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Aquest article analitza la figura de Maria Fortesa / Maria de Fortalesa des d'una doble perspectiva. En primer terme, històrica. Maria és successora i representant dels xuetes mallorquins ajusticiats al segle xvii que, amb el canvi de continent i de posició social, mostra els contrastos entre les dues illes (Mallorca i Cuba) i el progrés del segle xix basat en l'assimilació del discurs colonial. En segon lloc, a través de Maria, Carme Riera descriu la figura de la "literata"; mostra les contradiccions i restriccions de la primera generació d'escriptores modernes de la qual se sent deutora. D'altra banda, tot i la distància autoral que proporcionen les tècniques narratives de la ironia, la paròdia i l'ús del pastitx, no s'amaga l'escriptura com una passió irrefrenable —a través de l'escriptura epistolar— tot i que es manté allunyada dels models literaris reconeguts a l'època.

Aquest text recull uns papers de treball al voltant de la in/visibilitat, amb el propòsit de revisar una categoria que ha creuat la trajectòria d’existència lèsbica, gai, queer, així com la teorització i el pensament a propòsit d’aquestes subjectivitats (i de la seva pròpia subjecció). L’associació de la visibilitat amb l’existència ha constituit un axioma. No obstant, la visibilitat no és sempre necessàriament la millor manera de fer-se visible o, immediatament, la millor estratègia política per a l’afirmació de la nostra existència. En aquests papers de treball parteixo de la formulació d’unes hipòtesis/propostes de reflexió, per continuar dialogant amb el volum Manifiestos gays, lesbianos, queer. Testimonios de una lucha (1969-1994), editat per Rafael M. Mérida, i acabo amb un breu testimoni de l’escriptora catalana Maria Mercè Marçal.

Cal remarcar, en el si de les federacions contemporànies, una certa tendència a la concentració dels poders resultant de l'aplicació judicial de les normes relatives a la divisió de poders entre els nivells de govern. Canadà no és una excepció en aquest sentit. Com a àrbitre últim dels conflictes federatius, el Tribunal Suprem ha infós un camí d'evolució cap a la centralització de la federació canadenca. Pel que fa als conflictes sobre el repartiment de competències legislatives, aquesta tendència es basa en una dilució del valor normatiu del principi del federalisme, l'adopció d'un concepte anomenat cooperatiu del repartiment de competències i l'hegemonia de l'enfocament interpretatiu evolutiu. Igualment cridat a jugar un paper fonamental en certs moments clau de la història constitucional del país, el Tribunal va haver d'intentar conciliar les qüestions de legitimitat i de legalitat. Si l'adopció d'un enfocament positivista de la interpretació constitucional li va donar aquesta difícil tasca en les referències sobre la repatriació del poder constituent a principis dels anys 1980, una visió més àmplia de l'ordre normatiu canadenc li va permetre, en gran mesura, de tornar-hi en la referència de 1998 sobre la secessió del Quebec. Per una col·lectivitat nacional minoritària com és la del Quebec dins de la federació canadenca, el manteniment d'un equilibri de poders és de vital importància, ja que li permet conservar la seva esfera autonòmica fonamental per a la seva expansió col·lectiva.

Aquest treball analitza el procés de creació i consolidació dels òrgans consultius com una manifestació important del desplegament de l'Estat autonòmic i de la descentralització del poder a Espanya, que té el seu fonament en les potestats d'autoorganització de les comunitats autònomes, com ha tingut ocasió d'afirmar la jurisprudència constitucional que es descriu en la primera part.Després de destacar la necessitat que aquests òrgans estiguin dotats d'unes característiques peculiars que en garanteixin la qualificació tècnica, la independència i l'objectivitat com a condicions de legitimitat, aquest estudi analitza la tasca exercida pels òrgans consultius autonòmics i la seva participació en les funcions legislativa, executiva i administrativa, aturant-se especialment en el paper dels consells consultius coma «guardians de l'autonomia». En aquest aspecte, el treball es refereix a la defensa d'un enteniment ampli de la legitimació dels executius autonòmics en els recursos d'inconstitucionalitat, així com en la interpretació estricta del concepte de «normes bàsiques» i en la doctrina dels òrgans consultius sobre l'abast dels títols denominats horitzontals.

The article focuses on the role of id papers in the lives of African refugees on their way to and in Israel. In the article, I discuss the way in which documents both encapsulate the past and relations and therefore enable one's future, as much as they monitor and control the everyday lives of displaced persons. I therefore wish to examine the complex relationships between persons, documents and institutions, and the way power is manifested through them. In the article I thus show how refugees are not only helpless, but to an extent also ones who can together with others shape and change the face of their present and future.

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Inevitablement, els sistemes federalistes necessiten processos a través dels quals es puguin resoldre les discussions sobre l'assignació de poder entre els governs nacionals i regionals. L'elecció que un país fa pel que fa a l'autoritat institucional que ha de resoldre tals discussions és crítica. En el context del federalisme americà, la història demostra que tals discussions s'han resolt principalment per mitjà de la via judicial.De manera significativa, el text constitucional mateix sovint disposa només d'una mínima orientació per resoldre si les afirmacions concretes de poder, normalment per part del Govern central, són conseqüents amb l'estructura constitucional. Atès que, de conformitat amb el poder de revisió judicial, els tribunals federals tenen l'última paraula amb relació al significat de la Constitució, aquesta indeterminació ha atorgat al Tribunal un gran poder i discreció a l'hora de donar forma als contorns del federalisme americà. Com a conseqüència, el poder federal ha fluctuat substancialment a través de la història americana i ha depès en gran part de les actituds judicials, les preferències personals i l'orientació política dels jutges.

El dret públic de la immigració s'ha anat desenvolupant en els darrers anys per donar resposta a les necessitats que planteja el fenomen migratori. Tot i que el protagonisme l'han tingut el legislador i l'Administració sobretot centrals, la jurisprudència del Tribunal Constitucional ha estat decisiva per posar en relleu la dimensió constitucional d'aquest nou sector de l'ordenament. A partir de pocs preceptes, aquest Tribunal ha anat concretant les exigències constitucionals que se'n deriven pel legislador, les administracions i els jutges ordinaris en aquest àmbit. El present estudi analitza quina ha estat la contribució del Tribunal Constitucional en el desenvolupament del dret públic de la immigració. No s'analitzen una per una les quaranta sentències constitucionals dictades en aquest àmbit, sinó les grans línies jurisprudencials que s'han anat perfilant durant els gairebé trenta anys de jurisprudència constitucional sobretot en la determinació de l'estatut constitucional de l'estranger.

recenzja

While various international instruments are in place to protect the rights of persons with disabilities, knowledge of these at a grassroots level is limited. At the same time, holding governments that have signed or ratified some of these mechanisms accountable is no easy task, especially in times of disaster.

There is no doubt whatsoever that the papers presented in this volume cover a very wide, even extensive range of topics. This is of course logical, given the multi-disciplinary nature of this scientifical project. Nevertheless, it is a pleasure to present no less than eight papers devoted to new results and ideas in fields as diverse as psychology, philosophy, political science and law, dealing with matters such as electoral behavior, globalization, the concept of democracy, the role of experts or the relevance of thinkers such as Plato and Hobbes for the current discussion on the EU constitution. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1837316

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This essay looks into the very beginnings of paper photography in the Austrian Empire. It focuses on two salted paper portraits of two most iconic figures of the Slovak National Revival in the mid-19th century, Ľudovít Štúr and Jozef M. Hurban. Created around 1849 by Anastas Jovanović, a Serbian photographer and lithographer based in Vienna, both portraits are the earliest paper photographs today preserved in Slovak collections. The article elucidates not only the salted paper prints’ authorship, origin, ownership and material characteristics, but also the notion of reproduction and circulation of images during the revolutionary years of 1848 and 1849 and by the advent of photography on paper in Central Europe at the same time. Special attention is paid to social and cultural contacts between Slovaks and Serbs around 1848 as a key factor to the photographs’ production.

The Czech literary scholar Jiři Levy (1926–1967) has gained international recognition for his great contribution to the general theory of translation and has greatly contributed to the history and theory of translation into the Czech language in his books Uměni překladu (1963; Die literarische Ubersetzung: Theorie einer Kunstgattung, German transl., 1969; The Art of Translation, English transl., 2011) and Česke theorie překladu (1957, Czech Theories of Translation), respectively. His other distinguished research included versology, theatrology and various studies on British and American writers. This paper focuses on two related but less discussed aspects of his oeuvre – his contribution to Czech Anglophone Studies and his early translations of foreign poetry into Czech. It chronologically surveys Levy’s papers in the field of Anglophone Studies and outlines their contribution to Levy’s translatological oeuvre. It also includes their bibliography and a hitherto unpublished tentative bibliography of his Czech translations of poetry with two specimens of his translations.

En primer término, se aborda la relación asimétrica de humanidades y ciencias en las instituciones contemporáneas de conocimiento sugiriendo la inconveniencia de acentuar la diferencia entre unas y otras, en la medida en que ambos órdenes epistémicos están sometidos hoy a los mismos condicionamientos estructurales. El efecto que estos tienen sobre las humanidades es analizado a través de dos aspectos críticos. En segundo término, se discute la significación epistémica de la ocurrencia como principio común de ciencias y humanidades apelando a la obra de Georg Christoph Lichtenberg a manera de caso ejemplar. En esta, experimentalismo y ensayo, singularidades, ficción y variación dan cuenta de un mismo brote epistémico en humanidades (y literatura) y ciencias.

A lo largo del presente trabajo se analiza el desarrollo de la diplomacia regia y la contribución de algunos eclesiásticos, a lo largo de los siglos XIV y XV, en Castilla. A través del análisis de la aparición y desarrollo de algunos oficios de la corte con especial relevancia para la diplomacia, así como del análisis de algunos casos un tanto especiales de eclesiásticos al servicio regio en embajadas, se ofrecen algunas respuestas y otras preguntas para la futura investigación del funcionamiento y organización de la diplomacia castellana.

This article presents the activity of typographers, lithographers and chalcographers who created sacred images on paper in the nineteenth century and in the first half of the twentieth century in Naples. Public and private collections of sacred prints and pictures on paper are analyzed here, along with the indications reported by the Naples trade guides during the period examined. In this way, families of «sacred printers» succeeded in time have been identified. The author focuses on other aspects, such as serial visual communication or related to the skills of the various families of Neapolitan printers. Particular attention is also paid to the figurative details placed in relation to local times and specificities that have contributed to make the visual communication and the diffusion of such images rich in the central and southern part of Italy.

The presence of Spanish and Portuguese Jews in several Caribbean locations, such as Barbados, Curaçao, Suriname and Jamaica, has been studied by numerous scholars. However, the recent finding of hundreds of letters in the UK National Archives conveys a deeper understanding of these communities, settled there in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Besides allowing direct access to correspondence concerning the existing networks, these primary sources provide insights into the everyday life, trade and fears of these Jewish settlers, who were under surveillance in the period of the Anglo-Dutch wars. These letters, written either for personal or professional purposes, also offer relevant data for the study of individual and collective experiences in correlation with historical events. This article is part of the special theme section on Portuguese Jews in Europe and the Caribbean, 17th-18th Centuries, guest-edited by José Alberto Tavim.

No abstract.

General Pedro Aurélio de Góes Monteiro, morto em 1956 foi Ministro da Guerra no governo de Getúlio Vargas. O texto discute, a partir dos documentos pessoais do general, principal ator dos eventos políticos do período de 1930 a 1945, no Brasil

The São Paulo Network Program of Teacher Training (RedeFor) of the Secretary of Education of São Paulo State /Brazil, has proposed in partnership with the São Paulo State University, the continuing education for teachers of the State public school system, through specialization courses, about Inclusive and Special Education, in the distance learning modality. In order to meet an audience of 1.600 teachers, seven courses were implemented from 2014 to 2015, amongst which is the course of Special Education, with a total workload of 444 hours spread between activities in the Virtual Learning Environment of UNESP, internships, In-Person Meetings as well as preparation and presentation of scientific papers. After the completion of disciplines and In-Person Meetings, in 2015 were created 55 groups for the guidance of academic papers, where each supervisor had to perform the online pedagogical mediation of 10 to 20 course participants for the preparation of a scientific paper. It is intended to discuss in this article the aspects present in two scientific papers developed within the course, which addressed the discussion about the beginning teachers and curriculum for the development of Special Education within the Inclusive perspective. The results demonstrate that this specialization course brought important elements to the axis of participant's reflections, so that Special Education can really be strengthened in an inclusive perspective, in the public schools of São Paulo. O programa Rede São Paulo de Formação Docente (Redefor) da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo/Brasil propôs, em parceria com a Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), a formação continuada de professores da rede pública estadual de ensino, em cursos de especialização nas áreas da Educação Inclusiva e Especial, na modalidade a distância. Para atender a um público de 1.600 professores, foram executados de 2014 a 2015 sete cursos, entre os quais se encontra o curso de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, com carga horária total de 444 horas distribuídas entre atividades no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem da UNESP, estágios, Encontros Presenciais, bem como elaboração e apresentação de Trabalhos Acadêmicos (TA). Após a finalização das disciplinas e Encontros Presenciais, em 2015 foram criadas 55 turmas para orientação dos TA, em que cada orientador deveria realizar a mediação pedagógica on-line de 10 a 20 cursistas para a elaboração de um artigo científico. Pretende-se neste artigo discutir sobre os aspectos presentes em dois artigos científicos desenvolvidos no âmbito do curso, que abordaram a discussão sobre professores iniciantes e currículo para o desenvolvimento da Educação Especial na perspectiva Inclusiva. Os resultados demonstram que o curso de especialização trouxe para o eixo de reflexão dos cursistas elementos importantes para que a Educação Especial possa realmente se fortalecer em uma perspectiva inclusiva, nas escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo.

This paper examines a corpus of 150 titles of research articles published between 2010 and 2013 in Anglo-American natural sciences journals (physics, chemistry and biology) in order to determine their lexical density and grammatical and morphosyntactic features. Towards that end, the frequency of present and past participles, prepositions, coordinating and subordinate conjunctions, and the frequency and length of compound words was recorded in each title. The total number of content and function words was also recorded so as to determine title lexical density. ANOVA tests were applied in order to assess whether statistically significant differences in the frequency of the above mentioned variables were detected within and across disciplines and in the whole corpus. Our results showed that, in the three disciplines, the frequency of the past participle is higher than that of the present participle (p = 0,04). They also disclosed that prepositions are the most frequently used function words and that they outnumber coordinating conjunctions (p = 0,02). Compound words were found to be very frequent, especially 2- and 3-word ones. As for title lexical density, it was found to be similar across disciplines (3,1). The only statistically significant cross-disciplinary difference detected was that present participles are more frequently used in chemistry than in biology (p= 0,001). Our findings reflect the complexity of the scientific concepts expressed in natural sciences research article titles. Because titles are frequently the only section of a paper scientists read so as to decide whether to read on or not, we present a few pedagogical tips that could be applied in reading and/or writing ESP courses. DOI: 10.20420/rlfe.2015.0012

Since 1640, the institution of rules for the distribution of stamped paper in Spanish America require a certain level of professionalism of the officials in charge of accounting. The progressive installation of distribution networks of this royal monopoly in the Kingdom of Chile outlines a geography of possibilities that legitimizes the distant action of those in charge. The spatial dimension of the proceedings and the level of instruction of the local officials responsible for collecting the tax show that they adapt to the pressures found on the ground. By examining the actions of a treasurer of stamped paper, Ignacio de los Olivos, this article analyses local practices in relation to this monopoly, in light of the intervention of Silvestre Garcia, the first accountant of the Royal Tribunal de Cuentas of Chile, in 1769. This article shows that, at least until the creation in 1786 of the Direccion General de Rentas Unidas, which merges the revenues of tobacco, playing cards, stamped paper and powder, the tax collection system implemented by Olivos remains in effect, in spite of the new accounting method carried out by Garcia.

The Far East Land Property Credit Company (Crédit foncier d’Extrême-Orient cfeo) is a Franco-Belgian company that specializes in mortgages and infrastructure financing and modern technology, but also in the construction and maintenance of buildings. From 1907 to 1959, about thirty mainly Belgian and French architects worked for this company in China, Hong Kong and Singapore. After introducing problems and issues relating to the archives of Belgian companies in general and Belgian companies in China more specifically, the article will present an outline of the history of the cfeo and its archives before lingering on specific architect’s firms, architects, projects and constructions. In addition to the archives of the company’s headquarters in Brussels, additional collections (architects, clients, municipal) and monumental sources (considered to be patrimony more or less) are considered. The potential and limits of the cfeo archives for the architectural historian serve as a guiding line for a critical approach.

Great Britain had been entrenched behind the myth of a golden isolation which seemed destined to outlive the deep changes in the geopolitical balance of Europe between 19th century and 20th century. For this reason, Great Britain has always been considered unconnected with the political project of a European union. However, it was the British political philosophy itself that made a significant contribution to the development of the pro-European thinking, helping to create a broad consent in favor of a European federation. The paper intends to examine the relationship between Britain and the cause of European integration and to investigate, with a peculiar attention, the case of Federal Union – the first political movement in British history to ever advocate the cause of a union of European democracies between 1938 and 1940.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 665-687 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. – II. Regulating innovation in the digitalised age. – II.1. Impact of regulation on innovation. – II.2. Crypto-assets as innovation: a moving target. – III. The regulation of crypto-assets in the EU. – III.1. The MiCA framework, its objectives and challenges. – III.2. Activity-and risk-based approach to regulating crypto-assets. – IV. Future-proofing the EU regulation of crypto-assets. – IV.1. The challenge of future-proofing a regulatory intervention in innovative markets. – IV.2. Activity-based regulation of crypto-assets: future-proofing the regulatory perimeter. – IV.3. Risk-based approach to regulating markets in crypto-assets. - V. Conclusion. | (Abstract) The 2023 EU regulation of markets in crypto-assets (MiCA) is a timely and ambitious response to the regulatory challenges of a fast-developing and technology-intensive field. The new regulation expands the regulatory perimeter, thus enabling EU-wide supervision of crypto-asset service providers and issuers of the so-called “stablecoins”. As such, the MiCA is in line with the key objectives of the 2020 EU Digital Finance Strategy: it updates the existing EU regulatory framework to facilitate digital innovation while protecting European consumers. “Same activity, same risk, same rule” approach is at the core of the MiCA regime. The new regulatory intervention, however, is to be put to test by the incessant technological and business model innovation within the crypto industry. Is this new regulation future-proof? This paper identifies and explores the two main points of vulnerability that often undermine the future-proof nature and, ultimately, the effectiveness of regulatory interventions in innovative sectors. First, it analyses the structures that define the scope of the new framework, and their capacity to adjust to and incorporate innovation falling outside of the regulatory perimeter. Second, the paper explores the mechanisms that ensure the regulatory and supervisory framework under the MiCA remains relevant and able to address the changes in the amplitude and sources of risks. Against this background, the paper discusses two features indispensable for a future-proof regulation: the openness of the regulatory perimeter, and the regulatory capacity for risk anticipation.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 803-808 | European Forum Highlight of 28 November 2023 | (Abstract) This paper seeks to address the question of the future of the Ukrainian territories that have recently been or are currently being occupied by Russia primarily through the prism of relevant rules of international humanitarian law. After briefly recalling the conditions for the beginning of a belligerent occupation, the focus will be on the modalities for its termination, which will be examined and discussed with reference to the case of Ukraine.

This article studies the judicial documentation (from institution Cort de Justícia) with the aim of knowing the organization of textile production during the Later Middle Ages. In Cocentaina, small town of the Comtat region in southern Valencia, there was a woolen specialization, during 15th century. In this town, the judge papers –all the series of documents of the judge– provide profuse information about textile manufacture: in these documents we can see trading of wool, dyes and cloth; also we can see orders of textile works (weaving, shearing, dyeing); and we can see companies to manufacture and trade cloth between the artisans and local drapers. So we can study directly the artisans, their enterprises, their businesses, their investments, and their organization of the workshops. And finally we can see the role of enterprising artisans controling the purchase of raw materials, the infrastructure management and the sale of woolen cloth in regional markets.

This paper is part of a wider research project which studies the academic writing of the dental Hispano-American community. It aims to describe and to analyze which hedging strategies are used and for what purpose in 40 dental research papers published in Hispano-American journals (1 Venezuelan, 1 Cuban and 2 Spanish) between 1999 and 2005. The frequency of use of hedges in the different rhetorical sections of the dental papers is analyzed: introduction, method, results, discussion and conclusions. In addition, we compare the use of hedging strategies according to the section, journal and nationality. It was found that impersonal constructions and approximators predominated, followed by shields. However, deictics and the compound hedges reported less frequency. Introduction and discussion were the most heavily hedged sections. Nevertheless, hedges were also registered, mainly impersonal type, in method and results sections. Conclusion was the least hedged section. Shields, deictics and compound hedges were found mainly in the introduction and the discussion sections. On the other hand, approximators, shields and impersonal constructions were used in all the sections. The comparisons of our results show statistically significant differences in the use of hedges according to the rhetorical section, and the nationality; we also found differences between the frequencies of use of the five hedging strategies. Hedging is a very frequent strategy in the dental Hispanic RP; therefore, we propose its formal teaching in the dental academic writing courses.

The following is an expanded version of an interview with Marcus Rediker, a shortened version of which was first published in Pittsburgh City Paper. This new version also includes additional material supplied by Marcus Rediker.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2024 9(1), 105-116 | European Forum Insight of 20 May 2024 | (Table of Contents) I. Introducing the impact of Artificial Intelligence. – II. The AI Act: the risk architecture. – III. Further AI policies: development incentives and state regulatory frameworks. – IV. Proposals for legislation and other measures in Italy. – V. The human-centric approach. | (Abstract) The development of new emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, has sparked a scientific debate on their risks and benefits. This debate necessitates legal and regulatory considerations, particularly regarding the balance between technological growth and the protection of human rights. This Insight analyses the legal framework established by the European Union in its initial regulatory measures. The Insight highlights the importance of considering the human-centric perspective and adopting a risk-based methodology in the Artificial Intelligence Act. It also mentions the AI regulatory measures proposed by Member States, with a particular focus on Italy.