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Copyright of Droit et Cultures is the property of Revue Droit et Cultures - Universite Paris Nanterre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do civil society organizations have a didactic role in instructing its members about politics that extrapolates the immediate issues of interest of that organization? Most of the literature, especially that on the role of the participatory budgeting process of the Workers´ Party in Brazil, claims that such meetings are an opportunity structure for individuals to come together and not only debate their local problems, but also discuss politics more broadly. The same logic applies to other forms of activism, such as participation in Labor Unions, political parties, neighborhood associations and even church groups. This paper attempts to test, using a unique public opinion panel dataset of Brazilian voters collected in the 2002 elections, if activists are, in fact, better informed about politics, specifically, about campaign issues. In addition, the paper also tests if potential informational gaps caused by gender, race and class are attenuated by participation in civil society organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The proposal for this paper, "It seems that the fear of suffering and death has the pictorial representation of his fears, to appease them and to take them under control" refers to Gilbert Durand, who writes: "configuring an image of evil, a danger of sorts, symbollising anguish is a form of taking control, of mastering these by virtues of the cogito". In Brazilian society exist different highly potent symbolic systems, among them that of Candomblé. An Afro-Brazilian religion, Candomblé is a Orixás worship, where deities are associated with the elements of nature (water, land, forest, fire, lightning, air, etc.). Here we seek to observe how the representations developed in a Candomblé ritual of synthetic structure (disséminatoire), master anxiety by re-signifying core elements within the culture, space and time, balancing the various energies of good and ill in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines is the property of Editions de la Sorbonne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Autrepart is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Production of academic knowledge in the past two centuries has been marked by a clear trend towards specialization. The considerable importance currently gained by environmental issues, as seen through the lense of sustainable development, has promoted significant changes in this scenario and highlighted the need for interdisciplinary approaches (de-specialization). The recent creation of interdisciplinary master's and doctoral training programs in Brazil faces a range of obstacles related to the general crisis prevailing in University. Using examples taken from Brazilian graduate programs, our paper outlines and analyzes critically the programs focused on environmental issues nationwide and shows the significant limitations and challenges incurred in building this new field of knowledge. Despite a growing trend towards "environmentalization" of some disciplines, the issue at stake is to interdisciplinarize the focus on sustainable development. The consolidated programs are presented according to the specific institutional arrangements adopted by them. They clearly reflect a need to act creatively in order to break through the impenetrable structure of disciplinary departments. To conlcude, the idea of building a network structure within University is argued as a possible alternative, a solution that does not deny the role of traditional departments, but opens spaces for their interaction with interdisciplinary units and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les concepts de ressource naturelle et de dégradation sont des constructions sociales. En témoignent les points de vue confrontés ici des transformations connues par la région brésilienne des Cerrados depuis les années 1960, assimilées à une mise en valeur par les uns et à un appauvrissement, voire une agonie, par les autres. La confrontation des points de vue des éleveurs (de type familial), à propos des pâturages et de leur dégradation, à ceux des techniciens confirme encore ce statut de construction sociale. Elle montre aussi que l'adoption matérielle d'innovations techniques (ici la fertilisation et la gestion tournante des pâturages) par les éleveurs nécessite également de leur part une reconstruction, voire une construction, des concepts de ressource et de dégradation. Cela témoigne plus généralement d'une activité conceptuelle socialement partagée et non confinée aux seuls lieux de la production officielle de connaissances. Cette analyse invite pour conclure à penser la gestion durable des ressources naturelles en termes d'intégrité fonctionnelle plutôt qu'en termes de stocks. The concept of degradation of a natural resource, a social construct. Pastures and small-scale farms in Brazil. The concepts of "natural resource" and "degradation" are social constructs. This point is emphasized by analyzing the discourses of Brazilian NGOs and agricultural research institutes working in the region of Cerrados in Central Brazil: their diagnoses on the colonization process of the region (from the 60's on) range from an "area of impoverishment" for the NGOs, to a "New Eldorado" for agricultural research institutes. These divergences highlight ideological and interest conflicts about what should be the "good uses" and "good users" of this region. They are also evident when analyzing the question of pasture degradation in small-scale farms in the Silvânia commune in the State of Goiás. The recent increase of dairy production in the small-scale farms of this commune has been sustained partly by an intensified use of pastures (e.g. strip grazing) as part of a wider technological package. The concept of pasture degradation was introduced with this innovation; it is mainly assessed in terms of the technical production potential and mainly concerns the soil. This concept has replaced the concept of "weakening", which concerns mainly the plant cover and is assessed by comparing it with the native vegetation. It has been shown that the adoption of the degradation conceptbyfarmers results from a change in the function of their pasture, rather than from a change in its state. It also becomes integrated into different representations of the animal farming system, which have shifted from a set of interactions to a representation in term of resource stocks. This analysis invites us to view the concept of sustainable development in terms of functional integrity of resources rather than in terms of managing resource stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]