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Kluyveromyces marxianus S1.17, obtained by electroporation-mediated genome shuffling between K. marxianus G2-16-1, a cellobiase-producing yeast, and Pichia stipitis JCM 10742T, gave a maximum ethanol production level (of 0.86 g/L) from the hydrolysate of dilute sulfuric acid treated sugarcane leaves when treated under aerobic conditions for 72 h, compared to the ethanol production level of 4.73 g/L from the acidtreated sugarcane leaves fermented by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process under oxygen-limited conditions. The total ethanol produced from sugarcane leaves by K. marxianus S1.17 was 5.59 g/L (0.10 g/g, dry weight). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste cassava tuber fibers (wCTF), derived from the ethanolic fermentation of cassava tubers, have potential use as anatural adsorption immobilization carrier. Ethanol fermentation was conducted using 15% (w/v) glucose-containing mediumat 40 °C for 48 h by Saccharomyces cerevisiae G6-2-2 (1.3 × 1010cells). Ethanol concentration produced by free, wCTF (1.2 g dry weight) adsorbed, wCTFadsorbed-calcium alginate entrapped, and calcium alginate entrapped cellswere 42.10 ± 0.61, 67.35 ± 0.53, 52.10 ± 0.40, and 46.45 ± 0.18 g/L (0.34, 0.45, 0.35, and 0.31 g ethanol/g reducing sugar), respectively. The wCTF adsorbed cells produced a maximum ethanol yield of 82.15 ± 0.48 g/L (0.43 g ethanol/g total sugar) from molasses (20% w/v initial total sugar) after 48 h, compared to 74 g/L to 76 g/L and 48 h to 100 h for the free suspension cells. The increase in ethanol produced by the wCTF adsorbed cells compared to free cells reflected that the cells were protected from environmental stresses and received amino nitrogen from the wCTF that supported growth and ethanol tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Three novel spore-forming bacteria, designated strains PP-18T, JC-4, and JC-7, isolated from soils in Thailand, were taxonomically characterized using polyphasic approach. • Weizmannia acidilactici sp. nov. is proposed for PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, ANI, and DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values compared to those of W. coagulans LMG 6326T and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078T. • Weizmannia strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 produced l -lactic acid from glucose in the range of 45.35–47.75 g/L with the yield of 0.63–0.76 g/g and productivity of 0.63–0.66 g/L·h. The strains designed PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 isolated from soils, were Gram-stain-positive rods, facultative anaerobe, endospore-forming bacteria. The strains produced l -lactic acid from glucose. They showed positive for catalase but negative for oxidase, nitrate reduction and arginine hydrolysis. Strains P-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 were closely related to Weizmannia coagulans LMG 6326T (97.27–97.64%) and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078T (96.46–96.74%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. They contained meso -diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids of strain PP-18T were iso -C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 , iso-C 16:0 and anteiso-C 15:0. The ANIb and ANIm values among the genomes of strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 are above 99.4% while their ANIb and ANIm values among them and W. coagulans LMG 6326T and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078T were ranged from 76.61 to 79.59%. These 3 strains showed the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 20.7–23.6% when compared with W. coagulans LMG 6326T and W. acidiproducens DSM 23148T. The DNA G + C contents of strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 were 45.82%, 45.86% and 45.86%, respectively. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipids. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and whole-genome analysis indicated that the strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 should be represented as a novel species within the genus Weizmannia for which the name Weizmannia acidilactici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PP-18T (=KCTC 33974T = NBRC 113028T = TISTR 2515T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two bacterial isolates from wild elephant faeces and 4 isolates from buffalo faeces in Thailand were investigated for probiotic properties and their lactic acid production. On the basis of their phenotypic characteristic clustering and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were divided into seven groups. Group I (10 isolates) was identified as Enterococcus hirae, group II (4 isolates) as E. avium, group III (3 isolates) as Pediococcus pentosaceus, IV (3 isoaltes) as P. acidilactici, group V (3 isolates) as Lactobacillus pentosus, group VI (1 isolate) as Lactococcus garvieae and group VII (2 isolates) as Weissella paramesenteroides. All of the bacterial isolates were examined for their potentially probiotic properties in acid and bile tolerance as well as in inhibition of cancer cells proliferation by MTT assay. Although the isolates showed no significant effects on human monocytic U937 cells and colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells proliferation, P. acidilactici EL8-2 exhibited the ability to tolerate in the acidic conditions and bile salts. Therefore, P. acidilactici EL8-2 may be regarded as probiotic strains. For lactic acid fermentation with glucose, it was found that E. hirae BF14-1 produced 100% optically pure L(+)-lactic acid while W. paramesenteroides BF13-3 produced 99.79% D (-)-lactic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-stain-positive, lactic acid-producing bacterium designed strain MK21-7T, was isolated from tree bark collected from the north east of Thailand. This strain was a facultatively anaerobic spore-forming rod that was catalase-negative. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. Major fatty acids of MK21-7T were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. Polar lipids were phosphatidglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, three unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it represented a member of the genus Sporolactobacillus. MK21-7T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sporolactobacillus terrae NBRC 101527T with 98.4 % similarity and exhibited 97.6 % similarity with Sporolactobacillus kofuensis NRIC 0334T, 97.5 % with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus NRIC 0361T, 97.3 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.nakayamae NRIC 0347T and 97.1 % with Sporolactobacillus nakayamaesubsp.racemicus NBRC 101524T. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing revealed that the position of MK21-7T was clearly separated from all related species of the genus Sporolactobacillus. It had low DNA-DNA relatedness (22.8-57.2 %) with S. terrae NBRC 101527T and related type strains. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. On the basis of the results of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic studies, MK21-7T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sporolactobacillus for which the name Sporolactobacillus shoreicorticis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK21-7T (=NBRC 111517T=LMG 29111T=TISTR 2466T).

A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, strain NK26-11T, was isolated from soil in Thailand. This strain produced d-lactic acid from glucose homofermentatively, and grew at 20-45 °C and pH 5-8.5. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7), the DNA G+C content was 42.6 mol%, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, strain NK26-11T was closely related to Bacillus solimangrovi JCM 18994T (93.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Pullulanibacillus naganoensis LMG 12887T (93.32 %), Sporolactobacillus inulinus NRIC 1133T (92.99 %), Tuberibacillus calidus JCM 13397T (92.98 %) and Thalassobacillus devorans DSM 16966T ( < 90.93 %). Strain NK26-11T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related genera based on phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content, and thus represents a novel species of a new genus between the Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus cluster, for which the name Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is NK26-11T ( = LMG 27803T = TISTR 2241T = PCU 335T).

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was developed as a method for quantitative determination of gibberellic acid (GA3) in fermentation broth and commercial products, using 25 mM disodium tetraborate as a buffer at pH 9.2 and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate as a micellar phase. The baseline resolution (Rs of GA3 from other compounds in fermentation broth was achieved with Rs > 2.5. The addition of methanol or acetonitrile in the MEKC buffer did not give a better resolution. Advantages of this MEKC method include high accuracy and precision and no sample preparation except for dilution and filtration.