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Learning in the twenty-first century is becoming more dependent on the use of digital tools and interactive media. Teachers play a crucial role in creating game-based learning procedures and enhancing learning and motivation. The aim of this article is to determine what kinds of expertise educators could require to effectively use game-based education (GBP). This study was done with 14 schools in East Java and their partner schools that took part in the GBP network initiative from 2017 to 2020. Two or three instructors at each school serve as the "core participants" who disseminate their knowledge to their colleagues. After collecting data via teacher documentation, theme interviews, and questionnaires, this research used qualitative content analysis to draw conclusions. The fields of pedagogy, technology, collaboration, and creativity were defined as the four key domains of competency. Researchers found that teachers' collaborative skills (whether intra-school or inter-school collaborations or networks with other teachers and key actors) were crucial to the success of the GBP's implementation. The findings may be used to improve pre-service and in-service teacher education and training, since teachers' game-based learning abilities will increasingly form an important part of their professional toolkits.

Teachers are unclear how to adapt pedagogical techniques in digital play to enhance language development for young children in the digital era and with the changes in early childhood education. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers understand the development and teaching of early childhood language in early grades with digital game media and special references for early grade students. Qualitative, interpretative research is employed. The researcher picked a Surabaya primary school with digital technologies for the study's participants. Eight elementary school teachers were also included in the research. Teachers' interactions with students while utilizing digital tools were studied via the use of semi-structured surveys and focus group interviews. In addition, it was recorded that bystanders saw these exchanges. The data utilized in this analysis takes into consideration instructors' perspectives on the value of information communication technology (ICT) in early education, the benefits of digital play, and the potential of digital pedagogy to foster better language acquisition. The study found that instructors were amenable to digital play-based learning. Educators' knowledge of digital games' potential to assist primary language learning is limited. Since today's children are digital natives, many instructors feel video games may help them acquire a second language. More effort should be placed into producing games that incorporate digital language-learning tools. Results also demonstrate that using digital games in the classroom is current. Before completely understanding the benefits of digital play in language instruction, we need further research on teachers' viewpoints, digital literacy, and behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to analyze online-based learning management for elementary school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia in terms of lesson planning, learning organization, learning implementation, learning directing, and learning evaluation. This research method used quantitative research with the type of survey research. Participants in this study were elementary school teachers in east java province in Indonesia. The total sample of the study is 140 elementary school teachers in east java Indonesia the July, 2020/2021 school year. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive samples. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The research instrument used a questionnaire with open-ended questions filled out by all primary school teachers who were sampled. The data analysis technique is carried out using descriptive statistics namely the presentation in the form of tables, charts, graphs, percentage values and so on. The data analysis technique is carried out using SPSS version 23. The results showed that online-based learning management for elementary school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia obtained 0,52926 for the standard deviation score is, it means that all data are in that range. The mean of majority score is 3,6214, it means that majority indicators are in very good criteria. The five online learning management functions that were carried out during COVID-19 show: the implementation of learning is in the first position, learning planning is in the second position, learning organization is in the third position, online learning evaluation is in the fourth position and online learning directing is in the fifth position. The success of online learning management is determined by the ease of application used by teachers to communicate with students. In addition, teacher mastery with digital application platforms, and quotas also has an influence on the success of online learning management during COVID-19 pandemic.

This research invites us to analyze how IoT through social media is transformed as an educational medium for social interaction for children during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study also identifies how parents, teachers, and children perceive social interactions before and after the pandemic. This research method uses embedded mixed methods by utilizing a qualitative approach through virtual ethnography and borrowing a questionnaire to complement the qualitative data. The survey of responses in this study was obtained from 100 parents and children who carried out learning activities at home from April 2020 to April 2021.The results show that the transformation of IoT and social media has had a significant impact on children's education in social interaction, owing to their interactive nature. Thus, IoT and social media can evolve into additional artifacts that act as mediators in the post-millennial generation, rather than as a form of culture. When social media and online games are introduced into a child's environment, it has been demonstrated that they mediate their conceptualization of learning and cognitive development, among other agents through the interactions between teachers, children, and technology, children conceptualize higher mental functions such as continuous and ongoing problem-solving dispositions, as well as language acquisition and social learning. The effect of technology on human interaction results in the transformation of social functions into individual mental functions, a process facilitated by modern technology.

Music education often struggles to sustain students’ long-term commitment, with many perceiving lessons as frustrating or unengaging, leading to discontinuation. To address this gap, our study aimed to elucidate the primary reasons for dropout from the perspectives of various stakeholders, including students, parents, teachers, and principals. Drawing upon the self-determination theory, our research comprehensively investigated external and internal factors contributing to dropout. Among external factors, competing extracurricular commitments, music theory and solfége lessons, and teacher’s approach emerge as the most prominent. Among internal factors, our findings highlighted the critical role of autonomy, competency, and relatedness in shaping students’ decisions to continue or discontinue music education. Inadequate teacher-student relationships, limited peer interactions, and uninspiring classroom atmospheres significantly impacted dropout. Moreover, challenges in the music school curriculum, such as difficulties with music theory and solfège, resource limitations, and excessive workloads, emerged as prominent barriers to student engagement. By addressing these multifaceted issues, our study underscores the importance of fostering supportive environments that cater to individual needs and interests, ultimately enhancing the overall music education experience and reducing dropout rates. This research represents the first systematic empirical study in Slovenian music education, laying the groundwork for future quantitative investigations to advance education practices in Slovenia.

Commenting on the work of other authors is justified when there are serious concerns related the scientific content, and the authors do not respond with valid arguments so that such concerns cannot be addressed. It should not be used to advertise one’s own work.

Abstract Plasmodium falciparum secretes extracellular vesicles (PfEVs) that contain parasite-derived RNA. However, the significance of the secreted RNA remains unexplored. Here, we compare secreted and intracellular RNA from asexual cultures of six P. falciparum lines. We find that secretion of RNA via extracellular vesicles is not only periodic throughout the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle but is also highly conserved across P. falciparum isolates. We further demonstrate that the phases of RNA secreted via extracellular vesicles are discernibly shifted compared to those of the intracellular RNA within the secreting whole parasite. Finally, transcripts of genes with no known function during the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle are enriched in PfEVs compared to the whole parasite. We conclude that the secretion of extracellular vesicles could be a putative posttranscriptional RNA regulation mechanism that is part of or synergise the classic RNA decay processes to maintain intracellular RNA levels in P. falciparum.

Musical creativity is represented through the activity of "creation" in the curricula for music education in both Montenegrin and Slovenian primary schools. Starting from the assumption that this activity is insufficiently realised, a survey of the teaching practice of the specialist music teachers in the two countries was conducted (N = 154). The obtained results show that creative musical activities are moderately represented in teaching practice and that Slovenian teachers achieve programme-defined goals related to the activities through which pupils create their own music to a greater extent. The results also indicate the particular circumstances that, in real school conditions, make it difficult to systematically realise this activity within regular music classes.

Learning media is often used in the implementation of effective learning so that students can be more involved in the classroom. However, many teachers continue to use traditional teaching methods, causing students to be less engaged in learning. Teachers can use song media as one of the learning media. The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze the research planning stages of using song media in social studies learning in class V SDN Kertajaya IV/210 Surabaya. (2) Describe the results of the use of music media in social studies learning on the learning motivation of fifth grade students at SDN Kertajaya IV/210 Surabaya. This study used qualitative research methods. The subjects of this study were 20 fifth grade students. This study uses primary data sources. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using technical triangulation. Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions are the data analysis techniques used. The results of the study revealed that social studies learning with the media of European arrival historical songs included three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. Learning planning consists of 2 stages: observation and study of literature. The stages of learning implementation are divided into three parts, namely preparatory activities, core activities, and closing activities. Learning is carried out at the assessment stage by examining achievements and deficiencies that occur during the learning process. The use of music media in social studies learning shows that the learning process runs smoothly and has the potential to increase student learning motivation.

This article aims to explore the application of Project-Based Learning (PJBL) models in the course of stage management and to examine the global perspective regarding its implementation. In the context of the stage management course, PJBL can serve as an effective tool to involve students in practical and in-depth learning experiences. The implementation steps of the PJBL model are as follows: Firstly, the selection of challenging and relevant projects or tasks related to the field of stage management is carried out. Secondly, instructional planning is developed, including learning objectives, schedules, resources, and assessments. Subsequently, students are divided into working teams that will collaborate to complete the project. The learning process revolves around the project, with the instructor playing the role of a facilitator and guide. Through the implementation of the PJBL model, students are provided with opportunities to develop managerial skills, team collaboration, problem-solving, and more. Students also have the chance to learn from real experiences and apply management theories learned in practical situations. Furthermore, global competencies are also honed through this implementation, achieved by integrating elements of multiculturalism and cultural diversity within the given projects. In conclusion, the implementation of the PJBL model in the stage management course demonstrates significant potential in enhancing student engagement and facilitating deeper learning experiences. Taking a global perspective into account, this model can help students prepare themselves to face real-world challenges in the field of stage management.

Plasmodium falciparum parasites have a complex life cycle, but the most clinically relevant stage of the disease is the invasion of erythrocytes and the proliferation of the parasite in the blood. The influence of human genetic traits on malaria has been known for a long time, however understanding the role of the proteins involved is hampered by the anuclear nature of erythrocytes that makes them inaccessible to genetic tools. Here we overcome this limitation using stem cells to generate erythroid cells with an in-vitro differentiation protocol and assess parasite invasion with an adaptation of flow cytometry to detect parasite hemozoin. We combine this strategy with reprogramming of patient cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and genome editing to understand the role of key genes and human traits in malaria infection. We show that deletion of basigin ablates invasion while deletion of ATP2B4 has a minor effect and that erythroid cells from reprogrammed patient-derived HbBart α-thalassemia samples poorly support infection. The possibility to obtain patient-secific and genetically modifed erythoid cells offers an unparalleled opportunity to study the role of human genes and polymorphisms in malaria allowing preservation of the genomic background to demonstrate their function and understand their mechanisms.

Some parasitic diseases, such as malaria, require two hosts to complete their lifecycle: a human and an insect vector. Although most malaria research has focused on parasite development in the human host, the life cycle within the vector is critical for the propagation of the disease. The mosquito stage of the Plasmodium lifecycle represents a major demographic bottleneck, crucial for transmission blocking strategies. Furthermore, it is in the vector, where sexual recombination occurs generating “de novo” genetic diversity, which can favor the spread of drug resistance and hinder effective vaccine development. However, understanding of vector-parasite interactions is hampered by the lack of experimental systems that mimic the natural environment while allowing to control and standardize the complexity of the interactions. The breakthrough in stem cell technologies has provided new insights into human-pathogen interactions, but these advances have not been translated into insect models. Here, we review in vivo and in vitro systems that have been used so far to study malaria in the mosquito. We also highlight the relevance of single-cell technologies to progress understanding of these interactions with higher resolution and depth. Finally, we emphasize the necessity to develop robust and accessible ex vivo systems (tissues and organs) to enable investigation of the molecular mechanisms of parasite-vector interactions providing new targets for malaria control.

The purpose of this study is to describe the problems of using digital-based innovative learning media in the digitalization era which is an independent learning program in basic education. This problem is very important to study more deeply, considering that learning media is an important component that must exist in the implementation of learning. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research was conducted at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya during December 2022. The data needed in this study included literature studies, direct observation, supported by questionnaire results and interviews with PPG students who carried out PPL at SDN Sidosermo 1 Surabaya. The results of this study note that there are still teachers who have not utilized digital-based innovative learning media during learning. Teachers still use the lecture method and simple media in the form of pictures and word cards to support learning. The lack of use of digital-based innovative learning media is not only seen in Sidosermo 1 Surabaya Elementary School, but also in several schools in Indonesia. This is known from data which states that around 60% of teachers in Indonesia still do not master information and communication technology. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the use of digital-based innovative learning media is still minimal and needs to be improved in the future. It is intended that there is a balance between technological advances and scientific advances in the school environment, which in turn can improve the quality of learning

This study was conducted to determine the implementation and obstacles in evaluating mathematics learning using the media quizizz for fourth grade students of SDI Al-Chusnaini Sukodono, East Java. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This study describes the implementation and obstacles in evaluating mathematics learning using quizizz media for fourth grade students of SDI Al-Chusnaini Sukodono, East Java.The results of research conducted by researchers through observations and interviews with teachers and fourth grade students of SDI SDI Al-Chusnaini Sukodono, East Java, resulted in data that the evaluation of mathematics learning using quizizz media made evaluation activities fun but not effective because several things, including teachers could not knowing the working process of students when evaluating learning and there are some students experiencing problems related to signals or networks that are less stable.

Context: Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in men. Recently, great effort has been devoted to the study of BC variant histology (VH). Yet, the results from these studies have shown conflicting data and remain unclear whether their presence alters recurrence and survival rates after radical cystectomy (RC). Aims: We undertook this study aiming to test the effect on VH on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in single-center RC patients. Settings and Design: We have retrospectively analyzed medical records and pathology reports from 331 patients who underwent RC with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy at University Urology Clinic-Skopje, North Macedonia, in the period between 2010 and 2018. Subjects and Methods: Microscopic analysis of the specimens involved the evaluation of histological tumor type, tumor grade, pathological tumor node metastasis stage, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and resection margin status. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were applied to test the effect of VH on RFS and OS. Results: We found 185 patients who matched our inclusion criteria. At multivariable analyses, lymphovascular invasion and positive resection margins were associated with shorter RFS. Similarly, patients diagnosed with lymphovascular invasion, positive resection margins, and a pelvic lymph node metastasis had poorer OS. VH was not found to be an independent predictor of both RFS and OS (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The present study did not reveal prognostic effect of VH on RFS and OS. In our series, histomorphologic parameters including lymphovascular invasion, resection margins, and pelvic lymph node metastasis were the most relevant predictors on survival outcome after RC.

Abstract: A student's ability to develop essential competencies and attitudes will not be fostered by the use of the traditional educational techniques now used. As a result, teaching methods that engage students in the learning process and encourage them to address real-world issues should be employed in the teaching of Social Science Learning. Teaching social science may benefit from the use of social science authentic learning in this setting. Because students actively participate in the educational process, they encounter real-world challenges and may develop higher-order thinking abilities while addressing difficulties in social science authentic learning, this has been shown to be true. In addition, students are delighted with their education in this manner. We are thus interested in hearing from both students and teachers about their experiences with social science authentic learning in Social Science. The study's sample was created via the use of criteria sampling, which was based on a qualitative research methodology. There are 35 4th grade children, 20 girls and 15 boys, from a private school in Surabaya, Indonesia who participate in the research, as well as the teacher of the class. Focus groups and an open-ended questionnaire were used to gather the data for this study. Using the content analysis method, the data were examined. Authentic social science learning was seen favorably by both students and instructors, according to the findings. Social science authentic learning, according to students, also helped them develop a variety of other characteristics and talents.

Simulation models of Hydro Power Plant (HPP) are complex and highly nonlinear control system, composed of tunnel, penstock, surge tank, hydro turbine and hydroelectrical governor models. Hydro Power Plant (HPP) models recommended by the IEEE working group is revised and is used for simulation of the transient and static response of the system of hydro turbine and auxiliary equipment. Verification was made using measurements of static and transient responses from real HPP. Modification of simulation model is made after comparison of the simulated response of the HPP simulation model and real response of the HPP with PID controller. Modification and adjustment of the two parameters of the model is made to adjust the static response of the model without affecting transient response and with consideration of smallest frequency and power error.

Abstract: Fine arts education courses are Science and Skills Subjects contained in the curriculum structure of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at Hasyim Asy'ari University, Jombang. This course has learning outcomes, namely students have awareness of local culture and environmental-based creative competencies to be applied in learning in elementary schools (SD). Therefore, a container is needed as a creative process and appreciation of works through art exhibition activities. This research method is qualitative as well as primary and secondary data collection through observation of the implementation of art learning. The purpose of this research is to produce works of art to be appreciated through class exhibitions as a forum for the creative process and art appreciation. It is proven by this activity being able to provide experience in the process of creating fine arts using various themes, materials and dimensions for the development of student creativity aspects as well as training students to appreciate traditional and contemporary cultural works. In the implementation of learning, learning models are needed to achieve high quality learning. learning models help educators to package a lesson that can attract interest in appreciating and creating works of art. Keywords: exhibitions, fine arts, creative processes, appreciation Abstrak: Mata kuliah pendidikan seni rupa merupakan Mata Kuliah Keilmuan dan Ketrampilan yang terdapat dalam struktur kurikulum Prodi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar di Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari Jombang. Mata kuliah ini memiliki capaian pembelajaran yaitu mahasiswa memiliki kesadaran terhadap budaya lokal dan kompetensi kreatif berbasislingkungan untuk diaplikasikan dalam pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan wadah sebagai proses kreatif dan apresiasi karya melalui kegiatan pameran seni rupa. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif serta pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder melalui observasi terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran seni rupa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi karya seni rupa untuk diapresiasi melalui pameran kelas sebagai wadah proses kreatif dan apresiasi seni. Terbukti dengan adanya kegiatan ini mampu memberikan pengalaman proses berkarya seni rupa dengan menggunakan berbagai tema, material dan dimensi untuk pengembangan aspek kreativitas mahasiswa serta melatih mahasiswa untuk menghargai karya budaya tradisional maupun kontemporer.Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran dibutuhkan model pembelajaran guna tercapainya kualitas pembelajaran yang tinggi.Pengembangan model pembelajaran membantu pendidik untuk mengemas sebuah pembelajaran yang dapat menarik minat dalam mengapresiasi dan berkreasi karya seni rupa.Penelitian ini menghasilkan acuan berupa model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang berorientasi pada kecerdasan interpersonal dan aplikasinya dalam pemebelajaran seni rupa. . Kunci: pameran, seni rupa, proses kreatif, apresiasi

Music education often struggles to sustain students' long-term commitment, with many perceiving lessons as frustrating or unengaging, leading to discontinuation. To address this gap, our study aimed to elucidate the primary reasons for dropout from the perspectives of various stakeholders, including students, parents, teachers, and principals. Drawing upon the self-determination theory, our research comprehensively investigated external and internal factors contributing to dropout. Among external factors, competing extracurricular commitments, music theory and solfége lessons, and teacher's approach emerge as the most prominent. Among internal factors, our findings highlighted the critical role of autonomy, competency, and relatedness in shaping students' decisions to continue or discontinue music education. Inadequate teacherstudent relationships, limited peer interactions, and uninspiring classroom atmospheres significantly impacted dropout. Moreover, challenges in the music school curriculum, such as difficulties with music theory and solfège, resource limitations, and excessive workloads, emerged as prominent barriers to student engagement. By addressing these multifaceted issues, our study underscores the importance of fostering supportive environments that cater to individual needs and interests, ultimately enhancing the overall music education experience and reducing dropout rates. This research represents the first systematic empirical study in Slovenian music education, laying the groundwork for future quantitative investigations to advance education practices in Slovenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tumor budding (TB) is considered to be a morphological and prognostic factor relevant to colon cancer (CC). The aim of our study is to assess the TB and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings within stage II and III CC patients as a single center experience. Materials and methods: A total of 120 CC patients operated between 2018 and 2021 at the University Clinic of Digestive Surgery in Skopje, the Republic of North Macedonia were included in this retrospective, single center study. TB was evaluated by the magnification of 200x along the invasive front of the primary tumor on H&E and CKAE1/AE3 immunohistochemically stained sections. Two grades were used: low grade (TB1, 0-4 TBs) and high-grade, which includes intermediate (TB2, 5-9 TBs) and high grade (TB3 ≥10TBs) of TBs. Results: A statistically significant correlation has been identified between high-grade TB and age (p=0.05) of the patients. There was also a significantly higher occurrence of high-grade TB in patients within stage III CC. Statistically significant correlations were also found in lymph node status (p<0.01), vascular invasion (p<0.05), lymphatic invasion (p<0.01), postoperative relapse (p<0.01), and death (p<0.01). Tumor relapse and death were significantly more frequent in patients with high-grade TB than those with low-grade TB. Patients with registered high-grade TB demonstrated significantly lower relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than patients with low-grade TB over the observation period (RFS: 53.8% vs. 98.5%, p<0.001; OS: 65.4% vs. 97.1%, p<0.001, respectively). Patients with lung and liver postoperative relapses had higher percentage of cases with high-grade TB (94.1%). Conclusion: Our results are highly suggestive that TB should be included as a histological biomarker in the pathology report of patients with stage II and stage III CC, because of its prognostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first 2 weeks of lactation dairy cows experience a negative energy balance. As a response to the negative energy balance high degree of lipid mobilization from the stored body fat occurs. When niacin is administered in pharmacological doses, it has an antilipolytic effect and reduces non-esterified fatty acids release from adipose tissue. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pharmacological doses of niacin on blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in dairy cows during early lactation. The experiment included 30 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. The cows were allocated into two groups 15 cows in each (niacin and control group). Niacin was administered per os with food in the dose of 120 grams per day per cow, for 4 weeks, 2 weeks before and after calving. Blood samples were taken three times: on the day of calving, 7 and 14th day after calving. Metabolic parameters non-esterified fatty acids, betahydroxybutyrate, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total bilirubin and urea were determined using colorimetric reaction according to the manufacturer's instruction colorimetric test kits and were measured using a semi-automatic analyzer. Differences in metabolite concentration between the niacin and control group of cows were determined. Two-way ANOVA, Least Significant Difference, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. Correlation coefficients among the blood indicators of lipomobilization (non-esterified fatty acids and betahydroxybutyrate) and the blood indicators of hepatic lesion and function (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, urea, and triglyceride) were calculated. Significant correlations (p < 0.01) were observed in most of the parameters. We found significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase concentration in the niacin group compared to the control group and this result indicates that cows that received niacin had lower liver lesions and damage because of decreased lipomobilization. A positive correlation between indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic enzymes was found. Pharmacological doses of niacin supplemented daily for 4 weeks suppress lipolysis and improve hepatic function in dairy cows during the peripartal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiradenoma and cylindroma are skin adnexal tumors that can behave aggressively and undergo malignant transformation. Here, the authors genetically assess a cohort of these adnexal tumours, highlighting recurrent ALPK1 mutations and revealing the genomic landscape of these rare tumours.

Numerous neutralizing antibodies that target SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and most directly block binding of the viral Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) to angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we deliberately exploit non-neutralizing RBD antibodies, showing they can dramatically assist in neutralization when linked to neutralizing binders. We identified antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) by phage display that bind RBD, but do not block ACE2 or neutralize virus as IgGs. When these non-neutralizing Fabs were assembled into bispecific VH/Fab IgGs with a neutralizing VH domain, we observed a ~ 25-fold potency improvement in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 compared to the mono-specific bi-valent VH-Fc alone or the cocktail of the VH-Fc and IgG. This effect was epitope-dependent, reflecting the unique geometry of the bispecific antibody toward Spike. Our results show that a bispecific antibody that combines both neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes on Spike-RBD is a promising and rapid engineering strategy to improve the potency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kreativitas guru PAUD dalam penciptaan gerak dan lagu tematik untuk anak usia dini yang meliputi ide gagasan, bentuk dan proses penciptaan gerak dan lagu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini memuat deskripsi kreativitas Guru PAUD dalam proses penciptaan gerak dan lagu tematik untuk anak usia dini yang diawali dari penentuan ide gagasan, tahap eksplorasi gerakan, tahap improvisasi gerak dan tahap pembentukan gerakan. Dimana masing-masing tahapan penciptaan gerak dan lagu difokuskan pada gerak dan lagu bertema sesuai dengan tema pembelajaran yang ada di PAUD. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu, bagaimanapun bentuk gerak dan lagu yang diciptakan oleh Guru PAUD hendaknya disesuaikan dengan karakteristik dari peserta didik. Gerak dan lagu yang bagus, adalah gerak yang dilakukan dengan anak-anak menirukan syair yang ada dalam lagu tersebut. Karena gerak dan lagu selain dapat melatih fisiknya, juga dapat melatih Bahasa anak.

The age of boars significantly influences the values of ejaculate parameters. The aim of this research was to determine the quality of boar ejaculates categorized by age groups: Group 1, up to 1 year, Group 2, up to 2 years, Group 3, up to 3 years, Group 4, 4 years and older. A total of 50 ejaculates from 50 boars from nine farms were examined, analysing the impact of boar age on ejaculate parameters (ejaculate volume (ml), progressive motility (%), sperm concentration (x106), total sperm count (x109), and percentage of total proteins). Analysis of ejaculate parameters in boars of different ages indicates that the most significant changes occur in sperm concentration and total sperm count, where significant differences were observed. These results suggest that age influences spermatogenesis, and with the aging of boars, there is a decrease in the intensity of spermatogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on one-to-one studio based instrumental instruction in music schools. Some novelties in the music school woodwind curricula are presented within various contexts. Teacher – student relationship, their interactions, and knowledge transfer are essential in individual instrumental instruction. The learning process is systematically structured within six teaching stages, ranging from new content presentation to learning reviews. We examined music school flute teachers’ beliefs (N=78) about teaching stages in individual studio based instruction. We researched their new content teaching strategies, guided practice and reinforcement, feedback, homework monitoring strategies, formative review and assessment within music studio academic year.

Creativity is the focus of research in various areas. The present paper focuses on creativity in music and the role of the teacher in stimulating and developing it in an individual’s musical development. It highlights the importance of evaluating musical ideas, the creative process and final products. The Music Olympiad involves a presentation of competitor’s own compositions. In the research, we analysed the characteristics of the compositions written for and performed at the first three Slovene Music Olympiads.

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Cellular & Infection Microbiology. The editorial discusses the use of stem cell technologies in the study of tropical infectious diseases. The authors highlight the challenges in studying these diseases and the potential of stem cell technologies to overcome these challenges. They provide examples of how stem cell technologies have been applied to the study of malaria and Chagas disease, and they discuss the potential of these technologies in studying other parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and helminths. The authors emphasize the importance of stem cell-based approaches in understanding and finding new avenues for prevention and treatment of these diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Protozoan infections are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and some of the most important neglected diseases in the world. Despite relentless efforts devoted to vaccine and drug development, adequate tools to treat and prevent most of these diseases are still lacking. One of the greatest hurdles is the lack of understanding of host–parasite interactions. This gap in our knowledge comes from the fact that these parasites have complex life cycles, during which they infect a variety of specific cell types that are difficult to access or model in vitro. Even in those cases when host cells are readily available, these are generally terminally differentiated and difficult or impossible to manipulate genetically, which prevents assessing the role of human factors in these diseases. The advent of stem cell technology has opened exciting new possibilities to advance our knowledge in this field. The capacity to culture Embryonic Stem Cells, derive Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from people and the development of protocols for differentiation into an ever-increasing variety of cell types and organoids, together with advances in genome editing, represent a huge resource to finally crack the mysteries protozoan parasites hold and unveil novel targets for prevention and treatment.