119 results on '"Sarsaparilla"'
Search Results
2. Effect of Smilax spp. and Phellinus linteus combination on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of breast cancer cells.
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Chalertpet, Kanwalat, Sangkheereeput, Thanawitch, Somjit, Prakaithip, Bankeeree, Wichanee, and Yanatatsaneejit, Pattamawadee
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FLOW cytometry ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDES ,HETEROCYCLIC compounds ,APOPTOSIS ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CELL proliferation ,SARSAPARILLA ,RESEARCH funding ,GENE expression profiling ,CISPLATIN ,CELL lines ,PLANT extracts ,TUMOR markers ,BREAST tumors - Abstract
Background: Although the prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has been reduced in recent years, proficient therapeutic regimens should be further investigated with the aim of further reducing the mortality rate. To obtain more effective treatment, the present study aimed to observe the effects of PL synergistically combined with Smilax corbularia and S. glabra extracts (PSS) on BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. Methods: The half-maximal inhibition (IC
50 ) concentrations of PSS and PL were determined in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assay. The activity of PSS and PL on anti-BC proliferation was evaluated using BrdU assay, and colony formation assay. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction as a result of PSS and PL exposure were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and co-staining of annexin V DY634 and PI combined flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Finally, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in proliferative and apoptotic pathways (MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, PI3KCA, KRAS, BAX, and CASP8) were explored using RT-qPCR following PSS and PL treatment. Results: The PSS and PL extracts exhibited significant potential in BC cytotoxicity which were in were in dose- and time-dependent response. This inhibition of cell growth was due to the suppression of cell proliferation, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, an investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that PSS and PL are involved in downregulation of the MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, and PI3KCA expression. Conclusions: This present study has suggested that PSS and PL possess anti-BC proliferative activity mediated via the downregulation of genes participating in the relevant pathways. PSS or PL may be combined with other agents to alleviate the adverse side effects resulted from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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3. Pharmacognostic study and antioxidant capacity of the Smilax purhampuy Ruiz species that grows in Ecuador
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Pilar A. Soledispa Cañarte, Raisa Mangas Marín, Viviana García Mir, Migdalia Miranda Martínez, Carolina F. Matute Jimbo, and Arlu I. Tello Mayorga
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antioxidant ,leaves ,phenolic compounds ,rhizomes ,sarsaparilla ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Context: Smilax purhampuy Ruiz (sarsaparilla) is traditionally used to treat various ailments such as sudorific, diuretic, purifying, hypoglycemic, arthritis, dermatological infections, intestinal, stomach and prostate inflammations, vaginitis and viral diseases. However, the investigations that justify the use of this species are scarce. Aims: To evaluate pharmacognostically and chemically leaves and rhizomes of sarsaparilla, and their antioxidant capacity. Methods: The pharmacognostic analysis of both plant organs was carried out from the determination of their physicochemical parameters, the phytochemical screening, the quantification of phenols and total flavonoids and the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity by three in vitro methods (FRAP, DPPH and ABTS). Results: The leaves and rhizomes of the species showed a similar chemical composition, although some metabolites seem to be found at different concentrations. Although the two organs studied presented antioxidant activity, it was higher in the leaves, which could be associated with the higher content of phenols and flavonoids. Conclusions: The results obtained made it possible to report the quality parameters for the first time and suggest the chemical composition of both organs, showing some differences between them. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity demonstrated the potential of the species to be used as a natural remedy.
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- 2022
4. THE MISAPPROPRIATION OF NATIVE/INDIGENOUS IMAGERY IN PHARMACEUTICAL ADVERTISING.
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BOND, GREG, FISHER, BETH, HIGBY, GREG, HUSET, KRISTEN, and RICHERT, LUCAS
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DRUG advertising ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,MEDICINAL plants ,SARSAPARILLA - Published
- 2022
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5. Smilax china Polyphenols Stimulate Browning via β3-Adrenergic Receptor/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.
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Kong, Li, Xu, Meng, Yang, Licong, Liu, Shanshan, and Zheng, Guodong
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PROTEIN kinases , *OBESITY , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *POLYPHENOLS , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *CELL culture , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *GENETIC disorders , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *GENE expression , *CELL survival , *SARSAPARILLA , *PLANT extracts , *LIPID metabolism disorders , *DATA analysis software , *CHINESE medicine - Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of Smilax china L. polyphenols (SCLPs) in enhancing lipid metabolism and stimulating browning to reduce lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. SCLP treatment obviously decreased lipid content in a dose-dependent manner (10–40 μg/mL) in adipocytes. SCLP treatment cooperated with noradrenalin to increase lipolysis. SCLPs reduced the gene expressions of C/EBP α and Ap2 and enhanced the expressions of ACO, CPT, pHSL/HSL, ATGL, and PKA in adipocytes. Furthermore, SCLPs increased mRNA and protein expressions of brown adipocyte-specific factors (UCP-1, PRDM16, PGC-1α, and PPARγ) and mRNA expressions of beige adipocyte-specific markers (CD137, Tbx1, and Tmem26) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis genes (Nrf1 and Tfam). In addition, according to the immunofluorescence staining, the mitochondria number was increased by SCLP. Moreover, β3-AR or AMPK agonist synergistic SCLPs enhanced the expressions of UCP-1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α. While β3-AR or AMPK antagonist significantly decreased the expressions of these brown adipocyte-specific factors, SCLP treatment inhibited the effect of antagonist to improve the expression of UCP-1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α. These results indicated that SCLPs may regulate lipid metabolism and stimulate browning via the β3-AR/AMPKα signaling pathway. Thus, SCLPs likely have potential therapeutic effects on obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Steinernema australe Enhanced Its Efficacy against Aegorhinus nodipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae in Berry Orchards after an Artificial Selection Process.
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Navarro, Patricia D., Palma-Millanao, Rubén, Ceballos, Ricardo, and Monje, Almendra J.
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CURCULIONIDAE , *BEETLES , *SOIL nematodes , *LARVAE , *BERRIES , *INSECT nematodes , *ORCHARDS - Abstract
The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema australe was isolated from Isla Santa Magdalena in Chile and identified as a good alternative for controlling Aegorhinus nodipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae. This weevil is native to the south of Chile and some regions in Argentina, causing the decline and ultimate death of plants in berry orchards. The major problem brought about by the weevil is caused by the larvae, which spend between nine and eleven months below ground, feeding inside the roots of the plants. This study seeks to increase S. australe's efficacy through an artificial selection process using an odor stimulus. We selected infective juveniles (IJs) that followed the stimulus in order to reach larvae at a depth of 30 cm to achieve this objective. Larvae infected with selected IJs and IJs from the original stock were compared under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. The results showed a 20% increase in the efficacy of selected IJs compared with IJs from the original stock. We observed a higher proportion of selected IJs that reached the larvae faster during the first four days post-application. Moreover, larvae treated with selected IJs were depleted, with a mix of nematode stages emerging from the cadaver. Finally, a potential trade-off with regard to the recycling of nematodes into the soil is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Regulating the Imbalance of Gut Microbiota by Smilax china L. Polyphenols to Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
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Xu, Meng, Xue, Hui, Qiao, Gaoxiang, Liao, Mingfu, Kong, Li, Zhang, Qingfeng, Lin, Lezhen, Yang, Licong, and Zheng, Guodong
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CYTOKINES , *INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *BODY weight , *POLYPHENOLS , *GUT microbiome , *ANIMAL experimentation , *OXIDATIVE stress , *SARSAPARILLA , *INTESTINAL diseases , *RESEARCH funding , *PLANT extracts , *DEXTRAN , *CHINESE medicine , *MICE - Abstract
Smilax china L. is used not only as a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients with various pharmacological properties, but also as food in certain parts of China. However, it is by far still unclear whether Smilax china L. polyphenols (SCP), as important bioactive constituents in Smilax china L., have effects on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study investigated the impact of SCP on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD and gut microbiota in mice. SCP treatments ameliorated typical symptoms of IBD as what was reflected through suppressing body weight loss, colonic shortening, intestinal barrier damage, and increasing intestinal disease activity index. SCP treatments simultaneously decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, as well as promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, SCP ameliorated the ecological imbalance of gut microbiota and regulated the key bacteria associated with IBD (including Akkermansiaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Anaeroplasmataceae). In general, SCP may improve DSS-induced IBD in mice by regulating inflammatory factors, inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing intestinal tissue damage, and regulating the ecological imbalance of intestinal microbiota. Thus, SCP might serve as a potential therapeutic agent against the inflammation-driven diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Smilax china L. Extract on LPS-Stimulated THP-1 via Downregulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathway.
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Jiang, Siyi, Wei, Qiong, Ye, Xiaochuan, Luo, Dan, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Li, Zhenglei, You, Pengtao, Huang, Xianzhang, and Liu, Yanwen
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CYTOKINES , *INTERLEUKINS , *HERBAL medicine , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography , *CELL migration , *IN vivo studies , *INFLAMMATION , *MICROBIOLOGICAL assay , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *CELL survival , *GENE expression , *SARSAPARILLA , *MASS spectrometry , *DNA-binding proteins , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology , *MESSENGER RNA , *TUMOR necrosis factors , *PLANT extracts , *CELL lines , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *MOLECULAR structure , *CHINESE medicine , *PHOSPHORYLATION - Abstract
Background. Traditional Chinese medicine Smilax is the rhizome of liliaceous plant Smilax china L., which is used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease and anxieties. Purpose. To investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of the extract from Smilax china L. (ES). Methods. The components of ES were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in xylene-induced ear oedema and egg white-induced plantar swelling test. Cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The inflammatory mediators, proinflammatory cytokines, and MAPK and NF-κB signals in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells were determined using ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot, respectively. Results. 20 compounds of ES were confirmed by comparing with the reference substance. ES displayed more prominent anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control "Jin Gang Teng" capsule in the in vivo acute inflammatory model. ES suppressed the expression of PGE2 and 6-Keot-PGF1α, and the ratio of IC50 (COX-1)/IC50 (COX-2) of ES was 3.15, which indicated that ES could selectively inhibit COX-2. ES dose-dependently (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L) decreased the production and mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, ES significantly decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, and p65, inhibiting the expression of IKKα and the degradation of IκBα. Conclusion. The results suggested that ES could selectively inhibit the activity of COX-2, and the anti-inflammatory effect of ES was associated with the inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via negative regulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-induced THP-1 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. Uses, abundance perception, and potential geographical distribution of Smilax aristolochiifolia Mill (SMILACACEAE) on the Totonacapan Region of Puebla, Mexico.
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Espinoza-Pérez, José, Reyes, César, Hernández-Ruíz, Jesús, Díaz-Bautista, Maximino, Ramos-López, Francisco, Espinoza-Gómez, Abel, and Pérez-García, Oscar
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NONPARAMETRIC statistics , *MATHEMATICAL statistics , *PARAMETERS (Statistics) , *POPULATION geography , *INTERVIEWING , *EDIBLE plants , *TRADITIONAL medicine , *MATHEMATICAL variables , *SARSAPARILLA , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *NATURE , *DATA analysis software , *FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Background: In some regions of Mexico, edible wild plants have been displaced or eliminated from the traditional food systems, mainly by changes in land use, booming monoculture, herbicide use, and by changes among the new generations in the traditional foods and diets of indigenous populations. In the Totonacapan region of Puebla, the gradual change from the traditional acahual plantation to coffee-type agroecosystems has provoked the displacement of old-growth forests and the eradication of wild plants since 1970. One of the wild species which has been used in traditional medicine and food recipes by the Totonac culture is Smilax aristolochiifolia (SMILACACEAE), known as "kgentsililh". This species forms part of traditional Totonac recipes, in which the tender stems are still used in local medicine to treat menstrual pain, deal with dysentery, and prevent hair loss. According to the Maxent® Program, there are still potential areas with habitats suitable to promote its conservation in the Poblano Totonacapan. Methods: We conducted 260 interviews with people in 13 locations in the northern Sierra of the State of Puebla. Variables taken into account in the interview related to the consumption frequency of the species, its abundance and distribution perception, reasons or arguments given by the Totonac indigenous population about the decreased presence of specimens of S. aristolochiifolia, its dates of collection, and the cutting prices of kgentsililh at the community level and in local markets. The relative abundance of S. aristolochiifolia was determined through 22 samples in 2ts of 600 m2. Later, its potential distribution in the state of Puebla was estimated using the Maxent® Program Ver. 3.3.3. Results: Of the 260 Totonac families interviewed, 31% had stopped consuming kgentsililh. The residents reported that in the last 50 years the populations of this plant had diminished in the northern Sierra of the State of Puebla, mainly due to changes in land use, herbicide application, over-collection, and urban growth. In traditional medicine, the stem sap of S. aristolochiifolia is currently employed to help treat baldness, and the "tuberous root" or plant rhizome is used to prepare a tea infusion to treat dysentery. The cost of plant guides varies from 10.00 to 40.00 Mexican pesos for one bunch (around 0.5 to 2.00 US dollars), and every bundle consists of between 7 to 10 cuttings from 0.4 to 0.5 m long. From our 22 quadrats of sampling and collection of S. aristolochiifolia, we were able to recognize a total of 32 specimens. There is a considerable abundance of kgentsililh in acahual plantations and old-growth forests (evergreen lowland and mid-elevation perennial forest) concerning the coffee-type plantations and milpas. According to our analysis using the Maxent Program®, eight physical and climatic variables have a direct relationship to the potential distribution of the species. Conclusions: Smilax aristolochiifolia is still a plant of socioeconomic importance, mainly because of its food value and its use in traditional medicine by indigenous families in Poblano Totonacapan. It is evident that the villagers perceive that in the last 50 years the species has decreased its population mainly due to land-use change, the application of herbicides to the different family production units, and climate change. At the moment, there is no knowledge about the methods of propagation of the species, and therefore there is no intention on the part of the population to conserve the species. However, it would be of great importance to generate a biocultural conservation strategy and take advantage of the results obtained from the potential geographic distribution area, since according to the Maxent® Program, there are still potential areas with habitat suitable to promote conservation in Poblano Totonacapan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. Integrated network pharmacological analysis revealed that Smilax glabra Roxb. alleviates IMQ-induced psoriatic skin inflammation through regulating T cell immune response.
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Guo, Yingxue, Mao, Weiye, Bai, Ningning, Jin, Lu, Tang, Shuiyan, Lin, Xiaochen, Ni, Jianyu, Liu, Xia, Fu, Huiying, and Shou, Qiyang
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QUINOLINE , *PSORIASIS , *CELL differentiation , *BIOLOGICAL models , *PROTEIN kinases , *HERBAL medicine , *ANIMAL experimentation , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *CELL receptors , *BIOINFORMATICS , *GENE expression , *INSULIN , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *SARSAPARILLA , *IMMUNITY , *DERMATOLOGIC agents , *GENE expression profiling , *TRANSFERASES , *PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry , *T cells , *CHINESE medicine , *MICE , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunctional T cells and dysregulated immune responses. Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) is a formulation used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis. This study explores the scientific basis for its use by examining the effects of SGR on T cell differentiation and insulin receptor signaling, relevant pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of SGR (a Chinese medicine) in psoriasis and its impact on T cell differentiation. An integrated network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of SGR in regulating T cell differentiation. A psoriasis mouse model was utilized to evaluate the effects of SGR on T cell subsets. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses were conducted to investigate the modulation of insulin receptor signaling pathways by SGR. SGR treatment effectively reset the expression of various T cell subsets in the psoriasis mouse model, suggesting its ability to regulate T cell differentiation and immune function. Furthermore, SGR treatment inhibited insulin receptor signaling and downstream pathways, including PI3K/AKT and ERK, in psoriatic skin lesions. This indicates that SGR may exert its therapeutic effects through modulation of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of SGR in psoriasis. By modulating T cell differentiation and targeting the insulin receptor signaling pathway, SGR holds promise as a potential treatment option for psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF THE HEXANE FRACTION FROM THE LEAVES OF Smilax brasiliensis (SMILACACEAE).
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Costa FONSECA, Juliana, Avelar AMADO, Paula, Fonsêca CASTRO, Ana Hortência, and dos Santos LIMA, Luciana Alves Rodrigues
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HEXANE , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *FLAVONOIDS , *ONIONS , *LETTUCE , *LEAVES , *METABOLITES , *TRADITIONAL medicine - Abstract
The species of Smilax genus are known as sarsaparilla or japecanga, being widely used in folk medicine as a tonic, antirheumatic, anti-syphilitic, antihypertensive and diuretic and for sweating, arthritis and skin conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic activity and to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in the hexane fraction obtained from Smilax brasiliensis. The leaves were collected, dried, crushed and extracted by percolation with ethanol, obtaining the ethanol extract. Part of this extract was partitioned with hexane, resulting in the hexane (HEX) fraction. The best results by the phytotoxic activity in Lactuca sativa seeds were for the HEX4 and HEX5 sub-fractions, at concentration of 250 µg per plate. When evaluating the phytotoxicity in Allium cepa seeds, the best results were found for the HEX1 sub-fraction for the radicle and the HEX2 sub-fraction for the hypocotyl, both at concentration of 125 µg per plate. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, steroids and flavonoids in the hexane fraction, suggesting that the phytotoxic activity may be attributed at least partially to these compounds; however, additional studies are needed. These results suggest that in the future, the hexane fraction of S. brasiliensis leaves can be used as a natural herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Smilax china L.: A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, actual and potential applications.
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Wang, Meng, Bai, Qian-Xiang, Zheng, Xiu-Xi, Hu, Wen-Jing, Wang, Shuang, Tang, Hai-Peng, Yu, Ai-Qi, Yang, Bing-You, and Kuang, Hai-Xue
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ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents , *MEDICINAL plants , *HERBAL medicine , *FLAVONOIDS , *INFLAMMATION , *NICOTINE , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *HYPOGLYCEMIC agents , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *SARSAPARILLA , *SEARCH engines , *PLANT extracts , *CHINESE medicine - Abstract
Smilax china L., an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Baqia in China. It has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effect and actual and potential applications of S. china. Besides, the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. This article uses " Smilax china L." " S. china " as the keyword and collects relevant information on Smilax china L. plants through electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb. 134 chemical constituents, among which steroid saponins and flavonoids are the predominant groups, have been isolated and identified from S. china. S. china with its active compounds is possessed of wide-reaching biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, detoxify nicotine, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-hyperuricaemia, anti-hypertension, promoting skin wound and barrier repair and anti-bacterial activity. Besides, S. china is also applied to other fields, such as food industry and detection technology. Based on the review of the existing phytochemical studies on Smilax china L., the structural characterization of Smilax china L. extract can continue to be the focus of future research. Pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated some of the traditional uses of Smilax china L. extract, while other traditional uses still need to be confirmed by research. [Display omitted] • S.china is a common natural medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic effects. • The phytochemical components of S.china have various biological activities. • S.china has effects on other fields, especially food industry, detection technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Louis Antoine Planche
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Jaime Wisniak
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angostura ,camphor ,castor oil ,colombo ,ether ,guaiacum ,jalap ,mercurous chloride ,myrrh ,quassia ,sarsaparilla ,scammonny ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Science - Abstract
Louis Antoine Planche (1774-1840), a French pharmacist, devoted his life to the identification and properties of large number of vegetable active principles, among them, jalap, sarsaparilla, Colombo, guaiacum, myrrh, camphor, angostura, and scammonny
- Published
- 2015
14. Cell cycle, energy metabolism and DNA repair pathways in cancer cells are suppressed by Compound Kushen Injection.
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Cui, Jian, Qu, Zhipeng, Harata-Lee, Yuka, Nwe Aung, Thazin, Shen, Hanyuan, Wang, Wei, and Adelson, David L.
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CELL cycle proteins , *DNA metabolism , *WARBURG Effect (Oncology) , *DNA repair , *CELL cycle , *DOUBLE-strand DNA breaks , *ENERGY metabolism , *CANCER cells , *MEDICINAL plants , *CHINESE medicine , *ALKALOIDS , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *CELL lines , *DNA , *GENES , *HERBAL medicine , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *SARSAPARILLA , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Background: In this report we examine candidate pathways perturbed by Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that we have previously shown to alter the gene expression patterns of multiple pathways and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.Methods: We have measured protein levels in Hep G2 and MDA-MB-231 cells for genes in the cell cycle pathway, DNA repair pathway and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) previously shown to have altered expression by CKI. We have also examined energy metabolism by measuring [ADP]/[ATP] ratio (cell energy charge), lactate production and glucose consumption. Our results demonstrate that CKI can suppress protein levels for cell cycle regulatory proteins and DNA repair while increasing the level of DSBs. We also show that energy metabolism is reduced based on reduced glucose consumption and reduced cellular energy charge.Results: Our results validate these pathways as important targets for CKI. We also examined the effect of the major alkaloid component of CKI, oxymatrine and determined that it had no effect on DSBs, a small effect on the cell cycle and increased the cell energy charge.Conclusions: Our results indicate that CKI likely acts through the effect of multiple compounds on multiple targets where the observed phenotype is the integration of these effects and synergistic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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15. Dietary supplement of Smilax china L. ethanol extract alleviates the lipid accumulation by activating AMPK pathways in high-fat diet fed mice.
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Yang, Licong, Zhao, Yan, Pan, Yongfang, Li, Dongming, and Zheng, Guodong
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REDUCING diets , *PROTEIN kinases , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *LIPASES , *ANIMAL experimentation , *DIETARY supplements , *WEIGHT gain , *SARSAPARILLA , *ACYLTRANSFERASES , *PLANT extracts , *OXIDOREDUCTASES , *ADIPOSE tissues , *DIETARY fats , *MICE , *LIPIDS , *CHOLESTEROL , *FATTY acids - Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a public health concern worldwide because it is linked to numerous metabolic disorders, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that are efficacious and have minimal side effects in obesity treatment. This study examined the effect of dietary supplement of Smilax china L. ethanol extract (SCLE) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Methods: Fifty ICR mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with 0.25, 0.5% or 1% SCLE for 8 weeks. Body weight, intraperitioneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight, serum biochemical parameters, and liver lipids were measured. Activity, mRNA and protein expressions of lipid metabolism-related enzymes were analyzed. Results: Over 0.5% SCLE had reduced cholesterol biosynthesis by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently suppressed the mRNA expression of both sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. Thus, the plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in the HFD-fed mice were decreased. AMPK activation caused by SCLE also significantly upregulated lipolysis by enhancing adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activities. This accelerated triglyceride hydrolysis and fatty acid release. Finally, SCLE increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl-CoA oxidase activities, which further promoted fatty acid β-oxidation. Conclusion: SCLE could lead to a decrease in body weight gain and fat mass by inhibiting the lipid synthesis and promoting lipolysis and β-oxidation in HFD fed mice. The underlying mechanism is probably associated with regulating AMPK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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16. Some Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Sarsaparilla (Smilax aspera L., Smilax excelsa L.).
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YILDIZ, Ömer Şerif, AYANOĞLU, Filiz, and BAHADIRLI, Nadire Pelin
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SARSAPARILLA ,PLANT morphology ,PLANT species ,PLANT phenology ,ANTIOXIDANTS - Abstract
Copyright of Agriculture Faculty Journal, Mustafa Kemay University / Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, Mustafa Kemal Universitesi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
17. Smilax aristolochiifolia Root Extract and Its Compounds Chlorogenic Acid and Astilbin Inhibit the Activity of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzymes.
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Pérez-Nájera, Viridiana Candelaria, Gutiérrez-Uribe, Janet Alejandra, Antunes-Ricardo, Marilena, Hidalgo-Figueroa, Sergio, Del-Toro-Sánchez, Carmen Lizette, Salazar-Olivo, Luis A., and Lugo-Cervantes, Eugenia
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ACARBOSE , *AMYLASES , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BLOOD sugar , *CENTRIFUGATION , *CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis , *FLAVONOIDS , *GLYCOSIDASES , *MATHEMATICAL models , *ORGANIC compounds , *PANCREAS , *PLANT roots , *SARSAPARILLA , *YEAST , *PLANT extracts , *THEORY , *CARBOCYCLIC acids - Abstract
Regulating activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase through the use of specific inhibitors is a main strategy for controlling type 2 diabetes. Smilax aristolochiifolia root decoctions are traditionally used in Mexico as hypoglycemic and for weight loss, but the active principles and mechanisms underlying such putative metabolic effects are yet unknown. Here, we isolated the major bioactive compounds from a hydroethanolic extract of S. aristolochiifolia root by fast centrifugal partition chromatography and evaluated their effects against pancreatic α-amylase and yeast α-glucosidase. A chlorogenic acid-rich fraction (CAF) inhibited α-amylase activity with an IC50 value of 59.28 μg/mL in an uncompetitive manner and α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 9.27 μg/mL in a noncompetitive mode. Also, an astilbin-rich fraction (ABF) inhibited α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 12.30 μg/mL, in a noncompetitive manner. CAF inhibition α-amylase was as active as acarbose while both CAF and ABF were 50-fold more potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase than acarbose. The molecular docking results of chlorogenic acid and astilbin with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes correlated with the inhibition mechanisms suggested by enzymatic assays. Our results prove that S. aristolochiifolia roots contain chlorogenic acid and astilbin, which inhibit carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes, suggesting a new mechanism for the hypoglycemic effect reported for this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Smilax glabra: An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine.
- Author
-
Hua, Shiyao, Zhang, Yiwei, Liu, Jiayue, Dong, Lin, Huang, Jun, Lin, Dingbo, and Fu, Xueyan
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE medicine , *PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry , *PHARMACOLOGY , *SARSAPARILLA , *PHYTOCHEMICALS - Abstract
Smilax glabra ( SG) Roxb., a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used worldwide for its marked pharmacological activities for treating syphilitic poisoned sores, limb hypertonicity, morbid leucorrhea, eczema pruritus, strangury due to heat, carbuncle toxin, and many other human ailments. Approximately 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from SG Roxb., and the major components have been determined to be flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and steroids. Among these active compounds, the effects of astilbin, which is used as a quality control marker to determine the quality of SG Roxb., have been widely investigated. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, the primary active components of SG Roxb. possess various pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and cardiovascular system protective activities. However, an extensive study to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of SG Roxb. has not been conducted and is worth of our study. Improving the means of utilizing the effects of SG is crucial. The present paper reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of SG Roxb. and assesses its ethnopharmacological use in order to explore its therapeutic potential for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Baltic Drugs Traffic, 1650-1850. Sound Toll Registers Online as a Source for the Import of Exotic Medicines in the Baltic Sea Area.
- Author
-
Veluwenkamp, Jan Willem and Scheltjens, Werner
- Subjects
HISTORY of the pharmaceutical industry ,MEDICINAL plant industry ,MARITIME shipping ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,IMPORTS ,HISTORY - Abstract
The analysis of the shipping of five key Asian, African and American drugs through the Danish Sound in the period 1650-1850 suggests that the Baltic Sea area absorbed exotic medicinal drugs in significant quantities only from the second half of the eighteenth century--at least about a century later than northwest Europe. This may be an indication that the area differed significantly from northwest Europe in the development of medical services. We have analysed the shipping of five medicinal drugs: china root, sarsaparilla, rhubarb, senna and benjamin. The main source for this analysis is the Danish Sound Toll Registers (STRs), accessed via Sound Toll Registers Online, the STRs electronic database at www.soundtoll.nl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Head-to-Toe Detox Plan.
- Author
-
Khalsa, Karta Purkh Singh
- Subjects
- *
COLON physiology , *KIDNEY physiology , *LIVER physiology , *PHYTOTHERAPY , *SARSAPARILLA , *BLOOD vessels , *CARDIOVASCULAR system physiology , *DIGESTION , *FRUIT , *AYURVEDIC medicine , *SKIN care , *URINARY organ physiology , *FUNCTIONAL foods , *COMMON dandelion , *DETOXIFICATION (Alternative medicine) , *THERAPEUTICS ,THERAPEUTIC use of plant extracts - Abstract
The article offers ideas on how to detox the body and clean out the toxins that build up to renew strength, overall health and vitality. It mentions several botanical medicines that can help enhance the body's major detoxification pathways and the signs that the body needs help with internal cleansing. It offers guide on how to cleanse the liver, skin, blood, and kidneys.
- Published
- 2019
21. Sarsaparilla ( Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Activates Redox-Dependent ATM/ATR Pathway to Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy.
- Author
-
She, Tiantian, Feng, Junnan, Lian, Shenyi, Li, Ruobing, Zhao, Chuanke, Song, Guoliang, Luo, Jie, Dawuti, Rouxianguli, Cai, Shaoqing, Qu, Like, and Shou, Chengchao
- Subjects
- *
COLON tumor prevention , *AUTOPHAGY , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *APOPTOSIS , *BIOLOGICAL models , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *ENZYME inhibitors , *GLUTATHIONE , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *SARSAPARILLA , *PLANT extracts , *STATISTICAL significance , *IN vitro studies , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Sarsaparilla (Smilax GlabraRhizome) exerts growth inhibitory effect on multiple cancer cellsin vitroandin vivo, and redox-dependent persistent activation of ERK1/2 has been reported to underlie this effect. Here, we report an activation of ATM/ATR-dependent signaling pathway also as a mechanism for the cancer cell growth inhibition induced by the supernatant fraction of the water-soluble extract from sarsaparilla (SW). SW treatment (3.5 μg/μL) promoted the phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS and HT-29 cells. The ATM kinase inhibitor, KU55933, could reverse SW-induced ERK phosphorylation but not the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) imbalance in AGS cells. However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. We further found KU55933 significantly antagonized SW-induced S phase arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and the resultant cell growth inhibition. Our results provide another molecular basis for the anticancer action of sarsaparilla. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A MEDICAL MANUSCRIPT ON SARSAPARILLA TRANSLATED BY SURŪRĪ: TERCEME-İ RİSĀLE-İ BĪ-İ ÇĪNĪ.
- Author
-
UZUNKAYA, Uğur
- Subjects
- *
SARSAPARILLA , *TURKIC languages , *OLD Ottoman Turkish language - Abstract
Within the framework of the development of historical Turkic languages, the medical texts were first documented in the language of Old Uyghur. Following this period, these texts appeared again particularly in Old Anatolian Turkish. The quantity of the works on medicine later increased in Ottoman Turkish. Ottoman Turkish, which is the descendant of Old Anatolian Turkish, included studies on a wide range of subjects such as astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry, agriculture, and medicine. This paper aims to present a lexical and scientific analysis of Terceme-i Risāle-i Bīih-i Çīnī (Translation of the treatise on sarsaparilla), based on the critical edition of the manuscript that was translated by Muslih al-Dīn Mustāfā Surūrī, who was one of the most important commentators and translators of the XVIth century Ottoman literature. As far as it can be determined, there are three copies of Terceme-i Risāle-i Bīh-i Çīnī, one of which is in Köprülü Library in Istanbul and the other two are in Süleymaniye Library in Istanbul. This article will make a comparative analysis of these three copies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Sarsaparilla: A Cure for What Ails You: Sarsaparilla is good for much more than flavoring root beer--if you can track down the correct plant!
- Author
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Combs, Dawn
- Subjects
SMILAX ,SARSAPARILLA ,PLANT species - Published
- 2018
24. ANTOINE-BAUDOUIN POGGIALE.
- Author
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Wisniak, Jaime
- Subjects
- *
BIOGRAPHIES of physicians , *TOXICOLOGY , *DIABETES , *SUGARS , *HYDROCYANIC acid - Abstract
Antoine-Baudouin Poggiale (1808-1879) was a French physician who studied physiological and toxicological subjects, such as the process of sugar generation in living organisms, diabetes, the composition of sugar and milk, the use of acetaldehyde as a possible anesthetic, the presence of hydrogen cyanide in tobacco smoke, the poisoning by phosphorus, etc. The results of his work contributed significantly to a better understanding of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
25. The Hot-Water Extract of Smilacis Chinae Rhizome Suppresses 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene and House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Mice.
- Author
-
Ki, Nam Yong, Park, Eun‐Ji, Sung, In sung, Ju, Seul A, Kim, Kyoung Un, Kim, Mi Rae, Song, Do Yeon, Lee, Min‐Ju, Kim, Hak‐Soo, Kang, Boo‐Hyon, Chung, Hun‐Jong, Choi, Eun‐Ju, Yoon, Ki‐Hun, Lee, Min Won, Yun, Seongho, Min, Bokkee, Kwon, Suk Hyung, and Shin, Hwa‐Sup
- Subjects
ANIMAL experimentation ,ANIMALS ,ATOPIC dermatitis ,BIOLOGICAL models ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,INTERLEUKINS ,MICE ,MITES ,PLANT roots ,SARSAPARILLA ,SKIN ,T cells ,PLANT extracts - Abstract
Smilacis Chinae Rhizome (SCR) has been used as an oriental folk medicine for various biological activities. However, its effect on atopic dermatitis (AD) remains undetermined to date. We assessed the effect of orally administered hot-water extract of SCR on AD-like skin lesions in mice and its underlying mechanisms. AD-like murine model was prepared by repeated alternate application of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) extract (DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for 4 weeks, topically to the ears. Daily oral administration of SCR for 3 and 4 weeks significantly reduced inflammatory ear thickening, with the effect being enhanced at the earlier start and longer period of administration. This effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in both Th2 and Th1 serum antibodies (total IgE, DFE-specific IgE, and IgG2a). Histological analysis showed that SCR markedly decreased the epidermal/dermal ear thickening and the dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, SCR suppressed DFE/DNCB-induced expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, TSLP, and IFN-γ genes in the ear tissue. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that chronic oral administration of SCR exerts beneficial effect in mouse AD model, suggesting that SCR has the therapeutic potential as an orally active treatment of AD by modulating both Th1 and Th2 responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Axillary bud and pericycle involved in the thickening process of the rhizophore nodes in Smilax species.
- Author
-
Appezzato-da-Glória, B., Silva, J. M., Soares, M. K. M., Soares, A. N., and Martins, A. R.
- Subjects
SMILAX ,RHIZOPHORA ,BUDS ,PLANT species ,TRADITIONAL medicine ,ANTIRHEUMATIC agents ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Biocatalytic and antibacterial visualization of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Hemidesmus indicus.
- Author
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Latha, M., Sumathi, M., Manikandan, R., Arumugam, A., and Prabhu, N.M.
- Subjects
- *
SARSAPARILLA , *NANOSTRUCTURED materials synthesis , *SILVER nanoparticles , *BIOCATALYSIS , *ANTIBACTERIAL agents , *DRUG efficacy , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy - Abstract
In the present investigation, we described the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extract of Hemidesmus indicus . The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). TEM images proved that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 25.24 nm. To evaluate antibacterial efficacy, bacteria was isolated from poultry gut and subjected to 16S rRNA characterization and confirmed as Shigella sonnei . The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of synthesized silver nanoparticles was studied by agar bioassay, well diffusion and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assay. The H. indicus mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles shows rapid synthesis and higher inhibitory activity (34 ± 0.2 mm) against isolated bacteria S. sonnei at 40 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Cancer Cells by Suppressing TGF-β1 Pathway.
- Author
-
She, Tiantian, Zhao, Chuanke, Feng, Junnan, Wang, Lixin, Qu, Like, Fang, Ke, Cai, Shaoqing, and Shou, Chengchao
- Subjects
- *
SARSAPARILLA , *CANCER cells , *LIVER injuries , *METASTASIS , *T cells , *IMMUNOBLOTTING - Abstract
Sarsaparilla, also known as Smilax Glabra Rhizome (SGR), was shown to modulate immunity, protect against liver injury, lower blood glucose and suppress cancer. However, its effects on cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion were unclear. In the present study, we found that the supernatant of water-soluble extract from SGR (SW) could promote adhesion, inhibit migration and invasion of HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and T24 cells in vitro, as well as suppress metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. Results of F-actin and vinculin dual staining showed the enhanced focal adhesion in SW-treated cells. Microarray analysis indicated a repression of TGF-β1 signaling by SW treatment, which was verified by real-time RT-PCR of TGF-β1-related genes and immunoblotting of TGFBR1 protein. SW was also shown to antagonize TGF-β1-promoted cell migration. Collectively, our study revealed a new antitumor function of Sarsaparilla in counteracting invasiveness of a subset of cancer cells by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Of the China Root: A Case Study of the Early Modern Circulation of Materia Medica.
- Author
-
Winterbottom, Anna E.
- Subjects
SYPHILIS treatment ,CULTURE diffusion ,MATERIA medica ,DRUG exports & imports ,16TH century medical history ,HISTORY ,THERAPEUTICS ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
The early modern rise of syphilis provoked similar anxieties to those that more recently accompanied the global spread of HIV/AIDS. It also stimulated global demand for remedies. I discuss one of the most popular, known as ‘China root’ and usually identified with various species of Smilax. The drug and instructions for its use were spread westward from China by traders of all nationalities from 1535 onwards. Demand became global before being largely replaced in Europe by supplies of various American Smilax species, known collectively as ‘Sarsaparilla’. I examine the economic, political and cultural dynamics of this process and draw from them some conclusions about the early modern drugs trade and its effects on medical thought. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Louis Antoine Planche.
- Author
-
Wisniak, Jaime
- Subjects
- *
PHARMACISTS , *JALAP , *SARSAPARILLA , *PLANTS , *HISTORY of pharmacology , *HISTORY - Abstract
Louis Antoine Planche (1774-1840), a French pharmacist, devoted his life to the identification and properties of large number of vegetable active principles, among them, jalap, sarsaparilla, Colombo, guaiacum, myrrh, camphor, angostura, and scammonny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
31. Optimization of Astilbin Extraction from the Rhizome of Smilax glabra, and Evaluation of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Probable Underlying Mechanism in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages.
- Author
-
Chuan-Li Lu, Yan-Fang Zhu, Meng-Mei Hu, Dong-Mei Wang, Xiao-Jie Xu, Chuan-Jian Lu, and Wei Zhu
- Subjects
- *
SARSAPARILLA , *PLANT stems , *SMILAX , *MEDICINAL plants , *SURFACE chemistry , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *MACROPHAGES , *LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
Astilbin, a dihydroflavonol derivative found in many food and medicine plants, exhibited multiple pharmacological functions. In the present study, the ethanol extraction of astilbin from the rhizome of smilax glabra Roxb was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design. Results indicated that the obtained experimental data was well fitted to a second-order polynomial equation by using multiple regression analysis, and the optimal extraction conditions were identified as an extraction time of 40 min, ethanol concentration of 60%, temperature of 73.63 °C, and liquid-solid ratio of 29.89 mL/g for the highest predicted yield of astilbin (15.05 mg/g), which was confirmed through validation experiments. In addition, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of astilbin was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results showed that astilbin, at non-cytotoxicity concentrations, significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, but did not affect interleukin-6 (IL-6) release or its mRNA expression. These effects may be related to its up-regulation of the phosphorylation of p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Use of Anatomical, Chemical, and Molecular Genetic Characteristics in the Quality Control of Medicinal Species: A Case Study of Sarsaparilla ( Smilax spp.).
- Author
-
Martins, Aline, Soares, Marli, Redher, Vera, Bajay, Miklos, Villela, Priscilla, Zucchi, Maria, and Appezzato-da-Glória, Beatriz
- Subjects
SMILAX ,SARSAPARILLA ,HERBAL medicine ,MOLECULAR genetics ,RF values (Chromatography) ,MEDICINAL plants - Abstract
Copyright of Economic Botany is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Antioxidant effects of the sarsaparilla via scavenging of reactive oxygen species and induction of antioxidant enzymes in human dermal fibroblasts.
- Author
-
Gunhyuk Park, Tae-mi Kim, Jeong Hee Kim, and Myung Sook Oh
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANTS , *SARSAPARILLA , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *FIBROBLASTS , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *COLLAGEN , *EXTRACELLULAR matrix - Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight causes distinct changes in collagenous skin tissues as a result of the breakdown of collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix. UV irradiation downregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-elimination pathways, thereby promoting the production of ROS, which are implicated in skin aging. Smilax glabra Roxb (sarsaparilla) has been used in folk medicine because of its many effects. However, no study on the protective effects of sarsaparilla root (SR) on human dermal fibroblasts has been reported previously. Here, we investigated the protective effect of SR against oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts. SR significantly inhibited oxidative damage and skin-aging factor via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Also, SR decreased Ca2+ and ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, dysfunction, and increased glutathione, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and heme oxygenase-1. These results demonstrate that SR can protect dermal fibroblasts against UVB-induced skin aging via antioxidant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Baltic Drugs Traffic, 1650-1850. Sound Toll Registers Online as a Source for the Import of Exotic Medicines in the Baltic Sea Area
- Author
-
Jan Willem Veluwenkamp and Werner Scheltjens
- Subjects
History ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,international medicine trade ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,rhubarb ,language.human_language ,Sound Toll Registers Online ,Danish ,Medical services ,Fishery ,Baltic sea ,sarsaparilla ,Baltic Sea area ,Toll ,biology.protein ,language ,Electronic database ,China ,Sound (geography) ,Northwest europe ,early modern Europe - Abstract
The analysis of the shipping of five key Asian, African and American drugs through the Danish Sound in the period 1650-1850 suggests that the Baltic Sea area absorbed exotic medicinal drugs in significant quantities only from the second half of the eighteenth century-at least about a century later than northwest Europe. This may be an indication that the area differed significantly from northwest Europe in the development of medical services. We have analysed the shipping of five medicinal drugs: china root, sarsaparilla, rhubarb, senna and benjamin. The main source for this analysis is the Danish Sound Toll Registers (STRs), accessed via Sound Toll Registers Online, the STRs electronic database at www.soundtoll.nl.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Finding the right substitute for Rufus Xavier Sarsaparilla.
- Subjects
PRONOUNS (Grammar) ,SARSAPARILLA ,SENTENCES (Grammar) ,JOURNALISM ,COMPARATIVE grammar - Published
- 2021
36. Smilax glabra Roxb. flavonoids protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway: In vivo and in vitro studies.
- Author
-
Fu, Danting, Zhou, Jiangfeng, Xu, Shanchun, Tu, Jue, Cai, Yueqin, Liu, Jingyan, Cai, Zhaowei, and Wang, Dejun
- Subjects
- *
IN vitro studies , *FLAVONOIDS , *IN vivo studies , *CARDIAC hypertrophy , *ANIMAL experimentation , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *RATS , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *SARSAPARILLA , *PLANT extracts , *MITOGEN-activated protein kinases , *CHINESE medicine , *PHOSPHORYLATION - Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb., the dry rhizome of Sarsaparilla, which is also known as Tu fuling (TFL) in China, is a well-known traditional CHINESE medicine that is widely used for detoxication, relieving dampness and as a diuretic. We have previously shown that the extracted TFL flavonoids (designated TFLF) possess anti-cardiac hypertrophy effects in vitro. However, the anti-cardiac hypertrophy effects of TFLF in vivo and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. To reveal the underlying therapeutic mechanism of TFLF on cardiac hypertrophy by using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model and cellular assays in vitro. Cardiac hypertrophy was replicated by TAC surgery in rats or by isoprenaline treatment of rat H9C2 myocardial cells in vitro. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations in vivo and histological analysis of tissues ex vivo. Biochemical kits and quantitative PCR were used to analyze markers of cardiac hypertrophy. Expression and phosphorylation of key proteins in the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway were quantified by Western blotting. We further confirmed our findings in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes treated with isoprenaline and the ERK inhibitor in vitro. TFLF attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improved cardiac dysfunction in TAC rats. TFLF treatment induced a strong reduction in serum NT-proBNP levels. Cardiac hypertrophy marker gene (ANP , BNP and β-MHC) expression and the phosphorylation levels of c-Raf and ERK1/2 were decreased by TFLF treatment. TFLF also protected H9C2 cells from isoprenaline-induced hypertrophy in vitro via a similar molecular mechanism as that observed in the rat heart. Moreover, pretreatment with TRLF and the ERK inhibitor further inhibited the mRNA overexpression of hypertrophic genes in vitro. TFLFs may protect against pathological cardiac hypertrophy via negative regulation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Thus, TFLFs are implicated as a potential pharmacological agent for treating cardiac hypertrophy in clinical practice. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenolic-Enriched Extracts of Smilax glabra.
- Author
-
Chuan-li Lu, Wei Zhu, Min Wang, Xiao-jie Xu, and Chuan-jian Lu
- Subjects
- *
SARSAPARILLA , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANIMAL experimentation , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *CELL culture , *COLORIMETRY , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *GAS chromatography , *MASS spectrometry , *MICE , *PHENOLS , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *IN vitro studies , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine. In the present study, phenolic-enriched extract of S. glabra (PEESG) was extracted with 70% ethanol and purified by HP-20 column chromatography. Its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities were evaluated by radical scavenging assay, reducing power determination, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced RAW264.7 cells assays, respectively. PEESG exhibited obviously scavenging capacity for DPPH and ABTS radicals, as well as significant reducing power for ferric ion. Particularly, PEESG (12.5-50 μg/mL) showed a significantly higher efficiency for scavenging ABTS than that of ascorbic acid and no significant difference with ascorbic acid for DPPH scavenging. PEESG also possessed a significant suppression effect on proinflammatory mediators production, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the main ingredients of PEESG were identified using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (U-HPLCESI- MS). Seventeen components, including 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, engetin and isoengeletin were identified. These findings strongly suggest the potential of PEESG as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Anti-proliferative effects of homeopathic medicines on human kidney, colon and breast cancer cells.
- Author
-
Arora, Shagun, Aggarwal, Ayushi, Singla, Priyanka, Jyoti, Saras, and Tandon, Simran
- Abstract
Objective: Homeopathy is controversial, due to the claims made for very high dilutions. Although several theories are proposed to understand the mechanisms of action, none are scientifically verified. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the selected homeopathic medicines in specific in vitro cancer models. Methods: We assessed the cytotoxic activity of selected homeopathic medicines in mother tincture (MT), and ultramolecular dilution (30C, 200C, 1M and 10M) against cell lines deriving from tumors of particular organs, Sarsaparilla (Sars) on ACHN cells (human renal adenocarcinoma), Ruta graveolens (Ruta) on COLO-205 (human colorectal carcinoma), and Phytolacca decandra (Phyto) on MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma). Sars was also tested against Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (a non-malignant cell line). Cytotoxicity was measured using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, anti-proliferative activity by trypan blue exclusion assay, apoptosis determined by dual staining the cells with ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) dyes. Results: MTs and ultra-diluted preparations of the three homeopathic medicines had highly significant effects in the respective cancer cell lines, producing cytotoxicity and a decrease in cell proliferation. The effects were greatest with the MTs, but in all cases and persisted, although to a lesser degree in the ultra-diluted molecular preparations. Sars showed no effect on MDCK cells. In the homeopathic medicine treated cultures, hallmarks of apoptosis were evident including, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary laboratory evidence indicating the ability of homeopathic medicines as anticancer agents. Further studies of the action of these homeopathic remedies are warranted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Seed ontogeny and endosperm chemical analysis in Smilax polyantha (Smilacaceae).
- Author
-
Martins, Aline Redondo, Carmello-Guerreiro, Sandra Maria, Buckeridge, Marcos Silveira, Silva, Clovis Oliveira, and Appezzato-da-Glória, Beatriz
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Effect of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy Benzoic Acid Isolated from Hemidesmus indicus on Erythrocyte Membrane Bound Enzymes and Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.
- Author
-
GAYATHRI, M. and KANNABIRAN, K.
- Subjects
- *
BENZOIC acid , *SARSAPARILLA , *ERYTHROCYTE membranes , *ENZYMES , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *STREPTOZOTOCIN , *PEOPLE with diabetes , *DRUG side effects , *LABORATORY rats - Abstract
In the present study, the effect of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid isolated from roots of Hemisdesmus indicus on the erythrocyte membrane bound enzymes and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (500 µg/kg/day) for 7 weeks by oral intubation and compared with glibenclamide, a standard hypoglycemic agent (100 mg/kg). The erythrocyte membrane was isolated and the activity of Na+/K+-dependent ATPases, Ca2+-ATPases, Mg2+-ATPases were determined. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, vitamins C, vitamin E, plasma reduced glutathione and erythrocyte glutathione, reduced glutathione content in the tissues was also assayed. Administration of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid to diabetic rats significantly (F>0.05 and P<0.001) elevated the activity of total ATPases, Na+/K+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase to near normal level. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in erythrocytes were decreased significantly (F>0.05; P<0.001) in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with 2-hydroxy- 4-methoxy benzoic acid showed a significant (F>0.05; <0.001) increase in the enzymic antioxidants in erythrocytes. The elevated levels of vitamin E and low level of vitamin C and glutathione level in plasma and erythrocytes were observed in diabetic rats when compared to control rats and were restored significantly (F>0.05; P<0.001) after the administration of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid. This study concludes administration of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid supports the restoration of antioxidant defence, reduces the free radial production, lipid peroxidation and the glycosylation of haemoglobin in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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41. Steroidal saponins from the roots of Smilax sp.: Structure and bioactivity
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Challinor, Victoria L., Parsons, Peter G., Chap, Sonet, White, Eve F., Blanchfield, Joanne T., Lehmann, Reginald P., and De Voss, James J.
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STEROID saponins , *SMILAX , *PLANT roots , *BIOACTIVE compounds , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *HERBS , *CELL lines - Abstract
Abstract: Phytochemical characterization of a commercial herb sample supplied as Smilax ornata Lem. (sarsaparilla) led to the isolation of five steroidal saponins, including two new furostanol saponins sarsaparilloside B (1) and sarsaparilloside C (2), whose structures were elucidated via a combination of multistage mass spectrometry (MS n ), 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and chemical degradation. The previously unreported spectroscopic characterization of sarsaparilloside (3), Δ20(22)-sarsaparilloside (4), and parillin (5) is also provided. The antiproliferative activity of the isolated saponins was compared in six human cell lines derived from different tumor types and one of the structures (2) was particularly active against the HT29 colon tumor cell line. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
- Full Text
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42. Anti-mycobacterial diynes from the Canadian medicinal plant Aralia nudicaulis
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Li, Haoxin, O’Neill, Taryn, Webster, Duncan, Johnson, John A., and Gray, Christopher A.
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MYCOBACTERIAL diseases , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BIOPHYSICS , *DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology , *MASS spectrometry , *RESEARCH methodology , *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *SARSAPARILLA , *PLANT extracts , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Aralia nudicaulis, or wild sarsaparilla, is used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of various illnesses by many of the Canadian First Nations. Iroquois and Algonquin First Nations of Eastern Canada use a tea prepared from dried Aralia nudicaulis rhizome as a cough medicine and for the treatment of tuberculosis. Previous investigations of aqueous extracts of Aralia nudicaulis rhizomes have shown it to possess antimycobacterial activity. Aim of the study: To isolate and identify antimycobacterial constituents from Aralia nudicaulis rhizomes. Materials and methods: Methanolic extracts of Aralia nudicaulis rhizomes were subjected to bioassay guided fractionation using the microplate resazurin assay (MRA) to assess inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra. The antimycobacterial constituents were identified by NMR, MS and polarimetry. Results: Two C17 polyacetylenes with significant antimycobacterial activity were isolated from the Aralia nudicaulis rhizome extract. The polyacetylenes were identified as (3R)-falcarinol and (3R, 9R, 10S)-panaxydol. Falcarinol and panaxydol displayed MICs of 25.6μM and 36.0μM and IC50s of 15.3μM and 23.5μM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Conclusions: Falcarinol and panaxydol were identified as the principal constituents responsible for the antimycobacterial activity of Aralia nudicaulis rhizomes validating an ethnopharmacological use of this plant by the Canadian First Nations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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43. Smilasides M and N, two new phenylpropanoid glycosides from Smilax riparia.
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Sun, Ting-Ting, Zhang, Dian-Wen, Han, Yan, Dong, Fang-Yan, and Wang, Wei
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GLYCOSIDES , *MOLECULAR structure , *RESEARCH funding , *PLANT roots , *SARSAPARILLA , *PLANT extracts - Abstract
Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, smilasides M and N, together with the known compound 2′,6′-diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose, were isolated and characterized from the roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia A. DC. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2′,6′-diacetyl-3-Z-feruloyl-6-feruloylsucrose (1) and 2′,6′-diacetyl-3-feruloyl-6-Z-feruloylsucrose (2) on the basis of extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
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44. Modulation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells) by a standardized herbal decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus roots and Smilax glabra rhizomes with anti- hepatocarcinogenic effects.
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BOTANIC medicine ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,APOPTOSIS ,BIOPHYSICS ,CALCIUM-binding proteins ,CELL culture ,CELL physiology ,CELLS ,DNA ,FLOW cytometry ,GENE expression ,HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,LEUCINE ,RESEARCH methodology ,PLANTS ,RESEARCH funding ,SARSAPARILLA ,SEEDS ,THIAZOLES ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,PLANT extracts ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: A standardized poly-herbal decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus roots and Smilax glabra rhizomes used traditionally in Sri Lanka for cancer therapy has been demonstrated previously, to have antihepatocarcinogenic potential. Cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and up regulation of p53 and p21 activities are considered to be some of the possible mechanisms through which the above decoction may mediate its anti-hepatocarcinogenic action. The main aim of the present study was to determine whether apoptosis is also a major mechanism by which the decoction mediates its anti-hepatocarcinogenic action. Methods: Evaluation of apoptosis in HepG2 cells was carried out by (a) microscopic observations of cell morphology, (b) DNA fragmentation analysis, (c) activities of caspase 3 and 9, as well as by (d) analysis of the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins associated with cell death. Results: The results demonstrated that in HepG2 cells, the decoction can induce (a) DNA fragmentation and (b) characteristic morphological changes associated with apoptosis (nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies). The decoction could also, in a time and dose dependent manner, up regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and down regulate expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene (as evident from RT-PCR analysis, immunohistochemistry and western blotting). Further, the decoction significantly (p < .001) enhanced the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in a time and dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Overall findings provide confirmatory evidence to demonstrate that the decoction may mediate its reported anti-hepatocarcinogenic effect, at least in part, through modulation of apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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45. New furostanol saponins from Smilax aspera L. and their in vitro cytotoxicity
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Ivanova, Antoaneta, Mikhova, Bozhanka, Batsalova, Tsvetelina, Dzhambazov, Balik, and Kostova, Ivanka
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ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BIOPHYSICS , *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry , *GAS chromatography , *MASS spectrometry , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICINAL plants , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *RESEARCH funding , *PLANT extracts , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Abstract: The occurrence of the two new cis-fused A/B rings furostanol saponins (25S)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and (25S)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-1β,2β,3β,5β,22α,26-hexaol and the known compounds (25S)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and (25S)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, trans-resveratrol, (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin in the rhizomes of Smilax aspera is reported. All saponins have been isolated as their 22-OMe derivatives, which were further subjected to extensive spectroscopic analysis. The isolated furostanol saponins were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human normal amniotic and human lung carcinoma cell lines using neutral red and MTT assays. In vitro experiments showed significant cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner with IC50 values in the range of 32.98–94.53 µM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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46. ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, ANTHOCYANINS, AND TOTAL PHENOLS OF WILD AND CULTIVATED BERRIES IN CHILE.
- Author
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C., Jaime Guerrero, P., Luigi Ciampi, C., Andrea Castilla, S., Fernando Medel, S., Heidi Schalchli, U., Emilio Hormazabal, T., Emma Bensch, and L., Miren Alberdi
- Subjects
- *
BERRIES , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *ANTHOCYANINS , *PHENOLS , *VACCINIUM , *SARSAPARILLA , *CHEMICAL composition of plants - Abstract
It is possible to incorporate a lot of natural antioxidants into the human organism by consuming berries which can prevent diseases generated by the action of free radicals. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and thus protect the organism from the oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Berries stand out as one of the richest sources of antioxidant phytonutrients among various fruits and vegetables. The objective of this research was to determine antioxidant capacity (AC), total anthocyanins (TA), and total phenols (TP) of wild and cultivated berries in different localities of La Araucanía and Los Ríos Regions in Chile. These parameters were analyzed by using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method, pH-differential, and Folin-Ciocalteu method. Percentages of DPPH discoloration of different berries studied were between 67.8% and 95.3% for red sarsaparilla and rosehip, respectively. Maqui berries showed a significantly higher TA content (2240.2 and 1445.3 mg L-1 cyanidin 3-glucoside) than other berries, and a mean for all berries of 335.5 mg L-1. Higher phenol content levels were obtained in two cultivars of saskatoon (773.9 and 1001.9 mg L-1 gallic acid) and wild rosehip (1457.0 and 1140.4 mg L-1 gallic acid). We conclude that there are significant differences in antioxidant capacity of wild and cultivated Chilean berries in this study which show a strong correlation between AC and TP content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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47. Cytotoxic polyphenols against breast tumor cell in Smilax china L.
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Wu, Li-Sheng, Wang, Xiao-Jing, Wang, Hong, Yang, Hai-Wei, Jia, Ai-Qun, and Ding, Qiang
- Subjects
- *
SARSAPARILLA , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BIOPHYSICS , *BREAST tumors , *RESEARCH methodology , *CHINESE medicine , *SPECTRUM analysis , *DRUG therapy , *THERAPEUTICS ,THERAPEUTIC use of plant extracts - Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Smilax china L., referred to ‘Ba Qia’ (or ‘Jin Gang Teng’) in China, is a small vine that grows in the southern parts of China. The roots and tubers of S. china L. have been applied not only as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of diuretic, rheumatic arthritic, detoxication, lumbago, gout, tumor, and inflammatory diseases, but also as food in some area of China. Aim of study: To investigate the breast tumor cell toxic components in S. china L. continuously and systematically. Materials and methods: Three fractions and six polyphenols were isolated from roots and tubers of S. china L. under bioassay-guided screenings. The structures of six compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparison with published data. Their breast tumor cytotoxicity and apoptosis of purified components were performed. Results: Six polyphenols were obtained on the basis of a bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate extract, and their breast tumor cytotoxic activities were tested. They showed anti-tumor activities against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with IC50 value of 2.1–38.9μg/mL, and can induce apoptosis for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Conclusions: Among these six polyphenols, five (1, 3–6) were reported for the 1st time with in vitro activities on anti-breast tumor cell. It is likely that these polyphenols are the active components of S. china L. responsible for the anti-breast tumor cell activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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48. Antioxidant activity in Australian native sarsaparilla (Smilax glyciphylla)
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Cox, Sean D., Jayasinghe, K. Chamila, and Markham, Julie L.
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PEROXIDATION , *LECITHIN , *OXIDATIVE stress , *LIPOSOMES - Abstract
Abstract: A hot water extract of the Australian native sarsaparilla Smilax glyciphylla Sm. (Smilaceae) inhibited peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes initiated by Fe2+/ascorbate (IC50, 10μg/mL) and AAPH (IC50, 33μg/mL) in vitro. It also inhibited deoxyribose degradation and quenched chemically generated superoxide anion (IC50, 50μg/mL). Reactivity towards ABTS (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulphonate) radical cation was equivalent to 48.4mM TROLOX, the water soluble α-tocopherol analogue. Smilax glyciphylla is a rich source of the dihydrochalcone glycyphyllin. Given the reported level of activity it is unlikely that glycyphyllin would provide direct antioxidant protection in tissues affected by oxidative stress. However, consuming Smilax glyciphylla as a tea may be sufficient to reduce oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract. It is also possible that glycyphyllin is metabolised and adsorbed as phloretin, a compound with known anticancer properties. These findings indicate that further studies of the chemopreventative properties of Smilax glyciphylla is warranted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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49. Acid hydrolysis of saponins extracted in tincture
- Author
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Casey R. Simons and Jamie Love
- Subjects
Sapogenins ,Science ,Materials Science ,Material Properties ,Saponin ,Secondary Metabolism ,Sapogenin ,Aqueous Solutions ,Plant Roots ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,Glycosides ,Colloids ,Materials ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Chloroform ,Chromatography ,Ethanol ,Organic Compounds ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Reactions ,Chemical Compounds ,Tincture ,Foams ,Sarsasapogenin ,Saponins ,Solutions ,Solubility ,Alcohols ,Mixtures ,Physical Sciences ,Smilax ,Sarsaparilla ,Medicine ,Emulsions ,Acid hydrolysis ,Acids ,Research Article - Abstract
BackgroundSaponins are secondary metabolites from plants added to shampoos and beverages to make them foam, and the sapogenins released from them upon acid hydrolysis are commonly used as starting materials for steroidal drugs. However, current methods embed the saponin in a thick “gum” material consisting of multiple impurities. This gum limits access to the saponin, reducing the efficiency of hydrolysis and requiring large amounts of heat, organic solvents and effort to recover the sapogenin. For centuries, herbalists have been making tinctures by soaking plant materials at room temperature, in mixtures of alcohol and water. Many herbal tinctures contain saponins floating freely in solution, gum free. The saponin from sarsaparilla (Smilaxspp), sarsasaponin, yields the sapogenin, sarsasapogenin, upon acid hydrolysis. The retail price of sarsasapogenin is very high but would be lower if the “gum problem” could be avoided.Materials and methodsWe incubated sarsaparilla tincture under different conditions of temperature, acidity and duration then used quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) to measure the amount of sarsasapogenin produced by hydrolysis as well as the amount of its epimer, smilagenin.Results and discussionMost, if not all the sarsasaponin in sarsaparilla root powder is extracted into a solution of 45% ethanol (55% water) at room temperature and stays suspended without formation of any particles (gum). Acid hydrolysis of the saponin in this solution is very efficient, approaching 100%. The sarsasapogenin released by hydrolysis and the smilagenin produced by its epimerisation, migrate into the chloroform phase.ConclusionSarsaparilla saponin diffuses into and disperses in a solution of alcohol:water (45:55) at room temperature. Hydrolysis of saponins in tincture provides a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative.
- Published
- 2020
50. Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for the Medicinal Plant Smilax brasiliensis (Smilacaceae) and Related Species
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Aline R. Martins, Aluana G. Abreu, Miklos M. Bajay, Priscilla M. S. Villela, Carlos E. A. Batista, Mariza Monteiro, Alessandro Alves-Pereira, Glyn M. Figueira, José B. Pinheiro, Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Glória, and Maria I. Zucchi
- Subjects
medicinal plant ,microsatellites ,sarsaparilla ,Smilax ,transferability ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Premise of the study: A new set of microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for Smilax brasiliensis, which is popularly known as sarsaparilla and used in folk medicine as a tonic, antirheumatic, and antisyphilitic. Smilax brasiliensis is sold in Brazilian pharmacies, and its origin and effectiveness are not subject to quality control. Methods and Results: Using a protocol for genomic library enrichment, primer pairs were developed for 26 microsatellite loci and validated in 17 accessions of S. brasiliensis. Thirteen loci were polymorphic and four were monomorphic. The primers successfully amplified alleles in the congeners S. campestris, S. cissoides, S. fluminensis, S . goyazana, S. polyantha, S. quinquenervia, S. rufescens, S. subsessiliflora, and S. syphilitica. Conclusions: The new SSR markers described herein are informative tools for genetic diversity and gene flow studies in S. brasiliensis and several congeners.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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