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During the War on Terror, when high rates of violence were occurring and schools were being forcefully torn down in Swat Valley of Pakistan, Malala Yousafzai fought for girls' education rights. At just 17 years old, Malala Yousafzai has inspired people around the world with her passion and determination to make sure girls everywhere can get an education. When the Taliban tried to silence her, Malala answered their brutality with strength and resolve. Soon in the international media, she was acclaimed as a brave hero and later honored with a Nobel Prize. She received a mixed response for her efforts in Pakistan. While some praised her, others thought her as an opportunist or believed that there was a Western conspiracy behind her promotion on an international level. This article explores the disparities in media representation of Malala Yousafzai on global and local levels. Employing ethnographic research methods, we bring to light the perceptions of people from her hometown and juxtapose it with those of international media outlets. The article will help understand the complex controversies surrounding Yousafzai's struggle and legacy. Keywords: Malala Yousafzai, Media representation, Reception, Pakistan, Global media, Local media, Introduction This article describes Malala's depiction in the local and global media. Various sociocultural, political, and ideological discourses were used to describe her role at the societal, national, and global [...]

The gross composition of milk may affect the textural, compositional and microbiological properties of yoghurt. Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian milk procured from Dairy Animal Training and Research Center, B-block University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki and Nili Ravi buffalo milk procured from Nili Ravi buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattoki. All other ingredients purchased from Sigma Aldrich Germany through local suppliers. Milk was standardized to 15% total solids with 3.5% fat. Skim Milk Powder (SMP) was used for the standardization of the yogurt. Milk was pasteurized at 82oC for 5 minutes and cool down to 43℃ and at this temperature starter culture was added. Yogurt batch incubated at 43℃ for 3 to 3.5 h. During this period pH was monitored regularly and as the pH drops to 4.6, the batch was shifted to blast chilling at 1-2℃ and then stored at 4℃. Sensory evaluation of all yogurt samples was carried out on a 9-point hedonic scale. All the tests were carried out on day 0, 7, 14 and 21. The collected data was investigated through ANOVA technique under complete randomized design (CRD) using SAS 9.1 software. The results showed that yoghurt made from Nili Ravi buffalo milk (To) showed a significant (p= 0.5) overall acceptability as compared to other treatments. Yoghurt made from Nili Ravi buffalo milk (To) were followed by T3, T4, T1 and T5 respectively. The Nili Ravi buffalo milk showed higher acceptability to the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, stochastic functional differential equations (SFDEs) pose a challenge as they often lack explicit exact solutions. Consequently, it becomes necessary to seek certain favorable conditions under which numerical solutions can converge towards the exact solutions. This article aims to delve into the convergence analysis of solutions for stochastic functional differential equations by employing the framework of G-Brownian motion. To establish the goal, we find a set of useful monotone type conditions and work within the space C r ((− ∞ , 0 ] ; R n) . The investigation conducted in this article confirms the mean square boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, this study enables us to compute both L G 2 and exponential estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research critically investigated the intervening effect of psychological safety and the role of Leader member exchange (LmX) as a moderator on inclusive leadership and employee pro-social rule-breaking. The study analyzed the data gathered via survey questionnaires from 250 workers in the insurance and banking sectors in Peshawar. The validity and reliability of the scales were verified, and hypotheses were tested. The research comes to the conclusion that inclusive leadership has a positive effect on Pro-Social Rules breaking (PsRb). The research also found that psychological safety affects the relationship between Inclusive leadership (InCl) and employees’ pro-social rules breaking (PsRb). The researcher also noticed that the relationship between InCl and Psychological Safety (PsySafety) is moderated by LmX, which indicates that high LmX implies a high relationship between InCl and PsySafety and low LmX means a low relationship between the two. The study recommended that the insurance and banking sectors should adopt inclusive leadership characteristics to encourage employees to work for organizational benefits, customers and their colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is known that high-quality human resource management (HRM) contributes to organizational performance, the process through which individual outcomes are influenced is understudied. Further, not all HRM practices are similarly influential in making impact on performance. We introduce and empirically test a theoretical model that explores the mechanism through which discretionary HRM practices influence employees' attitudes and behaviors. Employing a three-wave dataset collected from full-time employees (478 employees in Time 1, 266 employees in Time 2, and 235 employees in Time 3), we identify the mediating role of career satisfaction and organizational identification and the moderating role of work engagement as relevant factors in the relationship between perceived discretionary HRM practices and employees' knowledge sharing behavior and turnover intentions. The analysis, based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), has validated the proposed model. The theoretical contribution we offer expands the understanding of role of HRM in shaping work behaviors and outcomes. The study identifies the unique impact of perceived discretionary HR practices on individual and organizational factors, in particular, the important issue of knowledge sharing. The major added value we bring to the literature is about the relevance and impact of discretionary HR practices and the implications it offers to HRM and line managers. Using the findings, organizations can tailor HRM system to fit their position and characteristics and develop 'best practice' to fit their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the cross-lagged relationships between interpersonal conflict types (i.e., task, process, and relationship) and individual innovative job performance (IJP). We also examine the moderating roles of employees' goal orientations (mastery and performance goal orientations) in these relationships. Utilizing time-lagged data collected from 235 Pakistani employees, we observed negative associations between task, process, and relationship conflicts and employee IJP. Furthermore, we found that employee mastery goal orientation reduces the detrimental effects of interpersonal conflict types on IJP, while performance goal orientation increases these negative effects. This study sheds light on the adverse impacts of interpersonal conflict types on employees' IJP and elucidates the influence of employee goal orientations on these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted petrographic, geochemical, and new U-Pb laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry analyses of detrital zircons in the sandstone samples from the important Mengqiguer sandstone-type uranium deposit located in the Yili basin of the Xishanyao Formation. This formation (Shuixigou Group) is a major uranium-bearing target stratum in the basin. The main purpose of our investigations was to determine the provenance of the host sand units that has remained unclear to date. Our petrographic results suggested that the host sandstone is texturally and chemically immature, indicating superior physicochemical conditions for later uranium mineralisation. The major and trace element data of the detrital sandstone samples point towards the upper continental crust, and the chondrite-normalised rare earth element (REE) plots show enriched light REE and relatively flat heavy-REE distribution, with a negative Eu anomaly. The characteristics of the REEs and the trace elements point to felsic rocks as the provenance of the target strata with a continental arc tectonic setting. The detrital zircons indicate an age span of~235-~2327 Ma, with major age populations of~300-~500 Ma. The increasing amount of zircon grains from the Late Devonian to the Early Carboniferous coinciding with the age of volcanic magmatic activities of the Wusun and Nalati mountains indicates that the rocks formed under the Tianshan collisional orogeny and the subsequent extensional environment. Key words: Middle Jurassic Yili basin, northwest China, U-Pb detrital zircon age, Provenance. Nous avons effectue des analyses petrographiques, geochimiques et de spectrometrie de masse a source a plasma inductif avec ablation au laser de zircons detritiques d'echantillons de gres provenant de l'important gisement d'uranium de type gres de Mengqiguer, situe dans le bassin d'Yili de la Formation de Xishanyao. Cette formation (Groupe de Shuixigou) constitue une importante unite uranifere cible dans ce bassin. L'objectif principal de nos etudes consistait a determiner la provenance des unites de gres hotes, qui demeurait incertaine. Nos resultats petrographiques donnent a penser que le gres hote est immature tant sur le plan textural que chimique, indiquant des conditions physicochimiques propices a une mineralisation uranifere ulterieure. Les donnees sur les elements majeurs et en traces des echantillons de gres detritiques indiquent une provenance dans la croute continentale superieure, et les spectres des terres rares normalisees aux valeurs chondritiques montrent un enrichissement des terres rares legeres et une distribution relativement plane des terres rares lourdes, avec une anomalie en Eu negative. Les caracteristiques des terres rares et des elements en traces indiqueraient que la source des unites cibles serait constituee des roches felsiques dans un milieu tectonique d'arc continental. Les zircons detritiques definissent une fourchette d'ages allant de--235 Ma a--2327 Ma, avec des populations majeures d'ages allant de--300 Ma a--500 Ma. L'augmentation de l'abondance de grains de zircon du Devonien tardif au Carbonifere precoce, qui coincide avec l'age de l'activite magmatique volcanique des montagnes Wusun et Nalati, indique que les roches se sont formees durant l'orogenese de collision de Tianshan et dans le milieu d'extension qui a suivi. Mots-cles: bassin jurassique moyen d'Yili, nord-ouest de la Chine, age U-Pb sur zircons detritiques, provenance., 1. Introduction Sandstone-type uranium deposits, of which the worldwide resources total approximately 31%, are of greater economic significance compared with all the other known types (OCED 2010; Boberg 2010; Hall [...]

This article investigates the Carathéodory approximation scheme for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in the G‐Lévy process framework. In the context of the G‐Lévy process, the possibility of SDE solutions has been developed. The solution's boundedness and uniqueness have been discussed. The convergence of approximate Carathéodory solutions xi(t),i≥1$$ {x}^i(t),\kern0.3em i\ge 1 $$ to the unique solution x(t)$$ x(t) $$ of the given SDEs has been determined. The G‐Lévy framework is used to obtain exponential estimates for solutions to SDEs. An example has been provided to validate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheddar-type cheese produced from buttermilk had softer texture than standard cheddar cheese due to lower fat content of buttermilk. Fat is extremely important for the functional characteristics and optimum textural attributes of cheese. The effect of different fat contents of buttermilk on chemical characteristics of cheddar-type cheese is not previously investigated. This investigation was conducted to know the effect of different fat contents of buttermilk on fatty acids composition, organic acids, vitamins, lipolysis and sensory characteristics of cheddar-type cheese. Cheddar-type cheese was produced from buttermilk having 1, 1.75, 2.50 and 3.25% fat contents (control, T1, T2 and T3). Fat content of control, T1, T2 and T3 were 9.81, 16.34, 25.17 and 31.19%. Fatty acids profile was determined on GC--MS, organic acids and vitamin A and E were determined on HPLC. Free fatty acids, peroxide value and cholesterol were determined. Cheddarstyle cheese produced from buttermilk (1% fat) showed that it had softer texture and lacking typical cheese flavor. Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-- MS) analysis showed that long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in control, T1, T2 and T3 samples were 45.88, 45.78, 45.90 and 46.19 mg/100 g. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that lactic acid, propionic acid, citric acid and acetic acid gradually and steadily increased during the storage interval of 90 days. At the age of 90 days, lactic acid in control, T1, T2 and T13 was 4,789, 5,487, 6,571 and 8,049 ppm, respectively. At the end of ripening duration of 90 days, free fatty acids in control, T1, T2 and T3 were 0.29, 0.31, 0.35 and 0.42% with no difference in peroxide value. Stability of vitamin A after 90 days storage control, T1, T2 and T3 was 87.0, 80.0, 94.0 and 91.0%. Flavor score of cheddar-type cheese produced from butter milk having 1.0, 2.5 and 3.25% fat content was 81, 89 and 91% of total score (9). Hence, it is concluded that cheddar-type cheese can be produced from buttermilk having 2.5 and 3.25% fat contents with acceptable sensory attributes. Application of buttermilk for the production of other cheese varieties should be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a theoretical study investigating the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) reported inWuhan City of China in 2019. We develop a mathematical model based on the novel corona virus's characteristics and then use fractional calculus to fractionalize it. Various fractional order epidemicmodels have been formulated and analyzed using a number of iterative and numerical approacheswhile the complications arise due to singular kernel. We use the well-known Caputo-Fabrizio operator for the purposes of fictionalization because this operator is based on the non-singular kernel. Moreover, to analyze the existence and uniqueness, we will use the well-known fixed point theory. We also prove that the considered model has positive and bounded solutions. We also draw some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical work via graphical representations. We believe that the proposed epidemic model will be helpful for health officials to take some positive steps to control contagious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ice creams were produced from cow and buffalo milk using 15% sugar, 13% fat, 11% milk solids not fat, and 0.5% cremodan (TS 39.5%). Triglycerides from C26 to C36 were significantly higher in buffalo milk ice cream than cow milk ice cream. Milk type and storage both affected the fatty acid composition of ice cream samples. Concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in cow and buffalo milk ice cream samples were 24.4% and 29.9%, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity of buffalo milk ice cream was 18% higher than cow milk ice cream. Concentrations of vitamin A and E were significantly higher in buffalo milk ice cream samples. Buffalo milk ice cream had lower peroxide value and higher oxidative stability than cow milk ice cream. Induction period of cow and buffalo milk ice cream was 8.55 h and 10.79 h with no difference in sensory properties of both types of ice creams. Practical applications: Buffalo milk is widely used for the production of several value‐added dairy products and is the major source of milk in some Asian countries. However, due to limited research work, buffalo milk processing industry could not develop, and buffalo milk based dairy products are not available in markets of these countries. This research work can be helpful for the dairy industries to produce ice cream from buffalo milk at commercial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is applied to solve nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). First, the given equation is reduced to time-discrete form using Ө-weighted scheme. Then, with the help of RBFs, the given PDEs are transformed into a system of algebraic equations that is easy to solve. The proposed technique is verified by solving Hunter–Saxton and Gardner equations. For the solution of these problems, three types of RBFs, including multiquadric (MQ), inverse multiquadric (IMQ), and Gaussian (GA) have been used. The obtained solution is validated with the help of absolute error, L2, and L∞ error norms. The involved shape parameter is selected by the automatic algorithm that lies in the stable region of the method. The stability of the scheme is discussed by the spectral matrix method and validated computationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a model and investigate the temporal dynamics of the transmission of the novel coronavirus. The main sources of the coronavirus disease were bats and unknown hosts, which left the infection in the seafood market and became the major cause of the spread among the population. Evidence shows that the infection spiked due to the interaction between humans. Hence, the formulation of the model proposed in this study is based on human-to-human and reservoir-to-human interaction. We formulate the model by keeping in view the esthetic of the novel disease. We then fractionalize it with the application of fractional calculus. Particularly, we will use the Caputo–Fabrizio operator for fractionalization. We analyze the existence and uniqueness of the well-known fixed point theory. Moreover, it will be proven that the considered model is biologically and mathematically feasible. We also calculate the threshold quantity (reproductive number) to discuss steady states and to show that the particular epidemic model is stable asymptotically under some restrictions. We also discuss the sensitivity analysis of the threshold quantity to find the relative impact of every epidemic parameter on the transmission of the coronavirus disease. Both the global and local properties of the proposed model will be analyzed for the developed model using the mean value theorem, Barbalat's lemma, and linearization. We also performed some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical work via some graphical representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present article is to investigate the concepts of existences and stability for neutral stochastic functional differential equations (NSFDEs) driven by G‐Lévy process. Under non‐Lipschitz assumption the existence and uniqueness result for solutions of NSFDEs based on G‐Lévy process has been acquired. The results have been deducted by using the Bihari inequality, H ölder inequality and the Burkholder–Davis–Gundy (BDG) type inequalities of the G‐framework. In addition, the mean square stability has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to examine work-related exposure to trauma and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among regional journalists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, a conflict-ridden area in northwest Pakistan. We recruited 216 KP journalists. Analysis of the surveys revealed a high prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. All of the participants had covered at least one trauma inducing event. Exposure to work-related trauma, active emotional coping and avoidant emotional coping were statistically significant factors associated with PTSD symptoms. This study is the first to highlight the severity of the impact of trauma on regional journalists in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explains the depiction of violence in Pashtu movies and its impact on the youth's behaviour in Pashtun society. Quantitative techniques have been employed for this purpose for which data were collected from the youth through questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were, thus, collected from 360 respondents using purposive sampling technique. It was found that Pashtu movies have significant impact on the youth's behaviour. Pashtu movies romanticised the Pashtun cultural violence. The primary data shows significant (p=0.000) association between the Pashtu movies and violent impact on the youth's behaviour. Violent character is presented as a brave and honourable person of Pashtun society in Pashtu movies. Moreover, it was found that Pashtu movies inject violence into the minds of the youth thereby making them imitate the violent character of villain or hero in their real lives. It is the responsibility of the censor boards to keep check on the violence which is shown in Pashtu movies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study is designed to understand reporting traumatic incidents in Pakistani media and the individual level factors that influence a journalist's decision while covering a traumatic incident and his/her decision of selecting information to include in or exclude from news. This study uses a qualitative research design to analyze the research question. The researcher used in-depth interviews with journalists in Peshawar and Tribal Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Thirty journalists were recruited (news reporters, editors and photographers) working for media (print, broadcast and online), whose primary beat is 'crime' or "violent events" along with other beats. The participants of the study were selected by purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thematic Analysis as a method was used to analyze the data, i.e., interviews with journalists. The data was examined through the lens of the Hierarchy of Influences Model (HOI), which is an extension of the Gatekeeping Theory. The findings show that education, training, experience, focus on crime and conflict, newsworthiness of the story, self-promotion, and Job security influence a journalist's decision while covering a traumatic incident in Pakistani media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic max phase composite (MNPs- Ti3AlC2) was synthesized in the laboratory and used for the adsorption and recovery of hexavalent chromium from Tannery wastewater. Maximum adsorption of Cr (IV), about 99% was found to occur at pH 3, 100 mg adsorbent dose for 30 mL sample and 5 min vortex time in presence of various competing ions. About 98 ± 1 % of Cr (IV) was easily recovered from the adsorbent surface by alkaline leaching. The adsorption process was found to bespontaneous, endothermic, and followed pseudo second order kinetics. Longmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were also applied to the adsorption data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present the analysis of stochastic functional differential equations in the G‐framework (G‐SFDEs) with monotone type conditions. The existence–uniqueness theorem has been proved. The exponential and LG2 estimates have been obtained. We have derived that the Lyapunov exponent of the solution is less than K(1+2c1+4c22). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sheep farming is an important source of livelihood in the southern Khyber Pakhtun Khwa province of Pakistan where they are reared under extensive system (ES). This system has limitations of improper feeding, rearing, and management which negatively affect their productivity. The present study compares different rearing systems and their stresses on fertility, behavior, and growth rate potential of two sheep breeds of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Eighty ewes were selected; forty each from Damani and Balkhi breeds reared in semi-intensive system (SIS) and ES at Paharpur district, Dera Ismail Khan. Blood samples were collected in triplicate on days 0, 14, and 28 of May, and the molecular and behavioral stress, growth, and fertility rates were recorded. Results: The highest growth and fertility rate were observed in both the breeds in SIS than in ES (p < 0.01). The values of stress indicators (cortisol, heat shock protein (HSP-70)) and behavioral stress parameters were found lower in Damani breed as compared to Balkhi breed in both rearing systems (p < 0.01). All the molecular stress and behavioral stress parameters were negatively associated with metabolic hormones (T3 and T4) (p < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed among all the molecular stress and behavioral stress parameters (p < 0.01). Similarly, T3 and T4 were positively interlinked to one another (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that both Damani and Balkhi sheep showed lower stress levels and better fertility and growth parameter in SIS than ES system of rearing. Local Damani breed exhibited well tolerant ability and genetic adaptation to the local environment as compared to Balkhi breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this focus essay I discuss how the Taliban understand the Coronavirus in Afghanistan. I make the point that they see it as a political event of significance for establishing their legitimacy, as well as to press the US and the Afghan government to come to their terms in the War on Terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatid disease-a parasitic medical condition caused by echinococcus, is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall is very rare and only nine cases have been reported so far in the literature. This study presents a case of primary hydatid chest wall in a patient with right infraclavicular swelling that increased in size suddenly. A 35 year-old lady presented to the Surgical Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital with a two and a half year history of right infraclavicular chest wall lump which increased in size abruptly Upon investigation the Computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest showed a complex multiseptated hypodense lesion in the right pectoralis muscle with no involvement of underlying clavicle or rib. She was booked for exploration under general anaesthesia electively. The lump revealed multiple daughter cysts with the characteristics of germinal layers and ecto cysts of hydatid cysts. The patient had a stable recovery in the postoperative period and was sent home on medical treatment. On follow up she was fine; the wound had healed and there was no swelling in the surgical site. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall is a very rare disease, so this case is a piece of good evidence to consider hydatid cyst in the differential diagnosis of any cystic mass in any part of the body, especially in endemic areas. Radical peri-cystectomy followed by chemotherapy with albendazole is all that is needed for the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various socio-economic and political factors spur the sectarian violence in Pakistan. This research study investigates factors behind the growing sectarian violence in the wake of war against terror in the tribal belt of Pakistan. The main purpose of this research paper is to know the relationship between terrorism and sectarian violence after US led war on terror. Various local and trans-national terrorist groups have fueled the local sectarianism for their own interest. Terrorists' organization have encouraged and motivated local people for sectarian clashes, which have destroyed the bond of unity between the local sects which were existed before new wave of terrorism. The current wave of sectarian violence cannot be controlled without eradication of terrorism of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic solid phase extraction methods for the preconcentration of Pd(II) and Cd(II) was developed by using reduced graphene oxide-polychloroprene impregnated with magnetic nanoparticle (MNPsRGO-PCP) as an adsorbent. MNPs-RGO-PCP was synthesized and characterized by using Fourier transformation infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope. Factors affecting extraction efficiency of the adsorbents such as solution pH, vortex time, adsorbent dose, sample volume and desorption condition were determined and optimized. Analytical parameters such as limit of detection, limit of quantification, linear range, preconcentration factors, enhancement factors and % relative standard deviations were determined under optimized experimental condition. Kinetic study shows that the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on MNPs-RGO-PCP follows pseudosecond-order kinetics. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and entropy (ΔS°) show that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in nature. The developed method was applied to certified reference materials such as TMDA 52.2 environmental water, TMDA 62.2 environmental water and SPS-WW2 wastewater with satisfied recovery results. The method was also applied to real environmental samples such as dam water, river water and water from industrial effluent with good addition recovery results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Effect of supplementing cheddar cheese with chia oil on omega fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and lipolysis of cheddar cheese was investigated. Milk fat was partially replaced with chia oil, i.e., 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (T1, T2, T3, and T4). Cheese prepared from 100% milk fat served as control, ripened at 6 °C for 90 days. Concentration of α‐linolenic acid in control and T3 was 0.51 and 12.55%. HPLC characterization revealed the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, phenolic glycoside‐k, and phenolic glycoside‐Q in T3 were 0.15, 0.26, 0.62, 1.55, and 1.97 mg/mL. Concentration of cholesterol in 90 days ripened control and T3 was 119 and 92 mg/100 g with lower concentration of organic acids and no difference in sensory characteristics of cheddar cheese up to T3 level. These results suggest that concentration of omega fatty acids and phenolic compounds can be enhanced in cheddar cheese by supplementing with chia oil. Practical applications: Health benefits associated with the intake of omega fatty acids and natural antioxidants are scientifically established, demand for functional foods is increasing throughout the world. Cheddar cheese can be supplemented with chia oil to enhance the concentration of beneficial omega fatty acids and phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to examine the role of FM Radios in the dissemination of different type of news and information through various contents in their daily broadcasting. To achieve the objectives of the study, as quantitative methodology, the researchers used the survey technique for data collection. A questionnaire was distributed among 300 respondents in Peshawar city, while data was collected through the simple random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that each of the eight FM Radio stations working in Peshawar, which cover most of KP, PATA, FR and FATA, have their own objectives of broadcasting, like education, information and entertainment. The study shows that the number of designed programs broadcasted for FM radio stations for news and information fulfil the needs of the audiences in Peshawar. This research has also shown the compatibility with the Uses and Gratification Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation aims at studying a Euler-Maruyama (EM) approximate solutions scheme for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in the framework of G-Brownian motion. Subject to the growth condition, it is shown that the EM solutions $ Z^q(t)$ are bounded, in particular, $ Z^q(t)\in M_G^2([t_0,T];\mathbb{R}^n)$ . Letting Z( t) as a unique solution to SDEs in the G-framework and utilizing the growth and Lipschitz conditions, the convergence of $ Z^q(t)$ to Z( t) is revealed. The Burkholder-Davis-Gundy (BDG) inequalities, Hölder's inequality, Gronwall's inequality and Doobs martingale's inequality are used to derive the results. In addition, without assuming a solution of the stated SDE, we have shown that the Euler-Maruyama approximation sequence $ \{Z^q(t)\}$ is Cauchy in $ M_G^2([t_0,T];\mathbb{R}^n)$ thus converges to a limit which is a unique solution to SDE in the G-framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]