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The motion of an observer in the rest frame of the cosmic 21 cm background induces an anisotropy in the observed background, even when the background is isotropic. The induced anisotropy includes a dipole and a quadrupole, in the order decreasing in amplitude. If observed, these multipole anisotropies can be used as additional probes of the spectral shape of the global 21 cm background for mitigating the ambiguity in the monopole spectrum probed by single-element radio telescopes such as EDGES and SARAS. This could also help with understanding the astrophysical and cosmological processes that occurred during the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization, and even improve the estimation of the solar velocity and the foreground spectra. Here, we study the feasibility of such observations and present science drivers for the measurement of the 21 cm dipole and quadrupole. We find that future 21 cm experiments can in principle detect the 21 cm dipole to high significance, potentially improving measurement accuracy of Earth velocity with respect to the Milky Way, galactic, and extragalactic foreground monopole spectra by an order of magnitude, as well as improving 21 cm astrophysical parameters by 2%–5%.

The motion of an observer in the rest frame of the cosmic 21 cm background induces an anisotropy in the observed background, even when the background is isotropic. The induced anisotropy includes a dipole and a quadrupole, in the order decreasing in amplitude. If observed, these multipole anisotropies can be used as additional probes of the spectral shape of the global 21 cm background for mitigating the ambiguity in the monopole spectrum probed by single-element radio telescopes such as EDGES and SARAS. This could also help with understanding the astrophysical and cosmological processes that occurred during the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization, and even improve the estimation of the solar velocity and the foreground spectra. Here, we study the feasibility of such observations and present science drivers for the measurement of the 21 cm dipole and quadrupole. We find that future 21 cm experiments can in principle detect the 21 cm dipole to high significance, potentially improving measurement accuracy of Earth velocity with respect to the Milky Way, galactic, and extragalactic foreground monopole spectra by an order of magnitude, as well as improving 21 cm astrophysical parameters by 2%–5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tobacco waste generated from cigarette and cigar production, as well as discarded cigarette butts resulting from cigarette use, were recycled and their use as adsorbent materials was investigated. For this purpose, both products underwent various thermal and chemical treatments and were converted into hydrochar form. Chemically activated hydrochar was used in dye removal experiments due to its high surface area and adsorbent properties. Malachite green was selected as the dye material for the project. Adsorption experiments were conducted at different initial concentrations, adsorbent doses, and contact times. In experiments on the removal of malachite green with butts and tobacco waste hydrochars, removal rates as high as 99% were obtained. As a result of adsorption experiments carried out with both hydrochars, it was observed that the adsorption fits the Langmuir isotherm model and the Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model. Tobacco waste and discarded cigarette butts, which are cheap, readily available, and abundant, were found to be effective alternative adsorbents for malachite green removal.

Abstract Background It has been reported that 43.6% of ankle fractures are accompanied by posterior malleolus fractures. The aim of this study is to define a safe zone for posterior malleolus fractures by determining the locations of the important anatomical structures in this region. Additionally, it aims to identify the trans-Achilles passage line for Kirschner wire insertion through a posteroanterior approach for posterior malleolus fragments. Methods Six below-knee amputee fresh-frozen leg cadavers were used in this study. A trans-Achilles Kirschner wire was applied to the cadavers in the posteroanterior direction under the guidance of fluoroscopy. The areas where the Kirschner wire passed were dissected, and their proximity to vital anatomical structures was measured. Results In all cadavers, the transverse thickness of the Achilles tendon at the level of the trans-Achilles Kirschner wire was 15.5 mm and the trans-Achilles Kirschner wire application was 18.6 mm from the sural nerve, 16 mm from the posterior tibial tendon, and 12.16 mm from the flexor digitorum longus muscle. It was performed 15.16 and 14.6 mm from the posterior tibial artery and vein, 12.3 mm from the tibial nerve, 13.6 mm from the tibiofibular joint, and 55.5 mm from the insertion site of the Achilles tendon to the calcaneus and at a sufficient distance from vital anatomical structures. Conclusions The proposed trans-Achilles percutaneous surgical technique is safe from neurovascular structures for fixing posterior malleolar fractures. However, the long-term clinical outcomes of this technique need to be explored. Level of evidence Level III, A cadaveric study.

The second pillar of the European Union’s (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aims at supporting rural areas by meeting the economic, environmental and social challenges. To deal with these challenges, countries are faced with the question of selecting the best tools among a large set of policy instruments. The problem of choosing the best policy instruments is aggravated by the very heterogeneous character of the societal demands that differ among member countries with very different economic and institutional structures. This study aims to introduce the agent-based modelling platforms that have been widely used in the impact analysis of recent rural development policies in the EU in a comparative manner. It also aims to explain how the above-mentioned sources of heterogeneity are handled in these models. To achieve the stated objectives, the study first examines the historical development of rural development policies within the EU. Subsequently, it proceeds to analyse several agent-based platforms that have been employed for the purpose of assessing the impact of agricultural policies with respect to certain features such as integration of land market, modelling unit, decision rule, rules of exit, labour market and price formation. To conclude, it is observed that as the rural development policies are formulated on farm-basis and as farms have a heterogeneous structure within themselves, in addition, the expansion of databases and the development of empirical analysis tools and technologies have led to a shift in empirical analyses towards agent-based models. However, these modelling platforms still embody various problems, especially in terms of database adjustments and parameterization and calibration of the model.

Abstract RNA editing is a highly conserved process. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) mediated deamination of adenosine (A-to-I editing) is associated with human disease and immune checkpoint control. Functional implications of A-to-I editing are currently of broad interest to academic and industrial research as underscored by the fast-growing number of clinical studies applying base editors as therapeutic tools. Analyzing the dynamics of A-to-I editing, in a biological or therapeutic context, requires the sensitive detection of differential A-to-I editing, a currently unmet need. We introduce the local differential editing index (LoDEI) to detect differential A-to-I editing in RNA-seq datasets using a sliding-window approach coupled with an empirical q value calculation that detects more A-to-I editing sites at the same false-discovery rate compared to existing methods. LoDEI is validated on known and novel datasets revealing that the oncogene MYCN increases and that a specific small non-coding RNA reduces A-to-I editing.

Not available.

In this article, we delve into the realm of higher dimensional Leibniz-Rinehart algebras, exploring the intricate structures of Leibniz algebroids and their applications. By generalizing the concept of Lie algebroids and incorporating a Leibniz rule for the anchor map, the study sheds light on the fundamental principles underlying connections and underscores their significance. Through a comprehensive analysis of Leibniz-Rinehart algebras, this study paves the way for advancements and applications, offering a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between algebraic and geometric structures.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases. One such disease is Peyronie’s disease (PD), a fibrotic disorder of the penis caused by uncontrolled transformation of resident fibroblasts to alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts. These cells produce large amounts of extracellular matrix, leading to formation of a plaque in the penile tunica albuginea (TA), causing pain, penile curvature, and erectile dysfunction. We have used primary fibroblasts derived from the TA of PD patients to explore the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a key signalling factor in this process. TGF-β1 treatment elicited a range of responses from the myofibroblasts: (i) they secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were more numerous and differed in size and shape from those secreted by fibroblasts, (ii) these EVs prevented TGF-β1-induced transformation of fibroblasts in a manner that was dependent on vesicle uptake and (iii) they prevented phosphorylation of Erk1/2, a critical component in modulating fibrogenic phenotypic responses, but did not affect TGF-β1-induced Smad-signalling. We posit that this effect could be linked to enrichment of TSG-6 in myofibroblast-derived EVs. The ability of myofibroblast-derived vesicles to prevent further myofibroblast transformation may establish them as part of an anti-fibrotic negative feedback loop, with potential to be exploited for future therapeutic approaches.

Objective(s): Sepsis poses a significant threat to human life, rendering it a burdensome medical disease. Despite significant advancements, the current state of medical science still lacks a viable and efficacious cure. Costunolide (COST) is a multifaceted sesquiterpene lactone that exhibits a range of actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the potential impacts of COST on a rat sepsis model caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Materials and Methods: We created an experimental rat model with the following groups: SHAM, CLP, CLP+low dose COST, and CLP+high dose COST. Blood, kidney, and lung samples were collected. Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were investigated. In addition, we assessed oxidative stress by measuring 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunopositivity, MDA levels, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations backed up our findings.Results: Compared to the CLP group, the COST group showed a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators. The expression of inflammatory mediators was suppressed by COST, and histological examinations revealed improvements in kidney and lung tissues in the treatment groups.Conclusion: Our study highlights the preventive effects of COST against CLP-induced sepsis-related injury. Considering its beneficial effects against many diseases, COST is worthy as to be evaluated against sepsis.

Customer contact centres are one of the types of businesses that support digital operations, where goods and services are offered as a bundle of products. Through these centres, consumers can both access sub-services related to telecommunication services and purchase the technologies that will enable this access. The fact that the telecommunications sector has become a locomotive sector in many countries worldwide makes it necessary to understand customers' behaviour. At this point, it is also essential to investigate how they behave in contact centres, which are part of the holistic channel. This study examines the behaviour of store customers who visit contact centres using non-computational methods. The study also compares the observed behaviours according to demographic data and tries to understand the dynamics of the purchase decision process. In this way, the effects of shoppers' profile characteristics, in-store movements and store structure on the termination status and duration of shopping were revealed. While differences were detected according to gender, no significant differences were found according to age in the findings. Similarly, the importance of consumers' in-store movements for sales was presented. It is thought that the results obtained in the research will contribute to both customer contact centres and future research, especially the local authorities of the company where the store data is received.

Objective(s): In the present study, it was evaluated whether morin has a protective effect on testicular toxicity caused by ifosfamide (IFOS), which is used in the treatment of various malignancies. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 100 or 200 mg/kg morin was given to Sprague Dawley rats for 2 days, and a single dose (500 mg/kg) IFOS was administered on the 2nd day. At the 24th hr of IFOS administration, animals were decapitated and testicular tissues were taken and the status of oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy, and apoptosis markers were analyzed by biochemical, molecular, and histopathological methods.Results: According to the data obtained, it was determined that IFOS caused oxidative stress in testicular tissues. It was observed that inflammation, ERS, autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage occurred with oxidative stress. Morin treatment suppressed oxidative stress. Morin showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels. It also increased the mRNA transcript levels of the ERS marker ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, GRP-78, and CHOP genes, and the apoptosis marker genes Bax, Casp-3, and apaf-1. It up-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 gene and the cell survival signal AKT-2 gene. Morin caused a decrease in beclin-1 protein levels and showed an anti-autophagic effect. In addition, morin attenuated oxidative DNA damage and decreased 8-OHdG immune-positive cell numbers.Conclusion: As a result, it was observed that IFOS caused cellular damage by activating various signaling pathways in testicular tissue, while morin exhibited protective properties against this damage.

Objective(s): Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a vital health condition leading to acute kidney injury. Costunolide (COST) is an actively used molecule clinically for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we searched for the possible protective effects of COST against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Materials and Methods: We established a renal I/R rat model. We divided forty rats into four groups: group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R+COST 5 mg/kg), and group IV (I/R+COST 10 mg/kg). We collected blood, kidney, and lung samples for analysis. Results: COST administration performed anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by reducing oxidant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels. COST alleviated DNA damage through declining 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. In addition, COST diminished tubular damage and inflammation by reducing kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) production. COST administration also ameliorated apoptosis and autophagy by decreasing caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (MAPLC3, LC3B) expression.Conclusion: COST demonstrated protective effects against renal I/R-induced injury.

Objective: We aimed to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP), keratometry values (K), and anterior segment parameters of patients with clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) with the other eyes without PEX and the control group. Material and Method: Fifty four patients with unilateral PEX findings and 40 participants without PEX findings in both eyes were included in the study as a control group. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. K values and anterior segment parameters [central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA), and anterior chamber volume (ACV)] were measured using Scheimpflug imaging technique. Results: The mean age of PEX patients was 67.9±9.2 years, while the mean age of the control group was 58.9±5.7 years. The IOP values of the eyes with PEX were significantly higher than the other eyes (p=0.02), and there was no significant difference between them and the control group (p=0.59). In terms of K values and anterior segment parameters, the measurements of eyes with PEX and the other eyes, and eyes with PEX and control group were similar (p gt;0.05). Conclusion: In our study, eyes with PEX had higher IOP values than the fellow eyes and control group. In addition, thinner CCT, narrower ACD, and ICA values were found in eyes with PEX than in the other eyes. However, these values were not statistically significant.

In the evaluation after septorhinoplasty (SRP), the surgeon's plan and the patient's expectations may not always be realised. Therefore, in our prospective case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scales (NOSE), which have been validated in different patient populations in Turkish, are appropriate for evaluating SRP cases and their relationship with each other. Preoperative and postoperative data of NOSE and SNOT-22 questionnaires of 125 cases diagnosed with traumatic septum deviation and external nasal deformity and decided to be operated were analyzed. It was calculated that the SNOT-22 score of those with high/low preoperative NOSE scores was also high/low with a 53.6% probability and that the SNOT-22 score of those with high/low postoperative NOSE scores was also high/low with a 69.9% probability, indicating a positive and high-level relationship between postoperative NOSE and SNOT-22 measurements. When the answers given to all questions in SNOT-22 were evaluated separately, it was observed that the most disturbing symptoms of the cases were nasal obstruction at 78.4% and the need to blow the nose at 46.4% in the preoperative period, and nasal obstruction with 64.8% and the need to blow nose with 37.6% in the postoperative period. The most dramatic changes in the answers to SNOT-22 questions were observed in the patient's feelings of frustrated/restless/irritable, sadness, and embrassed. SNOT-22 and NOSE questionnaires can be used interchangeably to evaluate the functional status of patients undergoing SRP surgery. [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 710-5]

Çevresel konularda yaşanan son dönemdeki gelişmeler devletlerin dikkatinin çevresel problemlere ve çeşitli çözümlere yönelmesine neden olmuştur. Bunun sonucunda birçok devlet ve uluslararası kuruluş çevresel sorunların yol açtığı olumsuzluklar karşısında çeşitli önlemler almıştır. Çevresel koruma önlemleri konusunda giderek artan ihtiyaç, daha fazla finansman kaynağını gerektirmiştir. Bu durumun sonucunda yenilikçi çözümler ortaya atılmaya başlanmış ve bu yenilikçi çözümlerden biri olan çevresel etkili tahvil ile özel yatırımcıların çevresel konuların çözümüne yönelik yatırım yapması sağlanmıştır. Çevresel etkili tahvil, “performansa dayalı ödeme” yapısı ve tüm taraflarına sağladığı faydalar ile öne çıkmasına karşın henüz sadece ABD’de uygulanmıştır. Yarattığı birçok avantaj yanında birtakım dezavantajlara sahip olan çevresel etkili tahviller hala dar bir uygulama alanına sahip olup atık su ve kanalizasyon problemlerinin aşılması ve ormanların dayanıklılığının arttırılması amacıyla uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada çevresel etkili tahviller hakkında bilgi verilmiş, özellikleri ve ihraç süreci açıklanmış, tahvilin bileşenleri, örnekleri ve avantajları konuları incelenmiş ve potansiyeline ulaşmasının önündeki engeller belirlenmiştir. Son olarak çevresel etkili tahvilin Türkiye için uygulanabilirliğine değinilmiş ve dünyada uygulanma potansiyeline ulaşması yönünde çeşitli çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

The multisystemic effects of COVID-19 may continue for a longer time period following the acute phase, depending on the severity of the disease. However, long-term systemic transcriptomic changes associated with COVID-19 disease and the impact of disease severity are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 and its severity on transcriptomic alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following 1 year of the disease. PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy control donors who did not have COVID-19 (C; n = 13), from COVID-19 patients without pneumonia (NP; n = 11), and from COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (SP; n = 10) after 1-year of follow-up. Following RNA isolation from PBMCs, high-quality RNAs were sequenced after creating a library. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified using Benjamini–Hochberg correction and they were analysed for hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Intergroup comparisons (C vs. NP, C vs. SP, and NP vs. SP) of DEGs and DElncRNAs were performed and hub genes were determined. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs and DElncRNAs were made using Metascape (v3.5.20240101) and the first version of NCPATH. The RNA sequencing analysis revealed 4843 DEGs and 1056 DElncRNAs in “C vs. NP”, 1651 DEGs and 577 DElncRNAs in “C vs. SP”, and 954 DEGs and 148 DElncRNAs in “NP vs. SP”, with 291 DEGs and 70 DElncRNAs shared across all groups, respectively. We identified 14 hub genes from 291 DEGs, with functional enrichment analysis showing upregulated DEGs mainly linked to inflammation and osteoclast differentiation and downregulated DEGs to viral infections and immune responses. The analysis showed that 291 common and 14 hub genes were associated with pneumonia and that these genes could be regulated by the transcription factors JUN and NFκB1 carrying the NFκB binding site. We also revealed unique immune cell signatures across DEG categories indicating that the upregulated DEGs were associated with neutrophils and monocytes, while downregulated DEGs were associated with CD4 memory effector T cells. The comparative transcriptomic analysis of NP and SP groups with 52 gene signatures suggestive of IPF risk showed a lower risk of IPF in the SP group than the NP patients. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 may cause long term pathologies by modulating the expression of various DEGs, DeLncRNAs, and hub genes at the cellular level.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are one of the most extensively studied injuries in the field of orthopedics, but despite the extensive research, graft selection for ACL reconstruction remains a matter of debate. The present study aims to evaluate the stiffness and elasticity of native ACLs using texture profile analysis and compare results with those of autografts used in ACL reconstruction. Methods: Included in the study were dissected 12 cadavers from which grafts were recovered. The graft characteristics, such as stiffness, elasticity and resilience, were measured using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Findings: Among the grafts studied, Achilles’ tendon graft (0.70; 0.64) had the highest resilience in both males and females, while the greatest elasticity was identified in the patellar tendon graft (Male: 93 %; Female: 94 %) in all subjects. The highest stiffness value in males was recorded for the quadriceps tendon graft (2928.76 N), while the highest stiffness value in females was recorded for Achilles’ tendon graft (2204.61 N). Interpretation: According to the study data, the autografts that may be considered as an alternative to ACL were, listed in order of strength from high to low, the quadriceps, Achilles’, patella and hamstring tendons in men, and the Achilles’, quadriceps, patellar and hamstring tendons in women. It is worthy of note that the hamstring tendon graft, which is the most frequently preferred autograft in ACL reconstruction, was found to be the lowest in all parameters in both groups.

In recent years, health crises have led consumers to make more frequent purchases of food supplements. The global food supplement market, which reached $61.20 billion in 2020, is estimated to reach $163.12 billion by 2022 and $350.96 billion by 2032. However, many consumers still have concerns about the safety of food supplements. Within the scope of the research, firstly, the health consciousness (HC) level of food supplement consumers was determined. Secondly, food safety knowledge (FSK) and food safety concerns (FSCs) were measured. Thirdly, consumers’ attitudes (ATUs), subjective norms (SNs), and behavioral intentions (BIs) toward food supplements were determined within the scope of the theory of reasoned action. The study used a convenient sampling, and 327 participants were included in the sample population. The data for the analysis was collected using the online survey method in the third quarter of 2023. The relationships between hypothesized items in the structural model were tested using the Smart-PLS. The validity and reliability of the measurement model were evaluated at the start of the structural equation modelling approach using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Regression analyses were performed in the structural model phase to evaluate overall fit and suggested relationships by way of the Smart-PLS. In light of the findings, it was determined that the interaction between HC and ATU was mediated by FSK, and the interaction between HC and the SN was mediated by FSK. Consequently, this research presents a variety of theoretical and practical implications to give clues for consumers’ health regarding food supplement consumption.

In children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who lack an HLA identical sibling, the donor can be replaced with an HLA matched unrelated donor (MUD) or a haploidentical donor (haplo). We compared outcomes of patients

Arterial hypoxemia occurs in many COVID-19 patients. Hypoxemia is one of the causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Main pulmonary artery dilatation and the main pulmonary artery diameter (mPAD) to ascending aorta diameter (AAD) ratio of ≥1 are significant findings regarding PH. In this study, COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients with viral respiratory tract infection were evaluated retrospectively in terms of PH. A total of 124 patients (71 male and 53 female), age range 18-85 years, were included in the study as case group and control group. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) images, blood and biochemical parameters, and demographic information were compared between the case group and control group. The normality of numerical variables was examined with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homogeneity of the variances with Levene’s test. This is the first study researching the effect of early hypoxemic stage COVID-19 infection on development of PH. As a result, it was specified that COVID-19 infection had no effects on mPAD, whereas it had a positive effect on AAD and thus led to a decrease in the mPAD/AAD ratio. Through these values, which could be easily calculated from thoracic CT images, the changes caused by COVID-19 infection on vessel diameters were put forward.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are highly active in soil ecosystems for legumes due to their biotic activities. Vuralia turcica (Kit Tan, Vural & Kucukoduk) Uysal & Ertugrul is a Turkish endemic legume plant with potential value as ornamental and food crops. However, reports of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in V. turcica rhizosphere are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was the isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from V. turcica rhizospheric soil. Ten bacterial strains were isolated and identified by comparing the 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA ITS region. 4 isolates belonged to Bacillus megaterium, 3 strains belonged to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, 1 strain belonged to Rhodococcus erythropolis, 1 strain belonged to Xanthomonas albilineans. The remaining 1 strain belonged to Lysobacter enzymogenes, respectively.

Between 2011 and 2012, a phase II trial evaluated the use of the RiBVD (rituximab, bendamustine, velcade and dexamethasone) combination as first-line treatment for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients over the age of 65. We have now re-examined the classic prognostic factors, adding an assessment of TP53 mutation status. Patients (N=74; median age 73 years) were treated with the RiBVD combination. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 79 months and median overall survival (mOS) was 111 months. TP53 mutation status was available for 54/74 (73%) patients. TP53 mutations (TP53mt) were found in 12 patients (22.2%). In multivariate analysis, among the prognostic factors (PF) evaluated, only TP53mt and an albumin level (Alb) 3.6 g/dL were independently associated with a shorter mPFS. A hazard ratio (HR) of 3.16 (1.3-9.9, P=0.014) was obtained for TP53mt versus TP53 wild-type (wt), and 3.6 (1.39-9.5, P=0.009) for Alb

Background: Cycloplegic drops are commonly used in ophthalmology practice. Changes in anterior segment parameters may occur after cycloplegia. These changes can be evaluated with corneal topography. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride and 1% tropicamide on anterior segment parameters using the Sirius Scheimpflug imaging technique. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: One hundred twenty eyes of sixty healthy volunteers with spherical equivalent (SE) values of 0 to ±1 diopter (D) were studied. The right eye of each subject had instillation of cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% (Group 1) and the left eye of each subject had instillation of tropicamide 1% (Group 2). SE, intraocular pressure, and corneal topography measurements were performed before and 40 min after instillation were compared. Results: In Group 1, SE, aqueous depth, anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle (ICA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and pupil size (PS) values were significantly increased ( p 0.05). The effects of the two administered agents on all parameters were similar ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Cyclopentolate hydrochloride and tropicamide affected SE, ICA, ACV, and PS values significantly. These parameters are important in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. PS is also important in refractive surgery and cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation. Although there was an insignificant difference between the agents, the effects of tropicamide on the parameters were smaller than those of cyclopentolate.

Terörizm, 21. Yüzyılda farklı isim, amaç ve tekniklerle birçok ülkede varlık göstermektedir. Bazen bağımsız, çoğu zaman bir ya da birkaç devletin güdümünde hareket eden terör örgütleri doğduğu bölgede kalmamakta, geniş bir alana yayılmaktadır. İletişim ve ulaşım tekniklerinin gelişmesi terörün eylem pratiğini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Hedefinde olan ülkelerin ekonomisini, siyasetini, politikalarını, yatırımlarını, sosyal hayatını, demografik özelliklerini, askeri politikalarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Silahlı eylemlerle sadece güdümündeki bölgeyi etkilemekle kalmamakta, ülkelerin küresel anlamda siyasi, ekonomik iş birliğini sekteye uğratmakta ve zarar vermektedir. Aynı zamanda yatırımları durduran, refahın yönünü değiştiren terörün bitirilmesi için ortak söylemlerin kullanıldığı ancak ortak eylemlerin uygulanamaması teröre alan sağlamakta ve yayılımını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada terörizm, küresel kamusal kötü bağlamında ele alınmış, ülkeler açısından ortaya çıkardığı olumsuzluklar irdelenmiştir. Nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmada terörizmin beslendiği ve terörizme zemin hazırlayan her türlü argümanın ortadan kaldırılması gerekliliği üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Küresel bir sorun olan terörizmin çözümünün de küresel ortak bir mücadeleyle sağlanabileceği önerilmektedir.

Abstract Background Integrative medicine is used frequently alongside chemotherapy treatment in pediatric oncology, but little is known about the influence on toxicity. This German, multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of complementary treatments on toxicity related to intensive-phase chemotherapy treatment in children aged 1–18 with the primary outcome of the toxicity sum score. Secondary outcomes were chemotherapy-related toxicity, overall and event-free survival after 5 years in study patients. Methods Intervention and control were given standard chemotherapy according to malignancy & tumor type. The intervention arm was provided with anthroposophic supportive treatment (AST); given as anthroposophic base medication (AMP), as a base medication for all patients and additional on-demand treatment tailored to the intervention malignancy groups. The control was given no AMP. The toxicity sum score (TSS) was assessed using NCI-CTC scales. Results Data of 288 patients could be analyzed. Analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the AST and the control group for the primary endpoint or the toxicity measures (secondary endpoints). Furthermore, groups did not differ significantly in the five-year overall and event-free survival follow up. Discussion In this trial findings showed that AST was able to be safely administered in a clinical setting, although no beneficial effects of AST between group toxicity scores, overall or event-free survival were shown.