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Papermaking in Xinjiang has a long history beginning during the Han Dynasty, to which a good many ancient documents excavated there bear witness. As an important trans­mitter of culture along the Silk Road, paper bears the imprint of the historical development of Xinjiang. Paper and papermaking techniques in Xinjiang are therefore of great historical and cultural importance. This article gives an overview of the development of traditional paper­making in Xinjiang, especially the mulberry papermaking in the Hotan area, by presenting its history, the raw materials used, papermaking and processing techniques, usages and the revival of handmade mulberry paper today in order to demonstrate its diverse values.

The cultural background of the proliferation of early paper in Central Asia and its use outside China has rarely been explored. Since written sources are inconclusive regarding the origins and spread of papermaking, archaeological and material evidence assumes increased importance. The preserved manuscripts found along the Silk Road have been used as a key source in the study of religion, literature and the cultural history of Central Asia. They have, however, rarely been viewed as artefacts in their own right, with their own specific form and produced by a specific technology. Paper is one of the most important physical aspects of a manuscript and at the same time bears witness to early papermaking technologies. As an introduction to the vol­ume Asian paper as writing support, this article outlines the early history and technology of pa­permaking as revealed by the oldest manuscripts in existence, those found along the Silk Road.

This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC pro­ject “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic analyses rely on traces found in the material of the paper which may be the result of the many stages in the life of the document: the raw material, the manufacturing process, the conditions of use and the storage conditions, both ancient and modern. To this day 350 fragments have been observed. Little is known about papermaking in Central Asia. As a consequence, every shred of information must be examined in order to deter­mine the differences from and similarities to paper manufacturing in Xinjiang.

The fibres and technologies used in the production of 14 handmade paper samples of known provenance, collected during study tours to Nepal, Thailand and Japan in 1984, 1985 and 1988 illustrate the importance of the preparation process for the final quality of the paper. The detailed descriptions from field notes and observation of the time-consuming preparation process of the fibres from the Moraceae and Thymelaeaceae plant families in this article indicate the close connection between the preparation of the fibres and the technology used in the sheet formation and the drying process. A useful reference for known fibres, technology and prove­nance, these 14 samples serve in comparative analyses as an identification key for the fibres and technology of unidentified Asian papers.

Review

Robert Klymasz et John Willis, Revelations - Bimellenial papers from the canadian museum of civiliszation, Hull, Musee canadien des civilisations, 2001, 285 p. A l'occasion du debut du troisieme millenaire, [...]

There are various sources concerning the manufacture of Indochinese paper at the be­ginning of the 20th century: articles published in colonial magazines by engineers or by industrial managers working in Indochina, photographs and postcards taken by the colonial services; the work of Henri Oger, administrator of the French civil services stationed in Hanoi between 1912 and 1919; and during a later period and Dard Hunter’s book published in 1947, following a trip he made to Indochina. These sources provide a fairly precise idea of paper production and its social organisation in the region. This article presents the production of paper in the northern part of present-day Vietnam. It attempts to show the links between the Chinese and Tonkinese paper making.

This article is an English translation by Anna-Grethe Rischel of Julius von Wiesner’s pioneering study of the oldest specimens of rag paper of Central Asian origin conducted soon after the discovery of large collections of manuscripts found in Dunhuang. This work, impor­tant for philology, codicology and paper history was fundamental to studies of paper as writing support of old manuscripts carried out at the beginning of the 20th century. The text written in German is little known and is therefore offered here in English.

We normally hardly notice the mass-produced paper products that pass through our hands on a daily basis, which we then recycle. In fact it has recently been predicted that books printed on paper will be replaced by digital formats. However, paper endures and specialist craft papers are now being produced in increasing quantities, especially valued by artists and conservators, but also by tourists visiting paper-producing areas around the world. Paper is therefore flourishing even in our computer and mobile-phone focused world. One of the areas benefiting from this revival is the Himalayas. As well as serving the tourist trade these products are now exported world-wide, as they were when paper first arrived in Europe in the eleventh century. There are even organisations that run Tibetan-style paper making workshops in Amer­ica. This paper focuses on the papermaking revival in Tibet (China), Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim (India). Using information gained from visits to producers, middle men, as well as retail and export operations, it seeks to compare the economic and social factors influencing the revival, including conservation issues. The conclusion highlights the fact that, even in the twenty first century, hand-crafted items still play an important rôle in our lives.

28-29 May 2012 but not included in this volume: Kevin Anderson, 'Dispelling the Medieval Darkness: Anti-Catholicism in Canada, 1910-1929' Calum Beck, 'Peace by Distance: Gentlemen's Agreements and Protestant-Catholic Relations on [...]

University of New Brunswick--St. Thomas University, Fredericton 31 May-1 June 2011 but not included in this volume: Marie-Claire Arsenau, 'Africadian and Acadian Catholics of Southville, Nova Scotia' Patti Bannister, 'Achieving [...]

Anne Gagnon, 'Child-Naming Practices and Modernization in Franco-Albertan Families, 1890s- 1940s' Allan Greet, 'From Teenage Runaway in Europe to Missionary in Canada, A Jesuit Story' Gabriela Kasprzak, 'Priests and Consuls: [...]

Papers presented at the Annual meeting University of Manitoba, 30-31 May 2004 but not included in this volume: Paul Laverdure, 'The Champlain Society's Petitot Project: Emile Petitot, OMI 1838-1917' Heidi [...]

University of Saskatchewan, 28 May--29 May 2007 but not included in this volume: Keith Thor Carlson, 'Saskatchewan: A Re-appraisal of 19th Century Oblate-Aboriginal Relations: Oral History and Archival Documents in [...]

University of Western Ontario, 31 May-June 1 2005 but not included in this volume: Jane Errington, 'Evangelical Women and Benevolence in the First Half of the 19th Century' Elizabeth McGahan, [...]

Dalhousie University, 29-30 May 2003 but not included in this volume: Terrence J. Fay, 'Chinese Canadian Parishes across Canada, 1917-2003' Larry Dohey, 'The Library of Bishop J.T. Mullock in the [...]

This research paper provides an exploration of the complex and reciprocal relation between identity, history, and destiny in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children and Angela Carter's Wise Children. We regard these two works as exemplary in their use of magical realism, not merely as a stylistic device, but also as a powerful narrative tool that helps define the complexities of human existence. Through a comparative analysis, this paper examines how Rushdie and Carter blend the real with the fantastical to challenge conventional narratives, exploring the intricate nature of identity and the dynamic reciprocity between personal and collective histories. In Midnight's Children, Rushdie blends the life of his protagonist, Saleem Sinai, with the historical reality of postcolonial India, using magical realism to blur the boundaries between the personal and the national, the real and the imagined. The novel’s non-linear structure and fragmented narration reflect the tumultuous and often contradictory nature of postcolonial identity, illustrating how personal and national histories are intertwined and constantly evolving. The midnight's children, born at the exact moment of India’s independence, symbolize the nation’s future potential but also its inherent complexities, their supernatural abilities serving as metaphors for the highly diverse and complex nature of Indian identity. On the other hand, Angela Carter’s Wise Children explores identity using performance and theatricality, focusing on the lives of Dora and Nora Chance, the illegitimate daughters of a famous Shakespearean actor. Carter’s narrative style, characterized by its playfulness and subversive humor, uses magical realism to blur the lines between reality and performance, suggesting that identity is as much a construction and performance as any role played on stage. The Chance sisters’ improbable survival and their lives filled with theatrical performances and fantastical elements highlight the fluidity of identity and the artificiality of social constructs such as legitimacy and lineage. Children play an extremely important role in both novels, their symbolism lying at the core of both narratives. Opposing the reality of the adult world to the fantastic freedom of childhood, with its lack of imaginative boundaries, the novels question the nature of reality and our accepted worldview. This study draws on the primary literature, analyzing the two mentioned works, but also on a wide range of secondary literature, including postcolonial theory, feminist criticism, and narrative theory, to situate the analysis within broader cultural and literary contexts. Homi K. Bhabha's concept of hybridity is particularly relevant in understanding the fragmented identities in Midnight's Children, while Judith Butler's theory of performativity offers insights into the fluid identities portrayed in Wise Children. By examining the symbolic roles of children in both novels, the research highlights how Rushdie and Carter use magical realism to explore and critique the constructed nature of identity, history, and destiny. Ultimately, this study argues that magical realism in these novels is not simply a narrative style but a powerful tool for exploring the complexities of identity and history in postcolonial and feminist contexts. Midnight's Children and Wise Children both challenge the linear, teleological narratives of history and identity, offering instead a vision of reality that is many-sided, fluid, and constantly being rewritten. Through their use of magical realism, Rushdie and Carter create narratives that invite readers to question conventional understandings of the self, society, the present and the past, offering new possibilities for the ways in which we understand identity, history, and destiny.

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dwelling and Witnessing. Being-Witness and Being-in-the-World - - - “Dwelling” has become one of the central concepts in contemporary philosophy, also thanks to Martin Heidegger. The paper examines the connection between the topology of dwelling and the existential structure of being-witness outlined in Heidegger’s exposition of being-in-the-world in Being and Time. The paper subsequently focuses on Heidegger’s definition of historicity as testimoniality in his lecture “Hölderlin and the Essence of Poetry” (1936). Historicity as testimoniality initially defines the possibility of dwelling, otherwise the latter falls into the situation of homelessness. Finally, in this context, an outline is given of the concept of “historical thinking” in the works of the Croatian philosopher Vanja Sutlić.

This paper explores the relationship between memory, history and identity from the perspective of Ricœur‟s philosophical hermeneutics, in which the concept of memory integrates those of history and forgetting. This approach puts in a new light the ancient truth of the hypostasis of memory as a condition for the recognition of identity both at the individual and collective level and at the same time the contexts of human creativity. Thanks to memory, the imagination can bring faces, events, facts from the past back into the present and, in this sense, memory as a “province of the imagination” beyond its temporalizing function could play a heuristic role, namely to discover the use of memory not only by ideology as an expression of the social imaginary, intended to legitimize power, but also to recognize and build an authentic identity, to understand human being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the intersection of 19th-century philosophy with historical events, spotlighting Nietzsche, Bentham, Kierkegaard, and Schopenhauer and their distinct perspectives on suffering as a positive element, reflective of the era's cultural and historical nuances. The first part of the paper is a summary of the 19th century and its noteworthy events. The second part argues that suffering is a constant element of human existence by highlighting conceptual similarities between all four philosophers when they describe the challenges that humans must face. The third part of the paper analyzes the relationship between suffering and self-knowledge. The fourth and last part of the paper explores the mechanism of suffering as an epiphenomenon.

Copyright of Quetes Litteraires is the property of Katolicki Uniwersityt Lubelski Jana Pawla II, Wydzial Nauk Humanistycznych, Institut Filologii Romaj and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Kanada-Studien is the property of Gesellschaft fuer Kanada Studien e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper takes a fresh look at the sources of Leo the Deacon and comments on what has been written about them by other Byzantinists. It will also study Leo the Deacon’s style of writing, which is certainly innovative, since the History he authored stands apart from the historiographical works that preceded it, as it seeks to meld the new historiography that had emerged from the circle of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos with the classical tradition. And Leo blazes new trails by praising specific individuals, the vast majority of them military men, around whose actions and achievements - on the field of battle, in the main - his narrative near exclusively revolves. The paper then goes on to indicate that one of the most important texts that has been identified as a source of Leo’s History is the Pophyrogennetos’ vast collection conventionally labelled the Excerpta Constantiniana; the Excerpta are then re-evaluated, particularly in terms of their links to Leo, which turn out to be close, as a number of examples illustrate.

Copyright of Synergies Pays Scandinaves is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to analyze good practice in teaching about the Holocaust, comparing the use of pedagogical resources in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and England (United Kingdom). The paper compares the use of three types of pedagogical resources used in history classes: fictional films, documentaries, and photographs of Holocaust atrocities. Comparison is drawn between a developing and post-conflict society (Republika Srpska) and the well-established and reputable English educational system. By cross-referencing teachers’ and students’ answers, the paper attempts to identify good practice of notable value to be shared and exchanged. The research method firstly incorporated questionnaires, followed by interviews and then lesson observation. Data revealed that teachers in both education systems do not appear to consider all the educational benefits of film screening. The way teachers from England use pictures of Holocaust atrocities and organization of school trips seem to be applicable to the context of Republika Srpska, as well as being useful for classroom practitioners beyond these two education systems.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work deals with the genre of literary testimony and explores its double literary-historical status, as well as its unique position at the crossroads between memory and imagination. The paper analyses the specificity of Jorge Semprún's literary testimonies and focuses itself on the phenomenon of the imaginary memories and the image of snow, considering emblematic examples of the fusion of mnemonic and imaginary faculties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lien Social et Politiques is the property of Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This introductory paper outlines the conceptual framework and case studies comprising the research project Disrupted Histories, Recovered Pasts. Our project proposes a cross-disciplinary analysis and cross-case synthesis of experience and memory in post-conflict and postcolonial contexts. In the post- conflict and colonial contexts of our cases, we see “disruption” as present in three senses: as the productive ways in which multiple experiences retrieved through oral histories may refract and revise historical analysis; as the happening histories of objectively disruptive events break the flow of individual and collective experience; and as a strategy for cross-disciplinary research to disrupt and democratise conventional understanding by drawing attention to occluded experiences. We also articulate “recovery” as polysemic: invoking retrieval of past experiences and the possibility for enhanced well-being through voicing memories that may have been suppressed, as well as attending to mismatches with public discourses about displaced groups and individual experience. Following an introduction to our conceptual approach, we summarise our case-research. We have conducted oral history and archival research in multiple contexts, from disciplinary bases in anthropology and history. Our aim has been to interrogate relationships between oral histories and amateur histories with more formal written archives and historiography in a series of disrupted settings: evictions in colonial and apartheid west Namibia (SULLIVAN); memories and historical interpretations of the Egyptian Jewish diaspora (BAUSSANT); the evacuation of children in Second World War France (DODD); recent maritime exodus of migrants from Africa (OTELE); and rupture from a hegemonic imperial-nostalgic narrative in Portugal (DOS SANTOS). Our case research is complemented in the concluding paper of this Special Issue by systematic cross-case engagement, synthesis and theorisation of our case-study research.

This introductory paper outlines the conceptual framework and case studies comprising the research project Disrupted Histories, Recovered Pasts. Our project proposes a cross-disciplinary analysis and cross-case synthesis of experience and memory in post-conflict and postcolonial contexts. In the post- conflict and colonial contexts of our cases, we see “disruption” as present in three senses: as the productive ways in which multiple experiences retrieved through oral histories may refract and revise historical analysis; as the happening histories of objectively disruptive events break the flow of individual and collective experience; and as a strategy for cross-disciplinary research to disrupt and democratise conventional understanding by drawing attention to occluded experiences. We also articulate “recovery” as polysemic: invoking retrieval of past experiences and the possibility for enhanced well-being through voicing memories that may have been suppressed, as well as attending to mismatches with public discourses about displaced groups and individual experience. Following an introduction to our conceptual approach, we summarise our case-research. We have conducted oral history and archival research in multiple contexts, from disciplinary bases in anthropology and history. Our aim has been to interrogate relationships between oral histories and amateur histories with more formal written archives and historiography in a series of disrupted settings: evictions in colonial and apartheid west Namibia (SULLIVAN); memories and historical interpretations of the Egyptian Jewish diaspora (BAUSSANT); the evacuation of children in Second World War France (DODD); recent maritime exodus of migrants from Africa (OTELE); and rupture from a hegemonic imperial-nostalgic narrative in Portugal (DOS SANTOS). Our case research is complemented in the concluding paper of this Special Issue by systematic cross-case engagement, synthesis and theorisation of our case-study research.

In this paper, I intend to study the contribution of Aby Warburg, a cultural theorist and an art historian, especially his concern with the relations between memory and history, relations that have been theorized in the late 20th century, but which Warburg anticipated, to a certain degree. In his writings, there can be identified those relations that make memory a metahistorical category or an anti-historical discourse (Pierre Nora, Yosef Yerushalmi); then, his writings can be connected with those of Maurice Halbwachs, the first who approached memory as a social phenomenon. Thus, according to Warburg, collective memory can be regarded as a medium for art, which ensures the survival of images and pathos formulas even when the violence of historical development leads to a decline of the creative spirit. One might say that via a detour through the archaic (Pueblo Indian culture), Warburg managed to reduce the distances which the historical method had established to the Antiquity's vestiges (process that started in the Renaissance). His hypothesis was that the employment in the historical development of Western civilization leads to the atrophy of certain potentialities of the human spirit, which can be addressed in the anti-historicist discourse, specific to postmodernity. In the last part of the paper, I propose to dwell on The Mnemosyne Atlas, Warburg’s last project, as a visual synthesis of the research that he conducted throughout his life.

The aim of the article is to analyse trends in the field of digital management of graphic archives in the context of the rapidly changing information environment, to consider issues of data security and accessibility. To raise the issue of popularising the study of the bookplate as an independent genre in the fine arts and as a historical document that attests to the era, events and people. The history of ex-libris goes back to ancient times, with the appearance of the text and its first owner. This history is multifaceted, diverse and touches on various aspects of the worldwide development of human culture. The development of bookplate collecting and the study of bookplates dates back to the Middle Ages, from which time we can trace the history of the transformation of the bookplate from a bookmark with a protective function to an independent art object and collector’s item. This paper examines several modern methods of organising and preserving an ex-libris collection, providing an overview of the key technologies involved in these processes, drawing on contemporary and historical research. The research results are primarily intended for use in the collections of the Pushkin Museum in Chișinău and are based on the largest ex-libris collection in the country, which includes over 15,000 items. The collection needs to be described, systematised and assigned in order to prepare it for further research and exhibitions.

Copyright of Revue Education et Socialisation is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is based upon an historical hypothesis which could be formulated as such : the privilege granted to indirect modes of signifying in contemporary French narrative prose by the violence of XXth century’s history. Hence the interest of the stylistic notion of figure (of speech), which implies that literary uses of figures elaborate, implicitly, a reflection on history : that is to say that literary history – as history of aesthetic forms – should also be an history of figures. This paper aims to sketch such a study, by choosing three examples (three figures, and three contemporary oeuvres): syllepsis (illustrated by Jean Rouaud’s novels), hyperbaton (which analysis is based upon some narratives by Claude Simon and Laurent Mauvignier) and allegory (here exemplified by Antoine Volodine’novels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to criticize Wittgenstein's reading of Freudian psychoanalysis. According to Wittgenstein, the very notion of "unconscious" can only make sense considered from a grammatical standpoint. The unconscious is not an empirical feature of our mind but a kind of language game. On the basis of a thorough study of Freud's book on Moses, this paper argues that psychoanalysis relies on a legitimate alternative to Wittgenstein's conception of mind and culture. For psychoanalysis, mind and culture would need to be understood as essentially diachronic, rather than as language games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]