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Early severe stresses are known to affect the biological and psychological development in childhood. Good and adaptable stress during prenatal and early postnatal period can switch to traumatic during these highly susceptible developmental stages. These different stresses modulate genetic/epigenetic processes and the setting up of connectome during these highly plastic and adaptable time periods. The polyvagal processes control the base of the security/well-being perception of the newborn by the onset of synchronized interactions between the mother/parent/nurse and the baby. These positive adjustments in mirror lead to attachment and social links and to implicit learning processes leading to a balanced emotional and cognitive development., (© 2023 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

In this article, we focus on Biblical stories and, within them, on the connection between emotions and bodily sensations. We use a cognitive theory of emotions, which understands emotions as based on value judgments. The focus is on stories involving conflict in which emotions, including bodily sensations, are key to conflict resolution and to the orientation toward moral action. In the Bible, emotions play a multifaceted role. They are a natural and essential part of the human experience and of the relationship between man and God. This paper argues that bodily sensations are the building blocks of emotions or play an important role in the formation of emotions. A theology of emotions contributes to an understanding of this aspect of the body that is related to our emotions. The paper shows the hermeneutical potential of these stories for understanding emotions as embodied cognition and their relevance for morality.

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Copyright of L'Année de la Recherche en Sciences de l'Education is the property of L'Harmattan Edition Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Signata is the property of Presses Universitaires de Liege and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to review research regarding the possibilities of using machine translation in order to translate literary texts. Based on previous research, the paper will look at problems that were identified, related to the lexical, structural and pragmatic levels, analysing reasons for these errors. The paper will draw a comparison between machine translation and human translation in terms of cognitive understanding and accuracy of interpretation of literary texts. Features of literary texts will also be taken into account in order to draw the appropriate conclusions of human and machine translator possibilities of understanding these texts.

An appraisal mission regarding the repair of physical injury is based on the classification of the effects of injury and scales. These scales are surprisingly incomplete concerning the symptoms due to a right hemisphere injury. However, these symptoms can cause an important handicap in numerous activities, social, affective and professional. This paper reviews the recent functional anatomic knowledge of the right hemisphere functions, visuo-spatial cognition, intentional process and social cognition. The impacts of this appraisal data, as well as suggestions for new scales, are outlined., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Brain metastases represent the first cause of malignant brain tumor. Without radiation therapy, prognosis was poor with fast neurological deterioration, and a median overall survival of one month. Nowadays, therapeutic options depend on brain metastases presentation, extra brain disease, performance status and estimated prognostic (DS GPA). Therefore, for oligometastatic brain patients with a better prognosis, this therapeutic modality is controversial. In fact, whole-brain radiation therapy improves neurological outcomes, but it can also induce late neuro-cognitive sequelae for long-term survivors of brain metastases. Thus, in this strategy for preserving good cognitive functions, stereotactic radiation therapy is a promising treatment. Delivering precisely targeted radiation in few high-doses in one to four brain metastases, allows to reduce radiation damage to normal tissues and it should allow to decrease radiation-induced cognitive decline. In this paper, we will discuss about therapeutic strategies (radiation therapy and surgery) with their neuro-cognitive consequences for brain metastases patients and future concerning preservation of cognitive functions., (Copyright © 2016 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The representation of numbers is assumed to interact with two visuo-motor functions. On the one hand, following the observation that children often use their fingers to learn the counting sequence and basic arithmetic operations, numbers were assumed to interact with finger movements. On the other hand, following the recurrent observation that small numbers are preferentially associated with the left side of space while large numbers are preferentially associated with the right side of space, numbers were assumed to interact with space. In this paper, we will examine the role vision plays in shaping these interactions between fingers and numbers and between numbers and space. To this aim, different experiments with blind and sighted people will be detailed. The role of developmental vision on the development of the finger-numeral representation will first be examined. Then we will investigate the influence of developmental vision on the visuo-spatial representation of numbers., (© 2016 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

Copyright of Revue Education et Socialisation is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we discuss the notion of a semantic continuum at the boundary between epistemic and perception lexemes. We provide arguments against a unitary conception that is evident behind certain terminological practices using appellations that may mislead because they tend to erase the difference between perception and cognition in the case of certain uses of the French verbs voir 'see' and sentir 'feel'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ability to project the self forward in time to pre-experience personal events is referred to as episodic future thinking. Different theories have been proposed to try to explain the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying episodic future thinking. In this paper we focus on studies concerning the episodic prospection capacity in cognitive aging and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia. Older adults usually produce fewer episodic details than young adults when recalling past events and when imagining future events. Patients with early to moderate Alzheimer's disease have impaired capacity in the generation of episodic details for retrieved past events and imagined future events. Similarly patients with early to moderate semantic dementia have difficulties in episodic future thinking whereas they succeed to retrieve episodic past events. These patterns are discussed with regard to the respective role of the episodic and personal semantic representations in future personal thoughts as a function of temporal distance by purposing a new neurocognitive model (TEDIFT).

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research in linguistics/pragmatics can be carried out using different methodologies. Clark and Bangerter (2004) for instance mention three ways that they refer to as “armchair”, “field” and “laboratory” research. These designations refer to the location where the linguist/pragmatician undertakes her research; the researcher can remain seated in her armchair and rely on her own intuitions, or move to the very location where data can be collected in natural settings, that is in a particular field, or else in the laboratory where empirical studies are carried out and data retrieved from suitable informants. This paper is an attempt at demonstrating that TV series could be perceived as rich enough to combine these three types of research: they can serve as a laboratory of their own kind that enables the observer to investigate how people’s interactions are represented in a field or and all this while developing in-depth theoretical armchair research.For the pragmatician, TV series are ideal objects on which pragmatic theories can be applied and tested. But the objective of this article is to show how TV series can also contribute to new epistemological avenues of research within the field of pragmatics. The Science Fiction series Humans (Channel 4 2015-2018) is used as case study. This article first shows how Humans can be interesting in its pragmatic staging of humanoid language which by contrast foregrounds the specificities of human language. Second, it demonstrates to what extent pragmatic knowledge can help us make sense of the series before evincing how Humans incites us to consider a renewed pragma-enactive approach to human communication.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current paper investigates denominal verbs through an experiment testing how native Romanian adult speakers prefer to use and understand semi-artificial denominal (non-existent) verbs (SAD verbs) created from existing nouns, such as a cireşi ‘to cherry’ or a vulpi ‘to fox’. Regarding sentence production, speakers generally prefer to use SAD verbs in intransitive frames and with animate subjects. Regarding interpretation, speakers prefer to associate the nouns/ nominal roots SAD verbs derive from with typical activities/states/ behavior, in line with Kiparsky’s (1997) Canonical Use Constraint. Moreover, speakers mostly paraphrase animal and human role SAD verb classes through ‘behave/become like N’ paraphrases, while paraphrasing fruits/vegetables and object SAD verb classes by directly combining typical activities/changes-of-state with N. We provide a mixed cognitive-structural account, arguing that the literal interpretation obtains when the light verb merges with the noun, and the figurative interpretation obtains when the light verb merges with the noun-like root, and that the frequency of the interactions between humans and (in)animate entities and the naturalness of a comparison between them determine the type of interpretation.

The paper begins with a brief characterization of the function of types in the process of perception before discussing their different possible degrees of generality. Some similarities in the function of habits and types are then thematized, similarities based on the fact that each is the compact result of some set of prior experiences. Following these clues, both parallels and important differences between types and concepts are discussed. The second part of the paper investigates the function of types in the perception of concrete objects, the arousal of types in sensibility and the ongoing competition of different types striving for fulfillment. It is shown that the selection, collection, interpretation, and synthesis of sensible elements in perception are guided by the pre-knowledge that is sedimented in types. In the third part some very basic forms of cognition are shown to be based on the use of a type in a new cognitive context. Finally, a close connection is drawn between Hume’s investigation of association and habit and Husserl’s concept of types.

Just as every culture is autonomous in the creation of its social values, it is likewise self-governing in the creation of customs and beliefs that define it. Some of those self-defining creeds are strongly entrenched in the use of language and communication. When an American executive places his/her feet on the desk, the message of authority and relaxation that is being sent is readily understood, while the same gesture in an Arabic country would have a totally different implication, one of disdain and insult. Such implications can be culture specific or culture ubiquitous. To better illustrate the dichotomy, it would be useful to recall Grice’s views on the efficiency of communication as being dependent on adherence to four maxims. In his portentous article ‘Logic and Conversation’ (1975), he shows that prudence and intellect empower human kind in an obliging way to successfully generate and construe messages that are sent via conversational implicatures. This paper aims to explore the fine line that balances these two facets within the realm culture and translation.

The paper provides a compact discussion of some of the relationships obtaining between content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and some of the underpinnings of human cognition. The paper starts with a short description of a personal reminiscence from the author’s school days, and uses this as an empirically based introduction to the notion of content and language integrated learning. The author specifically suggests that there are a number of cognitively motivated reasons for adopting a CLIL approach on a number of teaching missions. First, the approach is based to a notable extent on the explicit use of concepts, which in turn are essential to any attempt at clarifying or even explaining various phenomena in the language-external world. Secondly, the CLIL approach also seems to be compatible with and supported by much of the motivation for what is commonly known as the constructivist notion of teaching, that is, the idea that the type of successful long-term learning which results in profound understanding of the world is inherently dependent on the view that students should be made active participants in the process of acquiring knowledge and not be allowed to play the part of a passive recipient in a teaching situation. Finally, the CLIL approach also makes it clear why certain analogies between the human brain and a regular computer do not necessarily hold by making it explicit that learning processes crucially involve both the possibility and the need to change, including the possibility of forgetting things, which is demonstrably beyond the capabilities of present-day computers.

The proposal of Cognition and the Built Environment (MØYSTAD, 2017) is that architecture is a basic mode of human cognition. The production as well as the use of our environment is a cognitive process in and of itself. Building human environment relates to and is informed by the prior built environment. One of Christopher Alexander’s observations (1987) was that “building cities” actually means changing cities. Project by project. This insight carries implications for how we understand architecture, for how we understand the human brain and for how they interact. This paper will outline (1) the interaction between some spatial and morphological properties of the built environment on one hand, and (2) some of the recently discovered properties of the brain on the other, which seem to mirror similar properties of the external environment. Based on these two sets of properties I will then (3) make a brief discussion of some theories that seem to suggest an outline, not complete but still useful, of the cognitive relationship between (1) and (2).

Résumé Les métastases cérébrales ont un impact sur la survie des patients mais également sur leur qualité de vie. L’objectif de la prise en charge est donc double. Actuellement, en raison des progrès thérapeutiques, les survies des patients tendent à s’allonger, en particulier pour certains sous-types tumoraux. Au cours de l’évolution de la maladie, différents signes et symptômes neurologiques peuvent être rencontrés en fonction de la localisation, du nombre et du volume des lésions métastatiques. La perte d’autonomie et les troubles cognitifs sont particulièrement redoutés par les patients et leur entourage. Un dialogue permanent, tout au long de la maladie, est nécessaire afin d’adapter la prise en charge aux objectifs fixés avec le patient, en fonction des taux de réponse objectifs aux traitements oncologiques et du retentissement de la maladie et de sa prise charge dans le quotidien du patient. Les traitements ayant une pertinence clinique seront ceux considérés comme les plus appropriés au regard de leur impact sur la survie globale, de leur capacité à préserver l’indépendance fonctionnelle et à maintenir la qualité de vie, de leur capacité à contrôler et à prévenir l’apparition de nouveaux symptômes et signes neurologiques et de leurs effets secondaires. Les traitements et soins de support, la cognition et la qualité de vie doivent ainsi être régulièrement évalués et adaptés à la prise en charge des patients atteints de métastases cérébrales. Les différentes approches sont décrites dans cet article. Brain metastases impact on the survival of the patients, but on their quality of life as well. The objective of the management of these patients is then double. Currently, due to medical advances, survivals tend to improve, especially for some tumor subtypes. During the course of the disease, different neurological signs and symptoms can be observed according to the location, the number and the volume of the metastase(s). Patients and caregivers are especially worried about the loss of autonomy and cognitive impairments. A permanent dialogue, during the course of the disease, is mandatory, in order to adapt the management to the objectives determined by the patients and the medical team. These objectives may vary according to the objective response rates of the disease to anticancer therapies, according to the impact of the disease and its management in daily living. Anticancer therapies and supportive care must be appreciated according to their impact on the survival, on the preservation of the functional independence and the quality of life of the patient, on their abilities to preserve the neurological status and delay the apparition of new neurological signs and symptoms, and their adverse events. Supportive care, cognition and quality of life should be regularly evaluated and adapted according to the objectives of the management of brain metastases patients. Different approaches are described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review of the book On the Metaphysical Cognition by Stanisław Kamiński, one of the founders of the Lublin School of Philosophy (Poland) which refers to the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition. The book consists of a selection of Kamiński’s five articles devoted to the specificity of metaphysical cognition. According to the author, Kamiński’s book is not only a unique contribution to the understanding of cognition in classical metaphysics, but also a valuable reading suggestion for all interested in the general methodology of sciences and philosophy.

The present paper, in spite of the difficulties to be foreseen, intends to lead a comparative discussion on some theoretical propositions, in particular typological ones, that have been developed according to distinct methods around two different objects: on the one hand, the mental states (intentions, desires, emotions...) that philosophy, now backed by psychology, labels and discerns; on the other hand, the modalities (alethic, epistemic, deontic...) described by linguistics. It seems plausible indeed that the association of the notion of will and the verb to want, or of the notion of belief and the verb to believe, to mention only the most obvious cases, leads to overlapping interests between the philosophical approach of mental states and the linguistic and semiotic approach of modalities. Three authors will guide this discussion: linguist Laurent Gosselin, phenomenological philosopher Uriah Kriegel and semiotician Jacques Fontanille. The presentation of their respective models will reveal two common grounds: first, the way in which each of these theoretical models integrates as a typological differentiator that very thing from which its object differs, namely, a “world” contained or represented in mental states as in modalities; second, the appeal to a certain “presence”, which, however equivocal or problematic the notion may be, seems essential when it comes to accounting for differences between the types of object considered.

The present paper aims to draw attention to a model of streamlining academic learning. The model is based on a holistic approach to learning, taking into account the following directions: a) boosting the student's motivation for undertaking responsibility and engagement in the learning process; b) training and development of cognitive and metacognitive abilities; c) learning through situated parctice and cooperation. The motivational dimension is deeply involved in the learning activity, success being engendered not by constraints, but by the stimulation and maintenance of the intrinsic motivation, of the mindset, of the responsible attitude. The proposed model is intended to be a starting point in the direction of developing students' competence to learn autonomously, with the training (meta) cognitive skills and motivational-attitudinal support at the core of this approach

Cognitive Linguistics is an important approach to language and cognition that gives relevant arguments and theses on topics related to these subject matters. On the other hand, the mental models theory is a psychological reasoning theory that also offers interesting experimental results consistent with its general ideas about these very topics. This paper is intended to look for connections between these two frameworks in order to show that, at least in principle, they are not contradictory, can be assumed at the same time and can support each other. This will be demonstrated mainly by means of an example linked to the differentiation between sentential and morphological negations and the way it can be addressed from the two approaches.

Many studies agree on the positive influence of green spaces on the quality of life of city dwellers. While there is a growing awareness of the diversity of uses of green spaces in relation to the well-being they provide, the role of the green environment itself has so far attracted little attention. This paper therefore aims at a better understanding of the links between the green environment (the structures of space), the respondents' feelings (the cognitive structures) and the values associated with this environment (the social structures). It explores suitable methods for collecting socio-cognitive representations of the vegetal space. Our approach consists in transforming city dwellers into "reflexive inhabitants", by proposing to them to stroll along an urban route, take photographs and comment on them using a digital tool (by delivering their feelings, the values attributed, etc.). Several types of routes are offered (central vs. peripheral districts, etc.) in order to test different degrees of integration of the planted space into the landscape. We formulate the hypothesis that the following elements influence positively the feelings: the importance of the views on the vegetation (perspectives...), the "small vegetation" (flowerpot...), the good knowledge of the places visited, the habit of a proximity to nature via one's place of residence, one's geographical origins or the practice of gardening... Conversely, negative feelings are more related to an environment that clashes with the vegetation (noise, waste, etc.) than to specific vegetation. And finally, the large size of the planted areas does not imply that they are seen or appreciated. This article does not (yet) provide analytical results, but proposes a survey protocol for collecting individual or collective representations of the planted space in urban environments.

An intellectual view of philosophy as an activity focusing on understanding abstract concepts and their relationships deprives philosophical exercise of the participation of the body and senses. If we reject the mind-body dualism, as Dewey, Johnson, etc. did, then we are constantly engaged in interactions with the world and others, and can thus consider the act of thinking from our own experiences. Inspired by an experimentalist conception of school and life, as well as the method of inquiry developed by Dewey, the Philosophy for Children program provides an inquiry process that invites participants to conceptualize and reason philosophically in a collaborative manner. Do these practices implement an embodied cognition? To find out, we selected a discussion as a case study and analyzed it based on the observation that the issue to be discussed by the participants - "where do thoughts come from?" contains two image schemas: path (come from) and source (where). We have noted a variety and a significant number of expressions ("they come from within", "they come from what happens outside", etc.) whose analysis enhances a better understanding of how an experience of understanding the origins of our thoughts fits into the discourse and contributes to a collective conceptualization of "thinking". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I used methods specific to cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in solving a case of depressive-anxiety disorder with panic attacks. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a form of problemfocussed psychotherapy, with obvious results centred on ameliorating or curing neuropsychotic (nervous diseases) or psychosomatic symptoms (relating to the mental origin of certain diseases). After a nine-seat sessions, the patient’s condition is greatly improved, panic attacks decreased as frequency and intensity. I have noticed in my patient’s evolution that depressive symptomatology has been reduced by reducing the anxiety symptoms. I told him that there might be panic attacks, but that this is irrelevant to the idea of reoccurrence of the anxiety disorder. It is good to interpret the possible panic attack as an event from which to learn something - to analyze it, to think about what it has caused.

This paper proposes a reflection on the argumentative effects of metaphor, from the overall perspective of Cognitive Linguistics. The focus is on the way in which a given cognitive-discursive orientation can be approached in this area of ​​study, which contemplates the interweaving between the cognitive and discursive dimensions of metaphorical language. To explore this goal, we have analyzed a corpus formed by internet memes and metaphor niches about teaching and education, in which figurative language is characterized by situated metaphors, intertwined with frames and conceptual metaphors. The analysis seeks to identify the elements of the online dimension of cognition (vehicles and situated metaphors) and those of the off-fline dimension: conceptual metaphors and underlying frames. The results seem to corroborate the hypothesis that the cognitive-discursive thread woven by the articulation between stable and unstable instances of cognition conducts, with clear rhetorical force, a certain way of looking at the target domain, according to the intended point-of-view

Research in primate cognition improves our understanding of the evolutionary history of these mental abilities. Large samples from a wide diversity of species are essential to achieve such objectives. However, research on primate cognition usually suffers from very small samples limited to a handful of species, which prevents reliable evolutionary inferences. The ManyPrimates project offers to overcome some of these problems by providing a large-scale collaborative framework for comparative studies on primate cognition. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this consortium has already produced a pilot study on short-term memory gathering one of the largest, i.e. 176 individuals, and most diverse, i.e. twelve species from eleven different sites, primate samples to date. Other projects on short-term memory, inhibitory abilities and on inference by exclusion are in progress on large and diverse data sets and represent exciting opportunities to answer still open questions on the origin of the extraordinary cognitive abilities of primates. This paper describes these projects but also the coordination and communication of this collaborative infrastructure and the different ways to contribute to it.

The ability to write correctly is one of the objectives of teaching / learning a foreign language. Nevertheless, developing this skill is not easy as learners face cognitive problems. Indeed, the writing process involves, for the students, a complex activity which supposes not only the control of the language on the lexical, orthographic, syntactic level, but also the setting up of writing strategies. In this study, conducted with about fifteen Algerian high school students, we will identify and describe the various strategies deployed in writing. This is what we will try to demonstrate in this paper. At first sight, the results of our survey are not reassuring if we take into account the exit profile considering autonomy for these students as a goal to be achieved.

This paper deals with visual argumentation, a recent field of study, still little known to visual semioticians, which analyzes the possibility of arguing through images. I present some of the guiding principles in the field, which makes it possible to better approach the relationship between image and knowledge. If we conceive of argumentation as the fact of giving a set of reasons to support or refute a given claim, then visual argumentation is possible, and it obviously entails a production of knowledge. The link between visual argumentation and proposition is also discussed, leading to the conclusion that it is not necessary for images to be propositional in order to be argumentative. The relationship between visual argumentation and visual semiotics is considered on the basis of Eco’s excellent intuitions in La struttura assente, which are extended, in particular towards the importance of topoi and enthymemes, though the analysis of political engravings.

Copyright of Signata is the property of Presses Universitaires de Liege and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been the dominant acyl component of the membrane phosphoglycerides in neural signaling systems since the origin of the eukaryotes. In this paper, we propose, this extreme conservation, is explained by its special electrical properties. Based on the Pauli Exclusion Principle we offer an explanation on how its six methylene interrupted double-bonds provide a special arrangement of π-electrons that offer an absolute control for the precision of the energy of the signal. Precision is not explained by standard concepts of ion movement or synaptic strengthening by enhanced protein synthesis. Yet precision is essential to visual acuity, truthful recall and the exercise of a dedicated neural pathway. Concept: Synaptic membranes have been shown to actively incorporate DHA with a high degree of selectivity. During a learning process, this biomagnification will increase the proportion of membrane DHA with two consequential neuronal and synaptic enhancements which build into a David Marr type model of the real world: DHA induced gene expression resulting in enhanced protein synthesis; increased density of π-electrons which could provide memory blocks and provide for the preferential flow of a current in neural pathways. Proposal: Both the above imply memory from synaptic strengthening. We propose memory is achieved by the activation of neuronal synaptic activation with synaptic turnover resulting in enhanced membrane DHA, which in turn induces gene expression, protein synthesis and π-electron density. Repetition amplifies the process activating synapses, which form a matrix representing the memory. The electro-chemical potentials then fire the electrons as electromagnetic waves via the six methylene interrupted double bonds. These allow transmission at a specific energy level based on their quantum mechanical properties providing the precision required for faithful recall. It is difficult to conceive of protein synthesis alone providing for precision. Using the principle of the dual properties of photons and electrons we develop the idea of complex wave patterns representing the visual or auditory fields. These are likely to be non-computable. We suggest that harmonization of the electromagnetic waves can result in cohesion explaining recall and associations. The cohesion of electromagnetic flow leads to a surge above the resting level, which is recognized by the brain as, demonstrated in artificial, electrical stimulus during neurosurgery.

Beyond the usual conception of Johann Nikolaus Tetens as the “German Locke”, this paper wants to reassess the distinctive German context of the empiricist reference in the Essay on the Reform of the Speculative Philosophy (1775) and in the Philosophical Essays on Human Nature and Its Development (1777). This move shows that Tetens delivers a critical view of the empiricist philosophy and refuses to conflate the activity of the understanding and the passivity of the sensibility; he produces for that purpose a highly original philosophy of human cognition which gives a pivotal place to the autonomous productions of the imagination and the understanding.

Copyright of Ekphrasis (2067-631X) is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Theatre & Television and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Description. Devenir parent implique plusieurs défis quotidiens, particulièrement pour les parents ayant des incapacités physiques et cognitives. Néanmoins, aucun outil d’évaluation n’existe pour soutenir les ergothérapeutes dans l’évaluation de l’indépendance à prendre soin d’un bébé. But. Cette étude visait à (a) développer des activités spécifiques à l’évaluation des habiletés parentales auprès de bébés à l’intérieur du Profil des AVQ et (b) réaliser une étude pilote pour explorer les besoins des parents avec incapacités. Méthodologie. Les activités ont été sélectionnées par une approche participative avec des ergothérapeutes experts (n = 3) et l’évaluation a été expérimentée auprès de parents (n = 4) avec incapacités physiques et cognitives. Résultats. Six activités parentales ont été développées et celles-ci ont permis de conclure sur l'indépendance d’un parent à prendre soin de son bébé. Conséquences. Par l’ajout d’activités parentales, le Profil des AVQ a le potentiel d’outiller les ergothérapeutes dans leurs recommandations reliées au rôle de parent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Basic research and epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) against age-related cognitive decline. However, most randomized controlled trials with LC n-3 PUFA supplements have yielded disappointing results on cognitive outcomes in older persons. One explanation for this discrepancy may be an inadequate targeting of potential beneficiaries of LC n-3 PUFA according to their Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. The aim of this paper was to examine the potential modifying effect of APOE genotype on LC n-3 PUFA metabolism and its relation to cognitive decline in older persons. At least five epidemiological studies and three intervention studies with LC n-3 PUFA supplements have found an interaction between LC n-3 PUFA and APOE genotype on cognition. However, the direction of the effect is inconsistent across studies: the impact of LC n-3 PUFA on cognition is stronger in APOE4 carriers (the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease) in some studies, but conversely stronger in APOE4 non-carriers in other studies. These discordant results may be explained by different age groups, cognitive status, measures of cognition, or amounts of DHA intake across studies. Experimental studies suggest that the APOE4 genotype modifies the metabolism of DHA. The APOE genotype should be systematically taken into account and interactions tested in epidemiological and intervention studies with LC n-3 PUFA. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this gene X diet interaction.

In my paper, I defend an interpretation according to which Aristotle thinks in Nicomachean Ethics (EN) that the rational aspect of soul is needed in discerning which ends of desire would be good. Many interpreters have traditionally supported this, ‘rationalist’ line of interpreting Aristotle’s theory of value cognition.The rationalist interpretation has, however, recently come under a novel challenge from Jessica Moss (2011, 2012), but has not yet received a defence. Moss attempts to resurrect now virtually abandoned ‘anti-rationalist’ interpretation, which claims, in a contrast to the rationalist one, that discerning good ends may require no activity from the rational aspect, but only well-habituated non-rational desire. Moss’ interpretation appeals to certain Aristotle’s claims in De Anima (DA) 3, which, she thinks, show that non-rational phantasia suffices for discerning good ends if only accompanied with the habituated desire. Although I admit that her interpretation can successfully avoid some problems that earlier anti-rationalist interpretations faced with certain passages of EN, I also argue, however that it introduces some new problems, and (probably inadvertently) attributes philosophically incoherent views about moral responsibility to Aristotle. Therefore I conclude that even after Moss’ improvements to the anti-rationalist interpretation, the rationalist interpretation remains overall more plausible.