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Abstract Correlation between rainfall and short period GPS-TEC (total electron content) variations are investigated by using the precipitation data obtained on the ground and estimated from satellite observations (JAXA/GSMaP) as a proxy of lower atmospheric wave activity. The GPS-TEC data obtained at a tropical station, PHIM, in Phimai, Thailand, for 2014–2020, and the data obtained at a mid-latitude station, NAKG, in Tokara Nakanoshima Island, Japan, for 2017–2019, are examined. A statistical analysis of MEM (maximum entropy method) power spectral density (PSD) in the period range from 50 to 1200 s over PHIM clearly shows an enhancement in the cases of rainfall from that in no-rainfall cases, in particular, on the dusk side. The enhancement is observed both acoustic wave periods less than 5–6 min and internal gravity wave periods more than 10 min. The enhancement after sunset could be an effect of strong rainfall more frequent on the dusk side than that in other local time, or it could suggest the importance of ionospheric electron density profile change for the TEC variation. On the other hand, the PSD does not show such clear enhancement over NAKG on the dusk side, although it shows a small enhancement on both dayside and night-side. A clear PSD bulge near the main vertical acoustic resonance periods, i.e., around 275 s, appears in the average PSD profile of the TEC at PHIM, which suggests that the resonance effect contribute to some extent the PSD enhancement under rainy condition. An event analysis also suggests the contribution of acoustic resonance to the enhancement of the short period TEC variation. A complicated spatial distribution of TEC oscillation over a rainfall area around PHIM, where the TEC oscillations with various periods co-exist, is presented. Graphical Abstract

Abstract In mid- and low-latitude ionospheric F-region on the dayside, magnetic field and electron density (Ne) fluctuations with amplitude smaller than a few nT and 1–2% of Ne, respectively, are commonly observed. Their spatial scale along satellite orbit is around 70–250 km. It is presumed that they are generated by the waves propagated from lower atmosphere. However, the mode of waves (acoustic wave or internal gravity wave) and their source are not yet clear. Among the possible sources, cumulus convection and/or associated rainfall are considered to be the strong candidates for the atmospheric wave generation. We use the rainfall estimated by the hourly Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (JAXA/GSMaP) as a proxy of lower atmospheric disturbance as the wave source, and compare the rainfall with the amplitude of magnetic fluctuations (magnetic ripples) and electron density fluctuations observed by the Swarm satellites. The data from April 2014 to July 2020 are used. The global distribution of rainfall estimated by the GSMaP and its seasonal variation have similarities with amplitude distribution of magnetic ripples and electron density fluctuations on the dayside. We calculate the ratio of their magnitude, i.e., amplitude of magnetic ripples or electron density fluctuations in rainfall cases to those in no-rainfall cases. Although the longitudinally averaged ratio is not very large but around 1.1–1.2 in ± 10– ± 50° Apex latitudes, it is clearly larger than 1.0. The ratio increases when the intensity of rainfall (mm/h) increases. These results indicate that a cumulous convection which causes rainfall is one of the main sources of atmospheric waves that produce magnetic ripples and electron density fluctuations commonly observed in the dayside ionosphere. Anticipating acoustic waves as the driver of magnetic ripples and electron density variations, a difference in the generation mechanism of electron density fluctuations from that of magnetic ripples is suggested even if their sources are common. Graphical abstract

Abstract Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma that selectively affects small blood vessels. We report a patient who presented with dyspnea and weight loss as well as refractory shock and multiple‐organ dysfunction. The postmortem revealed disseminated involvement of an IVL but no evidence of infection.

Abstract The Swarm satellites observed small-amplitude (0.1–5 nT) magnetic fluctuations perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. These so-called magnetic ripples (MRs) have a period of around a few tens of seconds along the satellite orbit in the topside ionosphere at middle and low latitudes. They are spatial structures from small-scale field-aligned currents. We investigated the following three characteristics of the MRs. First, we used Swarm observations to confirm their basic characteristics obtained from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite. That is, the global distribution of the average MR amplitudes has clear geographic, seasonal, and local time dependence that is highly correlated with ionospheric conductivities. Second, we found that the average amplitudes of the MRs derived from the Swarm-B satellite, which flies at a ~50 km higher altitude, are slightly smaller than those of the Swarm-A and Swarm-C. This difference suggests that the location of the origin of MRs is below ~460 km altitude, i.e., not in the magnetosphere. Last, to provide evidence of correlation between the MRs and meteorological phenomena, we performed statistical and event analyses with typhoon track data, which are a source of acoustic and gravity waves. The data from 54 typhoons during the period from November 26, 2013, to July 31, 2016, were used for statistical analysis. The results show that the average amplitudes of the MRs during typhoon activity on the dawn, dusk, and night sides are larger than those during non-typhoon conditions. Event analyses indicate amplitude enhancements of the MRs around typhoons, and the latitude of the enhancement migrated with the typhoon. These analyses indicate that typhoon activity is correlated with MR activity and that cumulus convection activity other than typhoons may also affect MR amplitudes. Graphical abstract .

A 90-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis experienced hospital readmission for chronic heart failure exacerbations many times and was admitted to our hospital for undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Thereafter, she fell in the ward and fractured her femoral trochanter, requiring early hip fracture surgery. We proposed that we should perform simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation and hip fracture surgery to cardiologist and orthopedist from anesthetic and perioperative management perspective. We considered that it was difficult to maintain cardiovascular function without cardiac intervention during hip fracture surgery and starting rehabilitation as early as possible was important. General anesthesia was induced without any complications, and the tracheal tube was removed after the successive surgeries. On postoperative day 1, bedside rehabilitation was started, and on postoperative day 3, she was transferred from the intensive care unit to the general ward. On postoperative day 32, she was transferred to another hospital. Anesthesiologist should play an important role for decision making in not only intraoperative but perioperative management for critical case, we should communicate with other departments. The successful perioperative management of simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation and hip fracture surgery enabled to start rehabilitation early and prevented further patient hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diastereoselectivity of the addition reaction of a THF radical to dialkyl maleates, the stereochemistry of the carbon atoms at both sides of the newly formed C-C bonds, has still not been established; both the presence and absence of diastereoselectivity have been reported in previous studies and its origin has not been discussed. We have obtained clear evidence for the presence of diastereoselectivity in the addition reaction, in which the diastereoselectivity increases with an increase in the bulkiness of the alkyl groups. DFT calculations on the maleates showed the presence of one or two stable conformations, which depend on the bulkiness of the alkyl groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the clinicopathological features of ovarian seromucinous borderline tumors (SMBTs) and compare them with those of mucinous borderline/atypical proliferative mucinous tumors (MB/APMTs). Patients and Methods: Patients with SMBT between 2014 and 2018 and those with MB/APMT between 1988 and 2018 who underwent surgery at our Institution were identified. Pathological review was conducted using the 2014 World Health Organization criteria. Clinical features were compared retrospectively between SMBT and MB/APMT. Results: In total, 11 (12.9%) patients with SMBT and 74 (87.1%) patients with MB/APMT were included in our study. The diagnosis of six patients with SMBT and 73 patients with MB/APMT was not revised on review. SMBT was diagnosed at a younger age (p=0.04), was of smaller size (p<0.01) and bilateral (p=0.03), coexisted with endometriosis (p<0.01), and more frequently recurred than MB/APMT (p=0.04). Conclusion: SMBT might be more aggressive than MB/APMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient and simple method for the synthesis of 2-alkylbenzothiazoles through the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of active carbon/silica gel is described. The reaction proceeded under solvent-free and microwave irradiation to afford 2-alkylbenzothiazoles in high yields. This method was extended to the synthesis of bile acid derivatives containing a benzothiazole ring and obtained the desired products in high yields. The anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized benzothiazole derivatives of bile acid were tested; the results showed that anti-inflammatory activities of all tested compounds tested were higher than that of standard drugs, such as indomethacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In 2014 World Health Organization criteria, seromucinous carcinoma was defined as a new histological subtype in ovarian carcinomas, but "seromucinous carcinoma" was not defined in endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to identify seromucinous carcinoma resembling ovarian seromucinous carcinoma in endometrial carcinomas, and to evaluate the clinical significance for prognoses of the patients. Methods: Central pathological review was conducted for patients with endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium treated by primary surgery at our hospital between 1990 and 2013. Results: Among 340 cases included in the study, no case had all tumor cells resembling ovarian seromucinous carcinoma in all specimens, and 31 cases (9.1%) had seromucinous component in combination with endometrioid carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed seromucinous component had positive reactivity for cytokeratin (CK) 7, and negative reactivity for CK20 and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) in all cases. Seromucinous component showed lower immunoreactivity of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, compared with endometrioid carcinoma component. Progression-free survival of the cases with seromucinous component was better than those without seromucinous component (p=0.049). Conclusion: Seromucinous component was identified in approximately 10% of endometrioid carcinoma, and could be a histological predictor for prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical significance of coexistence of endometriosis (EM) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) has not yet been determined. The aim of the present study was to analyze the correlation of endometriosis with clinicopathological factors in CCC. The cases with CCC that received primary debulking surgery at the present hospital between 1990 and 2013 were identified. Retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between complications with EM and clinicopathological features in CCC. Of the 105 cases enrolled in the study, 45 cases were complicated with EM, and 60 cases did not have EM (non-EM). The patients with EM were diagnosed at a younger age (P=0.03), and at earlier stages (P<0.01) compared with non-EM cases. Although there was no significant difference of progression-free survival (P=0.36), complications with EM were identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS; P<0.01) by multivariate analysis. A total of 48 patients (45.7%) developed recurrence: 18 patients in EM-group and 30 patients in non-EM group. There were no significant differences of clinicopathological factors in the treatment at recurrence between both groups. Recurrent cases in EM had significantly worse post-progression survival (PPS) compared with recurrent non-EM group (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis for PPS demonstrated that complications with EM (P<0.01) were identified as a worse prognostic factor. In CCC, the complication with EM was identified as a significant worse prognostic factor for PPS in recurrent cases. Additionally, EM was significantly associated with OS in all cases with CCC. Novel treatment strategies are therefore necessary for recurrent CCC, particularly for cases exhibiting EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-platinum single agents are usually used for patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancers (ROC). However, the efficacy of these drugs is limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events (AE) of combination therapy with irinotecan and platinum (CPT-Pt) for ROC. A total of 28 platinum-resistant or refractory patients with ROC treated with CPT-Pt at the National Defense Medical College Hospital institution between 2002 and 2012 were identified. All patients received taxane and carboplatin (TC) as a first-line treatment and relapsed within 6 months after completion of TC, or progressed during TC therapy. The median age was 59 years (range, 16-78), and median number of CPT-Pt therapy cycles was 5.5 (range, 2-16). The overall response rate was 14%, with a complete response (CR) in 2 patients and partial response (PR) in 2 patients. Stable disease (SD) for >3 months was observed in 15 patients (54%), resulting in a clinical benefit rate (CBR = CR + PR + SD) of 68%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 8 and 15 months, respectively. Fifteen cases (68%) developed grade 3/4 hematological AE and 3 cases (11%) developed non-hematological grade 3/4 AE, which were resolved by conservative management or dose reduction. Platinum re-treatment with irinotecan for platinum refractory or resistant ROC may be a candidate in such clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to identify clinicopathological factors in long-erm survivors following ovarian cancer recurrence. The patients who achieved longer survival after recurrence (n=18) and those who succumbed to the disease earlier (n=47) were identified and analyzed. There were no significant differences in age, performance status, stage distribution or histology between the two groups. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in progression-ree survival after primary therapy. Multivariate analyses revealed that the predictive factors for long-term survival were i) secondary debulking surgery (OR=13.3; 95% CI: 1.39-226.7), ii) favourable response rate of second-line chemotherapy (OR=46.5; 95% CI: 1.84-313-4), and iii) ≥3 regimens after first recurrence (OR=9.01; 95% CI: 1.28-117.7). This study revealed that prolonged post-progression survival was associated with post-recurrence treatment. Therefore, appropriate selection of secondary debulking surgery and better chemotherapeutic response may lead to prolonged post-progression survival in recurrent ovarian cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is one of histological subtypes showing poor prognosis due to chemoresistance. The association of autophagy-related proteins and clinical implementation in CCC has not been determined. Methods: The present study investigated whether expression of autophagy-related protein, light chain 3A (LC3A), was related with prognoses in the patients with CCC using immunohistochemical stainings, and whether inhibition of autophagy modified the sensitivity to cisplatin in CCC cells in vitro. Results: High expression of autophagy-related protein, LC3A, was detected in 78 cases (78%) in all CCC cases. The patients with high LC3A expression showed significantly lower response rate to primary chemotherapy (17% vs. 100%, p<0.010), and had worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with those with LC3A low expression. Furthermore, multivariate analyses revealed that high expression of LC3A was identified as independent worse prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Inhibition of autophagy protein LC3A using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) increased sensitivity to cisplatin in CCC cells in vitro. Conclusion: High expression of LC3A proteins was associated with lower response to platinum therapy, leading to worse prognoses in CCC. Although further studies are needed to confirm the results, inhibition of autophagy by HCQ was associated with platinum sensitivity. Autophagy protein LC3A could be a promising target for treatment for CCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was developed for the synthesis of N-alkoxyacylimidoyl halide by the reaction of α-nitro ketone and alkyl halides in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2. Nitrile oxides that are generated from α-nitro ketones by silica gel supported acid catalysts are the possible intermediate, which react with alkyl halides to form N-alkoxyacylimidoyl halides. Novel 17 N-alkoxyacylimidoyl halides were synthesized by this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was developed for the synthesis of N-alkoxyacylimidoyl halide by the reaction of α-nitro ketone and alkyl halides in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2. Nitrile oxides that are generated from α-nitro ketones by silica gel supported acid catalysts are the possible intermediate, which react with alkyl halides to form N-alkoxyacylimidoyl halides. Novel 17 N-alkoxyacylimidoyl halides were synthesized by this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple and efficient methods were developed for sp²-sp³ and sp³-sp³ C-C bond-activation reactions of 2-substituted 1,3-diketones. 3-Substituted 3-bromopentane-2,4-diones were deacylated in the presence of an aromatic compound and a silica gel supported Brønsted acid containing sulfonic groups. The carbocation formed by cleavage of the sp³-sp³ C-C bond of the dione alkylated the aromatic compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel route for the construction of chromans from benzylic and aliphatic alcohols in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 has been developed. In this reaction, substituted olefins are formed from benzylic and aliphatic alcohols and then converted to chromans through intramolecular cyclization. Twenty novel chromans were synthesized by this simple procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel route for the construction of chromans from benzylic and aliphatic alcohols in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 has been developed. In this reaction, substituted olefins are formed from benzylic and aliphatic alcohols and then converted to chromans through intramolecular cyclization. Twenty novel chromans were synthesized by this simple procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrodechlorination was performed in water/ethanol mixtures over organosilane-grafted Rh/SiO2 catalysts. All catalysts in which organosilanes were covalently connected onto silica supports promoted hydrodechlorination, which may be attributed to the presence of a hydrophobic zone on the catalyst surfaces. Additional aromatic π-π interactions between the 4-tolylsilyl substituent in the catalyst and the aromatic ring of p-chloroacetophenone may be important for the activity of the most active Rh/SiO2-TS catalyst that was produced via silylation using trichloro-4-tolylsilane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagram is presented which shows the construction route of chroman ring system through cross-coupling between aliphatic and benzylic alcohols in sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4).