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Introduction: Autonomy is often stated as an objective in TPE. However, this notion is not clearly defined and its operationalisation is left to the discretion of the teams. Insofar as representations guide practices, are representations of autonomy among healthcare professionals involved in TPE programmes a good indicator of their reported practices? Methods: An inductive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was carried out with 8 healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, dieticians and pharmacists) practising in France, supplemented by a Q. sort questionary. Results and discussion: For the points on which there was agreement, autonomy was defined as the ability to implement self-monitoring and self-care skills. The point of disagreement in the representation of autonomy among carers lies in the following question: who defines autonomy, the patient or the carer? When autonomy is defined by the carer, carers seem to adopt more ambivalent postures (the aim of which is to confront the educator's norm). Conversely, when autonomy is defined by the patient, the carers seem to rely on more endogenous postures (the aim of which is for the patient to discover his or her own norm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The emotions felt by dental students during patient treatment can influence motivation, commitment to work, mental and physical health, and learning, in a good or bad way. Aim: The main objective of this study was to assess the emotional state of students during a paediatric dental consultation and compared to that of an adult patient. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaire about the emotions experienced was completed immediately after each dental extraction performed by dental students (n = 143). We evaluated various positive and negative emotions such as self-confidence, satisfaction, stress or even. Results: Treating children are a source of anxiety for students. They were less confident and felt communications difficulties with young patients. The availability of a clinical educator and pair work were reassuring factors. Conclusion: Caring for a child is more stressful for the student, with a panel of emotions different from the ones experienced with adult patients. Our results help to understand why paediatric dentistry is underappreciated by students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: During the pandemic, teleconsultation, a sub-category of telemedicine, is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative mode of health care delivery. The integration of this type of virtual care in routine clinical care involves significant changes in traditional role and health care practices especially when considering communication skills for the patient-provider relationship. Although this type of delivery mode and long-term use of teleconsultation is dependent on the development of new skills, education and training provided by health profession programs remains sparse. Since the onset of COVID-19, the use of teleconsultation is in the spotlight to provide a safe and effective way to communicate with patients. Objective: Thus, the present article offers a critical view about the growing demand for teleconsultation from a clinical perspective and the need for the development of a formal curriculum for future health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to display the results of scientometric analysis from a database related to the use of social media in local government communication. In line with social media users increasing everywhere, the use of social media in government doesn’t stop at the central government level, but also local governments. This study used 166 documents consisting of journal articles and conference proceedings between 2013-2022. Then the data is processed by Scientometric analysis using the CiteSpace app. Based on the analysis of the Scopus Bibliometric database, it was found that research on related themes shows fluctuations in the number of studies within ten years. The highest number of studies occurred in 2021 (36 documents) and the lowest number of studies occurred in 2013 (8 documents). In addition, it was also produced that the United States (44 documents) became the most contributing country and Nurmandi, A (4 documents) became the author with the most contributions in this research with related themes. Meanwhile, the results of the Scientometric analysis using CiteSpace resulted in 9 clusters including public sector adoption, Facebook content, case study, American local government, local government use, e-government interactivity, enabling smart participation of local governments, American grass root, and multi-level functionality..

Social media platforms and channels are being increasingly used nowadays, influencing almost all types of businesses. Social media are mainly used as a source of information and means of dissemination of knowledge that may change the opinions of people. They can be considered very important business marketing strategies since they participate significantly in creating new business opportunities, building a stronger position in the market, or in the transformation of consumer behaviour. The main goal of the paper is to determine which social networks are most commonly used in business and their purpose. To achieve the goal, the method of questionnaire survey was used, in which a total of 237 respondents participated. The results of the survey show that business entities mostly use Instagram in their business activities, mainly for promoting their company, which was followed by Facebook, through which they sell their products or attract new employees. In addition, companies also use social networks as a communication channel with employees or customers.

Introduction: The 2009 Hospital Patient Health Territory Law included Therapeutic Patient Education of the patient (TPE) in the patient care journey and established a regulatory framework. Nevertheless, the organization and funding of the TPE at the hospital seems to vary between regions or between institutions. Objective: To realize a national inventory of the TPE organization at the hospital and to identify possible difficulties and levers. Methods: This qualitative survey by semi-directional interviews was conducted by telephone using an interview guide to the 29 cross units patient education (UTEP) identified in the University or Regional Hospitals of France. Results: Twenty-four UTEPs (83%) responded. The number of approved programs ranges from 6 to 307 with few cross-cutting and rare disease programs. The TPE is funded by outpatient activity, but the method of calculation varies according to the Health Regional Agency. Seven hospitals have integrated the education file into the shared computer file. The main difficulties are lack of time, funding and bringing patients back. The levers are the coordination of the TPE within the institution (place of the UTEP and collaboration with the directions and authorities), the motivation and involvement of the TPE teams, communication. Discussion and conclusion: Several courses of action can be proposed, such as the development of e-TPE and the development of the care partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the WHO, therapeutic patient education (TPE) addresses the patient and his family, but in the majority of cases, it is the patient who benefits the most from the educational program. However, it is likely that patients in turn transmit knowledge and/or competencies to their caregivers. According to this hypothesis, a "Halo effect" would result from the therapeutic patient education. The objectives of this study were: (1) to highlight, with educated patients and their caregivers, the existence of this Halo effect; (2) to describe the consequences of the halo effect, both on patients and their caregivers; (3) to identify the knowledge/competencies transmited which had the greatest impact for both partners. Method: Patients, who participated in 15 TPE programs organized by the Montpellier University Hospital in 2020 as well as their caregivers, were submitted to two separate questionnaires to be completed online via Google form. All analyzes were performed at 5% alpha risk using R software version 4.0.4 (The R Foundation, 1020 Vienna, Austria). The analyzes are descriptive and analytical using parametric tests or their equivalent when their performance conditions were not met. The socio-demographic characteristics and statements concerning the use of TPE of patients were compared with those of their caregivers. Results: One hundred fifty-seven patients (62.7% women, mean age: 53) and 59 caregivers (57.6% women, mean age: 54, mostly wifes) answered the questionnaires. 84.9% of patients (p) recognize having transmitted knowledge/competencies to their caregivers (a) and the latter confirm (86.2%), i.e. a p-value of 0.98. These would encourage caregivers to better understand the disease (p = 69.9%; a = 83.1%) with a p < 0.001, and are considered, on both sides, useful in helping the patient to cope with emergencies (p = 68.3%; a = 74.6%), to better manage his illness (p = 61.6%; a = 64.4%) and his diet (p = 78.4%; a = 81.4%) daily, to provide him a better psychological support (p = 56.6%; a = 64.4%). The Halo effect seems to be less effective in terms of stress management, quality of sleep and of interpersonal and social relationships. Patients and caregivers express non-contradictory opinions, although the responses of the latter are consistently of a higher percentage than those of the patients. Finally, patients want their caregivers to participate in the TPE program, but only to a part of it (p = 49.3%; a = 60%). Discussion and conclusion: A Halo effect exists. Patients who in turn educate their caregiver can benefit from useful daily help, thanks to a better understanding of the disease by the latter. As a result, the caregiver better participates in the management of the patient's therapy. The Halo effect, therefore, not only affects the caregiver's empowerment, but more generally contributes to the spread of health skills which should be taken into account when considering the economy of TPE as well as the future of TPE programs which should involve more the caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans une perspective d’exploration et d’invention de nouveaux processus de conception alternatifs, nous avons mis en place un dispositif robotique qui agit et communique avec un milieu biotique évolutif. Notre démarche s’inscrit dans le besoin urgent d’alternatives pour lutter contre la catastrophe écologique qui devient de plus en plus menaçante. Elle questionne l’impact du domaine de l’architecture et de la construction en général, dont les modèles de conception sont inscrits dans des logiques ultra-libérales et anthropocentrées qui participent ainsi de manière active à l’aggravation du problème climatique. Notre objectif a été de requestionner le rôle de l’architecte concepteur tel qu’il est perçu aujourd’hui, et de proposer à la place des démarches de conception plus douces, non-déterminées, aléatoires et inspirées du monde numérique et biologique. C’est ainsi que notre dispositif bio-robotique tente d’explorer une de ces voies ouvertes aux architectes à travers un système génératif, guidé par l’évolution de la matière vivante. Son but final est de reproduire et appliquer au domaine de la conception, les logiques d’auto-organisation préexistantes dans les écosystèmes naturels.

Context and issues: In the era of evidence-based medicine, the evaluation criteria used by physicians tend to deviate from the expectations of patients with chronic pathologies whose pain is difficult to estimate. The doctor-patient relationship is altered as a result of a lack of training in the management of complex situations by doctors, but also because of the use of evaluation criteria that are sometimes unsuitable. These situations, such as the announcement of a diagnosis or the management of pain, are difficult to apprehend without appropriate prior training. Objective: To report on the experience of the rheumatology department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Rouen concerning the implementation of training workshops on the doctor-patient relationship for trainees in pregraduate medical studies. To present the didactic and pedagogical approaches followed by the promoters and document some of their impacts. Methods: The workshops are organized in small groups, led by a clinical psychologist and a communication teacher, supervised by a doctor. During this two-hour session, the two facilitators, who play the role of mediators, provide a space for the students to express themselves about their relationship with the patient and shed light on the issues raised by the contribution of theoretical elements in the fields of psychology and communication. These workshops consist of two parts: one based on learning in situation (in direct link with the patients under care), the other consisting of application through role-playing. Results: The evaluation survey conducted among the trainees documented very encouraging results for this new form of learning that complements academic teaching. Conclusion: The workshops provide students with a complementary learning experience to the other activities organized by clinicians during the clerkship, focusing on the different dimensions of the doctor-patient relationship, in connection with the fields of psychology and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this contribution is to determine and analyse the types of products the five most followed Instagram influencers in the Czech Republic promoted during the period September 2019 – September 2020. The most followed influencers in 2020 were identified on the basis of the highest number of followers (Leoš Mareš, Petr Čech, Jirka Král, Karolina Kurková and Anna Šulcová). The next step was to calculate the frequency of product-related posts by each influencer according to the individual product types. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the most frequent product-related posts are associated with clothing and accessories, followed by magazines, cosmetics, e-shops, sports, travel, culture, children’s goods or restaurants.

Research background: Electronic communication fundamentally influences social behavior of the society. An unlimited virtual connection to the outside world and the minimal costs needed to reach out to a particular subject cause personal contact to become of marginal importance. The starting point may be, in certain cases, the ability of a mobile device to provide interested parties with relatively accurate geographical data mapping the distribution of objects in space. Therefore, localization of individual participants in the communication process becomes a prerequisite for establishing a contact in the real world. Moreover, localization also serves as a tool for creating highly personalized messages based on a combination of geographical, demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to research the peculiarities associated with the localization of portable electronic devices in the space and the associated efforts to improve the level of personalized communication in line with the right timing of wireless distribution of advertising content to the recipient. Methods: In order to achieve the stated goal, the author made use of several research methods to research the use of localization technologies in software products supporting social interaction between users of portable electronic devices. In particular, the author used analytical, inductive, deductive and comparative research methods. The paper also contains the results of several scientific studies presenting the latest market trends reflecting on research from abroad. Findings & Value added: The paper contributes to the definition of the specifics that characterize the various types of localization technologies which convey information to the target audience within SoLoMo marketing.

Research background: Globalization has significantly affected the way a territory communicates its offer. Only public administration, which is innovative and at the same time effective in its activities, can adapt and respond to the ever-changing conditions and requirements of today’s society and its members. Innovation and its activities, research and development are the result of proliferation and they are considered to be the driving force behind the growth of the economy, in the form of new knowledge. Those regions that have spent more money and effort on innovation activities in the past are now at a more advanced level. These are the main reasons to focus on this topic and bring the results of our research. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to present the findings which show the level of communication between the municipality and the public and the possibilities of using communication tools towards their more effective usage. Methods: It presents the results of a questionnaire survey realized at the level of local governments in the Trnava region. The results of the questionnaire survey with a description and explanation are shown graphically. The offices we asked were the following: Trnava City Office, Trnava Self-Governing Region Office, Trnava District Office. Findings and value added: The article presents the findings of a survey that was carried out for the purpose of the dissertation which deals with regional marketing communications. The outcome of the survey specified the direction of the main research in our dissertation.

Research background: The pros of globalization processes are a challenge for society, but also a warning not to turn to society itself. E.g. disproportionate support of consumption and consumerist lifestyle can totally destroy the social belonging of individual cultures and the environment. With the growing globalization processes of the world’s population, communication is an important means of the stability of postmodern society. It can establish and eliminate the causes of communication noise, which can grow into a conflict. All this has an impact on the global movement of people and intercultural communication, especially among the younger generation. Purpose of the article: The article points to the need to create a unified and fair communication platform for the young generation to properly understand their position and position in the intercultural environment and not to be manipulated by global communication, which is managed by multinational companies. Methods: The main methods to be used will be structured analysis and simple description of facts, as well as methods of synthesis, logical and deductive procedures in order to identify and formulate the effects of globalization on the formation of relations of the young generation. Findings & Value added: The article will present both a description of the current behavior of the young generation in the context of their possibilities of intercultural communication and a recommendation that information and knowledge become a source of economic growth.

The article studies the role of city libraries in school education based on expert interviews carried out with Moscow teachers, librarians, teenagers, and their parents. The study is relevant due to the importance of city libraries in the educational process and their insufficient use in practice. This is the first comprehensive study of standardized interaction between schools and city libraries. The research has demonstrated that ties between these institutions and the process of their interaction have a personal and informal nature. Today, public libraries are information and education resources for school only to a small extent. Most teachers do not see any point in collaborating with libraries since their communication with librarians is not properly regulated. As a rule, successful examples of such interaction are not associated with established rules but rather with a personal interest conditioned by subjective, often random reasons. An essential characteristic of this communication is event-based learning, the use of verbal practices and educational games, as well as a stable educational orientation. Children as participants in the educational process have minimum engagement in this field. It is a rare case that libraries are regarded as a place for independent learning where students work with the necessary sources to conduct scientific research and engage in project activity. In most cases, city libraries attract teachers with their student-oriented events or activities. At the same time, libraries are rarely used in the educational process. Their role does not always involve working with collections or developing children’s need for independent reading. The latter can be satisfied by visiting a local library and addressing reading lists.

The article considers the role of the university as a social institution in the urban space. The article establishes the connection and interdependence among the phenomena of the city, the university, the type of rationality, and the type of communication. The transformations of urban space and the functions of the city in history affect the organizational forms and functions of the university. The research environment at the university, using the communication practices that have developed in society, creates a certain type of rationality. The nonclassical type of rationality is formed in the industrial city environment, and university education is changing towards professionalization, and commercialization, changing communication practices and values that need to be mastered for socialization into the industrial world. The post-nonclassical type of rationality coincides with the emergence of a new type of university, created within the framework of the Bologna Process. This is associated with the emergence of so-called multiple identities, formed by a variety of socialization practices. Universities are operating in the global space of global cities and megalopolises. The convergence of these phenomena results in the transformation of the value perception of the world and the axiological paradigm of society. The activity-based method of analyzing the socialization process allowed determining the need to create the idea of a university, based on a value approach. Values and value-based communication practices in the educational system of the university allow moving to a sustainable development society.

Employees at construction sites need to have good communicative competence on all the issues occurring there. The survey of higher school students revealed presence of language barriers in the process of communication. They should be able to cope with all the speech situations requiring proper practical language skills. Therefore, the research considers necessity of development of communicative speech skills of future construction specialists in English considering the factors that would contribute to overcoming language barriers. To realize this, the authors empirically surveyed groups of a higher school final-year students to improve their language level through mastering their communicative skills on the base of necessary teaching factors, and simultaneously eliminating possible obstacles. The research was conducted on the base of communicative method and the teaching-practicing-controlling approach supported by observing, questioning, and surveying methods. The results obtained show that proper practical development of future specialists’ communicative skills taking into account all kinds of barriers can improve their professional language growth and overcoming their speech barriers. The research results obtained one can use in language teaching practice, as well as for making some possible contribution to education and through it communication skills of research participants’ speech development.

Innovation is a major accelerator of development. This is no different with regard to innovations in business management processes. The communication policy of business entities has been undergoing a transformation for more than two decades, where more and more emphasis is being placed on interactive forms of presentation, with which companies can better target selected markets. The aim of the study is to describe selected characteristics of the Slovak market in the light of the transformation from off-line to on-line. Through the analysis of secondary information sources, it is possible to state that on the Slovak market we record both a continuous increase in the share of social network use by companies, as well as an increase in expenditure on Internet promotion. The presented study maps the period until the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus creating a reference framework for subsequent research into the effects of the pandemic on the communication activities of Slovak companies.

Moroccan cancer patients use traditional herbal medicine and no ethno botanical study has targeted them in the Béni Mellal Khénifra region. We had the objective to measure the frequency use of medicinal plants by cancer patients in the region of Béni Mellal Khénifra as well as the communication around this use and to inventory the plants used added to their adverse effects. We used an ethno botanical survey was conducted among 314 patients at the regional oncology center of Béni Mellal. The prevalence of use and the relative frequency of citation (RFC), the proportion of patients reporting this use and its adverse effects were measured. the prevalence of medicinal herbs use was 37.3% (n = 117). The citation relative frequency of plants ranged from 0.005 to 0.16. We found, also, 32 species belonging to 19 botanical families. Almost 90% (n = 102) of patients do not communicate this use and the most used plants are: Marrubium vulgare (16%), Ephedra alata (13%) and Juniperus oxycedrus (12%) Some plants seem toxic, in particular Juniperus oxycedrus used in a form of tar. The drug-plant interaction requires monitoring due to the lack of communication.

This article is devoted to the development and improvement of the creative thinking approach of foreign language learning, namely speaking process. In that sense, the authors of the given article consider creative thinking as method and technique of foreign language learning and means of communicative competence development. The authors also describe the estimation system of the given method and its content in a form of methodical algorithm and theoretical principles of foreign language learning using creative thinking as an approach. The aim of the given article to develop a new approach for better development of foreign language communication, especially in skills of speaking, to be based on unique thinking as a technique in learning. The authors of the given article also developed and presented notion called “creativization” as methodical and theoretical category in foreign language learning process comprising some theoretical aspects of the given foreign language learning approach including its own specifics and conceptual points described in the given article. Creativization is also described by the authors of the given article as a technique in foreign language learning especially concerning speaking. The notion “creativization” presents concept ideas and basic principles of creative thinking approach in foreign language learning in a form of several methodical principles and theoretical aspects.

The article considers the training method for teaching professionally oriented and intercultural communication. The use of training sessions during the study of educational topics in the classroom activates the students’ work, helps to consolidate the theoretical knowledge obtained, and motivates students for independent, collective, team work. There is no universally recognized classification of training. The article considers the division of training into three types: educational, personal, and professional. All these three types of training are used by the authors as the final stage of work on a certain topic. The work using the training method is described by the example of teaching students in the discipline “Professionally oriented foreign language”, which consists of two modules: professional communication and intercultural communication. The article provides examples of training in the first and second modules. In the first module, training helps to consolidate the so-called “flexible skills”, which cover the following topics: leadership, the ability to manage, criticize, resolve conflicts, speak publicly, persuade, negotiate, hold small-talk conversations, be a business person, learn from animals, birds, have business qualities of a leader. In the second module, students get acquainted with training on intercultural communication; learn to deal with people of other cultures, with the peculiarities of cultures, and with mistakes that can be made at the intercultural level.

The article explores the formation of intercultural communicative competence within the framework of the “real – virtual” dichotomy. The principal instrument of formation is the meaning crystallisation technique based on the material of media discourse as well as computer and art-specific types of discourse. The discourse is viewed as a complex structural and semantic formation, an axiological system that has a definite functional perspective; it represents itself as a domain for realisation of specific values or their facets depending on the situational context, as actualisation of interaction between textual structures and extra-linguistic factors. The discourse is based on the system of concepts relevant for intercultural communication. The concept is a totality of meanings representing an axiological category that is important within the space of a particular discourse. Language is social and pragmatic in its core; therefore, the substantive and semantic aspects of linguistic units are connected with socio-cultural factors, the ways of vision and comprehension of objects. The relevance of research in this sphere is determined by: 1) the growing interest in the problems of dialogue of cultures and intercultural communication; 2) the attention of researchers to the structural and semantic organisation of discursive spheres; 3) the specificity of communication types that have a significant impact on the social worldview; 4) the importance of identification and formation of axiological benchmarks in the society; 5) the features related with extension of the virtual interaction sphere. Crystallisation is principally a process in which interpretation is used to trace the semantic content of words that, in the context of thinking or art, becomes independent of the norm fixed by dictionary definitions. The study of crystallisation processes involves the analysis of concepts in terms of dialogue of cultures. Concepts are verbalised in accordance with the nature and uniqueness of material, spiritual and social culture, in close connection with linguistic and pragmatic components. The research results can be used in courses on foreign language teaching methodology, theory and practice of intercultural communication, discourse theory, stylistics, and interpretation of texts.

Research background: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of COVID-19 and its influence of modern man. The article analyses the processes in which the mechanisms of human interaction with the environment manifest themselves, as well as ways to address the destructive processes in the minds and behavior of modern man. Purpose of the article: In this article, from the point of view of philosophy, one of the most complex phenomena of the modern information age, is characterized, namely the modern stage of the human society in the context of pandemic is studied and analyzed. Methods: Theoretical interpretation of understanding of problem of interpersonal communication in the context of globalization and pandemic COVID-19 requires an integrated approach. The method of temporal analysis and the method of personalistic and ideal-typical reconstruction, a tool that is adequate to the author’s interpretation of social self-organization in the era of globalization as a process of constituting the temporal and ethical dominance of individuals and collectivities that formalize the integrity of the cultural epoch, will become the immediate, applied methodological basis. Findings &; Value added: Summing up our reflections, we can say that it is the flexibility, multiple variability in different behavioral situations tha is often the key to successful and efficient activity. On the contrary: constriction, resistance to the changing conditions and factors very often become an obstacle on the way to successful communication with the world around us.

Research background: Human resources are known as one of the key factors. Every enterprise can address many candidates with the right abilities, knowledge, and skills within a quality hiring process and thus achieve sufficient performance in a globally competitive environment and its constant changes. The quality of the hiring process depends on the correct choice of the method of communication during its implementation. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to empirically test whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of management of the occupied job position and the way of communication of the personnel department and the candidate. Methods: The input data, which were needed to test the hypothesis, were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in the enterprise. Before testing the hypothesis, it was necessary to create a contingency table and then perform a chi-square test, which confirmed the existence of a relationship between the two monitored variables. The strength of the dependence was tested using the Cramer's V contingency coefficient and included a test of its statistical significance, too. Findings & Value added: The contingency coefficient reached the value of 0.542, and, arguably, there is a medium dependence between the level of management of the occupied position and the way of communication of the personnel department and the candidate. It can be said that the contingency coefficient is statistically significant because the P-value is less than the significance level.

Research background: This paper highlights the evolution of the way we communicate, especially on how it accelerated to today’s means of communication, resulted as a secondary outcome of the actual covid19 pandemic. We try to elaborate on the evolution of the technology, from the primitive email to today’s Zoom meetings and others powerful tools of collaboration. Purpose of the article: Globalization although it has decelerated as a 21st century standalone tool, it had its powers and paths saved and restored by the use of communication technology that not only stepped up as a key player in the global IT&C market, but also it is pushed to new limits by the involvement of companies like Google and Amazon in pushing virtual meetings at the next level. Our study follows the journey of becoming a global and connected citizen in the 21st century by analyzing the macroeconomic perspective and also by creating an oversight on how the business concepts in the communication technology market will influence the next decade. Methods: The methods will consist of an analysis of the global environment of the IT&C companies and of the most tech-savvy economies. Findings & Value added: The key feature of this research is that it offers an elaborate plan on the next decade will look like in the field of communication from the technological and globalization perspective.

Research background: Currently, it is constantly increasing emphasis on the satisfaction of employees in the company. One way to satisfy them through internal marketing communication. Set them training according to their needs and interests and allow them to grow their career growth. It is also the provision of information on time at the required range and especially to be up to date. As a result, employees can perform their work efficiently and work to achieve the required result that the enterprise expects. It is necessary for this internal communication in the company took place both directions for many companies. It follows that finance inserted into education of employees; it will return to a business in an even greater range. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyses the use of the tools of the communication mix in the field of internal marketing communication of the selected company. Methods: SWOT analysis, Deduction, Comparison. Findings & Value added: Internal marketing communication in chosen company is on high level, according to analyzing tools and results of SWOT analysis. Added value is finding a level of internal marketing communication for company and creating some points for continuing in building quality internal marketing communication.

Research background: The adoption of the GDPR Regulation prompted the introduction of a unified regulation on the protection of personal data and highlighted the need to implement security measures relating to information disseminated across businesses operating in several mainly European countries. In practice, the adopted internal standards at the group level are expected to be introduced to the internal environment of individual local subsidiaries. The need to take into account specificities of national legal systems, as well as a specific environment capable of creating a secondary response - a groundswell has also became important. The legal framework of privacy protection in relation to the confidentiality of information disclosed by employers thus represents a fundamental challenge for the interaction between global requirements and local legislation, taking into account the specific assumptions of the business entity concerned. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to describe the range of problems and solutions regarding the process of introducing internal processes of business entities in terms of data security. Moreover, the paper also pays attention to personal data protection legislation. Methods: In an effort to achieve the set goal, the authors used analytical, inductive, deductive and comparative research methods in order to identify areas of problems in relation to intrusion into the privacy of individuals in the online environment and internal communication channels. By synthesising knowledge published in domestic and foreign literature it was possible to draw up the key terminology. Findings & Value added: The experience of the authors in setting up the internal environment of business entities with regard to the issues in question (personal data protection and security of information disclosed in connection with the decision-making power of national regulators) contributes to the knowledge in the given field.

Research background: Globalization not only benefits national and corporate companies, but also brings together a new threat in the form of new, as yet unexplored crises. A company that is economically connected with suppliers of foreign companies may find itself in a very unpleasant situation due to a global pandemic and may not meet its marketing goals. The article analyzes the given fact and looks for real starting points through greater involvement of modern communication technologies. Modern communication technologies can help with the growing negative impacts of global trade on national economies and society. It is possible to prevent conflict situations through communication activities and find compromise solutions to possible crises (COVID ´19). Purpose of the article: Based on analytical reasoning, the article attempts to find real ways to minimize the negative impacts of global trade on the needs and interests of national economies using modern digital communication technologies. Methods: The main methods used are structured analysis of real facts concerning the effects of globalization on national economic interests, cognitive description of facts, as well as methods of synthesis, logical and deductive procedures to examine communication paths leading to minimizing the effects of globalization on modern society. Findings & Value added: The article will present the causes of the selected crisis situation and provide general recommendations for mitigating the negative impacts of global trade on society and national economic interests.

Purpose: Teaching doctor-patient communication needs improvement, in the medical curriculum, both in terms of skill and attitudes. Objectives: The objectives were to describe and evaluate the students' interest in doctor-patient communication training, using teaching tools combining acting technics and simulation. Methods: Thirty-three medical students (fourth- and fifth-years) participated in these communication workshops starting with a theatrical approach and then a medical consultation simulation with standardized patients. Results: The majority of the students (92%) who participated at these workshops felt that the experience improved their skills and their know-how. Ninety-four percent validated the influence of these workshops on their future practice. Conclusion: This form of teaching using a theatrical approach and standardized patient, which embodies frequent or complex clinical problems, using video, student observers and debriefing between all the participants, gather a very strong adherence and a great benefit for the learners. The positive results of this experience encourage us to extend this teaching to all fourth- and fifth-year medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : The teaching of communication to medical students has long been neglected in France, in spite of its prominence in the qualifications specified by the university curriculum. The General Practice Department of the Faculty of Medicine at Paris Sud has implemented in 2014 a mandatory program on the three years curriculum medical of post-graduate specialized studies. This program includes theoretical courses and simulation exercises resting on role-playing. Goal: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the therapeutic communication program on first-year students, assess the appropriateness of the program and report student assessment of teaching. Methods: This quantitative study was carried out three months after the first training session. Students in first year were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire to assess their knowledge in therapeutic communication, their ability to the implementation in hospital practice and evaluation of this program. Results: Among the 78 students of first year 77 completed the survey. The mastery of theoretical knowledge in communication by students proved disappointing. However, three-quarter of the students felt comfortable in simulation exercises, noticed changes in their communication behavior at the end of this teaching, think they can incorporate these tools into their practices, and found this type of program helpful. Conclusion: At the end of the first of three teaching therapeutic communication sessions, important gaps in student knowledge remained. However, residents acknowledge a need and a willingness to take this type of training and apply the teachings in their future practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous controllers (such as: various brands of PLCs and microcontrollers), are existed in an automated system. This research propose a framework to integrate them by using NodeRed, an open source project to gather various devices and services in an IOT setting. The research framework was applied successfully in three cases: a smart home prototype for elderly, a smart door using face recognition method, and an automated system for multiple houses in separated locations.

This article explores the concept of corporate social responsibility in conjunction with the service-learning method. The focus of the exploration is a corporate social responsibility class which took place in Simokerto sub-village in Surabaya, Indonesia. The researcher used secondary analysis of the relevant documents from the Service-Learning program. The collaboration between the university's department of communication science, the World Vision Indonesia (WVI) Urban Surabaya that acted as the facilitator and provider of community and the students as the agents of service learning was enabled with an objective of the application of theories, an increased students' comprehension and benefits for the community itself. The findings of the research were highlighted in three aspects, first, the theories applied in the boundaries of the community's condition, having said that service-learning is a suitable method to cultivate the concept of CSR to Public Relations students. Second, the students experienced an increased comprehension from the active application of their knowledge and a changed in perception about others. Third, the active acceptance from the community and the role of the NGO enabled an uneventful service-learning program.

Managing stakeholders’ expectations and interests is key to a project’s success. So, identifying stakeholders at the beginning of the projects, recognizing and managing their needs and expectations will contribute to the creation of a suitable environment and be catalyst for success. This can be achieved through the establishment of appropriate and timely communication that meets the requirements of stakeholders. This includes providing the decision makers with the required data and receiving feedback to ensure alignment among project objectives and stakeholders expectations. This paper mentions one of the projects which neglected the proactive planning and management of stakeholder’s requirements that causes waste in time and resources and many issues that appear as a result of poor planning, and the lessons learned from it.

L’étiquetage et les allégations possibles pour les produits alimentaires ont fait l’objet de nombreuses évolutions en Europe depuis moins d’une dizaine d’années. Concernant la question du cholestérol, on peut noter tout d’abord que les attentes consommateurs ont naturellement évolué, en lien avec les différents messages de santé publique et les modifications du discours ambiant. Le contexte réglementaire s’est également considérablement contraint, en ouvrant cependant la possibilité à de nouveaux produits pour communiquer sur le cholestérol, sous réserve de respecter les conditions d’emploi de ces mentions et de composition des produits.

À partir des études en cours au CETIOM ou chez les partenaires de R&D du CETIOM, le cahier des charges pour la production d’oléagineux dans des systèmes de culture durables est analysé. L’évolution des programmes de R&D sur les oléagineux montre que les études mobilisent des compétences relevant de disciplines complémentaires et prennent de mieux en mieux en compte les effets systémiques. En ce qui concerne la vulgarisation des résultats auprès des agriculteurs, elle repose encore sur une communication de type « Top-Down », mais les réseaux d’agriculteurs sont de plus en plus sollicités pour contribuer à la mise au point et à la diffusion de systèmes de culture innovants.

The students generally use technology for communication in the European Union and outside of the Union. First of all we have to see in this research the ICT knowledge level of the students in the higher education to make decision about the application and retraining methods. It is important to know can we find any difference in ICT literacy between the Slovakian and the Serbian students to see how long is the way to finish the ICT revolution in these countries. On the other hand is it important to see which topic need more attention from the teachers in the high school to give a good knowledge for the student before they go in the higher education. We measured the ICT literacy level with a tool consisting of 15 items (Likert scaled). The data analysis was performed with SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test.

BAPNE Method is a method based on cognitive stimulation integrating music and movement through body percussion. The aim of this research is to explore its whole potential as a tool to build teams. Team building is a philosophy for work design, and since over two decades ago, it defends that obtaining a high performance and organizing efficiency is more useful to perceive employees as interdependent members in a team of work than individuals ones. From this viewpoint, this research advocates that BAPNE Method’s body percussion practice will have an impact on this vision of team work directly. For its own characteristics, body percussion stimulates ways of contact in movement, which ease social ties and, especially, promote group cohesion. Through social, body and, affective dimension; BAPNE Method is capable of developing a shared vision and a single aim, to stimulate team work identity and an atmosphere of trust; and finally, to improve individual communication and satisfaction levels in group tasks.

This research aimed to explore the effects of communication between student athletes and physical education teachers on competition success and motivation using the parameters such as sport branch, sex, age, and some other variables.The sample group was composed of 631 student athletes (471 male and 160 female) attending to secondary schools in Mardin. In order to gather data, “Success Motivation in Sport” Questionnaire developed by Tiryaki and Gödelek (1997), and “Trainers Communication Scale” developed by Abakay and Kuru (2009) were adapted to the students. In order to test data distribution, Kolmogorov-Simirnov test was used. As the data showed a normal distribution according to the ages and service period of the teachers (p=.000

Intercultural linguistics theoretically describes communicative principles which create the basis for intercultural communication. Languages serve as communicative tools and in the current globalized world they always exist in the context of other languages and cultures. Applied linguistics provides us with many theoretical and practical strategies for communication, however, the paper claims that it is the intercultural linguistics, as a new academic pursuit, which should and could provide us with more sophisticated tools for communication to succeed in the global village we live in.

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Avec l’explosion d’Internet, de nombreuses entreprises du secteur agro-alimentaire sont aujourd’hui amenées à faire face à des crises d’un genre nouveau qui voient le jour sur Internet, et qu’on appelle cybercrises. Pour les y aider, la société Startem, créée en 1994 et regroupant une soixantaine de consultants, propose aux entreprises de ce secteur des moyens afin de gérer au mieux ces crises. Ainsi, parmi d’autres activités, Startem recueille et analyse tout ce qui se dit ou s’écrit dans les médias sur chacun de ses clients, et ce dans 95 pays et 23 langues. De plus, Startem propose d’accompagner ses clients dans la gestion d’une crise en aidant, par exemple, à la mise en place de sites Internet/Intranet de crise.

Contexte: La communication médecin-patient est d'une importance capitale dans les soins de santé. Une bonne communication médecin-patient est reconnue pour avoir une influence positive sur la qualité des soins tant par la compréhension du diagnostic, l'adhérence au traitement, la résolution des symptômes et la satisfaction des patients. Objectifs: Valider un questionnaire et un processus d'évaluation de la communication médecin-patients et l'appliquer à trois groupes de médecins en exercice et à leurs patients. Méthode: Un questionnaire comprenant 19 items, basé sur le guide du Calgary-Cambridge, a été développé et validé par Campbell et al. en 2001. Ce questionnaire a été traduit et validé, puis soumis à un échantillon de médecins québécois en exercice et à leurs patients. Les mêmes items se retrouvent tant sur le questionnaire destiné aux médecins que celui administré aux patients. Les patients devaient remplir le questionnaire immédiatement après leur consultation médicale alors que les médecins devaient remplir leur questionnaire une seule fois à la fin de leur journée de consultation. La faisabilité a été évaluée en interviewant les assistants de recherche responsables de la cueillette des données et en analysant les réponses « non évaluable » de chacun des questionnaires. Les évidences sur la validité ont été obtenues par l'analyse factorielle. L'analyse d'items et l'analyse de la généralisabilité ont été utilisées afin d'évaluer la fiabilité de l'outil. Les médecins qui exerçaient en sans rendez-vous ont été séparés des médecins qui exerçaient avec rendez-vous. Une analyse a été faite quant à l'évaluation de la communication obtenue par les patients de celle faite par auto-évaluation de leurs médecins selon le sexe du médecin, le nombre d'années d'exercice et le type de pratique. Résultats: L'échantillon final consistait en 91 médecins: 33 médecins de famille avec leur propre clientèle (avec rendez-vous), 27 médecins de famille exerçant en sans rendez-vous et 31 médecins spécialistes exerçant auprès de nouvelles clientèles ou auprès des patients en suivi. Au total 1224 patients ont rempli leur questionnaire. Les 3 assistants de recherche ont énoncé des difficultés à recruter les patients. Le taux de réponses « non évaluable » est à 30% pour 5 items au questionnaire. La validité interne est à 0,70 pour le alpha de Crohnback. L'analyse de généralisabilité pour le coefficient G est à 0,69 avec 15 patients, la moyenne des patients ayant consulté chaque médecin. Vingt-sept patients par médecin seraient le nombre raisonnable afin d'obtenir un coefficient G de 0,80. Patients et médecins sont d'accord pour énoncer que la communication est moins satisfaisante lorsqu'elle se déroule au sans rendez-vous. Aucun lien significatif n'a été observé pour l'auto-évaluation des médecins selon le sexe ou leur nombre d'années d'exercice. Les médecins s'auto-évaluaient un peu plus sévèrement que leurs patients. Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude prouvent l'efficacité, la validité et la fiabilité de cette approche pour évaluer la communication médecin-patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contexte: La communication joue un rôle central pour les professions médicales. Elle influence l'adhérence thérapeutique et les coûts de la santé. Depuis 2011, la Suisse a un examen national de fin de formation de médecine qui évalue les compétences cliniques et communicationnelles à l'aide d'un examen clinique objectif structuré (ECOS). La communication est évaluée à l'aide d'une « grille critériée », comprenant quatre dimensions génériques (1, 2). Les résultats montrent une forte « cohérence interne » de ces quatre dimensions (Alpha de Cronbach 0,88 à 0,91 (3)). Cependant une faible discrimination entre les quatre items nous a incité à explorer des mesures d'amélioration (3). Malheureusement la littérature ne propose pas de modèle de référence pour une évaluation de la communication dans le contexte d'un examen sanctionnant (4). Objectif: Ainsi nous avons organisé un symposium avec des experts suisses et internationaux afin de discuter comment les différents éléments d'un ECOS devraient être structurés afin d'évaluer au mieux les compétences communicationnelles. Méthode: Un symposium de deux jours a été organisé en 2016, en présence de quatre experts internationaux en communication et 25 experts suisses, provenant de chacune des cinq facultés de médecine et travaillant dans les domaines de la communication ou de la pédagogie médicale. Organisés en quatre groupes de travail trois questions leurs ont été soumises: - Est-ce que l'actuelle grille critériée est adaptée? - La conception et le contenu des stationsECOS doivent-ils être adaptés? - Comment améliorer la formation des évaluateurs? Les présentations et les discussions en plénière ont été enregistrées en vidéo et étaient disponibles pour l'analyse thématique. Résultats: Concernant la conception des stations ECOS: - Chaque ECOS devrait inclure des stations « somatiques » incluant des défis de communication sous forme de « cues and concerns » (indices et problèmes); - La conception de ce type de station devrait se faire en collaboration entre experts en communication et cliniciens; - Chaque ECOS devrait également inclure des stations avec des techniques spécifiques de communication (par ex. annonce de mauvaise nouvelle, entretien motivationnel, partage de décision); - Un équilibre doit être cherché entre l'authenticité du jeu de rôle (qui implique une certaine liberté de réaction de la part du PS en fonction de l'attitude du candidat) et la nécessite de standardisation. Concernant la grille d'évaluation: - Se concentrer sur les résultats observables d'une bonne communication (par ex. « le patient est rassuré ») plutôt que sur l'adhérence à un modèle de communication spécifique; - S'assurer qu'au-delà des critères génériques la grille d'évaluation tient compte des éventuels éléments spécifiques testés dans une station donnée; - Concernant l'évaluation des réactions des étudiants aux cues il serait bénéfique de fournir aux examinateurs des exemples concrets de réponses « adaptées, intermédiaires et inadaptées »; - Afin de familiariser les examinateurs et les étudiants avec le système de notation il faudrait utiliser la même grille d'évaluation tout au long des études de médecine. Conclusion: En absence de données claires dans la littérature, le symposium international a permis de proposer des stratégies d'amélioration de l'évaluation de la communication dans le contexte d'un ECOS sanctionnant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contexte et problématique: Depuis 2013, les différentes facultés du pôle santé de l'université Libre de Bruxelles ont mis sur pied des séminaires de formation à la pratique interprofessionnelle. Les étudiants concernés sont ceux qui terminent leurs études en médecine, pharmacie, kinésithérapie, ostéopathie et santé publique, auxquels se sont ajoutés en 2014 les étudiants en soins infirmiers de la HELB. Au total, 600 étudiants sont concernés. Description: Chaque étudiant participe à 2 séminaires organisés en sous-groupes pluridisciplinaires. Les objectifs visés sont: connaître le travail effectué par les autres professionnels, comprendre l'intérêt de chaque discipline dans le cadre d'une prise en charge interdisciplinaire et communiquer entre acteurs des différentes disciplines. Les étudiants organisés en sous-groupes multidisciplinaires de 8 ou 9 échangent autour de cas cliniques. Lors du premier séminaire, ils sont amenés à expliquer aux autres participants les spécificités de leur métier au travers du cas étudié. Le second séminaire exige de chaque groupe d'élaborer de manière collaborative un projet de prise en charge du patient. Chacun des séminaires se termine par une séance plénière qui vise à synthétiser les apprentissages réalisés. Évaluation: Chaque année le dispositif est évalué par un pré-test et un post-test et par un questionnaire de satisfaction. Voici en quelques lignes le bilan de ces quatre dernières années, ce qui a bien fonctionné et ce que nous pouvons encore améliorer. Ce qui fonctionne bien: - l'intégration aux cursus des étudiants dans des unités d'enseignement existantes; - le travail en deux étapes, avec des objectifs plus complexes (connaître les autres, puis collaborer); - l'animation par des enseignants issus des différentes disciplines représentées; - la création d'un guide à destination des étudiants reprenant les consignes, le calendrier...; - l'utilisation de la plateforme d'apprentissage en ligne pour communiquer avec l'ensemble des étudiants et évaluer le dispositif; - l'organisation d'une séance de préparation pour les étudiants en santé publique; - le focus sur les rôles et fonctions, puis sur la collaboration lors des synthèses (et non la résolution clinique de la vignette); - l'intégration de nouveaux participants, en sciences infirmières, et bientôt assistants sociaux; - la participation de quelques patients partenaires lors du deuxième séminaire. Ce qui peut encore être amélioré: - l'évaluation des apprentissages via le pré-test et post-test; - l'évaluation de l'impact des séminaires sur le développement des compétences (long terme); - les outils, traces et pistes concrètes laissées aux étudiants; - la mise en place d'un réel partenariat avec des patients formateurs, sélectionnés et formés. Résultats: Une formation à la collaboration interprofessionnelle est de plus en plus indispensable pour les futurs acteurs de notre système de santé. Le dispositif mis en place, évalué chaque année par les différents acteurs, a beaucoup évolué en 4 ans. Les séminaires atteignent un taux élevé de satisfaction. Malgré ça, le corps enseignant souhaite encore améliorer les séminaires en y développant le partenariat patient (Pomey, 2015). Il s'agira donc, dès l'année prochaine, de recruter et former des patients formateurs qui seront impliqués dans l'entièreté du dispositif (préparation, animation et évaluation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contexte/problématique : Le modèle de l'apprentissage par compétence nécessite l'utilisation d'outils d'évaluation qui renseignent valablement sur le niveau atteint ou en cours d'acquisition parmi les 3 niveaux décrits en France au plan national, (novice, intermédiaire et compétent) durant le diplôme d'étude spécialisée (DES) de médecine générale (MG). Objectifs/questions : L'objectif principal est double : déterminer les attributs d'un interne de niveau « novice » pour la compétence : « relation, communication, approche centrée sur le patient » et les comparer avec les hypothèses du groupe national d'experts ayant travaillé sur les niveaux de compétence en MG. L'objectif secondaire est de repérer des moments déterminants de développement de ce niveau. Méthodes : Trois focus groups ont été réalisés auprès d'internes débutant leur DES de médecine générale. Ils ont été retranscrits puis ont fait l'objet d'une analyse thématique avec triangulation des données, tout d'abord sans grille de lecture prédéterminée, puis avec la grille de lecture créée à partir des conclusions du groupe national d'experts. Résultats : La communication du novice se limite aux explications et la recherche du consentement n'est pas systématique. Il identifie des situations difficiles du point de vue communi-cationnel pour lesquelles il élabore quelques stratégies afin de pallier ses difficultés, sans avoir le recul pour les résoudre. Le niveau concernant le non-verbal est hétérogène, probablement en rapport avec différents niveaux d'introspection. Le novice est apparu plus avancé que prévu dans la maîtrise de certaines composantes notamment pour la communication envers les intervenants et l'entourage du patient, alors que certaines connaissances théoriques attendues ne sont pas intégrées. Discussion/conclusion : Cette étude originale a permis de valider les hypothèses du groupe national d'experts et d'ébaucher une description des attributs du niveau novice pour cette compétence. Ce travail sera complété par une étude sur les traces écrites d'apprentissage sur le même sujet. Ses implications sont importantes pour adapter la formation en deuxième et troisième cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]