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Her yıl büyük bir kısmı kolaylıkla önlenebilecek iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları sonucu pek çok insan hayatını kaybetmekte veya engelli hale gelmektedir. İş kazalarına karşı yeterli önlem almamanın sonuçlarını daha net bir şekilde ortaya koyabilmek için kaza maliyetlerinin hesaplanması son derece önemlidir. İş kazalarının maliyetleri literatürde direkt ve indirekt maliyetler olarak iki gruba ayrılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2013-2023 yılları arasında makine sektöründe yaşanan iş kazalarındaki bu iki grup maliyet ortaya konularak, bu maliyetin yüklediği ekonomik yükün analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada direkt maliyetlerin hesaplanmasında 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunundan, indirekt maliyetlerin hesaplanmasında ise İngiltere Sağlık ve Güvenlik Müdürlüğünün “Yıllık Kaza Maliyetlerinin Hesaplanması” yaklaşımından yararlanılarak Türkiye’de 2013-2023 yılları arasında makine sektöründe gerçekleşen iş kazalarının maliyetleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Çalışmada iş kazası maliyetlerinin, kaza sayılarının, asgari ücretin ve döviz kurlarının artışıyla birlikte her yıl düzenli olarak artış gösterdiği ve 2023 yılında 4.470.466.863,73 TL’ye ulaşarak hesaplamaların yapıldığı 11 yıllık dönemde en yüksek değere ulaştığı görülmüştür.

The company analyzed in the paper presented attaches great importance to the activity of protecting all employees and its assets against the risks of injury or damage, considering life to be the most valuable asset. Therefore, occupational safety and health must be integrated through the collective effort to achieve the desired quality of the services provided. In this paper I wanted to highlight the fact that obtaining positive results in the field of OSH involves much more than the implementation of a formalized structure, the management of a company must develop a culture of continuous improvement and involvement / participation of all employees in order to generate positive effects on OSH performance, as it refers to their health and physical integrity. The implementation of these measures and conclusions can significantly contribute to reducing the risks of occupational accidents and illnesses for any employee, not just for the welding profession, thus promoting a safer and healthier working environment.

This article examines the situation of occupational accidents in the construction site sector in Romania, an area characterized by increased risks for the health and safety of workers. Recent statistics indicate a high incidence of accidents, mainly presented by the lack of training of employees, noncompliance of equipment and insufficient resources allocated for effective controls. The study identifies the main causes of these accidents and highlights the need for a more rigorous approach in the implementation of occupational health and safety measures. In addition, the role of collaboration between authorities, employers and workers in promoting an organisational culture of safety is highlighted. These aspects are essential for increasing safety in industry and for the sustainable economic development of the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the industrial sectors that has a high risk of danger is the informal sector, one of which is the home industry of making chips. Knowledge about occupational health and safety is one of the factors that cause health problems and incidents in the workplace. Therefore, it is necessary to handle the problem of danger by identifying risks and controlling in minimizing the occurrence of accidents and occupational health disorders. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the risk of work accidents, determine the level of work accident risk and provide suggestions for controlling the risk of work accidents that can occur in the cassava chips manufacturing industry. Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study, which is a research method that provides an in-depth description of the process of making gadung chips in a home industry which is then analyzed and compared based on existing reality. Observations are made directly to ensure that the process reflects daily practices in the home industry. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach, data will be collected at one time to understand the conditions at that time. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive analysis and risk identification with the HIRARC method, namely: 1) Hazard identification, 2) Risk Assessment (Risk Analysis), 3) Determining Controls, 4) Documentation Socialization and Implementing Controls Results: 33 work accident risks were found that could occur in the process of making combined chips. The level of work accident risk from 33 risks obtained 42% low risk hazards, 21% medium risk hazards, 30% high risk hazards and 7% very high risk hazards Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that: 1) 33 work accident risks were found that could occur in the process of making combined chips. 2) the level of work accident risk from 33 risks obtained 42% low risk hazards, 21% medium risk hazards, 30% high risk hazards and 7% very high risk hazards. 3) there are 33 risk control studies consisting of substitution control, administration, and use of PPE

The company analyzed in the paper presented attaches great importance to the activity of protecting all employees and its assets against the risks of injury or damage, considering life to be the most valuable asset. Therefore, occupational safety and health must be integrated through the collective effort to achieve the desired quality of the services provided. In this paper I wanted to highlight the fact that obtaining positive results in the field of OSH involves much more than the implementation of a formalized structure, the management of a company must develop a culture of continuous improvement and involvement / participation of all employees in order to generate positive effects on OSH performance, as it refers to their health and physical integrity. The implementation of these measures and conclusions can significantly contribute to reducing the risks of occupational accidents and illnesses for any employee, not just for the welding profession, thus promoting a safer and healthier working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) önlemleri için yapılması gereken harcamalar işletmeler tarafından göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu harcamalar, özellikle çok tehlikeli sınıfta yer alan ve iş kazası olabilirlik oranlarına göre tüm sektörler arasında ilk sırada yer alan madencilik sektörü için çok daha hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle 2013-2022 yılları arasındaki, beş farklı ekonomik faaliyetten oluşan madencilik sektörüne ait Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) kayıtları incelenmiştir. Doğal taş sektörünün, en fazla çalışan sayısına sahip “diğer madencilik ve taş ocakçılığı” ekonomik faaliyeti içerisinde yer aldığı ve 10 yıllık iş kazası verilerine göre ölüm oranlarında “kömür ve linyit çıkarımından” sonra ikinci sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. İSG için yapılan harcamaların mali büyüklüğünü ve işletmeye sağladığı faydanın büyüklüğünü analiz etmek amacıyla, bir mermer fabrikasının 2020 yılındaki İSG harcamaları incelenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, İSG harcamalarının işletme cirosunun yaklaşık %0,5’ine karşılık geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) tarafından hazırlanan “İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Fayda-Maliyet Analizi Proje Raporu” esas alınarak, işletmedeki İSG harcamaları için fayda-maliyet analizi yapılmış ve faydanın İSG maliyetinin 5,54 katı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer madencilik ve taş ocakçılığı ekonomik faaliyetinde alınan İSG önlemlerinin ülke ekonomisine sağlayacağı faydanın ise 2023 yılı fiyatlarıyla ortalama 13 milyar TL olabileceği hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, İSG için yapılan harcamaların geleceğe yönelik büyük yatırımlar olacağı sayısal olarak ortaya konulmuştur.

Background. Workplace safety is a global public health issue. Reconstructing an accident can prove extremely complicated, especially when the event occurs without direct witnesses or when the scene is altered. In these cases, it is essential to adopt proper investigation protocols in order to ensure the correct reconstruction of the dynamics. Case report. A man was found unconscious on the ground, having fallen from a height of approximately 2 meters, where there was a cabin in which a conveyor belt of raw materials for the production of cement ran. At the end of the path of this belt a scraper was found. An autopsy was carried out and the scraper present at the scene was examined and compared with the injuries on the victim. After the autopsy, the investigators returned to the scene and collected the traces found in the cabin. At the end of collecting the traces, the investigators simulated the dynamics of the event by turning on the conveyor belt and placing a scraper of the same dimensions and characteristics as the one found at the scene inside the cabin. Conclusion. The autopsy showed a maxillofacial trauma with multiple bruises on the face and a serious fracture of the epistropheus tooth. This trauma was therefore incompatible with a simple fall from 2 meters. The investigators created an experimental model that demonstrated a very high energy rebound of the tape when placed in contact with the scraper. This reconstruction made it possible to carry out a single report with the data collected by the medical examiner and the investigators, which was effective and exhaustive, allowing the Authority to be provided with the evidence to continue the investigations about the responsibilities of the worker and the employer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work accidents occurred upstream and downstream company project activities. PT. Pertamina would be one of the causes of disruption or cessation of project work activities. The risk of failure always existed in every work activity, and when a work accident occured, no matter how small, it could result in detrimental effects, therefore as much as possible and as early as possible, potential work accidents must be prevented or at least reduced in their impact. The lack of knowledge about occupational safety and health was largely due to the belief that occupational safety and health programs would be an additional burden on company costs, even though if we took into account the amount of compensation and compensation funds for work accident victims were smaller than the profits. This research aimed to identify and analyze the occurrence of work accidents at PT. Pertamina in terms of counterproductive work behavior. The approach used in this research was a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The results of the research concluded that the adoption of counterproductive work behavior was starting to be widely implemented in the field of occupational safety and health in order to minimize the number of work accidents and prevention of work accidents could be carried out using methods of elimination, substitution, technical engineering, administrative control and the used of personal protective equipment for workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Turkey canceled the daylight saving time (DST) transition and started permanent clockapplication. Considering the effect of this new regulation on working hours, this study examines whether there is a relationship with the increase in the number of workaccidents in shifts. Methods. Data on work accidents were obtained from the Republic of Turkey Social Security Institution (SSI), filed between 2011 and 2020. We estimate accident rates using Poisson regression and log-linear models as a function of a variety of date-based factors. Results. The results show that DST transition is effective (ineffective in terms of gender) on changes in the number of workaccidents. With statistical analyses, the hourly distribution of workaccidents was determined, indicating at which hour the most workaccidents occurred, using the work accident frequency rate. The number of prevented work accidents was calculated as 286,793 for Turkey. Conclusion. The findings from these studies suggest that cancellation of the DST transition does not have a negative effect on the incidence of workaccidents in Turkey; on the contrary, this practice also serves the purpose of preventing workaccidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İş kazalarının temel nedenlerinden birinin çalışanların güvensiz davranışları olduğu bilinmektedir. Buradan hareketle çalışanların güvenli davranışlarının iş kazalarını azaltmada büyük rol oynayacağı açıktır. Araştırmanın amacı, bir ilaç firmasındaki çalışanların güvenlik kültürü ve güvenli davranış düzeylerinin belirlenerek, güvenlik kültürünün güvenlik davranışı üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu tespitler de kurumların davranış odaklı güvenlik yönetim sistemi kurmalarını sağlayacaktır. Çalışma, Tekirdağ ve Kocaeli illerindeki bir ilaç firmasının 3 ayrı tesisinde 610 çalışanın katılımıyla anket uygulayarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışanların %61.14’ü kazaların nedenlerinin çalışanın güvenli (emniyetli) olmayan davranışı olarak yanıtlamışlardır. Ayrıca güvenlik kültürünün, yönetimin sürdürülebilirgüvenlik desteği, çalışma alanı-iş çevresi ve güvenlik farkındalığı olarak üç ayrı faktör başlığı altında toplandığı belirlenmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonucuna göre, güvenlik kültürünü en iyi açıklayan faktör gruplarının, çalışma alanı-iş çevresi ve güvenlik farkındalığı olduğu görülmüştür. Yine regresyon analizine göre, güvenli davranışı etkileyen en önemli faktörün ise güvenlik uyumu olduğu ve üç önemli güvenlik kültürü faktörünün ise güvenlik uyumu üzerine etkisinin %39 civarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadercilik algısı ile herhangi bir faktör arasında %95 anlamlılık düzeyinde bir ilişki olmadığı bulunmuştur. Bu durum bize kadercilik algısını açıklayan faktörün regresyon analizi için kullanılamayacağını göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda, çalışanların güvenli davranışlarının arttırılması için güvenlik uyumu kapsamında güvenli davranışların alışkanlığa dönüştürülmesi gerekmektedir.

The Method for the Integrated Assessment of Risks for rainforest (MIARforest) is a specific methodology for assessing the risk of occupational accidents associated with working in native tropical forests. MIARforest was validated for the results' reproducibility and the reliability of calculated risk levels through the Delphi approach. Two rounds of questionnaires illustrating ten scenarios of activities associated with the logging process in the Eastern Amazon's native rainforest (Brazil) were presented to forestry and occupational health and safety (OHS) experts. In the first round, the questionnaire was answered anonymously by 55 experts, and in the second, by 46. A percentage of agreement of at least 80% in each question was considered to close the process. Questions that did not meet the criterion in the first round were reassessed in the second round. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that MIARforest, an occupational accident risk assessment tool, has been effectively validated, demonstrating inter-rater reproducibility and reliability in determining risk values. These results highlight the objectivity and reliability of MIARforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Each year, there are billions of agricultural work accidents involving the operation of tractors, grain augers, harvest combines, power take-off devices, or balers and thrashers. Field accidents of this nature seem more common on afternoons, just as road accidents tend to skew toward nighttime. The lesions can vary widely and depends strictly on the operation of the machinery analyzed. Aims. This paper aims to present a peculiar case of decapitation by a combine harvester, showing how, in cases of injury due to agricultural machinery, it is fundamental a correct execution of a scene investigation, autoptic examination, and cooperation with a specialist in engineering. Case Report. A 54-year-old man was found decapitated on the header of a combine harvester; his extremities were also dismembered. At autopsy, a clean oblique cut across the first cervical vertebra had severed the head at the neck. Although the right arm remained intact, both lower extremities were mutilated, showing numerous exposed and open fractures. A bleeding, penetrating wound to the back was additionally noted. In the days that followed, missing parts (head and left leg) were discovered in other machine components (grain tank and straw walker, respectively). All observed injuries were compatible with the mechanics of the cochlea, its rotating movement inflicting the damages above. Collaboration between pathologists and engineers was fundamental to recreating the dynamics of this rare decapitation accident by a combine harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CV XYZ is a company engaged in the production of fashion. The problem that occurs in CV XYZ is that there are still several cases of work accidents caused by the attitude of workers, the work environment and the tools used during the production process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential hazards and the causes of potential hazards, the risk of injury and even work accidents and provide suggestions for improvements to reduce the risk of work accidents so that control and prevention of hazards that arise in the work area can be carried out. The methods used in this research are Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a hazard identification approach in working environment conditions, existing facilities, equipment operation and overall production. Hazop looks for possible causes of accidents and determines the consequences of deviations that occur when a job is done. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is the identification of hazards by taking into account unsafe act and unsafe conditions. This hazard identification method is carried out by studying a job to identify hazards and potential incidents associated with each step and used to find solutions and control existing hazards. Based on the results of data processing, it is known that the sources of hazards that exist or have the potential for work accidents are the attitudes of workers and the physical work environment and it is known that there are 30 identified hazards from 16 routine activities and 7 of them have the highest risk of intensity in causing hazards in the work area.

Construction Projects are a work sector that has a high level of work accident risk. This is due to the lack of awareness of the importance of implementing a good Construction Safety Management System (SMKK) following applicable laws and regulations, often the application of the Construction Safety Management System on a project is considered only as a costly expense, not as an investment to prevent work accidents but only is considered to provide a level of loss from the project itself. But, in the construction of the Main Market of City X, there was a work accident; an analysis was carried out using the Failure Mode And analysis method, several works with a high-risk level, namely formwork demolition work, installation work and WF steel assembly work with each value of 48 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19, ceiling frame assembly work with a value of 36 risk priority number with a risk map value of 17, Pile head bore work, ceiling material transportation work from storage, test commissioning work with each value of 32 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work of employees through a temporary employment agency is a form of atypical work that involves more discussions. In this material, I propose to compare the institution of temporary work through a temporary work agency with that of posting. I will also highlight the particularities of the temporary employee's work within the provision of transnational services, highlighting internal and community legislative aspects as well as the problems that the two institutions bring to the practice of national courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beykoz Akademi Dergisi is the property of Beykoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paradigma: Journal of Economics & Management Research / İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coal mining has the most risk in all of the mining sectors. Hence, in this sector, most work accidents encountered are intensive. The demographic characteristics of workers affect the occurrence of occupational accidents. This study aims to develop an equation that predicts workday loss by analyzing the relationship between workers' demographic characteristics and having an accident with workday loss. In this study, work-related accidents between 2014 and 2019 in underground hard coal mines in Turkey were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. An equation is derived that estimates the workday loss with the characteristics of workers in hard coal mines. With the equation derived in this study, employers can determine the potential for work accidents according to the demographic characteristics of the workers and serious work accidents will be prevented. Therefore, proactive solutions can be produced by applying the methods used in this study to different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Occupational accidents continue to be a significant public health challenge worldwide. Construction workers in particular are at high risk of occupational accidents, and thus it is of major importance to identify possible predictors of occupational accidents among construction workers. We aimed to investigate the association between self-reported work pace and physical work demands and occupational accidents among ageing male construction workers in Denmark. Methods Data on perceived work pace, physical work demands, and occupational accidents was acquired from questionnaires sent to ageing construction workers in Denmark in 2016 as part of the ALFA project (ALdring og Fysisk Arbejde; Ageing and Physical Work). A sample of 1270 Danish male construction workers above 50 years of age was included in the present study. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for age, smoking, body mass index, musculoskeletal disorders, occupation, work experience, and support at work. Results Of 1270 construction workers, 166 (13.1%) reported an occupational accident within the last 12 months. There was no significant association between perceived work pace and occupational accidents, but physical work demands were associated with higher odds for occupational accidents, with an odds ratio of 2.27 (95% confidence interval 1.26–4.10) for medium physical work demands and 2.62 (95% confidence interval 1.50–4.57) for high physical work demands. Conclusions Ageing male construction workers with high physical work demands had statistically significant higher odds of having an occupational accident. By contrast, perceived work pace was not associated with occupational accidents in this large cross-sectional study.

In this study, the definition of work accident was made and then the concept of work accident in construction works was explained. The last five years of work accident statistics published by the Social Security Institution were examined. According to these statistics, the accident rates of the construction sector in all sectors were found by making use of the annual number of occupational accidents and fatal occupational accidents. Approximately one third of the fatal occupational accidents in our country occur in the construction sector. Occupational accident statistics of the construction sector are grouped under three headings according to the Nace economic classification codes. According to the work accident statistics examinations in these three categories, the most work accidents and the most deaths as a result of work accidents occurred in building construction works. In line with this information, occupational accidents and occupational safety costs in building construction works were examined. The data were obtained from surveys and interviews with construction companies, occupational safety companies, and consulting companies. Occupational health and safety costs; The costs of the OHS personnel employed, the cost of environmental safety measures taken to prevent occupational accidents at the construction site, the cost of health expenditures of the employees and the cost of personal protective equipment were examined under four main headings and the total cost per m2 was calculated. Moreover, the cost to the contractor is calculated and compared with the occupational safety costs in the construction sites where work accidents “resulting in death and injury” occur. Although the place of occupational health and safety costs in the total construction costs is quite low, the importance of occupational health and safety in the construction sector is emphasized by evaluating the consequences and costs of avoiding these measures through examples.

Worldwide, there are an estimated 374 million non-fatal work-related injuries with >4 days of absences from work (1) and more than 3000 fatal work injuries in European countries each year (2). The human cost of this is vast, and the economic burden of poor occupational safety and health practices is estimated to be about 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) each year (1). There is a need to identify risk factors of work-related injuries as such knowledge may help decrease the number of injuries. A promising candidate for such a risk factor is extended working hours, which leave less time outside work and thereby less time for sleep and restitution. The resulting sleepiness can in turn cause poorer cognitive performance and thus constitutes a plausible mechanism linking long working hours to accidents. Being awake for 18 hours has been shown to impair performance corresponding to a blood alcohol content of 0.05% (3), and long daily working hours (12-hour shifts) have been associated with impairment of alertness and performance (4). This line of effects may link extended working hours to acute safety risks as well as possibly long-term health effects. In addition, reduced performance not only puts the person who works the long hours at risk, it could also have implications for the safety and health of others. Extended working hours could, for example, affect patient and traffic safety (5). In a study of nurses working 12-hour night shifts, almost all reported having at least one motor vehicle accident or near accident during the previous 12 months driving to or from work (6). Undoubtedly, there is an upper limit to how long it is possible to work as this is limited by the number of hours in the day and the need for recovery, and working hours has for long been a focus of regulation. Indeed regulation of working hours was part of the 1802 Health and Morals of Apprentices Act, which was the very first piece of factory legislation in the United Kingdom. It prevented apprentices in cotton mills from working at night and for >12 hours a day (7). Today, the Working Time Directive (2003/88/EC) regulates the duration of working hours in Europe (8). In this issue of Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Matre and colleagues (9) report the results of a highly welcomed systematic review and meta-analysis on extended working hours and safety incidents (accidents, near-accidents, safety incidents and injuries). They reviewed studies on extended working hours in terms of both daily and weekly working hours and found that both long daily (>12 hours) and weekly (>55 hours) working hours are associated with increased risk of safety incidents (9). The review adds to several other recent systematic reviews regarding extended weekly working hours performed by the World Health Organization, the International Labor Organization and the IPD-Work consortium, which have examined the associations between long working hours and primarily long-term health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (10–14), cancer (15), type 2 diabetes (16), alcohol consumption (17) and depression (18, 19). From an epidemiological perspective, the analysis of extended working hours has advantages compared to analysis of many other work-related exposures. Working hours are relatively easy to measure. All employees can measure an hour objectively and with high precision. Duration of working hours can also be assessed with relatively high confidence by answering a single question. This makes the assessment of extended working hours attractive in general population surveys resulting in large cohorts with a standardized measure across jobs, gender, age, socioeconomic class and other contextual factors such as regional cultures. However, there are several methodological challenges that need to be solved in order to move the field forward. Importantly, as also pointed out by Matre and colleagues, extended work hours is highly intertwined with other measures of working hours such as short time between work shifts (quick returns) and working outside ordinary day work, eg, during the evening or night, which in itself has been associated with increased risks for health and safety. In addition, long work days do not necessarily imply long weekly working hours. The same weekly working hours can be achieved by having longer but fewer work days (compressed work weeks). Such compressed work weeks are advantageous in several ways. The lower number of work days gives employees more days without work. It decreases total commuting time – and the risks and environmental exposures associated thereof – and has been suggested as a means of reducing traffic congestion, although the effects are debated (20). Compressed work weeks are a well-established type of work schedule, eg, in the US Federal Government (21). It is therefore important to be able to disentangle the differences in risks by studying specific combinations of working hours. Another challenge is to determine whether the extended working hours are the actual cause of health safety outcomes. While there is a plausible link from extended working hours to accidents through lack of recovery and reduced performance (4), there may also be alternative mechanisms, in particular when it comes to more long-term effects. Extended weekly working hours, especially when related to overtime work, may be due to high workload. High workload may elicit feelings of being stressed at work, for example in the form of job strain that has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (22). In addition, long working hours imply longer exposure time to all other work environmental risk factors, such as chemical and physical exposures. Even if working time can be measured in a standardized way across different cultures and traditions, there are regional differences in what is considered the normal duration of working hours. For example, the proportion who worked >55 hours per week in 2016 was about 12% in South-East Asia and 3.5% in Europe (14). Furthermore, the reasons for extended working hours, may differ between countries and regions, and this may in turn modify the relationship between extended working hours and health. In countries with high social security and minimum wage, extended work hours is likely to be a more voluntary choice compared to countries or jobs where workers have extended working hours due to financial necessity. When it comes to measurement of working hours, Matre and colleagues (9) point to payroll-data as the golden standard. This is particularly true when the registration is linked to payment of wages, eg, in terms of overtime work. However, the validity of length of daily and weekly working hours is expected to be lower in jobs where unpaid extra working hours are more common (eg, among physicians and other academic personnel) and if hours from secondary jobs are not included (23). Even so, cohorts based on day-to-day registrations from payroll data have in recent years moved the field considerably forward due to highly detailed information on working hours for every day. The advantages for studies of associations between working hours and accidents include better information on temporality and decreased risk of misclassification. Thus, recent studies have analyzed associations of working hours the previous week(s) and risk of accidents on a given day (24, 25). The very detailed data are particularly important when analyzing the effect of extended working hours on accidents, since the effect must be assumed to be short term. Day-to-day registrations of payroll data also open the door to using more advanced designs, eg, case–crossover design (24, 26) that eliminates confounding by time-invariant variables. Finally, day-to-day payroll data allow detailed adjustment for other working hour characteristics and give the possibility to analyze duration of daily working hours in more detail. This will lead to more precise analyses on the association between working hours and the risk of work-related injuries and the potential for reducing the risk in the future. The author thanks Marie Aarrebo Jensen, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, and Helena Breth Nielsen for their thoughtful comments on the initial draft. References 1. ILO. Safety and health at work. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index.htm. Accessed June 15, 2021. 2. Eurostat Statistics Explained. Accidents at work statistics. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Accidents_at_work_statistics#Number_of_accidents. Accessed 16 June 16, 2021. 3. Dawson D, Reid K. Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment. Nature. 1997;388(6639):235. https://doi.org/10.1038/40775 4. Axelsson J, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T, Lowden A. Effects of alternating 8- and 12-hour shifts on sleep, sleepiness, physical effort and performance. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24 Suppl 3:62-8. 5. Rogers AE. The Effects of Fatigue and Sleepiness on Nurse Performance and Patient Safety. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008. 6. Novak RD, Auvil-Novak SE. Focus group evaluation of night nurse shiftwork difficulties and coping strategies. Chronobiol Int. 1996;13(6):457-63. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420529609020916 7. UK Parliament. Early factory legislation. Available from: https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/livinglearning/19thcentury/overview/earlyfactorylegislation. Accessed June 17, 2021 8. Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time, (2003). Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu. 9. Matre D, Skogstad M, Sterud T, Nordy K-C, Knardahl S, Christensen JO, et al. Safety incidents associated with extended working hours. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2021. Online first. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3958 10. Descatha A, Sembajwe G, Pega F, Ujita Y, Baer M, Boccuni F, et al. The effect of exposure to long working hours on stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Environ Int. 2020;142:105746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105746 11. Li J, Pega F, Ujita Y, Brisson C, Clays E, Descatha A, et al. The effect of exposure to long working hours on ischaemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury. Environ Int. 2020;142:105739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105739 12. Kivimaki M, Jokela M, Nyberg ST, Singh-Manoux A, Fransson EI, Alfredsson L, et al. Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603,838 individuals. Lancet. 2015;386(10005):1739-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60295-1 13. Kivimaki M, Nyberg ST, Batty GD, Kawachi I, Jokela M, Alfredsson L, et al. Long working hours as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: a multi-cohort study. Euro Heart J. 2017;38(34):2621-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx324 14. Pega F, Náfrádi B, Momen NC, Ujita Y, Streicher KN, Prüss-Üstün AM, et al. Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000-2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. Environ Int. 2021;154:106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595 15. Heikkila K, Nyberg ST, Madsen IE, de Vroome E, Alfredsson L, Bjorner JJ, et al. Long working hours and cancer risk: a multi-cohort study. Brit J Cancer. 2016;114(7):813-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.9 16. Kivimaki M, Virtanen M, Kawachi I, Nyberg ST, Alfredsson L, Batty GD, et al. Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0 17. Pachito DV, Pega F, Bakusic J, Boonen E, Clays E, Descatha A, et al. The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury. Environ Int. 2021;146:106205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106205 18. Virtanen M, Jokela M, Madsen IE, Magnusson Hanson LL, Lallukka T, Nyberg ST, et al. Long working hours and depressive symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2018;44(3):239-50. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3712 19. Rugulies R, Sørensen K, Di Tecco C, Bonafede M, Rondinone BM, Ahn S, et al. The effect of exposure to long working hours on depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury. Environ Int. 2021;155:106629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106629 20. Scott DM. Overcoming Traffic Congestion: A Discussion of Reduction Strategies and Behavioral Responses from a North American Perspective. Euro J Trans Infra Res. 2002;2(4). 21. POPM.gov [internet] Policy, Data, Oversight. Available from: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/work-schedules/fact-sheets/alternative-work-schedules-compressed-work-schedules/. Accessed June 30, 2021. 22. Kivimäki M, Nyberg ST, Batty GD, Fransson EI, Heikkilä K, Alfredsson L, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2012;380(9852):1491-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60994-5 23. Garde AH, Hansen J, Kolstad HA, Larsen AD, Pedersen J, Petersen JD, et al. Payroll data based description of working hours in the Danish regions. Chronobiol Int. 2018;35(6):795-800. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1466797 24. Harma M, Koskinen A, Sallinen M, Kubo T, Ropponen A, Lombardi DA. Characteristics of working hours and the risk of occupational injuries among hospital employees: a case-crossover study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020;46(6):570-8. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3905 25. Nielsen HB, Hansen AM, Conway SH, Dyreborg J, Hansen J, Kolstad HA, et al. Short time between shifts and risk of injury among Danish hospital workers: a register-based cohort study. 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İşyerinde gerek çalışan gerekse de işveren tarafından iş sağlığı ve güvenliği önlemlerinin alınamaması nedeniyle iş kazaları meydana gelmektedir. Mesleki risklere maruziyet sonucu ortaya çıkan hastalıkların sonucu olarak da meslek hastalığı tanımı yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı nedeniyle Düzce ili Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) hastanelerinden yararlanan özel sektör çalışanlarının çalışanlara, işverenlere, kamu hastanelerine ve topluma maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda Düzce kamu hastaneler birliği hastanelerine iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı nedeniyle müracaat edenlerin sayısının yıllar itibarıyla artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. İş kazası nedeniyle ağırlıklı olarak 21-25 yaş grubundan, meslek hastalığı nedeniyle de ağırlıklı olarak 36 yaş ve üzeri çalışanların olduğu belirlenmiştir. İş kazası nedeniyle hastanelere müracaat eden hastaların ortalama 8 dakika 14 saniyede muayene oldukları hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda hastaların ortalama 29 dakika 50 saniye poliklinikte tedavi gördükleri ve ortalama 38 dakika 2 saniye de hastanede kaldıkları belirlenmiştir. 2010-2014 yılları arasında Düzce kamu hastaneler birliğine iş kazası ile müracaat eden hastaların büyük çoğunluğunun el ya da kol yaralanmalarından ve ayak ya da bacak yaralanmalarından kaynaklı şikâyetle müracaat ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda iş kazası nedeniyle hastalara ortalama 4 gün rapor düzenlendiği belirlenmiştir. 2010-2014 yılları arasında iş kazasından kaynaklı olarak yıllara bağlı ortalama toplam maliyetler minimum 339,10 TL, maksimum da 447,72 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır.

BACKGROUND: Craniocerebral injuries belong to the category of bodily injuries which are characterised by high mortality and a high percentage of permanent effects in the form of disability. The likelihood of this injury exists in the workplace too. Performing works at a height or using high-pressure or mechanical machinery exposes employees to a higher risk of a craniocerebral injury. CASE REPORT: This case study deals with the topic of open craniocerebral trauma suffered by a 20-year-old man who was wearing no head protection at his place of work. It details the management of this trauma at the site of the accident, during transfer to the hospital and during hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: Fast transport, effective diagnostics and implementation of surgical treatment contributed to a good final result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the issue of performing dependent work according to the conditions of § 317 of the Labour Code which is most often referred to as home office. Because such a designation is not used by law, this article deals with the comparison of the terms that are used for this legal institute and determines the basic criteria for its precise definition. In the following sections, the article deals with the issue of the place of performing dependent work as a basic feature of this institute, and describes and analyzes the limits of its legal adjustment. It focuses on the issue of OHS, accidents at work, remuneration and other situations which are possible limitations in application in practice.

La consolidation est une notion fondamentale aussi bien en « accident du travail » qu'en « droit commun ». Elle définit le moment où le dommage est stabilisé, décrit par le médecin et permet l'évaluation des préjudices par le juriste. La date de consolidation doit être fixée a posteriori par l'expert et correspondre à la ligne de partage entre les préjudices temporaires et les préjudices permanents. The concept of « Consolidation » is fundamental at both levels: accidents at work and common law. It defines the moment when damage has stabilized, as described by the doctor, and it allows the lawyers to evaluate the damage. The consolidation date must be fixed a posteriori onflit by the expert and correspond to the dividing line between temporary and permanent damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great number of burns affect the hands, either as part of a more extensive burn or as an isolated injury. These injuries can lead to physical, social and psychological consequences that may reduce quality of life and make difficult the return to work. The goal of this study was to investigate the main epidemiologic characteristics of adult patients with hand burns admitted to a dedicated burn centre, evaluate the outcomes of the treatment, and identify the predictors associated with the worst outcomes. This study found that a considerable amount of burn victims admitted had hand burns (41.5%). Males are more likely to be injured in general, but females are more prevalent in burns by hot liquids. The most common comorbidity was hypertension, followed by dyslipidemia and type II diabetes. Cooking is the activity associated with more accidental victims. Most injuries did not require surgical intervention. Approximately two-thirds of the patients did not have any important sequelae. The most common complications were scar disturbances (26%) and scar contractures (14%). The need for surgery, a higher number of surgeries and higher surface area burn were associated with the worst outcomes. It is imperative to establish a burn prevention education program nationwide, encompassing water temperature control in households, the use of anti-burn equipment, and the replacement of old electrical/ heating equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most of the molybdenum (Mo) is used in metallurgical applications, the tetrathiomolybdate form is an experimental chelating agent for Wilson's disease. Human data of acute Mo exposure are lacking and, no report of no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) has been described until now. Case study: We report a case of acute occupational exposure to molybdenum, with the related plasma and urine molybdenum concentrations, caused by an accidental ingestion of a sip of an anti-corrosion liquid for metal containing sodium molybdate. Our purpose was to evaluate potential systemic toxicity of molybdenum and to evaluate the dose-response/dose-effect relationship. We estimated the amount of ingested molybdenum to make a mg/kg relationship and performed repeated urine and plasma molybdenum determinations. The patient was hospitalized for three days to monitor possible development of acute symptoms/biochemical alterations. Discussion: We estimated the amount of the sip around 50 ml, with an estimation of a total of 5 gr of sodium molybdate that, for the patient bodyweight of 80 kg, would mean 62,5 mg/kg of ingested Mo. Blood and urine samples collected 2 hours after ingestion showed 50 mcg/L (reference range: 0.43 - 1.8 mcg/L) and 630 mcg/L (refence range: up to 116 mcg/L) of Mo respectively, confirming acute exposure. The patients remained asymptomatic confirming that an estimated oral dose of Mo of 62.5 mg/kg was not associated with adverse effects. Conclusions: Our value, being extrapolated by a single case, will require further confirmations from other studies to allow a full evaluation of a NOAEL. Nevertheless, it does not preclude its use in evaluating the probable absence of adverse effect in the context of acute Mo exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rescuer’s safety is the first and most important step in initiating any rescue, care, first aid action. Only a rescuer in optimal physical and mental shape can ensure the maximum chances of rescuing a victim, while an injured rescuer represents a new victim who will share the rescue resources with the victim(s) or will cancel any chance of rescue either for the initial victim as well as for himself. Rescuers must be able to perform resuscitation maneuvers and rescue operations anytime and anywhere. The safety of the savior is not always entirely his responsibility.

Öz: Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Vuhan kentinde başlayan yeni koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) kısa sürede küresel bir salgına dönüşmüştür. Çalışma alanında bu salgına yakalanan çalışanların sosyal güvenlik açısından sahip olacakları haklar, hastalığın iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı olarak tanımlanıp tanımlanmayacağına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. COVID-19’un iş kazası mı, meslek hastalığı mı yoksa normal hastalık olarak mı tanımlanacağı belirsizdir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak iş kazası ve meslek hastalıkları arasındaki farklar incelenmiştir. Sonrasında COVID-19’un iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı nitelikleri konusunda Türkiye’deki ve dünyadaki görüşler araştırılmıştır. Yapılan iş ile COVID-19 arasında doğrudan bir ilişki bulunan, maruziyet riski yüksek işlerde çalışanların COVID-19’a yakalanmasının meslek hastalığı niteliğinde olacağı ancak diğer çalışanların COVID-19’a yakalanmalarının iş kazası veya meslek hastalığı niteliğinde olmayacağı görüşü tercih edilen görüş olarak sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın son bölümünde COVID-19’a yakalanan çalışanların SGK’dan (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu) alabilecekleri parasal yardımlar belirtilmiştir. Yazarın bilgisine göre bu çalışma; iş kazası ve meslek hastalığının farklarını tartışarak çalışma alanında COVID-19’a yakalanmanın iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı niteliğini araştıran ve COVID-19 sonrası çalışanların sosyal güvenlik haklarını inceleyen ülkemizdeki ilk çalışmadır. Abstract: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019, rapidly became a global epidemic. In terms of social security, the rights of workers who was infected in the work field, depend on whether the disease is identified as a work accident or an occupational disease. It is uncertain whether COVID-19 to be identified as work accident, occupational disease or normal disease. In this study, firstly, the differences between work accidents and occupational diseases are examined. Afterwards, the concepts in Turkey and in the world about identifying COVID-19 as work accident or occupational disease were investigated. It is suggested that, the case for infected employees, whose duties directly related with COVID-19 and who work at high risk of exposure to COVID-19, should be identified as an occupational disease. However, in the case for other employees, COVID-19 should not be identified as a work accident or occupational disease. In the last part of the study, financial supports of SGK (Social Security Institution in Turkey) for COVID-19 infected employees are specified. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey to investigate the differences of work accident and occupational disease in order to identify infection of COVID-19 in work environment and the social security rights of employees after COVID-19 infection.

Welding shop is a business place specializing in welding service for various types of metal in various ways ; Manually through electric welding, carbide, Argon, lathe, acetylene, or using the help of robotic or laser welding machines. The work accidents on worker in welding shop is often found.The research problem proposed is what factors are the risk factors for work accidents in welding shop of West Aceh Regency. The research design used cross-sectional method with person correlation analysis. The results of the study found a strong relationship between unsafe acts and work accidents on welding shop workers in West Aceh Regency. The P Value of the variable is 0.000

The elbow is the second most frequently dislocated major joint in adults. Elbow dislocation is a common traumatic injury, occurring in approximately 20% of all joint dislocations. Falling onto an outstretched hand is the most prevalent cause of elbow dislocation. Simultaneous bilateral elbow dislocation is a rare presentation, and reports of similar injuries are very limited. A 21-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department after landing on both hands with flexed elbows from a height of one meter while doing home decoration work. The posterolateral dislocations was detected in both elbows without a fracture on the plain radiographs. The patient's elbows were reduced under procedural sedation analgesia in the emergency department. The patient's splints were removed in the orthopedics outpatient clinic after a 2-week follow-up, and he had no complications. It should be noted that serious bilateral dislocations can occur even in minor traumas like this. Procedural sedation not only prevents the delay of the procedure and the occurrence of complications, especially during the treatment of such multiple dislocations, but also increases patient comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to elucidate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of work‐related injuries (WRIs), synthesize the latest clinical evidence and conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines (PRISMA 2020). Observational studies published before April 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science were included. Random‐effects Mantel–Haenszel meta‐analysis was performed. A total of 15 studies with 21,507 participants were included. Prespecified subgroup analyses based on study design and the characteristics of the enrollees were conducted. Overall, workers with OSA had 1.64‐fold increased odds of being involved in WRIs compared to their counterparts (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.24–2.16, p = 0.0005). In addition to the professional drivers that have been studied in the past, such a trend also existed in the general working population (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.14–2.49, p = 0.01). We also found that workers with excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10) had a 1.68‐fold increased risk of WRIs compared to those with lower ESS scores (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.22–2.30, p = 0.002). This study verified that OSA workers had a higher risk of WRIs, and such correlations do not show obvious differences in subgroups with different sample sizes, OSA diagnosis methods, job types or definitions of WRI. Based on the association between OSA and WRIs identified in our study, further studies investigating the protective effects of early identification and management of OSA on WRIs are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational accidents continue to be a significant public health challenge worldwide. Construction workers in particular are at high risk of occupational accidents, and thus it is of major importance to identify possible predictors of occupational accidents among construction workers. We aimed to investigate the association between self-reported work pace and physical work demands and occupational accidents among ageing male construction workers in Denmark.Methods: Data on perceived work pace, physical work demands, and occupational accidents was acquired from questionnaires sent to ageing construction workers in Denmark in 2016 as part of the ALFA project (ALdring og Fysisk Arbejde; Ageing and Physical Work). A sample of 1270 Danish male construction workers above 50 years of age was included in the present study. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, with adjustments for age, smoking, body mass index, musculoskeletal disorders, occupation, work experience, and support at work.Results: Of 1270 construction workers, 166 (13.1%) reported an occupational accident within the last 12 months. There was no significant association between perceived work pace and occupational accidents, but physical work demands were associated with higher odds for occupational accidents, with an odds ratio of 2.27 (95% confidence interval 1.26-4.10) for medium physical work demands and 2.62 (95% confidence interval 1.50-4.57) for high physical work demands.Conclusions: Ageing male construction workers with high physical work demands had statistically significant higher odds of having an occupational accident. By contrast, perceived work pace was not associated with occupational accidents in this large cross-sectional study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Poultry activity exposes workers to accidents and unhealthy conditions with physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological risks. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to list risk factors in poultry farms in operational, behavioral, and environmental aspects. METHODS: We evaluated poultry farm workers through quantitative and qualitative analysis applying a semi-structured online questionnaire containing 58 questions to identify risks in the workplace and health implications. RESULTS: Most facilities were air-conditioned, workers performed their activities in a totally closed environment, with low light (1 to 10 lux), for more than 40 h/wk. Regarding accidents, 61%of workers claimed to have suffered some type of accident, 34%claimed to not use personal protection equipment, and 41%felt unable to perform their activities at some time due to health problems; handling animals and animal waste were the most significant biological risks; dust and ammonia corresponded to the most significant chemical risks; and electric shock, burns, and heat exposure were the most significant physical/accident risks. CONCLUSIONS: Workers expose themselves daily to physical, chemical, biological, psychosocial, and ergonomic risks. These exposures often lead to symptoms such as stress, headache, eye and mucous membrane disorders, respiratory diseases, back and muscle pain, depression, and symptoms often associated with Sick Building Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate retrospectively the burn injuries referred from our city region to our burn care unit. METHODS: 667 patients were admitted and hospitalised between Apri 2013- December 2018 to Burn Care Unit. All data including age, gender, burning etiology, total burning area of patient, stay of hospital time and period, microbiologic culture results of burning, surgical operations and mortality were recorded and analysed statistically. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 15.2 years (0-86 years). The burn trauma was found the most frequently in 0-12 pediatric age group (421 cases, 63.1 %) and this group was followed by 19-59 age group (184 cases, 27.5 %) as second most frequently. 398 patients (59.7%) were male and 269 (40.3%) were female. The most and second frequent etiologic factors in this study were scolding (438 patients, 65.6%) and flame burning (109 patients, 16.3%) respectively. While scolding was the most frequent reason (83.8%) in pediatric age group, flame burning was found most frequently (34.7%) in adult age group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: With these results we think that more educations and preventive measures of burning especially for children needs to be taken in our region. It was found that most of burning traumas can be prevent with home accident educations, simple preventive home measures and occupational safety measures. Consequently, physical and psychological morbidities, mortalities and burden financial loss can be minimized.

A study of work accidents in forests has shown that dangerous trees play an important role in forest accidents. Despite the importance of safe working environments for forestry operations, the definition of these areas in natural forests is still unclear. Dangerous trees are considered those snagged with broken branches and a canopy or ones with dead trunks and stumps that have a hazard potential to the forest workers. This study investigates the frequency of these trees in the managed and unmanaged forests in the Caspian forests of Iran. In order to do the study, 15 circular plots with a total area of 1,000 square metres in two studied parcels were selected and the trees, according to their dangerous characteristics, were evaluated. The final results indicated that 66 and 50 trees per hectare had signs of being dangerous trees in the managed and unmanaged stand, respectively. A comparison of the average number of dangerous trees in the two studied parcels using the Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference so that the average number of dangerous trees in the managed parcel was more than the ummanaged parcel. Trees with broken branches had the highest frequency in the managed stand, while trees with a dead trunk or stump, a broken branch and canopy in the unmanaged forest were more than the other classes. Considering the relative frequency of the dangerous trees in the two study areas, identifying them could be one of the main attempts in logging safety. The existence of hazardous trees with different risk classes in each of the forest stands requires the development of specific safety instructions to deal with the risks of each tree.

OBJECTIVES: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effect of a participatory organizational intervention for improved use of assistive devices (AD) in patient transfer. METHODS: We randomly allocated 27 departments from five hospitals in Denmark to a participatory intervention (14 clusters, 316 healthcare workers) or a control group (13 clusters, 309 healthcare workers). The intervention consisted of 2×2 hour workshops with managers, the hospital’s health and safety staff, and 2–5 healthcare workers from each department. Based on an assessment of barriers and solutions conducted prior to randomization, participants developed an action plan for implementing department-specific solutions for improving the use of AD. Use of necessary AD (using digital counters as primary outcome), and general use of AD (using accelerometers as secondary outcome), pain intensity in the low-back, work-related back injuries during patient transfer, and communication and guidance in the use of AD were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Use of necessary AD (primary outcome), low-back pain, and back injuries did not change in the intervention compared with control group at 12-month follow-up. However, general use of AD measured with accelerometers as well as communication and guidance improved significantly in the intervention versus control group. CONCLUSION: The intervention did not result in more frequent use of the necessary AD but led to more general use of AD, as well as increased communication and guidance.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus raised many legal questions concerning the sufficiency of existing laws to address the implications of the pandemic. Amongst them is whether the employee is entitled to compensation when infected with the virus. The incident of infection is distinct compared to common work-related injuries. This is because of the covert nature of the infection and the time needed for the effects of the infection to appear on the employee, on the one hand, and the difficulty of establishing the link between the occurrence of the accident and the worker’s profession on the other. The study discusses the most significant problems facing the employee's right to compensation in case of infectious diseases, due to the courts' adherence to traditional notions of work accidents that require the injury to result from a material and external event. This study is an attempt to draw attention to this problem and calls for the adoption of a broad concept of work accident in the context of an analytical study in the Kuwaiti and Qatari laws.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus raised many legal questions concerning the sufficiency of existing laws to address the implications of the pandemic. Amongst them is whether the employee is entitled to compensation when infected with the virus. The incident of infection is distinct compared to common work-related injuries. This is because of the covert nature of the infection and the time needed for the effects of the infection to appear on the employee, on the one hand, and the difficulty of establishing the link between the occurrence of the accident and the worker’s profession on the other. The study discusses the most significant problems facing the employee's right to compensation in case of infectious diseases, due to the courts' adherence to traditional notions of work accidents that require the injury to result from a material and external event. This study is an attempt to draw attention to this problem and calls for the adoption of a broad concept of work accident in the context of an analytical study in the Kuwaiti and Qatari laws.

The current industrial development is getting more advanced and developing every year. However, these developments have not been matched by awareness in understanding and carrying out work in accordance with good occupational health and safety regulations so that work accidents still occur in every industrial environment, including the plywood industry. The general objective of this study is to analyze the circumstances that affect the incidence of corporate work accidents in Jember, Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study, using an analytic observational research design with a cross sectional method. The population used was all the rotary plywood industry workers of PT. X Jember Regency as many as 339 workers, with a sample size of 76 people. The sampling technique used in this study was quota random sampling. The results showed that there was an influence between unsafe actions on the incidence of work accidents with the Sig. .042, and there is an influence between unsafe conditions and work accidents with the Sig. .016. The occurrence of work accidents does not just happen but happens because of something wrong either because of the fault of the worker or because of the unsafe conditions of the worker or the work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lorsqu'un geste suicidaire est imputé au travail, outre la qualification d'accident du travail, la faute inexcusable de l'employeur, fondée sur son obligation de sécurité, peut être retenue, si celui-ci avait conscience du danger encouru par son subordonné et n'a pas pris les mesures nécessaires pour l'en préserver. Deux points ressortent. D'une part, le risque suicidaire n'est pas toujours prévisible, ce qui amène à une réflexion plus générale sur sa prévention. D'autre part, depuis 2015 et jusqu'à présent, coexistaient deux conceptions de l'obligation de sécurité, nouvelle en droit du travail et, constante, en droit de la sécurité sociale, le contentieux relevant de deux chambres distinctes de la Cour de cassation. Trois arrêts, en date du 8 octobre, rendus par la deuxième chambre civile de la haute juridiction semblent s'orienter vers une harmonisation de la jurisprudence. En conséquence, il convient d'apprécier leur portée, notamment quant aux mesures préventives attendues de l'employeur. When a suicidal act is attributed to work, in addition to the qualification of a work accident, the employer's inexcusable fault, based on his obligation of safety, can be retained if the latter was aware of the danger incurred by his subordinate and did not take the necessary measures to protect him. Two points stand out. On the one hand, the risk of suicide is not always predictable, which leads to a more general thinking on its prevention. On the other hand, since 2015, two conceptions regarding the obligation of security have coexisted, new in labour law and, constant in social security law, with litigation falling under two separate chambers of the High Court. Three judgments from October 8, issued by the second civil chamber of the High Court appear to be moving towards a harmonization of case law. Consequently, their scope should be assessed, in particular regarding the preventive measures expected from the employer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patrimonial liability is the most common form of liability, being attracted in case of non-compliance with the legal norms, in order to protect the social values indispensable for the normal functioning of a company. Legal employment relationships are one of the most common areas in which joint and several liability is applied, namely in the case of work accidents resulting in personal injury to employees, which can cause them including permanent disabilities and can be caused by deficiencies in specific equipment used, as well as the lack of effective training in the field of labour protection. Establishing guilt and attracting civil liability is done in relation to the concrete conditions of the accident, the duties of employees according to job descriptions, but also the concrete actions they performed during the program or in connection with work duties. The article presents the applicability of the legal norms in the matter of civil liability to a practical case in which the courts have held joint and several liability of employees and employers in case of accidents at work, referring to the legal conditions to be met, with implications in criminal law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace safety is a global public health issue. Re-constructing an accident can prove extremely complicated, especially when the event occurs without direct witnesses or when the scene is altered. In these cases, it is essential to adopt proper investigation pro-tocols in order to ensure the correct reconstruction of the dynamics., Case Report: A man was found unconscious on the ground, having fallen from a height of approximately 2 meters, where there was a cabin in which a conveyor belt of raw materials for the production of cement ran. At the end of the path of this belt a scraper was found. An autopsy was carried out and the scraper present at the scene was examined and compared with the injuries on the victim. After the autopsy, the investigators returned to the scene and collected the traces found in the cabin. At the end of collecting the traces, the investigators simulated the dynamics of the event by turning on the conveyor belt and placing a scraper of the same dimensions and characteristics as the one found at the scene inside the cabin., Conclusion: The autopsy showed a maxillofacial trauma with multiple bruises on the face and a serious fracture of the epistropheus tooth. This trauma was therefore incompatible with a simple fall from 2 meters. The investigators created an experimental model that demonstrated a very high energy rebound of the tape when placed in contact with the scraper. This reconstruction made it possible to carry out a single report with the data collected by the medical examiner and the investigators, which was effective and exhaustive, allowing the Authority to be provided with the evidence to continue the investigations about the responsibilities of the worker and the employer.

Objective: To assess the case of work accidents during period (2009–2022) based on work shifts, workers age, and accident types. Method: The study design was a time series design with data on work accidents at the company period 2009–2015 as the population. Results: The variable work shift in 2009–2015 was dominated by work accidents on morning shift and night shift of 0.47%. After a projection, it was found that work accidents occurring during the shift will drop from 0.22% to 0.11%. For the years 2009–2015, accidents were dominated by age group of >50 years with a percentage of 0.52%. In 2022 for that category fell by 0%. For work accidents that occurred in 2009–2015, the most cases were falling from a height with a percentage of 0.76–0.17%. In the next seven years, the projection results obtained the highest results turned into work accident with dangerous substances with a percentage of 0.17% in 2016 and increased to 0.30% in 2022. Conclusions: The trends and predictions from 2016 to 2022 were a decrease in work accidents based on work, a decrease in accidents based on the workers age, and also a decrease on the variable type of accident.