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Abstract: Three pale-orange bacteria (strains 1083-08, 1084-08T and 1095B-08) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. The isolates were Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped cells. Analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed their adscription to the genus Chryseobacterium. The three isolates shared 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 98.5% similarity with Chryseobacterium indologenes CCUG 14556T, being the closest phylogenetically related species. Genomic DNA–DNA hybridization similarity values between the three isolates were 94–100% and 2–39% between strain 1084-08T and the type strains of other related Chryseobacterium species, confirming that the isolates represent a novel species within the genus Chryseobacterium. The DNA G+C content of the species was 33.6–36.1mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone of strain 1084-08T was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c, iso-C17:0 3-OH and C16:1 ω6c. The isolates were distinguished from related Chryseobacterium species by a number of phenotypic properties. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic findings, it is proposed that the new isolates from rainbow trout be classified as a new species of the genus Chryseobacterium, with the name of Chryseobacterium tructae sp. nov. The type strain is 1084-08T (=CECT 7798T =CCUG 60111T). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Eighteen isolates of a Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, recovered from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were characterized, using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Studies based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that that the eighteen new isolates shared 99.2–100% sequence similarities. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates from trout belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, showing the highest sequence similarities to F. chungangense (98.6%), F. frigidimaris (98.1%), F. hercynium (97.9%) and F. aquidurense (97.8%). DNA–DNA reassociation values between the trout isolates (exemplified by strain 631-08T) and five type strains of the most closely related Flavobacterium species exhibited less than 27% similarity. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.0mol%. The major respiratory quinone was observed to be menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and iso-C15:0, C15:0 and C16:1 ω7c the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain 631-08T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids AL1 and AL3, lipids L1, L2, L3 and L4 and phospholipid PL1. The novel isolates were differentiated from related Flavobacterium species by physiological and biochemical tests. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that the isolates from rainbow trout be classified as a new species of the genus Flavobacterium, Flavobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov. The type strain is 631-08T (=CECT 7678T =CCUG 59446T). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Genotypic and phenotypic analyses were performed on five Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the gill and liver of four rainbow trout. Studies based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the five new isolates shared 99.8–100% sequence similarity and that they belong to the genus Chryseobacterium. The nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the strain 701B-08T were Chryseobacterium ureilyticum F-Fue-04IIIaaaaT (99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Chryseobacterium joosteii LMG 18212T (98.6%). DNA–DNA hybridization values between the five isolates were 91–99% and ranged from 2 to 53% between strain 701B-08T and the type strains of phylogenetically closely related species of Chryseobacterium. Strain 701B-08T had a DNA G+C content of 36.3mol%, the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c, C16:1 ω6c and iso-C17:0 3-OH and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6. The novel isolates were distinguished from related Chryseobacterium species by physiological and biochemical tests. The genotypic and phenotypic properties of the isolates from rainbow trout suggest their classification as representatives of a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 701B-08T (=CECT 7794T =CCUG 60105T). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Traffic is the main source of platinum-group element (PGE) contamination in populated urban areas. There is increasing concern about the hazardous effects of these new pollutants for people and for other living organisms in these areas. Airborne and road dusts, as well as tree bark and grass samples were collected at locations in the European cities of Go¨teborg (Sweden), Madrid (Spain), Rome (Italy), Munich (Germany), Sheffield and London (UK). Today, in spite of the large number of parameters that can influence the airborne PGE content, the results obtained so far indicate significantly higher PGE levels at traffic sites compared with the rural or non-polluted zones that have been investigated (background levels). The average Pt content in airborne particles found in downtown Madrid, Go¨teborg and Rome is in the range 7.3–13.1 pg m−3. The ring roads of these cities have values in the range 4.1–17.7 pg m−3. In Munich, a lower Pt content was found in airborne particles (4.1 pg m−3). The same tendency has been noted for downtown Rh, with contents in the range 2.2–2.8 pg m−3, and in the range 0.8–3.0 and 0.3 pg m−3 for motorway margins in Munich. The combined results obtained using a wide-range airborne classifier (WRAC) collector and a PM-10 or virtual impactor show that Pt is associated with particles for a wide range of diameters. The smaller the particle size, the lower the Pt concentration. However, in particles

A comparison of platinum-group element (PGE) emission between gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters is reported within this work. Whole raw exhaust fumes from four catalysts of three different types were examined during their useful lifetime, from fresh to 80 000 km. Two were gasoline engine catalysts (Pt–Pd–Rh and Pd–Rh), while the other two were diesel engine catalysts (Pt). Samples were collected following the 91441 EUDC driving cycle for light-duty vehicle testing, and the sample collection device used allowed differentiation between the particulate and soluble fractions, the latter being the most relevant from an environmental point of view. Analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (quadrupole and high resolution), and special attention was paid to the control of spectral interference, especially in the case of Pd and Rh. The results obtained show that, for fresh catalysts, the release of particulate PGE through car exhaust fumes does not follow any particular trend, with a wide range (one–two orders of magnitude) for the content of noble metals emitted. The samples collected from 30 000–80 000 km present a more homogeneous PGE release for all catalysts studied. A decrease of approximately one order of magnitude is observed with respect to the release from fresh catalysts, except in the case of the diesel engine catalyst, for which PGE emission continued to be higher than in the case of gasoline engines. The fraction of soluble PGE was found to represent less than 10% of the total amount released from fresh catalysts. For aged catalysts, the figures are significantly higher, especially for Pd and Rh. Particulate PGE can be considered as virtually biologically inert, while soluble PGE forms can represent an environmental risk due to their bioavailability, which leads them to accumulate in the environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction In May 2016 we have implemented stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy at the VU University Medical Center by using the MRIdian system (ViewRay, Inc.). Our approach consists of: (1) MR-guided tumor setup; (2) daily online plan adaptation to account for inter-fractional changes; (3) patient-specific QA; (4) gated treatment delivery. The key points of the MR-guided adaptive workflow and the potential for better OAR sparing and delivery accuracy are shown. Methods For each adaptive fraction a high-resolution MR acquisition for delineation and plan adaptation is taken. Scantime ranges from 17 s. to 150 s. according to protocol. Online plan (re-)optimization is done by keeping the same beam parameters as for the reference baselineplan. Before treatment delivery online patient-specific QA evaluation of the adapted plan is performed with a 3%/3 mm gamma comparison with the dose distribution from the TPS before accepting the adapted treatment plan for delivery. MR-guidance of gated treatments during delivery is performed in a single sagittal plan on the GTV with a safety margin of GTV + 3 mm. Results Well over 700 adaptive fractions in 130 patients under MR-guidance have been delivered to date. Treatment, generally delivered as hypofractionated SBRT included lesions in the pancreas, prostate, lung and liver. Plan adaptation was performed in a median time of 12 min and resulted nearly always in plans meeting the constraints of the clinical protocol. Online patient-specific QA was performed on average within 1.5 min resulting in average gamma pass-rate above 99% and gamma average value of 0.35. Plan (re-)optimization results in better sparing of OARs while ensuring adequate coverage to the PTV. Median duration of treatments was 50 min and it was delivered with video assisted feedback to the patient with a monitor installed in the treatment room. Conclusions An online procedure for plan adaptation and delivery under MR-guidance was successfully implemented at our institution, resulting in median times of 12 min. for plan adaptation and 50 min. for treatment duration. A very good agreement in the patient-specific QA was obtained for all adapted fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Members of the genus Flavobacterium are widely distributed microorganisms that can be recovered from a wide variety of environments. There has been an increase in the number of species isolated from fish or fish farm environments, some of them possibly associated with disease. Fourteen Flavobacterium-like isolates recovered from gills, surface of eggs and liver of rainbow trout were characterized by a polyphasic study that included a deep phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that isolates represented three separate phylogenetic groups (A–C) within the genus Flavobacterium. Further genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrated that they represent three novel species of the genus Flavobacterium for which the names Flavobacterium collinsii, Flavobacterium branchiarum and Flavobacterium branchiicola are proposed. Most isolates of the three species were collected from gills indicating that they are probably commensal organisms that are able to colonize this tissue. However, some strains were recovered from the liver of two different trout, suggesting their ability to infect trout. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article reports on platinum's accumulation, fractionation, and analysis in toxicologically affected tissues after oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin administration. It mentions that Pt-drugs for tumor treatment present side effects like ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. A study conducted to identify the maximum concentration of Pt in the cells and cytosols of kidney, liver, and ear is discussed. Cytosols' analysis with the use of liquid chromatography showed an analogous behavior. Under denaturing conditions, cisplatin-biomolecule interaction strength was evaluated by LC-ICP-MS and showed a quite strong bond.