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2. Fast Camera Analysis of Plasma Instabilities in Hall Effect Thrusters Using a POD Method under Different Operating Regimes

Author

Victor Désangles, Sergey Shcherbanev, Thomas Charoy, Noé Clément, Clarence Deltel, Pablo Richard, Simon Vincent, Pascal Chabert, and Anne Bourdon

Subjects
electric propulsion, plasma instabilities, HET regime, HET oscillatory phenomenon, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Even after half a century of development, many phenomena in Hall Effect Thrusters are still not well-understood. While numerical studies are now widely used to study this highly non-linear system, experimental diagnostics are needed to validate their results and identify specific oscillations. By varying the cathode heating current, its emissivity is efficiently controlled and a transition between two functioning regimes of a low power thruster is observed. This transition implies a modification of the axial electric field and of the plasma plume shape. High-speed camera imaging is performed and the data are analysed using a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition method to isolate the different types of plasma fluctuations occurring simultaneously. The low-frequency breathing mode is observed, along with higher frequency rotating modes that can be associated to rotating spokes or gradient-induced instabilities. These rotating modes are observed while propagating outside the thruster channel. The reduction of the cathode emissivity beyond the transition comes along with a disappearance of the breathing mode, which could improve the thruster performance and stability.

Published
2020
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3. A neuronal circuit driven by GLP-1 in the olfactory bulb regulates insulin secretion

Author

Montaner, Mireia, Denom, Jessica, Simon, Vincent, Jiang, Wanqing, Holt, Marie K., Brierley, Daniel I., Rouch, Claude, Foppen, Ewout, Kassis, Nadim, Jarriault, David, Khan, Dawood, Eygret, Louise, Mifsud, Francois, Hodson, David J., Broichhagen, Johannes, Van Oudenhove, Lukas, Fioramonti, Xavier, Gault, Victor, Cota, Daniela, Reimann, Frank, Gribble, Fiona M., Migrenne-Li, Stephanie, Trapp, Stefan, Gurden, Hirac, and Magnan, Christophe

Published
2024
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4. Single cell tracing of Pomc neurons reveals recruitment of ‘Ghost’ subtypes with atypical identity in a mouse model of obesity

Author

Leon, Stéphane, Simon, Vincent, Lee, Thomas H., Steuernagel, Lukas, Clark, Samantha, Biglari, Nasim, Lesté-Lasserre, Thierry, Dupuy, Nathalie, Cannich, Astrid, Bellocchio, Luigi, Zizzari, Philippe, Allard, Camille, Gonzales, Delphine, Le Feuvre, Yves, Lhuillier, Emeline, Brochard, Alexandre, Nicolas, Jean Charles, Teillon, Jérémie, Nikolski, Macha, Marsicano, Giovanni, Fioramonti, Xavier, Brüning, Jens C., Cota, Daniela, and Quarta, Carmelo

Published
2024
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5. Low moisture texturised protein from sunflower press cake.

Author

Morejón Caraballo, Sophie, Fischer, Simon Vincent, Masztalerz, Klaudia, Lech, Krzysztof, Rohm, Harald, and Struck, Susanne

Subjects
*MEAT alternatives, *EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins, *MECHANICAL energy, *SUNFLOWERS, *MOISTURE
Abstract

Summary The aim of the present study was to texturise protein from sunflower press cake (SPC) for being consumed as dry snack or, in its hydrated state, as a meat analogue. In preliminary experiments, feed moisture (15–25 g 100 g−1) and extrusion temperature (180 °C–200 °C) were varied when processing commercial sunflower protein flour with a protein content of 51.8 g per 100 g dry matter using low moisture single‐screw extrusion. The extrudates were analysed with regard to specific mechanical energy needs, texture properties in dry and hydrated state, colour, expansion ratio and water binding capacity. Extrusion parameters for achieving maximum expansion, textural force and minimal product moisture were found to be 180 °C and 15 g 100 g−1. Consequently, texturised protein was derived from deoiled SPC using these extrusion parameters. Initial deoiling of the press cake was necessary as it improved texturisation; a higher SME input reached led to increased cross‐linking of the protein matrix. The light coloured and significantly expanded extrudates with high water binding capacity and could serve as basis for further development of snack products or meat analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. AtHVA22a, a plant‐specific homologue of Reep/DP1/Yop1 family proteins is involved in turnip mosaic virus propagation.

Author

Xue, Mingshuo, Sofer, Luc, Simon, Vincent, Arvy, Nathalie, Diop, Mamoudou, Lion, Roxane, Beucher, Guillaume, Bordat, Amandine, Tilsner, Jens, Gallois, Jean‐Luc, and German‐Retana, Sylvie

Subjects
TURNIP mosaic virus, MEMBRANE proteins, PLANT proteins, BARLEY, PROTEINS
Abstract

The movement of potyviruses, the largest genus of single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA viruses responsible for serious diseases in crops, is very complex. As potyviruses developed strategies to hijack the host secretory pathway and plasmodesmata (PD) for their transport, the goal of this study was to identify membrane and/or PD‐proteins that interact with the 6K2 protein, a potyviral protein involved in replication and cell‐to‐cell movement of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Using split‐ubiquitin membrane yeast two‐hybrid assays, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library for interactors of TuMV6K2. We isolated AtHVA22a (Hordeum vulgare abscisic acid responsive gene 22), which belongs to a multigenic family of transmembrane proteins, homologous to Receptor expression‐enhancing protein (Reep)/Deleted in polyposis (DP1)/Yop1 family proteins in animal and yeast. HVA22/DP1/Yop1 family genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, but the role of HVA22 proteins in plants is still not well known, although proteomics analysis of PD fractions purified from Arabidopsis suspension cells showed that AtHVA22a is highly enriched in a PD proteome. We confirmed the interaction between TuMV6K2 and AtHVA22a in yeast, as well as in planta by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and showed that TuMV6K2/AtHVA22a interaction occurs at the level of the viral replication compartment during TuMV infection. Finally, we showed that the propagation of TuMV is increased when AtHVA22a is overexpressed in planta but slowed down upon mutagenesis of AtHVA22a by CRISPR‐Cas9. Altogether, our results indicate that AtHVA22a plays an agonistic effect on TuMV propagation and that the C‐terminal tail of the protein is important in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Movie Success Prediction System using Machine Learning.

Author

Simon, Vincent, Patil, Neha, Sharma, Tushar, Thakare, Rohit, and Dholepatil, Sharvil

Subjects
MACHINE learning, SENTIMENT analysis, RANDOM forest algorithms, SOCIAL media, SUCCESS
Abstract

The popularity of movies has made predicting a movie’s success before its release a crucial task for both studios and filmmakers. This research proposes a movie success prediction system using machine learning that uses comments under the movie trailer from YouTube as input to predict the success of a movie. The system employs sentiment analysis algorithms, such as Random Forest Regressor and XGBoost Regressor, to extract the emotions and opinions expressed by viewers in the comments section of the trailer. These emotions are then used to predict the movie’s potential success in terms of revenue, predicted IMDB rating, and other factors. The proposed system uses a dataset of comments and related movie information to train and evaluate the performance of the machine-learning algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieve high accuracy and outperformed other existing methods for predicting movie success. Overall, the proposed system has the potential to revolutionize the movie industry by providing accurate predictions of the success of movies based on viewer sentiments and opinions expressed on social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

12. A Single Nonsynonymous Substitution in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Potato virus Y Allows the Simultaneous Breakdown of Two Different Forms of Antiviral Resistance in Capsicum annuum.

Author

Moury, Benoît, Michon, Thierry, Simon, Vincent, and Palloix, Alain

Subjects
RNA replicase, POTATO virus Y, CAPSICUM annuum, RECESSIVE genes, HERBICIDE resistance, DOMINANCE (Genetics)
Abstract

The dominant Pvr4 gene in pepper (Capsicum annuum) confers resistance to members of six potyvirus species, all of which belong to the Potato virus Y (PVY) phylogenetic group. The corresponding avirulence factor in the PVY genome is the NIb cistron (i.e., RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Here, we describe a new source of potyvirus resistance in the Guatemalan accession C. annuum cv. PM949. PM949 is resistant to members of at least three potyvirus species, a subset of those controlled by Pvr4. The F1 progeny between PM949 and the susceptible cultivar Yolo Wonder was susceptible to PVY, indicating that the resistance is recessive. The segregation ratio between resistant and susceptible plants observed in the F2 progeny matched preferably with resistance being determined by two unlinked recessive genes independently conferring resistance to PVY. Inoculations by grafting resulted in the selection of PVY mutants breaking PM949 resistance and, less efficiently, Pvr4–mediated resistance. The codon substitution E472K in the NIb cistron of PVY, which was shown previously to be sufficient to break Pvr4 resistance, was also sufficient to break PM949 resistance, a rare example of cross-pathogenicity effect. In contrast, the other selected NIb mutants showed specific infectivity in PM949 or Pvr4 plants. Comparison of Pvr4 and PM949 resistance, which share the same target in PVY, provides interesting insights into the determinants of resistance durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Contributors

Author

Acworth, Jason, Aickin, Richard, Alsweiler, Jane, Armstrong, David, Babl, Franz E., Bali, Bindu, Barnett, Peter L.J., Beirne, Niamh, Beshay, Nader, Best, Emma J., Blackburn, Carol, Bonsall, Adrian Mark, Borland, Meredith, Bourke, Elyssia M., Brabyn, Christine, Brady, Robyn M., Bratkovic, Drago, Brown, Justin, Browne, Gary, Buckley, David H.F., Burgett, Angela, Burgner, David, Buttery, James P., Bystrzycki, Adam, Chan, Gar Ming, Chang, Annette, Cheek, John A., Cheng, Nicholas, Chin, Raymond, Choong, Robin, Choudhury, Nandini, Coleman, Jacinta, Conlon, Eilis, Cotterell, Elizabeth, Craig, Simon, Craven, John, Crawford, Nigel, Cronin, John, Curtis, Nigel, Dalziel, Stuart, Davidson, Sarah, Davis, Tessa, Deasy, Conor, Delaney, Anthony, Downie, Peter, Doyle, Evelyn, Efron, Daryl, Farrugia, Ruth, Foong, Lai Heng, Fox, Caroline, Furyk, Jeremy, Gamage, Lalith, George, Shane, Giles, Ed, Graley, Laura, Gray, Charmaine, Gray, Tanya, Griffiths, Angharad, Grindlay, Joanne, Grover, Sonia R., Gunja, Naren, Hardikar, Winita, Harper, Charlotte, Hawkins, Sophie, Hazell, Wayne, Higgins, Malcolm, Hinds, Rupert, Hoare, S., Holland, Andrew J.A., Hort, Jason, Jani, Shefali, Jardine, Claire, John Walsh, Henry Patrick, Kaul, Sheena, Khoo, Patricia, Kiel, Julie, Kikiros, Colin S., Kreismann, Erica, Krieser, David M., Lawton, Ben, Ljuhar, Damir, Long, Elliot, Mahmood, Dina, Marchant, Jeanette, Marks, Susan, McCollum, Danielle, McDowell, Dermot Thomas, McIntyre, Shona, McKay, Damien, Mckinlay, Chris, McR. Meyer, Alastair D., Melvin, Robert, Merk, Salome, Mills, Erin, Mitra, Biswadev, Moeed, Saman M., Mwanza, Zondiwe Victor, Naidoo, Yuresh, Narayanan, Murali, Nataraja, Ramesh, Neutze, Jocelyn, Nunn, Kenneth Patrick, Oberender, Felix, O’Brien, Rory, O’Brien, Adam, O’Keeffe, F., O’Leary, Fenton, Ong, Kim Lian, Orchard, David, Osborn, Michael, Pal, Manika, Parker, Colin, Parkinson, Jacqueline E.L., Pathan, Sameer A., Payne, Donald, Pearson, Scott, Pegiazoglou, Ioannis, Philbin, Deirdre, Phillips, Roderic, Phin, Susan, Eric Powell, Colin Victor, Primhak, Sarah, Priyadarshi, Harsh, Purvis, Diana, Quay, Karen, Quinn, Nuala, Radhakrishnan, Kottayam, Ramaswamy, Preeti, Rasanathan, Damayanthi, Rattan, Meenakshi, Regenfelder, Felix, Ross, Kirsty A., Rossaye, Sasha, Ryan, John M., Schildkraut, Vered, Schofield, Scott, Seith, Robert, Shepherd, Michael, Sher, Loren, Smith, Holly, Soundappan, Soundappan S.V., Starr, Mike, Stevens, Greg, Tan, Eunicia, Tavender, Emma, Taylor, Amanda, Teague, Warwick J., Tham, Doris Zhao-Zing, Thompson, Martha, Ting, Joseph, Unwin, John, van Hest, Tobias, Webb, Rachel H., West, Adam, White, Julian, Williams, Gary David, Wood, Simon Vincent, Yates, Kim, and Zaky, Mona

Published
2024
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16. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity

Author

Castellanos-Jankiewicz, Ashley, Guzmán-Quevedo, Omar, Fénelon, Valérie S., Zizzari, Philippe, Quarta, Carmelo, Bellocchio, Luigi, Tailleux, Anne, Charton, Julie, Fernandois, Daniela, Henricsson, Marcus, Piveteau, Catherine, Simon, Vincent, Allard, Camille, Quemener, Sandrine, Guinot, Valentine, Hennuyer, Nathalie, Perino, Alessia, Duveau, Alexia, Maitre, Marlène, Leste-Lasserre, Thierry, Clark, Samantha, Dupuy, Nathalie, Cannich, Astrid, Gonzales, Delphine, Deprez, Benoit, Mithieux, Gilles, Dombrowicz, David, Bäckhed, Fredrik, Prevot, Vincent, Marsicano, Giovanni, Staels, Bart, Schoonjans, Kristina, and Cota, Daniela

Published
2021
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17. Plasmodesmal Components Involved in Cell-to-cell Transport of Potyviruses---Focus on HVA22a candidate

Author

Xue, Mingshuo, Sofer, Luc, Simon, Vincent, Lion, Roxane, Tilsner², Jens, German-Retana, Sylvie, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of St Andrews [Scotland]

Subjects
virus phytopathogène, potyvirus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virologie végétale, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, interaction plante-potyvirus, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

19. Caractérisation de différentes sous-populations de neurones à POMC hypothalamiques dans la régulation de la balance énergétique

Author

Simon, Vincent, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bordeaux, Daniela Cota, and STAR, ABES

Subjects
Gaba, POMC neurons, Metabolism, Métabolisme, Balance énergétique, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Hypothalamus, Energy balance, Glutamate, Neurones à POMC
Abstract

Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease, characterized by a health-threatening accumulation of body fat and whose prevalence has been increasing worldwide since the 1980s. Obesity is a risk factor for type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and various forms of cancer and is now a major public health issue. Unfortunately, available pharmacological treatments are rare and not very effective. Thus, the study of the biological mechanisms underlying body weight regulation could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and prove useful in the fight against this modern curse. The brain plays a key role in controlling food intake and metabolism. In particular, some hypothalamic neurons called POMC neurons are classically described as being responsible for satiety. To date, most studies on these neurons have focused on their neuropeptide production, but recent discoveries have uncovered the existence of subpopulations, characterized by their ability to secrete different neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA or both). The functional consequences of this heterogeneity are largely unknown to this day.The general objective of this thesis is to study the specific roles of different sub-populations of POMC neurons, depending on the neurotransmitter they release: we will then distinguish between POMC-Glut (pure glutamatergic), POMC-GABA (pure GABAergic) and POMC-Glut/GABA (mixed) neurons. Three objectives have been defined: To develop a new neuroanatomical technical approach to identify subpopulations of activated POMC neurons on mouse brain slices. To determine the impact of a hypercaloric diet on POMC subpopulations. To determine the role of the POMC Glutamatergic population in energy balance by using a novel genetic model. Results: First, we developed a new technique for the simultaneous detection of mRNAs of GAD65/67, vglut2 and POMC combined with an immunostaining of the cFos protein (a marker of cellular activity), in order to identify the subpopulations of activated POMC neurons under various experimental conditions. Then, we applied this technique in a context of an acute exposure to a high-calorie diet (HFD, for "high-fat-diet"). We then discovered that POMC-GABA neurons were the main sub-population to be activated by HFD, unlike POMC-Glut which were less likely to respond to the diet. Of note this preferential activation of POMC-GABA happens in a context of HFD-driven hyperphagia. Finally, we created a new genetically modified mouse line that allows the deletion of the vglut2 protein from POMC neurons in an inducible way, thus preventing the release of glutamate from POMC neurons. After carrying out the necessary controls, we conducted a metabolic characterization of this mouse line. Inducible POMC-vglut2-KO mice, in which POMC glutamatergic transmission is suppressed, have an exaggerated hyperphagic response following a 24-hour fast. In addition, when placed on a HFD, these mice eat more and have an increased energy expenditure. [...], L’obésité est une maladie chronique d’origine multifactorielle, caractérisée par une accumulation excessive de graisse corporelle néfaste pour la santé et dont la prévalence n’a cessé de croître au niveau mondial depuis les années 1980. Représentant un facteur de risque pour le diabète de type II, les maladies cardiovasculaires et différentes formes de cancer, l’obésité est aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Malheureusement, les traitements pharmacologiques disponibles sont rares et peu efficaces. Ainsi, l’étude des mécanismes biologiques qui sous-tendent la régulation du poids corporel pourrait permettre de découvrir de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques et se révéler utile dans la lutte contre ce fléau moderne. Le cerveau joue un rôle clé dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire et du métabolisme. En particulier, certains neurones hypothalamiques, appelés neurones à POMC, sont classiquement décrits comme étant responsables de la satiété. Jusqu’alors, la plupart des études menées sur ces neurones se sont concentrées sur leur production de neuropeptides, mais de récentes découvertes ont mis à jour l’existence de sous-populations, caractérisées par leur capacité à sécréter différents neurotransmetteurs (glutamate, GABA ou les deux). Les conséquences fonctionnelles de cette hétérogénéité, jusqu’à alors largement insoupçonnée, sont à ce jour inconnues. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’étudier le rôle spécifique de différentes sous-populations de neurones à POMC, en fonction du neurotransmetteur qu’ils libèrent : on distinguera alors les neurones à POMC-Glut (glutamatergiques purs), POMC-GABA (GABAergiques purs) et POMC-Glut/GABA (mixtes). Trois objectifs ont été définis : Développer une nouvelle technique de neuro-anatomie afin de détecter les différentes sous-populations de neurones à POMC activés, dans des coupes flottantes de cerveau de souris. Déterminer l’impact d’un régime hypercalorique sur les sous-populations de neurones à POMC. Déterminer le rôle des POMC-Glut dans la régulation de la balance énergétique à partir d’un nouveau modèle de souris génétiquement modifiées. Résultats : Tout d’abord, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle technique de détection simultanée des ARNm de GAD65/67, vglut2 et POMC combinée à un marquage de la protéine cFos (un marqueur d’activité cellulaire), afin d’identifier les différentes sous-populations de neurones à POMC activées dans diverses conditions expérimentales. Puis, nous avons mis en pratique cette technique lors d’une exposition aiguë à un régime hypercalorique (nommé HFD, pour « high-fat-diet »). Nous avons alors découvert que les neurones à POMC-GABA étaient la principale sous-population à être activée par le HFD, contrairement aux neurones à POMC-Glut qui étaient moins nombreux à y répondre. Cette activation préférentielle des POMC-GABA s’effectue de plus dans un contexte d’hyperphagie pour le HFD. Pour finir, nous avons créé une nouvelle lignée de souris génétiquement modifiées permettant la délétion inductible de la protéine vglut2 des neurones à POMC, empêchant ainsi la libération de glutamate des neurones à POMC. Après avoir effectué les contrôles nécessaires, nous avons entrepris une caractérisation métabolique de cette lignée. Les souris POMC-vglut2-KO inductibles, dont la transmission POMC glutamatergique est supprimée, ont une réponse hyperphagique exagérée suite à un jeûne de 24h. De plus, lorsqu’elles sont placées sous HFD, ces souris mangent davantage et ont une dépense énergétique augmentée. [...]

Published
2019

20. mTORC1-dependent increase in oxidative metabolism in POMC neurons regulates food intake and action of leptin

Author

Haissaguerre, Magalie, Ferrière, Amandine, Simon, Vincent, Saucisse, Nicolas, Dupuy, Nathalie, André, Caroline, Clark, Samantha, Guzman-Quevedo, Omar, Tabarin, Antoine, and Cota, Daniela

Subjects
Leptin, Male, Neurons, endocrine system, lcsh:Internal medicine, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Hypothalamus, POMC, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Brief Communication, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Eating, Mice, Oxidative Stress, nervous system, Food intake, Animals, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Reactive Oxygen Species, lcsh:RC31-1245, mTORC1, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Objective Nutrient availability modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hypothalamus. In turn, ROS regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity and feeding behavior. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is an important cellular integrator of the action of nutrients and hormones. Here we tested the hypothesis that modulation of mTORC1 activity, particularly in Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons, mediates the cellular and behavioral effects of ROS. Methods C57BL/6J mice or controls and their knockout (KO) littermates deficient either for the mTORC1 downstream target 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) or for the mTORC1 component Rptor specifically in POMC neurons (POMC-rptor-KO) were treated with an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of the ROS hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the ROS scavenger honokiol, alone or, respectively, in combination with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or the mTORC1 activator leptin. Oxidant-related signal in POMC neurons was assessed using dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence. Results Icv administration of H2O2 decreased food intake, while co-administration of rapamycin, whole-body deletion of S6K1, or deletion of rptor in POMC neurons impeded the anorectic action of H2O2. H2O2 also increased oxidant levels in POMC neurons, an effect that hinged on functional mTORC1 in these neurons. Finally, scavenging ROS prevented the hypophagic action of leptin, which in turn required mTORC1 to increase oxidant levels in POMC neurons and to inhibit food intake. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that ROS and leptin require mTORC1 pathway activity in POMC neurons to increase oxidant levels in POMC neurons and consequently decrease food intake., Graphical abstract, Highlights • H2O2 requires mTORC1 activity to increase oxidant levels in POMC neurons. • H2O2 requires functional mTORC1 in POMC neurons to inhibit food intake. • Leptin increases ROS-related signal in POMC neurons by engaging mTORC1. • Leptin requires functional mTORC1 in POMC neurons to inhibit food intake.

Published
2018

21. StREM1.3 REMORIN Protein Plays an Agonistic Role in Potyvirus Cell-to-Cell Movement in N. benthamiana.

Author

Rocher, Marion, Simon, Vincent, Jolivet, Marie-Dominique, Sofer, Luc, Deroubaix, Anne-Flore, Germain, Véronique, Mongrand, Sébastien, and German-Retana, Sylvie

Subjects
*TURNIP mosaic virus, *CELL membranes, *PLASMODESMATA, *NICOTIANA benthamiana, *VIRAL replication
Abstract

REMORIN proteins belong to a plant-specific multigene family that localise in plasma membrane nanodomains and in plasmodesmata. We previously showed that in Nicotiana benthamiana, group 1 StREM1.3 limits the cell-to-cell spread of a potexvirus without affecting viral replication. This prompted us to check whether an effect on viral propagation could apply to potyvirus species Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Potato virus A (PVA). Our results show that StREM1.3 transient or stable overexpression in transgenic lines increases potyvirus propagation, while it is slowed down in transgenic lines underexpressing endogenous NbREMs, without affecting viral replication. TuMV and PVA infection do not alter the membranous localisation of StREM1.3. Furthermore, StREM1.3-membrane anchoring is necessary for its agonist effect on potyvirus propagation. StREM1.3 phosphocode seems to lead to distinct plant responses against potexvirus and potyvirus. We also showed that StREM1.3 interacts in yeast and in planta with the key potyviral movement protein CI (cylindrical inclusion) at the level of the plasma membrane but only partially at plasmodesmata pit fields. TuMV infection also counteracts StREM1.3-induced plasmodesmata callose accumulation at plasmodesmata. Altogether, these results showed that StREM1.3 plays an agonistic role in potyvirus cell-to-cell movement in N. benthamiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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24. Diversity of Tobacco etch virus pathotypes faced with pepper resistance sources and durability potential of resistance genes

Author

Moury, Benoit, Arpaci, B.B., Simon, Vincent, Palloix, Alain, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agriculture Faculty, Horticulture Department, Kilis Yedi Aralik University, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Plantum working group Phytopathology, Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL). FRA., Groupe d'Etude et de Contrôle des Variétés et des Semences (GEVES). FRA., and Terralia. FRA.

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, virus phytopathogène, Vegetal Biology, virus de la gravure du tabac, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, poivron, solanaceae, culture legumiere, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, potyvirus, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, résistance génétique, pathologie végétale, Sciences agricoles, Biologie végétale, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

25. Remorin: A membrane raft plasmodesmal protein limiting or promoting virus cell-to-cell movement of two distinct virus genera

Author

Perraki, Artemis, Gronnier, Julien, Deroubaix, Anne-Flore, Simon, Vincent, Gouguet, Paul, BOUDSOCQ, Marie, Bayer, Emmanuelle, German-Retana, Sylvie, Mongrand, Sebastien, Germain, Véronique, Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Migration, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)

Subjects
[SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

UMR BFP - Equipe Virologie; International audience

Published
2019

26. Characterization of plamodesmal and membranous plant candidates potentially involved in cell to cell movement of Turnip mosaic virus

Author

Sofer, Luc, Simon, Vincent, Arnoux, Xavier, Barra, Amandine, Michon, Thierry, Walter, Jocelyne, German-Retana, Sylvie, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

27. Impact of genetic drift, selection and accumulation level on virus adaptation to its host plants

Author

Rousseau, Elsa, Tamisier, Lucie, Fabre, Frédéric, Simon, Vincent, Szadkowski, Marion, Bouchez, Olivier, Zanchetta, Catherine, Girardot, Gregory, Mailleret, Ludovic, Grognard, Frédéric, Palloix, Alain, Moury, Benoit, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), SMaCH metaprogramme, 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09), BAP (Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes) department, Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (SAVE), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Models, Genetic, resistance breakdown, Potyvirus, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, food and beverages, selection, Original Articles, Haploidy, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, viral load, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, eIF4E, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Linear Models, plant breeding, genetic drift, Selection, Genetic, Capsicum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, effective population size, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

We thank the staff of the INRAE Experimental facilities of the Plant Pathology research unit (IEPV, https://doi.org/10.15454/8DGF-QF70) for their involvement in field experiments; International audience; The efficiency of plant major resistance genes is limited by the emergence and spread of resistance‐breaking mutants. Modulating the evolutionary forces acting on pathogen populations constitutes a promising way to increase the durability of these genes. We studied the effect of four plant traits affecting these evolutionary forces on the rate of resistance breakdown (RB) by a virus. Two of those traits correspond to virus effective population sizes (Ne), either at plant inoculation or during infection. The third trait corresponds to differential selection exerted by the plant on the virus population. Finally, the fourth trait corresponds to within‐plant virus accumulation (VA). These traits were measured experimentally on Potato virus Y (PVY) and a set of 84 pepper doubled‐haploid lines, all carrying the same pvr23 resistance gene but having contrasted genetic backgrounds. The lines showed extensive variation for the rate of pvr23 RB by PVY and for the four other traits of interest. A generalized linear model showed that three of these four traits, with the exception of Ne at inoculation, and several of pairwise interactions between them had significant effects on RB. RB increased when Ne during plant infection or VA increased. The effect of differential selection was more complex because of a strong interaction with VA. When VA was high, RB increased as the differential selection increased. An opposite relationship between RB and differential selection was observed when VA was low. This study provides a framework to select plants with appropriate virus‐evolution‐related traits to avoid or delay resistance breakdown.

Published
2018

28. A Risk-Based Management Approach in Minimizing Occupational Accidents in Manufacturing Locator Companies in Philippine Special Economic Zones.

Author

Bondoc, Simon Vincent W. and Noroña, Marvin I.

Subjects
WORK-related injuries, MANUFACTURING industries, SPECIAL economic zones, EXPORT processing zones, RISK management in business
Abstract

Safety at work is very important to every industry and minimizing the risk of workplace accidents and injuries is of utmost importance in the discussion of occupational, health and safety (OSH). Increasing density of manufacturing companies as locators in a high-growth export processing zone in Laguna Philippines led to the conduct of this study aimed at analyzing the causes of accidents and assessing the risk factors and OSH practices with the end in view of determining a better approach in OSH management. Actual cases and accounts of occupational accidents, their causes, and resulting injuries were gathered via interviews and survey questionnaires. An assessment was made on the OSH programs, the work environment and organizational factors. The results of the study pointed to the importance of integrating risk management in performing OSH management as non-identification of hazards was found to be a major cause of workplace accidents and injuries. As such, an improved OSH management model was developed with the integration of risk management centered on collaboration among process owners in putting in place a proactive, ongoing process to identify and assess high-priority risks and hazards, the critical element of any effective safety and health program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

29. Estimating virus effective population size and selection without neutral markers

Author

Rousseau, Elsa, Moury, Benoît, Mailleret, Ludovic, Senoussi, Rachid, Palloix, Alain, Simon, Vincent, Valière, Sophie, Grognard, Frédéric, Fabre, Frédéric, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Animalerie Rongeurs (UAR), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), SMaCH (Sustainable Management of Crop Health) metaprogramme of INRA, grant over-seen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the 'Blanc2013' program (ANR-13-BSV7- 0011, FunFit project), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Evolutionary Genetics, Genetic Markers, Leaves, Evolutionary Processes, Heredity, Genotype, Population Size, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Potyvirus, Variant Genotypes, Plant Science, Microbiology, Viral Evolution, Evolution, Molecular, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Population Metrics, Effective Population Size, Virology, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Genetics, Selection, Genetic, [MATH]Mathematics [math], lcsh:QH301-705.5, Plant Diseases, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Models, Genetic, Plant Anatomy, Genetic Drift, Biology and Life Sciences, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, food and beverages, Organismal Evolution, Genetic Mapping, lcsh:Biology (General), Microbial Evolution, lcsh:RC581-607, Capsicum, Population Genetics, Research Article
Abstract

By combining high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with experimental evolution, we can observe the within-host dynamics of pathogen variants of biomedical or ecological interest. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of five variants of Potato virus Y (PVY) in 15 doubled-haploid lines of pepper. All plants were inoculated with the same mixture of virus variants and variant frequencies were determined by HTS in eight plants of each pepper line at each of six sampling dates. We developed a method for estimating the intensities of selection and genetic drift in a multi-allelic Wright-Fisher model, applicable whether these forces are strong or weak, and in the absence of neutral markers. This method requires variant frequency determination at several time points, in independent hosts. The parameters are the selection coefficients for each PVY variant and four effective population sizes Ne at different time-points of the experiment. Numerical simulations of asexual haploid Wright-Fisher populations subjected to contrasting genetic drift (Ne ∈ [10, 2000]) and selection (|s| ∈ [0, 0.15]) regimes were used to validate the method proposed. The experiment in closely related pepper host genotypes revealed that viruses experienced a considerable diversity of selection and genetic drift regimes. The resulting variant dynamics were accurately described by Wright-Fisher models. The fitness ranks of the variants were almost identical between host genotypes. By contrast, the dynamics of Ne were highly variable, although a bottleneck was often identified during the systemic movement of the virus. We demonstrated that, for a fixed initial PVY population, virus effective population size is a heritable trait in plants. These findings pave the way for the breeding of plant varieties exposing viruses to stronger genetic drift, thereby slowing virus adaptation., Author summary A growing number of experimental evolution studies are using an “evolve-and-resequence” approach to observe the within-host dynamics of pathogen variants of biomedical or ecological interest. The resulting data are particularly appropriate for studying the effects of evolutionary forces, such as selection and genetic drift, on the emergence of new pathogen variants. However, it remains challenging to unravel the effects of selection and genetic drift in the absence of neutral markers, a situation frequently encountered for microbes, such as viruses, due to their small constrained genomes. Using such an approach on a plant virus, we observed that the same set of virus variants displayed highly diverse dynamics in closely related plant genotypes. We developed and validated a method that does not require neutral markers, for estimating selection coefficients and effective population sizes from these experimental evolution data. We found that the viruses experienced considerable diversity in genetic drift regimes, depending on host genotype. Importantly, genetic drift experienced by virus populations was shown to be a heritable plant trait. These findings pave the way for the breeding of plant varieties exposing viruses to strong genetic drift, thereby slowing virus adaptation.

Published
2017

30. Towards the identification of plamodesmal and membranous host components involved in potyvirus movement

Author

Sofer, Luc, Simon, Vincent, Barra, Amandine, Giordano, Laïla, Michon, Thierry, Walter, Jocelyne, German-Retana, Sylvie, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2

Subjects
plasmodesm, virus phytopathogène, phytopathogenic virus, potyvirus, santé des plantes, plasmodesme, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, plant health, membrane, pathologie végétale, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

UMR BFP - Equipe Virologie; Towards the identification of plamodesmal and membranous host components involved in potyvirus movement. 16. Rencontres de Virologie Végétale (RVV 2017)

Published
2017

31. Assessment of the viral protein VPg intrinsic disorder contribution to the Potato virus Y adaptation to eIF4E-mediated resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Author

Charon, Justine, Barra, Amandine, Walter, Jocelyne, Simon, Vincent, Moury, Benoit, MILLOT, Pauline, Hébrard, Eugénie, Michon, Thierry, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, adaptation, PVY, capsicum annuum, piment, potyvirus, phytopathogenic virus, potato virus y, santé des plantes, evolution, pathologie végétale, virus à arn, VPg, résistance variétale, virus phytopathogène, eif4e, culture legumiere, intrinsically disordered protein, virus y de la pomme de terre, rna virus, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, chilli pepper, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, plant health, mutation virale
Abstract

UMR BFP - Equipe Virologie UMR BFP - Equipe VirologieUMR BFP - Equipe Virologie; National audience

Published
2017

32. Making a functional link between plasma membrane nanodomain features, regulation of cell-to-cell connectivity and Potato Virus X propagation

Author

Germain, Veronique, Gronnier, Julien, Perraki, Artemis, Gouguet, Paul, Boudsocq, Marie, Deroubaix, Anne-Flore, Simon, Vincent, German-Retana, Sylvie, Bayer, Emmanuelle, Mongrand, Sebastien, Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1

Subjects
[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Plasma membrane nanodomains, phosphorylation, santé des plantes, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, REMORIN, virologie végétale, plant health, plasmodesmal connectivity, pathologie végétale, [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Potato virus X, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

UMR 1332 - Equipe VirologieUMR 1332 - Equipe Virologie; Making a functional link between plasma membrane nanodomain features, regulation of cell-to-cell connectivity and Potato Virus X propagation. 16. Rencontres de Virologie Végétale (RVV 2017)

Published
2017

33. Remorin: a membrane raft plasmodesmal protein involved in potyvirus propagation?

Author

Simon, Vincent, Perraki, A., Gronnier, Julien, Germain, V., Mongrand, Sebastien, German-Retana, Sylvie, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, The Sainsbury Laboratory (TSL), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The Sainsbury Laboratory [Norwich] (TSL), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
[SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, virus phytopathogène, Potyvirus, Plasmodesmata, Remorin, TuMV, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, phytopathogenic virus, santé des plantes, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, virologie végétale, plant health, pathologie végétale, [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

UMR BFP - Equipe Virologie; Remorin: a membrane raft plasmodesmal protein involved in potyvirus propagation?. 16. Rencontres de Virologie Végétale (RVV 2017)

Published
2017

34. Estimating virus effective population size and selection without neutral markers

Author

Moury, Benoit, Mailleret, Ludovic, Senoussi, Rachid, Palloix, Alain, Simon, Vincent, Valiere, Sophie, Grognard, Frédéric, Rousseau, Elsa, and Fabre, Frédéric

Subjects
sélection génétique, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Virologie, dérive génétique, food and beverages, taille de la population, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, virus y de la pomme de terre, Agricultural sciences, modèle mathématique, Virology, marqueur neutre, évolution génétique des populations, virologie végétale, pathologie végétale, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

By combining high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with experimental evolution, we can observe the within-host dynamics of pathogen variants of biomedical or ecological interest. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of five variants of Potato virus Y (PVY) in 15 doubled-haploid lines of pepper. All plants were inoculated with the same mixture of virus variants and variant frequencies were determined by HTS in eight plants of each pepper line at each of six sampling dates. We developed a method for estimating the intensities of selection and genetic drift in a multi-allelic Wright-Fisher model, applicable whether these forces are strong or weak, and in the absence of neutral markers. This method requires variant frequency determination at several time points, in independent hosts. The parameters are the selection coefficients for each PVY variant and four effective population sizes Ne at different time-points of the experiment. Numerical simulations of asexual haploid Wright-Fisher populations subjected to contrasting genetic drift (Ne ∈ [10, 2000]) and selection (|s| ∈ [0, 0.15]) regimes were used to validate the method proposed. The experiment in closely related pepper host genotypes revealed that viruses experienced a considerable diversity of selection and genetic drift regimes. The resulting variant dynamics were accurately described by Wright-Fisher models. The fitness ranks of the variants were almost identical between host genotypes. By contrast, the dynamics of Ne were highly variable, although a bottleneck was often identified during the systemic movement of the virus. We demonstrated that, for a fixed initial PVY population, virus effective population size is a heritable trait in plants. These findings pave the way for the breeding of plant varieties exposing viruses to stronger genetic drift, thereby slowing virus adaptation.

Published
2017

35. Genetic determinism and evolutionary reconstruction of a host jump in a plant virus

Author

Vassilakos, Nikon, Simon, Vincent, Tzima, Aliki, Johansen, Elisabeth, and Moury, Benoit

Subjects
piment, virus phytopathogène, Virologie, Virology, évolution génétique des populations, culture legumiere, pathologie végétale, Sciences agricoles, virus y de la pomme de terre, Agricultural sciences, mutation virale
Published
2017

36. A Hotel Manager's HANDBOOK, 189 Techniques for Achieving Exceptional Guest Satisfaction

Author

Simon, Vincent P. Magnini Carol J.

Subjects
Hospitality
Abstract

As we all know, guest satisfaction is the lifeblood of any hotel. Short-term profitability may not depend on guest satisfaction, but long-run hotel profitability and prosperity most certainly does. The positive word-of-mouth has long been a key determinant of success in the hotel business, and it carries even more influence today due to the proliferation of travel blogs. Word-of-mouth (both positive and negative) travels faster and carries more weight in today���s hotel business than ever before. Thus, it is more important than ever before to leave guests highly satisfied.

Published
2016
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37. Joint estimation of effective population size and selection coefficient without neutrel markers: method validation and application to experimental evolution of viruses

Author

Rousseau, Elsa, Moury, Benoit, Mailleret, Ludovic, Senoussi, Rachid, Palloix, Alain, Simon, Vincent, Grognard, Frédéric, Valiere, Sophie, and Fabre, Frédéric

Subjects
virus phytopathogène, sélection génétique, modèle statistique, dérive génétique, séquençage, modèle mécanique, comparaison de génotypes, évolution génétique des populations, simulation numérique, pathologie végétale, Sciences agricoles, virus y de la pomme de terre, Agricultural sciences
Abstract

Experimental evolution studies deserve considerable attention to the estimation of basic evolutionary forces such as selection and genetic drift. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques, these studies gained a renewed attention. However the joint estimation of selection and genetic drift still remain challenging when no neutral markers are available, a common situation with many microbes, such as viruses, due to their small tightly packed genomes.

Published
2016

38. Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle.

Author

Hontoir, Fanny, Pirson, Romain, Simon, Vincent, Clegg, Peter, Nisolle, Jean‐François, Kirschvink, Nathalie, and Vandeweerd, Jean‐Michel E.

Subjects
ARTICULAR cartilage, RANK correlation (Statistics), SYMPTOMS, STATISTICAL correlation, CARTILAGE, MANDIBULAR condyle
Abstract

Though the ovine stifle is commonly used to study osteoarthritis, there is limited information about the age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark. The objective of this study was to document the number of tidemarks in the stifle of research sheep without clinical signs of osteoarthritis and of various ages (n = 80). Articular cartilage of the medial and lateral tibial condyles and of the medial and lateral femoral condyles was assessed by histology: (a) to count the number of tidemark; and (b) to assess the OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score for structural changes of cartilage. The number of tidemarks varied between anatomical regions, respectively, from 4.2 in the medial femoral condyle to 5.0 in the lateral tibial condyle. The axial part showed a significant higher number of tidemarks than the abaxial part, for all regions except the medial tibial condyle. Whilst the tidemark count strongly correlated with age (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.67–0.73; p < 0.0001), the OARSI score was weakly correlated with age in our cohort of sheep (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.30; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, no tidemark was seen in the three animals aged 6 months. Our data indicate that the number of tidemarks increases with age and vary with anatomical region. The regional variation also revealed a higher number of tidemarks in the tibia than in the femur. This could be attributed to the local variation in cartilage response to strain and to the difference in chondrocyte biology and density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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39. Communication between the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa in the horse at Computed Tomography Arthrography.

Author

Hontoir, Fanny, Rejas, Erika, Falticeanu, Ana, Nisolle, Jean‐François, Simon, Vincent, Nicaise, Charles, Clegg, Peter D., and Vandeweerd, Jean‐Michel E.

Subjects
COMPUTED tomography, ARTIFICIAL joints, FOOT orthoses
Abstract

Diffusion of drugs injected into the distal interphalangeal joint or the navicular (podotrochlear) bursa can influence diagnosis and treatment of foot pain. Previous anatomical and radiographic studies of the communication between these synovial structures have produced conflicting results and did not identify the location of any communication if present. This anatomic study aimed to assess the presence and site of communication between the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa in the horse by computed tomography arthrography. Sixty‐six pairs of cadaver forelimbs were injected with contrast medium into the distal interphalangeal joint and imaged by computed tomography arthrography. The presence of a communication, location of the communication and additional structural changes were assessed. Navicular bursa opacification occurred in 7 distal limbs (5.3%) following distal interphalangeal joint injection. One limb showed a communication through the T‐ligament and 6 limbs showed a communication through the distal sesamoidean impar ligament. In 3 cases, the communication through the distal sesamoidean impar ligament was associated with a distal border fragment. Our study showed that communication between the distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa is uncommon and inconsistent. Clinically, the presence of a communication could (1) influence the interpretation of diagnostic analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint or the navicular bursa by facilitating the diffusion of local anaesthetic between these structures; (2) allow the drug and its potential adverse effects to spread from the treated synovial cavity to the non‐targeted synovial cavity; (3) be responsible for the failure of joint drainage in the case of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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40. REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and activity in restricting PVX cell-to-cell movement.

Author

Perraki, Artemis, Gronnier, Julien, Gouguet, Paul, Boudsocq, Marie, Deroubaix, Anne-Flore, Simon, Vincent, German-Retana, Sylvie, Zipfel, Cyril, Bayer, Emmanuelle, Mongrand, Sébastien, Germain, Véronique, Legrand, Anthony, and Habenstein, Birgit

Subjects
CELL membranes, COAT proteins (Viruses), PHOSPHORYLATION, PLASMODESMATA, PLANT plasma membranes
Abstract

Plants respond to pathogens through dynamic regulation of plasma membrane-bound signaling pathways. To date, how the plant plasma membrane is involved in responses to viruses is mostly unknown. Here, we show that plant cells sense the Potato virus X (PVX) COAT PROTEIN and TRIPLE GENE BLOCK 1 proteins and subsequently trigger the activation of a membrane-bound calcium-dependent kinase. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 3-interacts with group 1 REMORINs in vivo, phosphorylates the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the Group 1 REMORIN REM1.3, and restricts PVX cell-to-cell movement. REM1.3's phospho-status defines its plasma membrane nanodomain organization and is crucial for REM1.3-dependent restriction of PVX cell-to-cell movement by regulation of callose deposition at plasmodesmata. This study unveils plasma membrane nanodomain-associated molecular events underlying the plant immune response to viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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41. Protecting the durability of major resistance genes to plant viruses with quantitative resistance

Author

Rousseau, Elsa, Fabre, Frédéric, Mailleret, Ludovic, Palloix, Alain, Simon, Vincent, Valière, Sophie, Moury, Benoît, Grognard, Frédéric, Gouzé, Jean-Luc, Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Département de Génétique Animale [Toulouse], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Génétique Animale (DEPT GA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). FRA., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)

Subjects
quantitative resistance, [MATH.MATH-RT]Mathematics [math]/Representation Theory [math.RT], durable resistance, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], food and beverages, [MATH] Mathematics [math], [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], viral evolution, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, landscape epidemiology, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], genetic drift, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [INFO.INFO-AU] Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The deployment of virus-resistant crops often leads to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) pathogens that suppress the yield benefit provided by the resistance (Fabre et al,2012). Although breakdowns are well known for qualitative resistances conferring total resistance to the virus, they are still poorly understood for quantitative resistances conferring partial resistance. Furthermore, it has been proved for several pathosystems that combining qualitative and quantitative resistances can increase the durability of the qualitative resistance (Palloix et al, 2009, Quenouille et al, 2013). Two mechanisms can explain this result : either (i) an increase of genetic drift in the virus population, or (ii) a decrease of the selection advantage of the RB mutant. The purpose of the ongoing work presented here is to disentangle the role of these two mechanisms on the durability of plant qualitative resistances to viruses.To investigate this, we concentrated on a pepper Potato virus Y (PVY) pathosystem on which we report consistent variability in bottlenecks undergone by viral populations at inoculation and in viral accumulation, both determined by the host genotype. We follow by high-throughput sequencing the within-host demo-genetic dynamics of several virus variants in contrasted plant genotypes, carrying a qualitative resistance and different combinations of quantitative resistances. The respective effects of genetic drift and selection are evaluated by fitting models to these data (Fabre, 2012). We further aim at predicting the potential of combining qualitative and quantitative plant resistances to achieve sustainable plant resistance management at the epidemic scale.

Published
2014

42. Protecting the durability of major resistance genes to plant viruses with quantitative resistance

Author

Fabre, Frédéric, Mailleret, Ludovic, Palloix, Alain, Simon, Vincent, Valiere, Sophie, Moury, Benoit, Grognard, Frédéric, and Rousseau, Elsa

Subjects
résistance variétale, virus phytopathogène, durabilité des résistances, résistance quantitative, durabilité des méthodes de lutte, résistance qualitative, pathologie végétale, Sciences agricoles, maladie des plantes, Agricultural sciences
Published
2014

43. The durability of a major resistance gene is affected by quantitative trait loci which also confer quantitative resistance to virus

Author

Quenouille-Lederer, Julie, Paulhiac, Estelle, Mistral, Pascale, Nemouchi, Ghislaine, Sage-Palloix, Anne-Marie, Savio, Bruno, Simon, Vincent, Moury, Benoit, Palloix, Alain, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV)

Subjects
virus phytopathogène, cartographie de qtl, durabilité des résistances, résistance quantitative, qtl de résistance, Virologie, Virology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, gène de résistance, pathologie végétale, virus y de la pomme de terre, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Resistance durability, quantitative resistance, resistance breakdown, Capsicum, Potato virus Y, major resistance gene, QTL analysis, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E
Abstract

National audience

Published
2012

44. Identification of a genetic factor determining the durability of a plant major resistance gene and quantitative resistance to virus accumulation

Author

Quenouille-Lederer, Julie, Paulhiac, Estelle, Mistral, Pascale, Nemouchi, Ghislaine, Sage-Palloix, Anne-Marie, Savio, Bruno, Simon, Vincent, Moury, Benoit, Palloix, Alain, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV)

Subjects
virus phytopathogène, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Virologie, Quantitative trait locus, resistance durability, quantitative resistance, pepper, Potato virus Y, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, poivron, food and beverages, analyse de qtl, gène de résistance, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, virus y de la pomme de terre, capsicum annuum, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, durabilité des résistances, Virology, plante légumière, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, locus de caractère quantitatif, amélioration variétale, pathologie végétale, résistance antivirale
Abstract

International audience; Genetic resistance provides efficient control of crop diseases but is limited by pathogen counteradaptation. The durability of the pvr23 allele, conferring resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY), was demonstrated to depend on the plant genetic background. In order to identify genetic factors affecting the durability of the pvr23 resistance, QTL mapping was performed using doubled-haploid (DH) lines issued from the F1 between two Capsicum annuum lines: ‘Perennial’ carrying pvr23 in a partially resistant background and ‘Yolo Wonder’ carrying the susceptible pvr2+ allele in a susceptible background. 350 DH lines were genotyped with 234 markers and the linkage map was established. The 156 DH lines carrying the pvr23 allele but segregating for the genetic background were evaluated for two traits: the breakdown frequency of pvr23 (following inoculation with a PVY clone nonpathogenic (avirulent) towards pvr23) and the PVY accumulation (following inoculation with a mutant of the previous PVY clone carrying a single mutation conferring pathogenicity towards pvr23). Genotypic variance was highly significant for the two traits with heritabilities of 0.76 and 0.47. One major QTL, explaining 29% of the variance of pvr23 breakdown frequency was identified on chromosome 3 and two QTLs, explaining 25% and 9% of PVY accumulation variation, were identified on chromosomes 3 and 6, respectively. Interestingly, the major QTL for the 2 traits mapped to the same region of chromosome 3. A putative pleiotropic effect affecting simultaneously the two traits, the underlying mechanism and the perspective in breeding for resistance durability will be discussed.

Published
2012

45. Tunisian Potato virus Y isolates with unnecessary pathogenicity towards pepper : Support for the matching allele model in eIF4E resistance – potyvirus interactions

Author

Ben Khalifa, Mekki, Simon, Vincent, Fakhfakh, Hatem, Moury, Benoît, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 'Franco-Tunisian corus' program, programme 'Ecologie pour la gestion des Ecosystèmes et de leurs Ressources', and programme 'Agriculture et Développement Durable'

Subjects
Capsicum annuum, évolution biologique, virus phytopathogène, agriculture durable, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), fungi, food and beverages, poivron, virus à de la pomme de terre, légume, gène de résistance, analyse phylogénétique, pression de sélection, recessive resistance, potyvirus, matching allele model, Potyvirus, resistance durability, pouvoir phytopathogène
Abstract

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; The pathogenicity properties of Potato virus Y (PVY; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) isolatescollected in naturally-infected pepper (Capsicum annuum) fields in Tunisia were evaluated againstrecessive resistance alleles at the pvr2 locus of pepper. Two pathotypes were observed. Pathotype(0,1,3) isolates were able to infect plants carrying the susceptibility allele pvr2+, together withpvr21/pvr21 and pvr23/pvr23 plants but not pvr22/pvr22 plants. Pathotype (0) isolates were only ableto infect pvr2+/pvr2+plants. On the other hand, sequence data and phylogenetic analyses revealedthree major groups of isolates, each characterized by particular amino acid residues in the centralpart of the VPg, the pathogenicity factor towards pvr2. Correspondence between pathogenicityproperties and phylogeny suggested a single evolution step for pathogenicity towards the pvr21 andpvr23 resistances, possibly under the selective pressure of pvr21. Indeed, 23% of the pepper plantsin this area were shown to carry the pvr21 resistance while pvr23 was not detected. The datasuggested that pathogenicity towards pvr21 and pvr23 were not costly for PVY to infect susceptiblepepper genotypes and supported the matching allele model for pepper-PVY interactions.

Published
2012

46. dN/dS-based methods detect positive selection linked to trade-offs between fitness traits in the coat protein of Potato virus Y

Author

Moury, Benoît, Simon, Vincent, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). FRA.

Subjects
APHIDS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], mental disorders, food and beverages, POTATO VIRUS Y, RELATION VIRUS-VECTEUR, POTYVIRUS, psychological phenomena and processes, PVY
Abstract

National audience; The dN/dS ratio between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates is used extensively to identify codon positions involved in adaptation. However, the accuracy of this approach is questioned and few studies have attempted to validate experimentally its predictions. Using the coat protein (CP) of Potato virus Y (PVY), we identified several positively-selected codon positions with the softwares PAML and HyPhy. These positions differed between PVY clades. In the N clade of PVY, positive selection was detected at codon positions 25 and 68. Nonsynonymous substitutions were introduced at these positions in an infectious cDNA clone of PVY and the effect of these mutations on virus accumulation in its two major cultivated hosts, tobacco and potato, and on its efficiency of transmission from plant to plant by aphid vectors was measured. The mutation at codon position 25 significantly modified the virus accumulation in the two hosts while the mutation at codon position 68 significantly modified the virus accumulation in potato and its transmissibility by aphids. Both mutations were involved in trade-offs between different fitness traits and we suggest that detection of positive selection is particularly efficient in this case because these trade-offs impede the fixation of mutations and maintain polymorphism within populations.

Published
2011

47. dN/dS-based methods detect positive selection linked to trade-offs between fitness traits in the coat protein of Potato virus Y

Author

Simon, Vincent and Moury, Benoit

Subjects
évolution biologique, virus phytopathogène, séquence nucleique, food and beverages, nicotiana tabacum, virus, plante industrielle, tabac, PVY, POTATO VIRUS Y, POTYVIRUS, APHIDS, RELATION VIRUS-VECTEUR, solanum tuberosum, vecteur de maladies, pomme de terre, plante légumière, mental disorders, capside virale, mutation, pathologie végétale, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

The dN/dS ratio between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates is used extensively to identify codon positions involved in adaptation. However, the accuracy of this approach is questioned and few studies have attempted to validate experimentally its predictions. Using the coat protein (CP) of Potato virus Y (PVY), we identified several positively-selected codon positions with the softwares PAML and HyPhy. These positions differed between PVY clades. In the N clade of PVY, positive selection was detected at codon positions 25 and 68. Nonsynonymous substitutions were introduced at these positions in an infectious cDNA clone of PVY and the effect of these mutations on virus accumulation in its two major cultivated hosts, tobacco and potato, and on its efficiency of transmission from plant to plant by aphid vectors was measured. The mutation at codon position 25 significantly modified the virus accumulation in the two hosts while the mutation at codon position 68 significantly modified the virus accumulation in potato and its transmissibility by aphids. Both mutations were involved in trade-offs between different fitness traits and we suggest that detection of positive selection is particularly efficient in this case because these trade-offs impede the fixation of mutations and maintain polymorphism within populations.

Published
2011

48. Genetic background matters: a plant–virus gene-for-gene interaction is strongly influenced by genetic contexts

Author

Doumayrou, Juliette, Simon, Vincent, Montarry, Josselin, and Moury, Benoit

Subjects
piment, virus phytopathogène, séquence nucleique, plante légumière, capsicum, virus, lutte génétique, mutation, résistance durable, virus y de la pomme de terre, dna complementary, plant proteins, viral proteins, plant sciences
Abstract

Evolutionary processes responsible for parasite adaptation to their hosts determine our capacity to manage sustainably resistant plant crops. Most plant–parasite interactions studied so far correspond to gene-for-gene models in which the nature of the alleles present at a plant resistance locus and at a pathogen pathogenicity locus determine entirely the outcome of their confrontation. The interaction between the pepper pvr2 resistance locus and Potato virus Y (PVY) genome-linked protein VPg locus obeys this kind of model. Using synthetic chimeras between two parental PVY cDNA clones, we showed that the viral genetic background surrounding the VPg pathogenicity locus had a strong impact on the resistance breakdown capacity of the virus. Indeed, recombination of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) coding region between two PVY cDNA clones multiplied by six the virus capacity to break down the pvr23-mediated resistance. High-throughput sequencing allowed the exploration of the diversity of PVY populations in response to the selection pressure of the pvr23 resistance. The CI chimera, which possessed an increased resistance breakdown capacity, did not show an increased mutation accumulation rate. Instead, selection of the most frequent resistance-breaking mutation seemed to be more efficient for the CI chimera than for the parental virus clone. These results echoed previous observations, which showed that the plant genetic background in which the pvr23 resistance gene was introduced modified strongly the efficiency of selection of resistance-breaking mutations by PVY. In a broader context, the PVY CI coding region is one of the first identified genetic factors to determine the evolvability of a plant virus.

Published
2011

49. Genetic background matters: a plant–virus gene-for-gene interaction is strongly influenced by genetic contexts

Author

Montarry, Josselin, Doumayrou, Juliette, Simon, Vincent, Moury, Benoit, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This study was supported by an AIP Bio-Resources from the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). We gratefully acknowledge Isabelle Bornard for electron microscopy observations, Mireille Jacquemond, Frederic Fabre and Alain Palloix for useful discussions of the present work, and Mark Tepfer for raising our awareness of the high-throughput sequencing technology. Josselin Montarry was the recipient of an INRA postdoctoral fellowship., Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UR0407, Pathologie Végétale, Santé des plantes et environnement, Centre de Recherche PACA, Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, genetic control, séquence nucleique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Potyvirus, plant sciences, virus, piment, phytopathogenic virus, potato virus y, lutte génétique, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, virus phytopathogène, nucleic sequence, sustainable resistance, Original Articles, virus y de la pomme de terre, viral proteins, dna complementary, plante légumière, chilli pepper, capsicum, mutation, résistance durable, plant proteins, Protein Binding
Abstract

International audience; Evolutionary processes responsible for parasite adaptation to their hosts determine our capacity to manage sustainably resistant plant crops. Most plant–parasite interactions studied so far correspond to gene-for-gene models in which the nature of the alleles present at a plant resistance locus and at a pathogen pathogenicity locus determine entirely the outcome of their confrontation. The interaction between the pepper pvr2 resistance locus and Potato virus Y (PVY) genome-linked protein VPg locus obeys this kind of model. Using synthetic chimeras between two parental PVY cDNA clones, we showed that the viral genetic background surrounding the VPg pathogenicity locus had a strong impact on the resistance breakdown capacity of the virus. Indeed, recombination of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) coding region between two PVY cDNA clones multiplied by six the virus capacity to break down the pvr23-mediated resistance. High-throughput sequencing allowed the exploration of the diversity of PVY populations in response to the selection pressure of the pvr23 resistance. The CI chimera, which possessed an increased resistance breakdown capacity, did not show an increased mutation accumulation rate. Instead, selection of the most frequent resistance-breaking mutation seemed to be more efficient for the CI chimera than for the parental virus clone. These results echoed previous observations, which showed that the plant genetic background in which the pvr23 resistance gene was introduced modified strongly the efficiency of selection of resistance-breaking mutations by PVY. In a broader context, the PVY CI coding region is one of the first identified genetic factors to determine the evolvability of a plant virus.

Published
2011

50. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission from laboratory scale incineration of biomass

Author

Romdhana, Hedi Mohamed, Moreau, L., Sablayrolles, Caroline, Vignoles, Mireille, Lecomte, Didier, Simon, Vincent, Génie industriel alimentaire (GENIAL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], laboratory scale, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, biomass, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], incineration
Abstract

absent

Published
2010

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