74 results on '"Rösch, M"'
Search Results
2. Overview of the CLOUDLAB project: Studying microphysical ice processes by seeding supercooled stratus clouds with a UAV
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Henneberger, J., Ramelli, F., Spirig, R., Fuchs, C., Hervo, M., Miller, A., Ohneiser, K., Omanovic, N., Rösch, M., Seifert, P., Zhang, H., and Lohmann, U.
- Abstract
Ice formation and growth play a critical role in the initiation of precipitation. However, fundamental knowledge gaps in microphysical processes exist, for example, in the efficiency of diffusional growth of ice crystals, which leads to uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate projections. The CLOUDLAB project aims to bridge this gap by using supercooled stratus clouds as a natural laboratory for glaciogenic cloud seeding experiments. Ice nucleating particles (particles containing mainly silver iodide) are dispersed into these clouds via an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV), triggering ice crystal formation and growth. The use of a UAV for seeding in conjunction with the persistent nature of stratus clouds enables repeated seeding experiments under similar and well-constrained initial conditions.So far, 50 seeding experiments with seeding temperatures between -10°C and -3°C were conducted in clouds over the Swiss plateau. The seeding-induced microphysical changes were monitored using in-situ and ground-based remote sensing equipment positioned 3-15 minutes downstream of the seeding location. The seeding plume had an extent of multiple hundreds of metres and was detected by increased reflectivity in the vertically pointing and scanning cloud radars (additional instrumentation was provided by TROPOS in the frame of the accompanying PolarCAP project). Simultaneously, high concentrations of small ice crystals were detected with a holographic imager mounted on a tethered balloon. The findings are contextualized with simulations using the numerical weather model (ICON). 
- Published
- 2023
3. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe [Preprint]
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Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., 1, Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bialystok, Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Universität Leipzig, ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study [Uppsala], Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of biology, georgetown University, Washington DC, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Viscum Pollenanalys & Miljöhistoria, Nässjö, Sweden, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Wessex Archaeology [Salisbury], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Palaeobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Latvia (LU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Cologne, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain., Centre for Theoretical Studies, Charles University, Czechia (CTS), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, USA, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, European Project: 263735,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,TEC(2010), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany, Faculty of History and International Relations, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Department of Earth Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Salisbury, UK, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Institute of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republi, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia., Department of Quaternary Research, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Lund University [Lund], Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia., Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], IFP Energies Nouvelles, Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies Division, Rueil-Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., 3 Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Institute of History, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (Dafne), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISEM, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Anthropocene Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, CNRS, HNHP UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland., Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pre- and Early History and West Asian Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], López Sáez, José Antonio, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
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Land-use changes ,Ecology ,black death pandemic ,Humaniora: 000::Arkeologi: 090 [VDP] ,palaeoecological data ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,paleoecology ,palynology, big data, paleoecology ,Europe ,big data ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,palynology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.So.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.So.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.)., The Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics., Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group, Estonian Research Council PRG323 PUT1173, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission FP7 263735 MSC 655659, Georgetown Environmental Initiative, Latvian Ministry of Education and Science LZP-2020/2-0060 LLNL-JRNL-820941, National Science Foundation (NSF) GSS-1228126, Polish-Swiss Research Programme 013/2010 086/2010, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N306 275635, Polish National Science Centre 2019/03/X/ST10/00849 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 2015/17/B/ST10/03430 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 N N304 319636, SCIEX 12.286, Spanish Government REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P FPU16/00676, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 421-2010-1570 2018-01272, Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly, Spanish Government RTI2018-101714-B-I00, OP RDE, MEYS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728
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- 2022
4. Development of Specific Technologies and Assembly Systems for the New Challenge of Electro-Optical Devices
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Feldmann, K., Craiovan, D., and Roesch, M.
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- 2007
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5. Optimum splitting ratio for amplifier noise reduction by an asymmetric nonlinear optical loop mirror
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Meissner, M., Rösch, M., Schmauss, B., and Leuchs, G.
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- 2005
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6. Photoelectron spectroscopy on silver electrodes on yttria stabilized zirconia under applied potential
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Rösch, M. and Reinhardt, G.
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- 2001
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7. Capacitance Spectroscopy of Defects in a-SI:H/c-SI Heterostructures
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Rösch, M., Unold, T., Pointmayer, R., and Bauer, G. H.
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- 1999
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8. Release of soluble CD14 in traumatized patients
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Rösch, M., Helm, M., Strecker, W., Bock, K.-H., Kinzl, L., Brückner, U. B., and Gebhard, F.
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- 1997
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9. Photoluminescence studies of a-Si:H/c-Si-heterojunction solar cells
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Tardon, S., Rösch, M., Brüggemann, R., Unold, T., and Bauer, G.H.
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- 2004
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10. Application of SC-Simul for Numerical Modeling of the Opto-Electronic Properties of Heterojunction Diodes
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Brüggemann, R., Rösch, M., Tardon, S., and Bauer, G.H.
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- 2004
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11. Intercomparing different devices for the investigation of ice nucleating particles using Snomax® as test substance
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Wex, H., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Boose, Y., Budke, Carsten, Curtius, J., Diehl, K., Dreyer, Axel, Frank, F., Hartmann, S., Hiranuma, N., Jantsch, Evelyn, Kanji, Z. A., Kiselev, A., Koop, Thomas, Möhler, O., Niedermeier, D., Nillius, B., Rösch, M., Rose, D., Schmidt, C., Steinke, I., and Stratmann, F.
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lcsh:Chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:Physics ,lcsh:QC1-999 - Abstract
Seven different instruments and measurement methods were used to examine the immersion freezing of bacterial ice nuclei from Snomax® (hereafter Snomax), a product containing ice-active protein complexes from non-viable Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. The experimental conditions were kept as similar as possible for the different measurements. Of the participating instruments, some examined droplets which had been made from suspensions directly, and the others examined droplets activated on previously generated Snomax particles, with particle diameters of mostly a few hundred nanometers and up to a few micrometers in some cases. Data were obtained in the temperature range from −2 to −38 °C, and it was found that all ice-active protein complexes were already activated above −12 °C. Droplets with different Snomax mass concentrations covering 10 orders of magnitude were examined. Some instruments had very short ice nucleation times down to below 1 s, while others had comparably slow cooling rates around 1 K min−1. Displaying data from the different instruments in terms of numbers of ice-active protein complexes per dry mass of Snomax, nm, showed that within their uncertainty, the data agree well with each other as well as to previously reported literature results. Two parameterizations were taken from literature for a direct comparison to our results, and these were a time-dependent approach based on a contact angle distribution (Niedermeier et al., 2014) and a modification of the parameterization presented in Hartmann et al. (2013) representing a time-independent approach. The agreement between these and the measured data were good; i.e., they agreed within a temperature range of 0.6 K or equivalently a range in nm of a factor of 2. From the results presented herein, we propose that Snomax, at least when carefully shared and prepared, is a suitable material to test and compare different instruments for their accuracy of measuring immersion freezing.
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- 2015
12. Functional treatment of physeal and periphyseal injuries of the metacarpal and proximal phalangeal bones
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Ebinger, T., Roesch, M., Wachter, N., Kinzl, L., and Mentzel, M.
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- 2001
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13. Apparent quantum efficiencies greater than unity from lateral photocurrents
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Brüggemann, R., Rösch, M., and Meyer, J.
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- 1999
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14. USEWOD-PROFILES 2015 - Joint Proceedings of USEWOD and PROFILES 2015
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Berendt, B., Drăgan, L., Hollink, Laura, Luczak-Rösch, M., Demidova, E., Dietze, Sefan, Szymanski, J., Breslin, J., and Database Architectures
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usage analysis ,Linked data - Published
- 2015
15. Archaeobotanical evidence of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Europe on the axis of South-North gradient. Preliminary information about Papaver Centre research project
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Bbeneš, J., Karg, S., Kodýdková, K, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Bosi, Giovanna, Pokorná, A., Preusz, M., Rösch, M., Fischer, E., and And, Collaborators
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Europe ,Ficus, Archaeobotany, Europe ,Archaeobotany ,Ficus - Published
- 2015
16. Dual isotope carotid scintigraphy in patients with amaurosis fugax attacks
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Kessler, Ch., Reuther, R., and Rösch, M.
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- 1984
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17. Grating-coupler excited interface phonos in GaAs/AlAs superlattices
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Milekhin, A.G., Rösch, M., Batke, E., Köhler, K., Ganser, P., and Publica
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quantum wells ,III-V Halbleiter ,optical measurement ,Quantenfilm ,optische Messung ,III-V semiconductor - Abstract
The optical phonon modes of short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattices were investigated by means of far-infrared reflection spectroscopy using the grating coupler technique. Grating couplers provide a wavevector transfer parallel to the layers, enabling 0 us to study the in-plane dispersion of the phonon modes in the superlattice structure. The fundamental longitudinal and transverse confined phonons of GaAs and AlAs were detected, For an increasing in-plane wavevector transfer the superlattice phonon modes show dispersion due to interface effects.
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- 1999
18. Characterization of lateral semiconductor nano structures by means of x-ray grazing-incidence diffraction
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Paschke, K., Geue, Thomas, Barberka, Thomas Andreas, Bolm, A., Pietsch, Ullrich, Rösch, M., Batke, Edwin, Faller, F., Kerkel, K., Oshiniwo, J., and Forchel, Alfred
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Institut für Physik und Astronomie - Published
- 1997
19. Resonant Raman scattering in a zero-gap semiconductor: Interference effects and deformation potentials at the E\(_1\) and E\(_1\) + \(\Delta_1\) gaps of HgTe
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Rösch, M., Atzmüller, R., Schaack, G., and Becker, Charles R.
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ddc:530 - Abstract
No abstract available
- Published
- 1994
20. Spectral gain profile of a multi-stack terahertz quantum cascade laser.
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Bachmann, D., Rösch, M., Deutsch, C., Krall, M., Scalari, G., Beck, M., Faist, J., Unterrainer, K., and Darmo, J.
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QUANTUM cascade lasers , *SPECTROMETRY , *BANDWIDTHS , *QUANTUM well lasers , *SEMICONDUCTOR lasers - Abstract
The spectral gain of a multi-stack terahertz quantum cascade laser, composed of three active regions with emission frequencies centered at 2.3, 2.7, and 3.0 THz, is studied as a function of driving current and temperature using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The optical gain associated with the particular quantum cascade stacks clamps at different driving currents and saturates to different values. We attribute these observations to varying pumping efficiencies of the respective upper laser states and to frequency dependent optical losses. The multi-stack active region exhibits a spectral gain full width at half-maximum of 1.1 THz. Bandwidth and spectral position of the measured gain match with the broadband laser emission. As the laser action ceases with increasing operating temperature, the gain at the dominant lasing frequency of 2.65 THz degrades sharply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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21. Application of SC-Simul for Numerical Modeling of the Opto-Electronic Properties of Heterojunction Diodes.
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Brüggemann, R., Rösch, M., Tardon, S., and Bauer, G.H.
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- 2005
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22. Kaolinite particles as ice nuclei: learning from the use of different kaolinite samples and different coatings.
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Wex, H., DeMott, P. J., Tobo, Y., Hartmann, S., Rösch, M., Clauss, T., Tomsche, L., Niedermeier, D., and Stratmann, F.
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KAOLINITE ,ICE nuclei ,CLOUDS ,ATMOSPHERIC nucleation ,THICKNESS measurement - Abstract
Kaolinite particles from two different sources (Fluka and Clay Minerals Society (CMS)) were examined with respect to their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN). This was done in the water-subsaturated regime where often deposition ice nucleation is assumed to occur, and for watersupersaturated conditions, i.e., in the immersion freezing mode. Measurements were done using a flow tube (the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator, LACIS) and a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFDC). Pure and coated particles were used, with coating thicknesses of a few nanometers or less, where the coating consisted of levoglucosan, succinic acid or sulfuric acid. In general, it was found that the coatings strongly reduced deposition ice nucleation. Remaining ice formation in the water-subsaturated regime could be attributed to immersion freezing, with particles immersed in concentrated solutions formed by the coatings. In the immersion freezing mode, ice nucleation rate coefficients jhet from both instruments agreed well with each other, particularly when the residence times in the instruments were accounted for. Fluka kaolinite particles coated with either levoglucosan or succinic acid showed the same IN activity as pure Fluka kaolinite particles; i.e., it can be assumed that these two types of coating did not alter the ice-active surface chemically, and that the coatings were diluted enough in the droplets that were formed prior to the ice nucleation, so that freezing point depression was negligible. However, Fluka kaolinite particles, which were either coated with pure sulfuric acid or were first coated with the acid and then exposed to additional water vapor, both showed a reduced ability to nucleate ice compared to the pure particles. For the CMS kaolinite particles, the ability to nucleate ice in the immersion freezing mode was similar for all examined particles, i.e., for the pure ones and the ones with the different types of coating. Moreover, jhet derived for the CMS kaolinite particles was comparable to jhet derived for Fluka kaolinite particles coated with sulfuric acid. This is suggestive for the Fluka kaolinite possessing a type of ice-nucleating surface feature which is not present on the CMS kaolinite, and which can be destroyed by reaction with sulfuric acid. This might be potassium feldspar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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23. Kaolinite particles as ice nuclei: learning from the use of different types of kaolinite and different coatings.
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Wex, H., DeMott, P. J., Tobo, Y., Hartmann, S., Rösch, M., Clauss, T., Tomsche, L., Niedermeier, D., and Stratmann, F.
- Abstract
Kaolinite particles from two different sources (Fluka and Clay Minerals Society (CMS)) were examined with respect to their ability to act as ice nuclei. This was done in the water subsaturated regime where often deposition ice nucleation is assumed to occur, and for water supersaturated conditions, i.e. in the immersion freezing mode. Measurements were done using a flow tube (LACIS) and a continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC). Pure and coated particles were used, with coating thicknesses of a few nanometer or less, where the coating consisted of either levoglucosan, succinic acid, or sulfuric acid. In general, it was found that the coatings strongly reduced deposition ice nucleation. Remaining ice formation in the water subsaturated regime could be attributed to immersion freezing, with particles immersed in concentrated solutions formed by the coatings. In the immersion freezing mode, ice nucleation rate coefficients, j
het , from both instruments agreed with each other when the residence times in the instruments were accounted for. Fluka kaolinite particles coated with either levoglucosan or succinic acid showed the same IN activity as pure Fluka kaolinite particles, i.e. it can be assumed that these two types of coating did not alter the ice active surface chemically, and that the coatings were diluted enough in the droplets that were formed prior to the ice nucleation, so that freezing point depression was negligible. However, Fluka kaolinite particles which were coated with either pure sulfuric acid or which were first coated with the acid and then exposed to additional water vapor both showed a reduced ability to nucleate ice, compared to the pure particles. For the CMS kaolinite particles, the ability to nucleate ice in the immersion freezing mode was similar for all examined particles, i.e. for the pure ones and the ones with the different types of coating. Moreover, jhet derived for the CMS kaolinite particles was comparable to jhet derived for kaolinite particles coated with sulfuric acid. This is suggestive for the Fluka kaolinite possessing a type of ice nucleating surface feature which is not present on the CMS kaolinite, and which can be destroyed by reaction with sulfuric acid, which might be potassium feldspar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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24. Experimental study and simulations on two different avalanche modes in trench power MOSFETs.
- Author
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Pawel, I., Siemieniec, R., Rösch, M., Hirler, F., and Herzer, R.
- Subjects
METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors ,SIMULATION methods & models ,ELECTRIC circuits ,ELECTRIC measurements ,ELECTRIC power ,METAL oxide semiconductors ,SYSTEMS engineering ,FORCE & energy ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
The avalanche behaviour of a new trench power MOSFET was investigated with the help of measurements and electro-thermal device simulation techniques. Two different destruction regimes were identified experimentally: energy-related destruction and current-related destruction. Possible simulation approaches to account for the different effects were proposed. The corresponding results agreed well with measurements. Furthermore, the simulations qualitatively predicted the experimental results' dependence of avalanche behaviour on design parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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25. Infrared and Raman studies of confined and interface optical phonons in short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattices with a grating coupler.
- Author
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Milekhin, A., Rösch, M., Batke, E., Zahn, D. R. T., Köhler, K., Ganser, P., Preobrazhenskii, V., and Semyagin, B.
- Published
- 1999
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26. Communication with Japanese.
- Author
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Rösch, M. and Segler, K. G.
- Subjects
BUSINESS communication ,JAPANESE people ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,CROSS-cultural communication ,INDUSTRIES ,EXECUTIVES - Abstract
It is a fact that Japan, considering its importance as the third largest market in the world, has until now been neglected by Western companies. This neglect originates more often than not in a basic lack of understanding of the specific peculiarities of the Japanese behavior. This lack of understanding seems, in its turn, to be the result of an informational shortage in regard to the Japanese civilization. This is the only possible explanation for the fact that both Europeans and Americans still speak of Japanese patterns of behavior as to appear occasionally irrational and as such difficult to predict. That fact alone clearly proves the importance of undertaking a sincere investigation of the essential aspects of Japanese sociocultural structures and relationships. Such an investigation will enable Western manager to develop a basic understanding of Japanese patterns of behavior. Cooperation with Japanese enterprises is often the most satisfactory policy towards truly successful marketing of products in that country. The main problems, however, in cooperating with Japanese firms will in most cases emerge from the sociocultural context as described above, especially in the event of direct and personal contacts between members of the two cultures.
- Published
- 1987
27. Clinical trials presented in the winter workshops: 15 minutes of fame…
- Author
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Domler, D., Roesch, M., Smith, E., and Adams, C.E.
- Published
- 2000
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28. Transient Study of a Closed Grinding Circuit
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Ragot, J., Roesch, M., Degoul, P., and Berube, Y.
- Published
- 1976
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29. Modeling and control in the mineral processing industries
- Author
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Roesch, M., Ragot, J., and Degoul, P.
- Published
- 1976
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30. Systemic release of nitric oxide following major trauma.
- Author
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Gebhard, F, Rösch, M, Pfetsch, H, Strecker, W, Nüssler, A, Kinzl, L, and Brückner, U B
- Published
- 1997
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31. Early macrophage stimulation following major injury.
- Author
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Gebhard, F, Rösch, M, Strecker, W, Helm, M, Bock, K H, Kinzl, L., and Brückner, U B
- Published
- 1997
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32. DOES SCD14 MEDIATE THE IL-8 RESPONSE AFTER MULTIPLE TRAUMA?
- Author
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Rösch, M, Gebhard, F, Wolf, C, Pfetsch, H, Strecker, W, Kinzl, L, and Brückner, U B
- Published
- 1997
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33. PLASMA LEVELS OF PROSTANOIDS FOLLOWING ELECTIVE OSTEOTOMY OR LONG BONE FRACTURE - A COMPARISON.
- Author
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Gebhard, F, Rösch, M, Strecker, W, Kinzl, L, and Brückner, Ub
- Published
- 1996
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34. Holocene biomass burning and global dynamics of the carbon cycle
- Author
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Carcaillet, C., Almquist, H., Asnong, H., Bradshaw, R.H.W., Carrión, J.S., Gaillard, M.-J., Gajewski, K., Haas, J.N., Haberle, S.G., Hadorn, P., Müller, S.D., Richard, P.J.H., Richoz, I., Rösch, M., Sánchez Goñi, M.F., von Stedingk, H., Stevenson, A.C., Talon, B., Tardy, C., and Tinner, W.
- Subjects
- *
HOLOCENE stratigraphic geology , *BIOMASS - Abstract
Fire regimes have changed during the Holocene due to changes in climate, vegetation, and in human practices. Here, we hypothesise that changes in fire regime may have affected the global CO2 concentration in the atmosphere through the Holocene. Our data are based on quantitative reconstructions of biomass burning deduced from stratified charcoal records from Europe, and South-, Central- and North America, and Oceania to test the fire-carbon release hypothesis. In Europe the significant increase of fire activity is dated
≈ 6000 cal. yr ago. In north-eastern North America burning activity was greatest before 7500 years ago, very low between 7500–3000 years, and has been increasing since 3000 years ago. In tropical America, the pattern is more complex and apparently latitudinally zonal. Maximum burning occurred in the southern Amazon basin and in Central America during the middle Holocene, and during the last 2000 years in the northern Amazon basin. In Oceania, biomass burning has decreased since a maximum 5000 years ago. Biomass burning has broadly increased in the Northern and Southern hemispheres throughout the second half of the Holocene associated with changes in climate and human practices. Global fire indices parallel the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration recorded in Antarctic ice cores. Future issues on carbon dynamics relatively to biomass burning are discussed to improve the quantitative reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2002
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35. CD8 + T Cells Drive Plaque Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation in Experimental Atherosclerosis.
- Author
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Schäfer S, Gogiraju R, Rösch M, Kerstan Y, Beck L, Garbisch J, Saliba AE, Gisterå A, Hermanns HM, Boon L, Kastenmüller W, Schäfer K, Cochain C, and Zernecke A
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Cells, Cultured, Male, Receptors, LDL genetics, Receptors, LDL deficiency, Phenotype, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit genetics, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit metabolism, Aorta pathology, Aorta immunology, Aorta metabolism, Coculture Techniques, Aortic Diseases pathology, Aortic Diseases genetics, Aortic Diseases immunology, Aortic Diseases metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle pathology, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle metabolism, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle immunology, Cell Dedifferentiation, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Disease Models, Animal, Atherosclerosis pathology, Atherosclerosis metabolism, Atherosclerosis genetics, Atherosclerosis immunology, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular pathology, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular metabolism, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular immunology
- Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is driven by the infiltration of the arterial intima by diverse immune cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). CD8
+ T cells promote lesion growth during atherosclerotic lesion development, but their role in advanced atherosclerosis is less clear. Here, we studied the role of CD8+ T cells and their effects on SMCs in established atherosclerosis., Methods: CD8+ T cells were depleted in (SMC reporter) low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient ( Ldlr-/- ) mice with established atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerotic lesion formation was examined, and single-cell RNA sequencing of aortic SMCs and their progeny was performed. Additionally, coculture experiments with primary aortic SMCs and CD8+ T cells were conducted., Results: Although we could not detect differences in atherosclerotic lesion size, an increased plaque SMC content was noted in mice after CD8+ T-cell depletion. Single-cell RNA sequencing of aortic lineage-traced SMCs revealed contractile SMCs and a modulated SMC cluster, expressing macrophage- and osteoblast-related genes. CD8+ T-cell depletion was associated with an increased contractile but decreased macrophage and osteoblast-like gene signature in this modulated aortic SMC cluster. Conversely, exposure of isolated aortic SMCs to activated CD8+ T cells decreased the expression of genes indicative of a contractile SMC phenotype and induced a macrophage and osteoblast-like cell state. Notably, CD8+ T cells triggered calcium deposits in SMCs under osteogenic conditions. Mechanistically, we identified transcription factors highly expressed in modulated SMCs, including Runx1 , to be induced by CD8+ T cells in cultured SMCs in an IFNγ (interferon-γ)-dependent manner., Conclusions: We here uncovered CD8+ T cells to control the SMC phenotype in atherosclerosis. CD8+ T cells promote SMC dedifferentiation and drive SMCs to adopt features of macrophage-like and osteoblast-like, procalcifying cell phenotypes. Given the critical role of SMCs in atherosclerotic plaque stability, CD8+ T cells could thus be explored as therapeutic target cells during lesion progression., Competing Interests: None.- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
36. On Tautomerism and Amphoterism: An In-Depth Structural and Physicochemical Characterization of Ammeline and Some of Its Salts.
- Author
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Koller TJ, Endraß SMJ, Rösch M, Witthaut K, Klapötke TM, and Schnick W
- Abstract
Ammeline is a simple, readily available, molecular compound, which has been known for nearly 200 years. Despite that, no proper structural characterization of ammeline has been conducted so far. For this reason, the prevalent tautomeric form of ammeline in the solid remained unknown to this date. In the course of this study, its crystal structure was finally established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In this structure, ammeline is exclusively found as its 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one tautomer and adopts layered structure with an exceptionally high hydrogen bond density. Ammeline shows an interesting amphoteric behavior. Therefore, the synthesis and structural characterization of some of its salts were carried out to investigate the influence of the protonation degree on its molecular structure. In particular, the crystal structure of silver ammelinate monohydrate was solved as the first reported structure containing deprotonated ammeline. Moreover, the crystal structures of three different modifications of ammelinium perchlorate were elucidated and the transformation conditions between them were studied. Lastly, the crystal structure of ammelinediium diperchlorate monohydrate, containing unprecedented doubly protonated ammeline, was determined. The products' thermal behavior was studied by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The perchlorate salts were additionally examined for their potential as insensitive high-energy-density materials., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
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37. Auto/Paracrine C-Type Natriuretic Peptide/Cyclic GMP Signaling Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction.
- Author
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Werner F, Naruke T, Sülzenbrück L, Schäfer S, Rösch M, Völker K, Krebes L, Abeßer M, Möllmann D, Baba HA, Schweda F, Zernecke A, and Kuhn M
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Male, Female, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Endothelium, Vascular pathology, Atherosclerosis metabolism, Atherosclerosis genetics, Atherosclerosis pathology, Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor metabolism, Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor genetics, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Receptors, LDL metabolism, Receptors, LDL genetics, Paracrine Communication, Hypertension metabolism, Hypertension genetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Aorta metabolism, Aorta pathology, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type metabolism, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type genetics, Cyclic GMP metabolism, Mice, Knockout, Signal Transduction
- Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is cause and consequence of cardiovascular diseases. The endothelial hormone C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) regulates vascular tone and the vascular barrier. Its cGMP-synthesizing guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B) receptor is expressed in endothelial cells themselves. To characterize the role of endothelial CNP/cGMP signaling, we studied mice with endothelial-selective GC-B deletion. Endothelial EC GC-B KO mice had thicker, stiffer aortae and isolated systolic hypertension. This was associated with increased proinflammatory E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability. Atherosclerosis susceptibility was evaluated in such KO and control littermates on Ldlr (low-density lipoprotein receptor)-deficient background fed a Western diet for 10 weeks. Notably, the plaque areas and heights within the aortic roots were markedly increased in the double EC GC-B/ Ldlr KO mice. This was accompanied by enhanced macrophage infiltration and greater necrotic cores, indicating unstable plaques. Finally, we found that EC GC-B KO mice had diminished vascular regeneration after critical hind-limb ischemia. Remarkably, all these genotype-dependent changes were only observed in female and not in male mice. Auto/paracrine endothelial CNP/GC-B/cGMP signaling protects from arterial stiffness, systolic hypertension, and atherosclerosis and improves reparative angiogenesis. Interestingly, our data indicate a sex disparity in the connection of diminished CNP/GC-B activity to endothelial dysfunction.
- Published
- 2024
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38. Legacy of last millennium timber use on plant cover in Central Europe: Insights from tree rings and pollen.
- Author
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Antoine E, Marquer L, Muigg B, Tegel W, Bisson U, Bolliger M, Herzig F, Heussner KU, Hofmann J, Kontic R, Kyncl T, Land A, Lechterbeck J, Leuschner HH, Linderholm HW, Neyses-Eiden M, Rösch M, Rzepecki A, Walder F, Weidemüller J, Westphal T, and Seim A
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Europe, Wood, Pollen, Forestry, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests, Pinus
- Abstract
Throughout history, humans have relied on wood for constructions, tool production or as an energy source. How and to what extent these human activities have impacted plant abundance and composition over a long-term perspective is, however, not well known. To address this knowledge gap, we combined 44,239 precisely dated tree-ring samples from economically and ecologically important tree species (spruce, fir, pine, oak) from historical buildings, and pollen-based plant cover estimates using the REVEALS model from 169 records for a total of 34 1° × 1° grid cells for Central Europe. Building activity and REVEALS estimates were compared for the entire study region (4-15°E, 46-51°N), and for low (<500 m asl) and mid/high elevations (≥500 m asl) in 100-year time windows over the period 1150-1850. Spruce and oak were more widely used in wooden constructions, amounting to 35 % and 32 %, respectively, compared to pine and fir. Besides wood properties and species abundance, tree diameters of harvested individuals, being similar for all four species, were found to be the most crucial criterion for timber selection throughout the last millennium. Regarding land use changes, from the 1150-1250's onwards, forest cover generally decreased due to deforestation until 1850, especially at lower elevations, resulting in a more heterogeneous landscape. The period 1650-1750 marks a distinct change in the environmental history of Central Europe; increasing agriculture and intense forest management practices were introduced to meet the high demands of an increasing population and intensifying industrialization, causing a decrease in palynological diversity, especially at low elevations. Likely the characteristic vegetation structure and composition of contemporary landscapes originated from that period. We further show that land use has impacted vegetation composition and diversity at an increasing speed leading to a general homogenization of landscapes through time, highlighting the limited environmental benefits of even-aged plantation forestry., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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39. Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Intracranial Metastasis of a Salivary Duct Carcinoma: Case Report.
- Author
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Rösch M, Bieg C, Savic S, and Buess M
- Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare subtype of salivary cancers associated with androgen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. It shows a high propensity to give rise to distant metastases mainly to the lung, the bone, and the liver. Intracranial metastases are rare. We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient with SDC developing intracranial metastases. Unresponsive to radiotherapy and anti-HER/neu targeted therapy the intracranial metastases showed a very good partial remission to androgen deprivation therapy with goserelin acetate. This case demonstrates the potential of a highly targeted therapy with a relatively cheap and well-known drug in a patient with a rare disease without other good therapeutic options, which is a good example of modern, personalized medicine., Competing Interests: The authors declare to have no conflict of interest related to this work., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2023
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40. The Adjustability of Physicochemical Properties: Comparison of 1-Vinyl-5 H -tetrazole and 1-Allyl-5 H -tetrazole as Ligands in 3d Metal Energetic Coordination Compounds .
- Author
-
Rösch M, Gruhne MS, Lommel M, Endraß SMJ, and Stierstorfer J
- Abstract
Energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) show promising properties to be used as potential substitutes for highly toxic lead-containing primary explosives. The concept is to combine the three building blocks: (i) ligand, (ii) transition metal, and (iii) anion, acting as (i) fuel, (ii) matrix, and (iii) oxidizer (e.g., ClO
4 - , NO3 - , ClO3 - ) or energetic component (e.g., DN- , N3 - , picrate, styphnate, trinitrophloroglucinate). By variation of the ligands, the complexes' properties can be adjusted toward their desired performance and sensitivities. In the present study, 1-vinyl-5 H -tetrazole (1-VTZ, 1 ) and 1-allyl-5 H -tetrazole (1-ATZ, 2 ) were used as nitrogen-rich endothermic ligands to form 3d metal (Mn2+ , Fe2+ , Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Co2+ , Ni2+ )-based ECCs. The influence of the introduction of an unsaturated C-C bond (1-ETZ vs 1-VTZ and 1-PTZ vs 1-ATZ) on the performance and sensitivity of the complexes is discussed, as is the lengthening of the alkenyl chain (1-VTZ vs 1-ATZ). For further insights, the novel complexes were compared to literature-known complexes based on N 1-substituted C2- and C3-derived tetrazole ligands, respectively. The ligand 1-VTZ ( 1 ) was prepared by elimination of hydrogen chloride from 1-(2-chloroethyl)-5 H -tetrazole in methanolic KOH solution. 1-ATZ ( 2 ) was obtained by a heterocyclization reaction of allylamine with triethyl orthoformate and sodium azide in an acetic acid medium. All compounds were intensively characterized with analytical methods such as XRD, IR, EA, DTA, TGA, and sensitivity measurements (IS and FS). The energetic performances were visibly evaluated in fast heating experiments. Furthermore, PETN initiation and laser ignition experiments were carried out for promising ECCs.- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
41. Predictors of somatic symptom persistence in patients with chronic kidney disease (SOMA.CK): study protocol for a mixed-methods cohort study.
- Author
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Shedden-Mora MC, Jessen B, Schmidt-Lauber C, Löwe B, Rösch M, Dannemeyer H, Gloy J, Van den Bergh O, and Huber TB
- Subjects
- Humans, Cohort Studies, Quality of Life psychology, Qualitative Research, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications
- Abstract
Introduction: Seven of 10 patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience burdensome persistent somatic symptoms (PSS). Despite the high prevalence and relevance for quality of life, disease progression and mortality, the pathogenesis of PSS in CKD remains poorly understood. The SOMA.CK study aims to investigate biopsychosocial predictors and their interactions for PSS in non-dialysis CKD and to develop a multivariate prognostic prediction model for PSS in CKD., Methods and Analysis: The study is a mixed-methods cohort study with assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months. It aims to include 330 patients with CKD stages G2-4 (eGFR=15-89 mL/min/1.73 m
2 ). Primary outcome is the CKD-specific somatic symptom burden assessed with the CKD Symptom Burden Index. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, general somatic symptom burden and functioning. The interplay of biomedical (eg, biomarkers, epigenetics), treatment-related (eg, therapies and medication) and psychosocial variables (eg, negative affectivity, expectations) will be investigated to develop a prognostic prediction model for PSS. In an embedded mixed-methods approach, an experimental study in 100 patients using an affective picture paradigm will test the effect of negative affect induction on symptom perception. An embedded longitudinal qualitative study in 40-50 newly diagnosed patients will use thematic analysis to explore mechanisms of symptom development after receiving a CKD diagnosis. SOMA.CK is part of the interdisciplinary research unit 'Persistent SOMAtic Symptoms ACROSS Diseases'., Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hamburg Medical Association (2020-10195-BO-ff). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, scientific conferences, the involvement of our patient advisory board and the lay public. Focusing on subjective symptom burden instead of objective disease markers will fundamentally broaden the understanding of PSS in CKD and pave the path for the development of mechanism-based tailored interventions., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN16137374., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)- Published
- 2022
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42. Interleukin-23 receptor expressing γδ T cells locally promote early atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque necrosis in mice.
- Author
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Gil-Pulido J, Amézaga N, Jorgacevic I, Manthey HD, Rösch M, Brand T, Cidlinsky P, Schäfer S, Beilhack A, Saliba AE, Lorenz K, Boon L, Prinz I, Waisman A, Korn T, Cochain C, and Zernecke A
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Necrosis metabolism, Receptors, LDL, Th17 Cells, Atherosclerosis metabolism, Plaque, Atherosclerotic metabolism, Receptors, Interleukin genetics
- Abstract
Aims: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall controlled by local and systemic immune responses. The role of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), expressed in adaptive immune cells (mainly T-helper 17 cells) and γδ T cells, in atherosclerosis is only incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the vascular cell types expressing IL-23R and addressed the function of IL-23R and γδ T cells in atherosclerosis., Methods and Results: IL-23R+ cells were frequently found in the aortic root in contrast to the aorta in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient IL-23R reporter mice (Ldlr-/-Il23rgfp/+), and mostly identified as γδ T cells that express IL-17 and GM-CSF. scRNA-seq confirmed γδ T cells as the main cell type expressing Il23r and Il17a in the aorta. Ldlr-/-Il23rgfp/gfp mice deficient in IL-23R showed a loss of IL-23R+ cells in the vasculature, and had reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aortic root compared to Ldlr-/- controls after 6 weeks of high-fat diet feeding. In contrast, Ldlr-/-Tcrδ-/- mice lacking all γδ T cells displayed unaltered early atherosclerotic lesion formation compared to Ldlr-/- mice. In both HFD-fed Ldlr-/-Il23rgfp/gfp and Ldlr-/-Tcrδ-/- mice a reduction in the plaque necrotic core area was noted as well as an expansion of splenic regulatory T cells. In vitro, exposure of bone marrow-derived macrophages to both IL-17A and GM-CSF induced cell necrosis, and necroptotic RIP3K and MLKL expression, as well as inflammatory mediators., Conclusions: IL-23R+ γδ T cells are predominantly found in the aortic root rather than the aorta and promote early atherosclerotic lesion formation, plaque necrosis, and inflammation at this site. Targeting IL-23R may thus be explored as a therapeutic approach to mitigate atherosclerotic lesion development., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: none declared., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
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43. Nitratoethyl-5H-tetrazoles: improving the oxygen balance through application of organic nitrates in energetic coordination compounds.
- Author
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Gruhne MS, Lenz T, Rösch M, Lommel M, Wurzenberger MHH, Klapötke TM, and Stierstorfer J
- Abstract
1- and 2-Nitratoethyl-5H-tetrazole (1-NET and 2-NET) were prepared through nitration of the respective alkyl alcohol using 100% nitric acid. A mixture of 1- and 2-hydroxyethyl-5H-tetrazole was obtained after alkylation of 1,5H-tetrazole. Also, a one-pot synthesis of 1-hydroxyethyl-5H-tetrazole was developed enabling the selective preparation of 1-NET. Both organic nitrates were characterized by
1 H,13 C, and1 H-15 N HMBC NMR spectroscopy. In addition, calculations using the Hirshfeld method and the EXPLO5 code were performed. Principally, 20 energetic coordination compounds involving the d-metals Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ag, each structurally characterized by low temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction, were prepared based on 1-NET and 2-NET. Of these complexes, 18 were obtained as pure bulk materials, and therefore, characterized for impact, friction, and ball drop impact sensitivity, as well as electrostatic discharge and thermal stability using differential thermal analysis. Hot plate and hot needle tests were performed mostly showing strong deflagrations making the complexes candidates for green combustion catalysts. Furthermore, successful PETN initiation experiments were carried out for several complexes and all ECCs were investigated by laser ignition experiments.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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44. A biogenic secondary organic aerosol source of cirrus ice nucleating particles.
- Author
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Wolf MJ, Zhang Y, Zawadowicz MA, Goodell M, Froyd K, Freney E, Sellegri K, Rösch M, Cui T, Winter M, Lacher L, Axisa D, DeMott PJ, Levin EJT, Gute E, Abbatt J, Koss A, Kroll JH, Surratt JD, and Cziczo DJ
- Subjects
- Climate, Aerosols chemistry, Atmosphere chemistry, Butadienes analysis, Hemiterpenes analysis, Ice analysis
- Abstract
Atmospheric ice nucleating particles (INPs) influence global climate by altering cloud formation, lifetime, and precipitation efficiency. The role of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) material as a source of INPs in the ambient atmosphere has not been well defined. Here, we demonstrate the potential for biogenic SOA to activate as depositional INPs in the upper troposphere by combining field measurements with laboratory experiments. Ambient INPs were measured in a remote mountaintop location at -46 °C and an ice supersaturation of 30% with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 70 L
-1 . Concentrations of depositional INPs were positively correlated with the mass fractions and loadings of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols. Compositional analysis of ice residuals showed that ambient particles with isoprene-derived SOA material can act as depositional ice nuclei. Laboratory experiments further demonstrated the ability of isoprene-derived SOA to nucleate ice under a range of atmospheric conditions. We further show that ambient concentrations of isoprene-derived SOA can be competitive with other INP sources. This demonstrates that isoprene and potentially other biogenically-derived SOA materials could influence cirrus formation and properties.- Published
- 2020
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45. Stabilization of Perivascular Mast Cells by Endothelial CNP (C-Type Natriuretic Peptide).
- Author
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Chen W, Werner F, Illerhaus A, Knopp T, Völker K, Potapenko T, Hofmann U, Frantz S, Baba HA, Rösch M, Zernecke A, Karbach S, Wenzel P, and Kuhn M
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Capillary Permeability, Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism, Cell Line, Cyclic GMP metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Endothelial Cells drug effects, Endothelial Cells pathology, Mast Cells drug effects, Mast Cells pathology, Mice, 129 Strain, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Microfilament Proteins metabolism, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury genetics, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury pathology, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type pharmacology, Neutrophil Infiltration, Phosphoproteins metabolism, Phosphorylation, Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor agonists, Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor genetics, Signal Transduction, Thrombosis genetics, Thrombosis pathology, Cell Degranulation drug effects, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Mast Cells metabolism, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type metabolism, Paracrine Communication, Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor metabolism, Thrombosis metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: Activated perivascular mast cells (MCs) participate in different cardiovascular diseases. Many factors provoking MC degranulation have been described, while physiological counterregulators are barely known. Endothelial CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide) participates in the maintenance of vascular barrier integrity, but the target cells and mechanisms are unclear. Here, we studied whether MCs are regulated by CNP. Approach and Results: In cultured human and murine MCs, CNP activated its specific GC (guanylyl cyclase)-B receptor and cyclic GMP signaling. This enhanced cyclic GMP-dependent phosphorylation of the cytoskeleton-associated VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and inhibited ATP-evoked degranulation. To elucidate the relevance in vivo, mice with a floxed GC-B ( Npr2 ) gene were interbred with a Mcpt5-Cre
TG line to generate mice lacking GC-B in connective tissue MCs (MC GC-B knockout). In anesthetized mice, acute ischemia-reperfusion of the cremaster muscle microcirculation provoked extensive MC degranulation and macromolecule extravasation. Superfusion of CNP markedly prevented MC activation and endothelial barrier disruption in control but not in MC GC-B knockout mice. Notably, already under resting conditions, such knockout mice had increased numbers of degranulated MCs in different tissues, together with elevated plasma chymase levels. After transient coronary occlusion, their myocardial areas at risk and with infarction were enlarged. Moreover, MC GC-B knockout mice showed augmented perivascular neutrophil infiltration and deep vein thrombosis in a model of inferior vena cava ligation., Conclusions: CNP, via GC-B/cyclic GMP signaling, stabilizes resident perivascular MCs at baseline and prevents their excessive activation under pathological conditions. Thereby CNP contributes to the maintenance of vascular integrity in physiology and disease.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Coexisting frequency combs spaced by an octave in a monolithic quantum cascade laser.
- Author
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Forrer A, Rösch M, Singleton M, Beck M, Faist J, and Scalari G
- Abstract
Quantum cascade lasers are proving to be instrumental in the development of compact frequency comb sources at mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies. Here we demonstrate a heterogeneous terahertz quantum cascade laser with two active regions spaced exactly by one octave. Both active regions are based on a four-quantum well laser design and they emit a combined 3 mW peak power at 15 K in pulsed mode. The two central frequencies are 2.3 THz (bandwidth 300 GHz) and 4.6 THz (bandwidth 270 GHz). The structure is engineered in a way that allows simultaneous operation of the two active regions in the comb regime, serving as a double comb source as well as a test bench structure for all waveguide internal self-referencing techniques. Narrow RF beatnotes (∼ 15 kHz) are recorded showing the simultaneous operation of the two combs, whose free-running coherence properties are investigated by means of beatnote spectroscopy performed both with an external detector and via self-mixing. Comb operation in a highly dispersive region (4.6 THz) relying only on gain bandwidth engineering shows the potential for broad spectral coverage with compact comb sources.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Looking back - Looking forward: A novel multi-time slice weight-of-evidence approach for defining reference conditions to assess the impact of human activities on lake systems.
- Author
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Hollert H, Crawford SE, Brack W, Brinkmann M, Fischer E, Hartmann K, Keiter S, Ottermanns R, Ouellet JD, Rinke K, Rösch M, Roß-Nickoll M, Schäffer A, Schüth C, Schulze T, Schwarz A, Seiler TB, Wessels M, Hinderer M, and Schwalb A
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Geologic Sediments, Human Activities, Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Quality, Environmental Monitoring methods, Lakes, Water Pollution statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Lake ecosystems are sensitive recorders of environmental changes that provide continuous archives at annual to decadal resolution over thousands of years. The systematic investigation of land use changes and emission of pollutants archived in Holocene lake sediments as well as the reconstruction of contamination, background conditions, and sensitivity of lake systems offer an ideal opportunity to study environmental dynamics and consequences of anthropogenic impact that increasingly pose risks to human well-being. This paper discusses the use of sediment and other lines of evidence in providing a record of historical and current contamination in lake ecosystems. We present a novel approach to investigate impacts from human activities using chemical-analytical, bioanalytical, ecological, paleolimnological, paleoecotoxicological, archeological as well as modeling techniques. This multi-time slice weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach will generate knowledge on conditions prior to anthropogenic influence and provide knowledge to (i) create a better understanding of the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on biodiversity, (ii) assess water quality by using quantitative data on historical pollution and persistence of pollutants archived over thousands of years in sediments, and (iii) define environmental threshold values using modeling methods. This technique may be applied in order to gain insights into reference conditions of surface and ground waters in catchments with a long history of land use and human impact, which is still a major need that is currently not yet addressed within the context of the European Water Framework Directive., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. BIK is involved in BRAF/MEK inhibitor induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines.
- Author
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Borst A, Haferkamp S, Grimm J, Rösch M, Zhu G, Guo S, Li C, Gao T, Meierjohann S, Schrama D, and Houben R
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Humans, Indoles, Melanoma metabolism, Melanoma pathology, Mitochondrial Proteins, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf metabolism, Pyridones, Pyrimidinones, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Sulfonamides, Vemurafenib, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins metabolism, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Melanoma drug therapy, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology
- Abstract
In patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma specific inhibitors of BRAF
V600E and MEK1/2 frequently induce initial tumor reduction, frequently followed by relapse. As demonstrated previously, BRAFV600E -inhibition induces apoptosis only in a fraction of treated cells, while the remaining arrest and survive providing a source or a niche for relapse. To identify factors contributing to the differential initial response towards BRAF/MEK inhibition, we established M14 melanoma cell line-derived single cell clones responding to treatment with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib predominantly with either cell cycle arrest (CCA-cells) or apoptosis (A-cells). Screening for differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes revealed loss of BCL2-Interacting Killer (BIK) mRNA in CCA-cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of BIK in CCA-cells resulted in increased apoptosis rates following vemurafenib/trametinib treatment, while knockdown/knockout of BIK in A-cells attenuated the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we demonstrate reversible epigenetic silencing of BIK mRNA expression in CCA-cells. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment associated with re-expression of BIK augmented sensitivity of CCA-cells towards vemurafenib/trametinib treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that BIK can be a critical mediator of melanoma cell fate determination in response to MAPK pathway inhibition., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. AGOS: A Plug-and-Play Method for the Assembly of Artificial Gene Operons into Functional Biosynthetic Gene Clusters.
- Author
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Basitta P, Westrich L, Rösch M, Kulik A, Gust B, and Apel AK
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Liquid, Streptomyces genetics, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Genes, Synthetic genetics, Multigene Family genetics, Operon genetics
- Abstract
The generation of novel secondary metabolites by reengineering or refactoring biochemical pathways is a rewarding but also challenging goal of synthetic biology. For this, the development of tools for the reconstruction of secondary metabolite gene clusters as well as the challenge of understanding the obstacles in this process is of great interest. The artificial gene operon assembly system (AGOS) is a plug-and-play method developed as a tool to consecutively assemble artificial gene operons into a destination vector and subsequently express them under the control of a de-repressed promoter in a Streptomyces host strain. AGOS was designed as a set of entry plasmids for the construction of artificial gene operons and a SuperCos1 based destination vector, into which the constructed operons can be assembled by Red/ET-mediated recombination. To provide a proof-of-concept of this method, we disassembled the well-known novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster into four gene operons, encoding for the different moieties of novobiocin. We then genetically reorganized these gene operons with the help of AGOS to finally obtain the complete novobiocin gene cluster again. The production of novobiocin precursors and of novobiocin could successfully be detected by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the omission of terminator sequences only had a minor impact on product formation in our system.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Dynamics of ultra-broadband terahertz quantum cascade lasers for comb operation.
- Author
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Li H, Laffaille P, Gacemi D, Apfel M, Sirtori C, Leonardon J, Santarelli G, Rösch M, Scalari G, Beck M, Faist J, Hänsel W, Holzwarth R, and Barbieri S
- Abstract
We present an experimental investigation of the multimode dynamics and the coherence of terahertz quantum cascade lasers emitting over a spectral bandwidth of ~1THz. The devices are studied in free-running and under direct RF modulation. Depending on the pump current we observe different regimes of operation, where RF spectra displaying single and multiple narrow beat-note signals alternate with spectra showing a single beat-note characterized by an intense phase-noise, extending over a bandwidth up to a few GHz. We investigate the relation between this phase-noise and the dynamics of the THz modes through the electro-optic sampling of the laser emission. We find that when the phase-noise is large, the laser operates in an unstable regime where the lasing modes are incoherent. Under RF modulation of the laser current such instability can be suppressed and the modes coherence recovered, while, simultaneously, generating a strong broadening of the THz emission spectrum.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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