets fixes qui tiennent compte des caractéristiques sociales, économiques et institutionnelles de 14 pays de l’Union Européenne, entre 2003 et 2013. Nos résultats indiquent que les inégalités de genre ont diminué au cours de cette période, en particulier pendant les années de récession. La croissance économique semble accentuer les inégalités entre femmes et hommes, tandis que la proportion d’emploi dans le secteur des services ou le secteur public les diminue. Les institutions du marché du travail, telles que la couverture syndicale, les politiques en matière de salaire minimum, ou encore la protection de l’emploi permanent, réduisent les inégalités d’emploi entre femmes et hommes, alors que la régulation sur le marché du produit augmente les écarts de genre en termes de participation et d’emploi. Este artículo estudia la evolución de las desigualdades de género en el mercado de trabajo durante la Gran Recesión en Europa. Vamos a concentrarnos en las diferencias de género en materia de tasas de actividad, de empleo, de tiempo parcial y de desempleo y estimamos modelos con impactos fijos; tomando en cuenta las características sociales, económicas e institucionales de 14 países de la Unión Europea, entre 2003 y 2013. Nuestros resultados indican que las desigualdades de género han disminuido durante este período, y en particular durante los años de recesión. El crecimiento económico parece acentuar las desigualdades entre varones y mujeres, mientras que la proporción de empleo en el sector de los servicios y en el sector público tiende a disminuirlas. Las instituciones del mercado de trabajo, tales como la protección de los sindicatos, las políticas en materia de salarios mínimos, o incluso la protección del empleo permanente, reducen la desigualdad del empleo entre mujeres y varones, mientras que la regulación sobre el mercado de productos aumenta las desigualdades de género en términos de participación en el empleo.

Focussing on the works of two major Chicano poets, Alurista and Gary Soto, this paper assesses the function, in Chicano poetry, of the two key motifs of the earth and the dust. The latter are approached as metaphors through which Chicano poetry reveals a basic ambiguity in its quest for a Chicano identity. The recurrent symbol of the earth designates Chicano poetry as geared to the search for a private, self-centered and self-contained sense of belonging. The presence of dust and its drifts, in contrast, suggests that group identity is an open-ended process ruled by constant metamorphosis. This paper sees this ambivalence as a response to the ideological contradictions of the Chicano movement. Mostly, it examines how the two motifs actually interact to produce a paradoxical writing whose center is only to be found off-center, and where the One always holds room for the Other., Grandjeat Yves-Charles. La poésie chicano : entre terre et poussière. In: Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines, N°48-49, Avril-juillet 1991. La terre américaine. pp. 271-280.

The paper will focus on the identification of several key criteria in e-discourses via the constitution of e-images of the Anonymous arising from e-medias (Facebook, twitter, Snapchat, WeChat, etc.) with a specific focus on youngsters and their (ab)uses of these communication channels to facilitate digital predation, and so to lead to e-victimization. I will explain the specifics of e-victimization discourse taking into consideration its triadic dimension. I will then be able to conceptualize a dominant e-communication and the e-victimization theory around central ideas of dynamics of violence, gender discrimination and power abuse leading to a semio-sphere with a deep focus on anonymity, exposure, frequency, and insecurity as indicators of collective e-delinquency and proneness to e-victimization.

Building on the literature about high-growth firms, leadership, creativity, and routine, this paper examines the role of leadership in the emergence and maintenance of hypergrowth. Three propositions are put forward: (i) the leader’s traits play a central role in the growth process; (ii) the leader uses two styles of leadership; and (iii) the leader balances creativity and routine to maintain hypergrowth. Content analysis is carried out with forty-two interviews with TMT members of hypergrowth small businesses. Findings suggest that creativity and routine are closely intertwined in leaders’ minds and behaviors. Both transformational and transactional leadership styles are mobilized by leaders to promote phases of creativity and phases of routine, in order to maintain growth.

Pour situer Petits Chaperons de José Luis Zárate dans le débat autour du rapport génologique, voire généalogique, de la microfiction au conte, l'article présente et discute l'œuvre à trois niveaux. Premièrement, celui du statut interlinguistique et intermédial qui préside à sa production et publication. Deuxièmement, sur le plan de la forme narrative et intertextuelle, on examine l'impact de la série microfictionnelle sur la syntagmatique narrative et l'unité diégétique du conte, en particulier les métamorphoses subies par le temps au sein de chaque micronouvelle (comprimé en un “récit sans narrativité”) ainsi que dans leur rapport les unes aux autres (absence de chrono-logie). Troisièmement, nous analysons les figures d'un lien intertextuel spécifique, appelé transfictionnalité, situé au niveau du contenu diégétique et thématique, où la connexion des microfictions au conte s'établit par partage d'éléments fictifs. In order to locate Petits Chaperons de José Luis Zárate in the debate about the genre relations between microfiction and short story, this paper features and discusses Zárate's work at three levels. Firstly, the interlinguistic and intermedial status that presides over its production and publishing. Secondly, we examine on the intertextual field the impact of the microfictional series onto the narrative syntagmatics and the diegetic unity of the short story, particularly changes undertaken by time within every microfiction (compressed into a “narrative without narrativity”) and within the overall set as well (no chrono-logics). Thirdly, we look into the operations of a specific intertextual link, called transfictionality, located in the diegetic contents where the connection between microfiction and short story is studied within the frame of the fictional and thematic unity of the microfictional series.

En un artículo anterior hemos procedido al análisis del K. al-Tawārīḫ, en curso de publicación. Aquí, como anunciamos, damos cuenta de la multiplicidad de fuentes utilizadas en esta empresa de carácter enciclopédico, como lo hiciéramos para otra obra del mismo autor. Al tratarse de una obra científica e histórica, y no filosófica y teológica, los resultados de la investigación revelan una erudición más que considerable por parte del autor, quien, de facto, es un gran representante de la edad de oro de la literatura copto-árabe medieval., In a previous paper, we have analyzed the K. al-Tawarih in progress of publication. As announced, here we give account of the multiplicity of sources used in that undertaking with encyclopedic character, as done before with another work of the autor. Being a scientific and historical work, not philosophical and theological, the results of this research reveal a much higher level of erudition by the author, who is in fact a great representative of the Golden Age of the medieval Coptic-Arabic literature.

Eugène Fromentin belongs to those outstanding artists who achieved successes in both painting and literature. In his epoch, he was greatly successful thanks to his paintings depicting Algerian nature and customs of that country. A talented writer, fascinated with orientalism, he travelled to Algeria and Egypt in order to search for invigorating impulses for his own imagination, to exploit them artistically and imaginatively as a vast space of sundry possibilities. From his travels to the East, Fromentin brought with him paintings being expressions of his solitary disposition and ‘supplemented’ his painting achievements in his unique way by publishing three travel diaries, A Summer in the Sahara (1857), A Year in Sahel (1859) and Notes from the Journey to Egypt (1881). In the preface to his second travel book he wrote that the objective of his ‘orientalising’ writing was not to restate the painting impressions but to express those feelings that only words can express. In our paper we want to show Fromentin as a painter, writer, traveller, art critic, a man of many talents, undeservedly forgotten, for whom painting was an impulse for creating multidimensional works. Eugène Fromentin należy do tych wyjątkowych artystów, którzy odnieśli sukcesy w malarstwie i w literaturze. W swojej epoce odniósł duży sukces dzięki obrazom przedstawiającym algierską przyrodę i obyczaje tego kraju. Utalentowany pisarz, zafascynowany orientalizmem, podróżował do Algierii i Egiptu, by szukać ożywczych impulsów dla własnej wyobraźni, eksploatować go artystycznie i wyobrażeniowo jako rozległą przestrzeń wszelkich możliwości. Przywożąc ze swych podróży na Wschód obrazy będące wyrazem jego samotniczego usposobienia, Fromentin „uzupełnił” we właściwy sobie sposób swe dokonania malarskie, publikując trzy dzienniki podróży: Lato na Saharze (1857), Rok w Sahelu (1859) i Notatki z podróży do Egiptu (1881). W przedmowie do wydania swej drugiej książki podróżniczej, napisał, że celem jego pisarstwa „orientalizującego” nie jest powtarzanie wrażeń malarskich, ale wyrażenie tych odczuć, które może wyrazić wyłącznie słowo. W naszym artykule chcemy pokazać Fromentina jako malarza, pisarza, podróżnika, krytyka sztuki, człowieka wielu talentów, niesłusznie zapomnianego, dla którego malarstwo było impulsem do stworzenia dzieła wielowymiarowego.

This research explores the political dimension of sonic environments within public space, with special attention on marginal stakeholders and their sonic behaviour. The aim is to investigate how public policies can relate to issues around the sonic environment and, more generally, how institutions can deal with social conflicts originated by a plurality of sonic perceptions. In order to do so, the paper presents the outcomes of field research developed in Grenoble in 2015, focusing on the “sonic deterritorialisation” of groups of homeless people in the inner city. The case study shows how certain kinds of everyday practices shape and affect sonic and public space and, in particular, the way in which sonic traces reveal social conflict. Homeless people’s occupation of public space often involves a sonic challenge to the status quo, which pits marginal stakeholders, citizens, and city users against one another – reflecting the necessity to establish new forms of coexistence. “Sonic marginality” is thus the consequence of a lack of understanding. It constitutes a ground upon which a new sonic acknowledgment of “otherness” might develop, and points up the necessary role of sonic studies in better implementing political awareness, and to propose innovative resolutions for social conflict.

"An eloquent silence : the narration and the fantastic in Fragoletta, La Vénus d’Ille and Lokis" The paper analyses three works having employed a similar narrative strategy which triggers tension between the explicable and inexplicable and an interpretative crisis that allows a fantastic reading of the fictional text. This strategy is related to the paradoxical statute of the narrator due to which the reader is faced with an incomplete elliptic account because of the former’s reluctance (or impossibility) to offer a definite interpretation of the events.