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1. Analytic modeling of sensitivity in diffusion-limited type-II superlattice mid-wave infrared nBn photodetectors for design optimization for low-irradiance conditions.

Author

Newell, A. T., Carrasco, R. A., Hains, C. P., Logan, J. V., Balakrishnan, G., Maestas, D., Morath, C. P., and Webster, P. T.

Subjects
*CARRIER density, *QUANTUM efficiency, *ABSORPTION coefficients, *PHOTODETECTORS, *DETECTORS
Abstract

An analytical model for diffusion-limited detector sensitivity under low-irradiance conditions is derived from carrier continuity equations and verified with Silvaco TCAD drift-diffusion software. The model is used to determine the optimal design parameters for a mid-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice nBn photodetector for maximum sensitivity under both topside- and backside-illumination conditions. A minimum attainable noise-equivalent irradiance of 4.5 × 1010 photons/cm2 s is found for InAs/InAsSb nBn at 130 K, roughly 2.4× higher than a detector exhibiting Rule 07 dark current density and unity quantum efficiency. A design heuristic, offering a simple and practical approach to designing a high-sensitivity detector, is then developed and performance is found to be comparable to the optimally designed structures. Finally, an evaluation of the impact of each material parameter on noise-equivalent irradiance is performed, revealing that the intrinsic carrier concentration, effective minority carrier lifetime, and absorption coefficient exhibit the largest impacts on sensitivity for diffusion-limited detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Effects of 63 MeV proton irradiation on the performance of MWIR InGaAs/InAsSb nBn photodetectors.

Author

Newell, A. T., Logan, J. V., Carrasco, R. A., Hains, C. P., Ariyawansa, G., Duran, J. M., Balakrishnan, G., Maestas, D., Morath, C. P., and Webster, P. T.

Subjects
*IRRADIATION, *INDIUM gallium arsenide, *QUANTUM efficiency, *PROTONS, *PHOTODETECTORS, *CARRIER density
Abstract

An investigation into the effects of 63 MeV proton irradiation on high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared InGaAs/InAsSb nBn devices is performed. Three different structures with various absorber region doping profiles are irradiated and characterized to assess their impact on performance degradation. Minority carrier lifetime is measured using time-resolved photoluminescence and lifetime damage factors are assessed. The majority carrier concentration is determined via capacitance–voltage measurements and dopant introduction rates are calculated. An analysis of dark current density is performed using these material parameters, revealing a reduction in mobility with proton fluence and the emergence of a proton-induced trap energy level. Quantum efficiency is calculated at each proton fluence, and quantum efficiency damage factors show that the graded doping structure exhibits the least reduction of quantum efficiency with dose, attributed to its effective mobility enhancement. Conclusively, detector sensitivity, assessed via shot-noise limited noise-equivalent irradiance, shows that the graded doping structure is the least susceptible to high energy proton irradiation-induced performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Utility of Shockley–Read–Hall analysis to extract defect properties from semiconductor minority carrier lifetime data.

Author

Webster, P. T., Carrasco, R. A., Newell, A. T., Logan, J. V., Grant, P. C., Maestas, D., and Morath, C. P.

Subjects
ELECTRON-hole recombination, SEMICONDUCTORS, DEBYE temperatures, SEMICONDUCTOR defects, ACTIVATION energy, SUPERLATTICES, INDIUM gallium arsenide
Abstract

The semiconductor minority carrier lifetime contains information about several important material properties, including Shockley–Read–Hall defect levels/concentrations and radiative/Auger recombination rates, and the complex relationships between these parameters produce a non-trivial temperature-dependence of the measured lifetime. It is tempting to fit temperature-dependent lifetime data to extract the properties of the Shockley–Read–Hall recombination centers; however, without a priori knowledge of the distribution of the Shockley–Read–Hall states across the bandgap, this fit problem is under-constrained in most circumstances. Shockley–Read–Hall lifetime data are not well-suited for the extraction of Shockley–Read–Hall defect levels but can be used effectively to extract minority carrier recombination lifetimes. The minority carrier recombination lifetime is observed at temperatures below 100 K in a Si-doped n-type InGaAs/InAsSb superlattice, and deviation from its expected temperature-dependence indicates that the capture cross section of the defect associated with Si-doping has an activation energy of 1.5 meV or a characteristic temperature of 17 K. This lower temperature regime is also preferrable for the analysis of the physics of defect introduction with displacement-damage-generating particle irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Capacitance–voltage modeling of mid-wavelength infrared nBn detectors.

Author

Carrasco, Rigo A., Newell, Alexander T., Alsaad, Zinah M., Logan, Julie V., Duran, Joshua M., Ariyawansa, Gamini, Pinkie, Benjamin, Morath, Christian P., and Webster, Preston T.

Subjects
*INFRARED detectors, *SCHOTTKY barrier diodes, *SEMICONDUCTOR doping, *SEMICONDUCTOR junctions, *FINITE element method, *ELECTRIC capacity, *QUANTUM cascade lasers
Abstract

Capacitance–voltage measurements are a powerful technique to determine doping profiles of semiconductor pn junctions and Schottky barrier diodes. The measurements were recently extended to III-V-based mid-wavelength nBn infrared detectors, and absorber doping densities have been extracted using the widely accepted Schottky approximation, where the potential drop across the device is assumed to be across the depleting absorber layer. However, this approach is limited to when the absorber region of the nBn is under high reverse bias and thus is only able to extract the absorber region doping profile. Here, we introduce a semi-analytical model that is capable of extracting barrier dopant polarity, doping concentration, and thickness, as well as contact and absorber layer doping concentrations, all from a capacitance–voltage measurement. Rather than solely considering the potential drop across the depleting layers, it considers the potential drop across the accumulating layer as well. This negative charge accumulation occurs for the contact and absorber layers in the case of reverse and forward biases, respectively. This allows for a single model to be applied to a capacitance–voltage curve at forward and reverse biases and it can provide regions of bias where the absorber transitions from depletion to accumulation. We compare the agreement of the semianalytical model with modeling results from commercially available finite element method software and experimental capacitance–voltage data. Finally, we show that the method is consistent with the Schottky approximation of extracting absorber doping densities at high reverse bias and discuss the model's limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Alternative Assessment in Seventh- and Eighth-Grade Science: A Longitudinal Study.

Author

Newell, Sigrin T.

Abstract

Practicality is the "Achilles heel" of alternative assessment in middle school science. This 5-year study of an "early adopter" school explores factors that enable alternate assessment to thrive in spite of practical problems. Interviews with five seventh-grade life science teachers and five eighth-grade physical science teachers who initiated and continue to sustain new assessment methods indicate that in the early years they explored many approaches, and were not blamed for problems. Since many aspects worked well, the teachers were convinced by their own experience of students' increased ability to understand and explain science concepts. A collegial atmosphere and administrative support in time and resources helped to sustain the innovation. (Contains 3 figures and 12 references.) (Author/SLD)

Published
1996

12. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Bernardi, P., Caïs, P., Robinson, S., Nelson, T., Gasnault, O., Reess, J.-M., Deleuze, M., Rull, F., Manrique, J.-A., Abbaki, S., Anderson, R. B., André, Y., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Battault, T., Beck, P., Benzerara, K., Bernard, S., Berthias, J.-P., Beyssac, O., Bonafous, M., Bousquet, B., Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro, K., Chapron, F., Chide, B., Clark, K., Clavé, E., Clegg, S., Cloutis, E., Collin, C., Cordoba, E. C., Cousin, A., Dameury, J.-C., D’Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, L., Dehouck, E., Delapp, D., De Los Santos, G., Donny, C., Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, G., Dubois, B., Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, M., Ervin, J., Fabre, C., Fau, A., Fischer, W., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Frydenvang, J., Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, I., Gonzalez, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, J., Hassen-Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, X., Jacquinod, S., Johnson, J. R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, N., Lapauw, L., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q.-M., Legett, IV, C., Leveille, R., Lewin, E., Leyrat, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Lucero, B., Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, S., Madsen, M., Mangold, N., Manni, F., Mariscal, J.-F., Martinez-Frias, J., Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, K. P., McConnochie, T., McLennan, S. M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, N., Meslin, P.-Y., Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, J. M., Mimoun, D., Misra, A., Montagnac, G., Montaron, C., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Mousset, V., Morizet, Y., Murdoch, N., Newell, R. T., Newsom, H., Nguyen Tuong, N., Ollila, A. M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, L., Parisot, J., Parot, Y., Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Pont, G., Poulet, F., Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, B., Rambaud, D., Rapin, W., Romano, P., Roucayrol, L., Royer, C., Ruellan, M., Sandoval, B. F., Sautter, V., Schoppers, M. J., Schröder, S., Seran, H.-C., Sharma, S. K., Sobron, P., Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, V., Standarovsky, D., Storms, S., Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, M., Torre-Fdez, I., Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, M., Venhaus, D., Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, P., and Wong, K. W.

Published
2021
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13. The surface structure and reconstruction of SrTiO3 (001)

Author

Newell, David T.

Subjects
546.3
Abstract

SrTi03 is a metal oxide with a perovskite structure which can support numerous surface reconstructions. On its (001) surface more than 7 reconstructions have been reported previously and substantiated with atomic scale imaging. These reconstructions include surface structures with periodicities of (2 xl), (2 x 2), c(4 X 4), c(4 X 2), c(6 X 2), (J5 x J5) - R26.6° and (V13 x V13) - R37.7°. Each of these reconstructions can be produced in a controlled and repeatable manner simply by changing the time, temperature, and environment in which the sample is annealed. This thesis provides the most comprehensive study of the SrTi03(00l) surface to date and provides STM imaging and chemical characterisation for the majority of the surface reconstructions which have been reported, as well as the conditions required to generate each of the structures. In addition to this work, data is shown for new surface reconstructions which have not been previously reported and include structures with periodicities of (1 xl), (4 X 4), (4V2 x V2) - R45°, and c(4V2 x 2V2) - R45° It was found that upon annealing SrTi03(001) samples at increasingly higher temperatures, the first structures to form are reconstructions which have a Ti02 double layer termination. These structures have periodicities of (2 xl), c(4 x 4) and (2 x 2) and are stable at temperatures up to 950°C. Annealing SrTi03(001) samples above 950°C results in the formation of a Ti-rich adlayer with a c(4 x 4) periodicity. This c(4 x 4) ordered surface exists up to temperatures of 1250 °c and its structure is different to that of the Ti02 double layer which forms at lower temperatures. Above anneal temperatures of 1250 °c, reduction of the sample can pass a critcal stage where the SrTi03 perovskite structure is no longer stable. Phase separation occurs giving rise to TiO islands and a surface Sr adlayer with (J5 x J5) - R26.6° periodicity. Re-annealing (J5 x J5) - R26.6° reconstructed samples below the critical temperature causes the Sradlayer to oxidise becoming a SrO-(l x 1) terminated surface. For Nb doped SrTi03(001) - (J5 x J5) - R26.6° and (1 x 1) reconstructed samples, the clectonic effect of dopants can be seen in STM images as bright four point clusters. These bright clusters arise from the perturbation of surface Sr atoms due to charge transfer from Nb atoms to Ti atoms in the atomic layer immediately beneath the Sr adlayer. For SrTi03(001) samples doped with La, the dopant atoms substitute with Sr atoms and are incorporated into the surface adlayer. This incorporation of La frustrates the formation of the (J5 x J5) - R26.6° reconstruction and leads to line structures arising on the surface which are aligned with the direction of the (J5 x J5) - R26.6° structure. SrTi03 samples annealed in highly reducing conditions, achieved by annealing in low pressures of H2 gas, formed surfaces terminated by a c(4 x 2) structure. SrTi03(001) samples pre-annealed in flowing oxygen produced structures with periodicities of (4V2 x V2) - R45°, (2 x 2), (4 X 4), and c(4V2 x 2V2) - R45°. Chemical characterisation of the reconstructions observed on the surface of SrTi03 samples indicated that samples annealed under reducing conditions had surfaces that were Ti enriched, whilst samples annealed under oxidising conditions had surfaces that were Sr enriched. The experimental work undertaken would suggest that the driving force for the reconstruction of the SrTi03 surface is the amount of oxygen that is in the surface region.

Published
2007

14. Science Teachers' Perspectives on Alternate Assessment.

Author

Newell, Sigrin T.

Abstract

To help determine how the introduction of alternate assessment can be structured to maximize its acceptance and long-term adoption by teachers, a case study was conducted of the introduction of alternate assessment in a suburban middle school in the spring of 1991. Three seventh-grade life science teachers, three eighth-grade physical science teachers, two science supervisors, and one assistant superintendent were interviewed in the course of this study. Interviews were conducted as the middle school science teachers were revising end-of-year activities for their students and including alternative assessment in this revision. Hands-on testing was developed for both grades. On the whole, the teachers were pleased with their initial efforts at alternative assessment. Two factors encouraging sustained adoption of the new approach were dissatisfaction with the status quo and a belief that alternative assessment would help student learning. Concerns about the practical aspects of alternate assessment and resistance to change were two factors likely to tip the balance against alternate assessment. A common theme was the teachers' satisfaction with the fact that they had been given the power to design and conduct the assessment themselves. Four figures present some of the assessment questions and some aspects of test design. There is a 12-item list of references. (SLD)

Published
1992

16. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, IV, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Published
2021
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18. Evidence for ionization damage in mid-wave infrared nBn detectors.

Author

Logan, J. V., Webster, P. T., Helms, L., Grant, P. C., Hains, C., Carrasco, R. A., Newell, A. T., Alsaad, Z., Maestas, D., and Morath, C. P.

Subjects
INFRARED detectors, QUANTUM efficiency, GAMMA rays, PHOTODETECTORS, DETECTORS, PROTONS
Abstract

The effects of 63 MeV proton and 60Co gamma irradiation on the operation of 4.3 μm cutoff nBn photodetectors are demonstrated separately, and both are shown to yield a total ionizing dose (TID) effect. The effect is shown here in an InAsSbBi nBn detector and has been observed in other bulk alloy nBn detectors, and is unusual as it is notably absent in superlattice nBn detectors. The non-antireflection coated detectors exhibit a pre-radiation quantum efficiency of 17% at 3.3 μm wavelength and a dark current density of 50 μA/cm2, or roughly 300× the Rule 07 expectation, at their ideal operating voltage of −0.4 V bias at 150 K. Step-wise proton irradiation and in situ measurement indicate that the dark current increases to about 400× Rule 07 at the highest proton dose level of 150 krad(Si) (9.10 × 1011 p+/cm2), while the quantum efficiency is degraded at a relatively faster rate than the majority of analogous detectors characterized by our lab. Both the photocurrent and dark current are also shown to exhibit a turn-on voltage magnitude reduction of 100 mV following either gamma or proton irradiation, a trend which is attributable to negative trapped charge at the barrier interface (TID effect). This theory is further supported by an observed capacitance density magnitude reduction with dose and affirmed with Silvaco TCAD simulations. Following both proton exposure and subsequent anneal and gamma exposure and subsequent anneal; dark current, photocurrent, and CV all approach their pre-radiation baseline values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Discussion: Prioritize perennial grain development for sustainable food production and environmental benefits

Author

DeHaan, Lee R., Anderson, James A., Bajgain, Prabin, Basche, Andrea, Cattani, Douglas J., Crain, Jared, Crews, Timothy E., David, Christophe, Duchene, Olivier, Gutknecht, Jessica, Hayes, Richard C., Hu, Fengyi, Jungers, Jacob M., Knudsen, Søren, Kong, Wenqian, Larson, Steve, Lundquist, Per-Olof, Luo, Guangbin, Miller, Allison J., Nabukalu, Pheonah, Newell, Matthew T., Olsson, Lennart, Palmgren, Michael, Paterson, Andrew H., Picasso, Valentin D., Poland, Jesse A., Sacks, Erik J., Wang, Shuwen, and Westerbergh, Anna

Published
2023
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22. Demonstration of a 4.32 μm cutoff InAsSbBi nBn photodetector, a lattice-matched random alloy III–V solution for mid-wave infrared sensing.

Author

Webster, P. T., Logan, J. V., Helms, L., Grant, P. C., Hains, C., Carrasco, R. A., Newell, A. T., Milosavljevic, M. S., Johnson, S. R., Balakrishnan, G., Maestas, D., and Morath, C. P.

Subjects
PHOTODETECTORS, QUANTUM efficiency, MOLE fraction, ALLOYS, LOW temperatures, SHOT peening
Abstract

InAsSbBi nBn photodetectors are demonstrated that are lattice-matched to the underlying GaSb substrate with a 4.32 μm wavelength cutoff at 150 K that is 0.3 μm longer than that of lattice-matched InAsSb at this temperature reflecting a 0.5% Bi mole fraction in the InAsSbBi active region. A low growth temperature was utilized to facilitate the incorporation of Bi, resulting in a minority carrier lifetime on the order of 24 ns in the InAsSbBi active region. Nevertheless, the detectors exhibit a quantum efficiency of 17% at 3.3 μm wavelength with a dark current density of 50 μA/cm2 at 150 K and −0.4 V bias and the strong photoresponse turn-on characteristic of a random alloy at 4.32 μm wavelength and 150 K. A shot noise-equivalent irradiance analysis indicates that this detectors' dark-current-limited noise-equivalent irradiance of 1012 cm−2 s−1 is two orders of magnitude greater than the Rule 07 expectation for this cutoff, and dark-current-limited shot noise-equivalent irradiance performance transitions to photon-limited at 1.7 × 1015 photons/cm2 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Legume persistence for grasslands in tableland environments of south-eastern Australia.

Author

Hayes, Richard C., Newell, Matthew T., Li, Guangdi D., Haling, Rebecca E., Harris, Carol A., Culvenor, Richard A., Badgery, Warwick B., Munday, Neil, Price, Andrew, Stutz, Rebecca S., and Simpson, Richard J.

Subjects
*CLOVER, *LEGUMES, *GRASSLANDS, *WHITE clover, *LEGUME farming, *GRASSLAND soils, *ALFALFA, *FIELD research
Abstract

Context: Improving the stability of legumes in grasslands in the face of variable seasonal conditions is key to mitigating risks posed by drought. Aims: We assessed the persistence of a range of legume species and cultivars in order to inform legume choice for pasture improvement and identify priority species for further development. Methods: Twenty field experiments in four series were conducted at sites with contrasting seasonal and soil characteristics in the 'high-rainfall' (560–920 mm long-term average) Tablelands and Monaro regions of New South Wales, Australia. Legumes were grown as pure swards and assessed periodically for seedling density, plant frequency and dry matter for up to 5 years. Key results: Legume dry matter production was positively correlated with plant frequency. However, most legumes persisted poorly at most sites, particularly on soils of lower fertility. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) cv. Goulburn was the best performing cultivar of that species across sites on the Southern Tablelands and Monaro. Yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) cvv. Avila and Yellotas showed promising persistence, particularly under drought conditions. White clover (T. repens) was the most broadly adapted of the perennial legumes across a range of soils, but persistence was still inadequate at many sites. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) was approximately twice as productive as the next-most productive species when soil conditions suited its growth, but it failed to persist on acidic, low-fertility soils. Conclusions: Serradella species (yellow and French, O. sativus) and white clover, in conjunction with subterranean clover, offer the best near-term prospects for diversifying legume productivity and resilience under variable seasonal conditions in tableland environments. Implications: An increased focus on phenology and seed characteristics is suggested to improve the persistence of annual and facultative perennial legume species in grasslands. Serradella and white clover are identified as the highest priorities for cultivar development for tableland environments of south-eastern Australia. This study evaluated the stability and persistence of a range of legume species and cultivars to identify viable options for grasslands of south-eastern Australia. Yellow and French serradella, white clover and subterranean clover were identified as priority species because they are already, or are close to being, viable options for use in grasslands. An increased focus on phenology and seed characteristics is suggested to improve the persistence of white clover and serradella in grasslands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Hard seed breakdown patterns of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) in two contrasting environments of south-eastern Australia.

Author

Newell, Matthew T., Haling, Rebecca E., Hayes, Richard C., Stefanski, Adam, Li, Guangdi D., and Simpson, Richard J.

Subjects
*CLOVER, *CULTIVARS, *SEEDS, *GROWING season, *AUTUMN, *PASTURES
Abstract

Context: There is interest in using serradella (Ornithopus spp.) in permanent pastures of the high rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. However, there is little information concerning levels of hardseededness or patterns of seed softening in these environments. Aim: This study quantified seed softening of serradella species in comparison with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in the Southern Tablelands and Central Slopes districts of eastern Australia. Methods: Mature seeds were placed in mesh pouches on the soil surface and were retrieved periodically to assess residual hard seed proportions throughout the growing season(s) in four experiments conducted over 2018 and 2019. Key results: Patterns of seed softening among adapted cultivars of subterranean clover were consistent: initially high proportions of hard seed, followed by rapid softening from mid-summer to the end of autumn with the remnant portion of seeds remaining hard. In contrast, diverse patterns of seed softening were observed among serradella cultivars, ranging from highly soft-seeded through to high initial hard seed portions that either softened rapidly or softened over a lengthy period. Rates of seed softening were faster in the warmer/drier environment of Cowra compared to the wetter/cooler environment of Canberra. Conclusions: The study revealed seed softening patterns among serradellas to be diverse and different to subterranean clover. This will affect management and suitability of serradella cultivars for permanent pastures. Implications: In permanent pastures, serradellas that soften slowly over several years are likely to have limited regeneration in the year after pasture establishment with a high potential for weed invasion. Serradella has many advantages as a pasture legume, however persistence and productivity in permanent pastures can be inadequate. This study quantified seed softening of serradella species in comparison with subterranean clover in the Southern Tablelands and Central Slopes districts of eastern Australia. Diverse patterns of seed softening were observed among serradella cultivars, in contrast to subterranean clover. Implications for pasture establishment of serradella in high rainfall zone permanent pastures is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Visible wavelength spectroscopy (400-1020 nm) of surface materials at jezero crater, mars, from supercam and mastcam-z

Author

Johnson, J., Leget, C., Wiens, R., Newell R., T., Cloutis, E., Forni, O., Beck, P., Pinet, P.C., Mandon, L., Poulet, F., Mcconnochie, T., Maurice, S., Bell J., F., Rice, M., Horgan, B., Kinch, K., Hayes, A., Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of Winnipeg, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Western Washington University (WWU), Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Cornell University [New York], and Mars-2020

Subjects
spectroscopy, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], rover, visible spectroscopy, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], mars in situ exploration
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

29. Development of a High Min-Entropy Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Amplified Spontaneous Emission.

Author

Duda, Charlotte K., Meier, Kristina A., and Newell, Raymond T.

Subjects
RANDOM number generators, QUANTUM numbers, BINARY sequences, RANDOM numbers, LIGHT sources
Abstract

We present the theory, architecture, and performance characteristics of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) which operates in a PCI express form factor-compatible plug-and-play design. The QRNG relies on a thermal light source (in this case, amplified spontaneous emission), which exhibits photon bunching according to the Bose–Einstein (BE) statistics. We demonstrate that 98.7% of the unprocessed random bit stream min-entropy is traceable to the BE (quantum) signal. The classical component is then removed using a non-reuse shift-XOR protocol, and the final random numbers are generated at a 200 Mbps rate and shown to pass the statistical randomness test suites FIPS 140-2, Alphabit, SmallCrush, DIEHARD, and Rabbit of the TestU01 library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
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30. Effects of doping and minority carrier lifetime on mid-wave infrared InGaAs/InAsSb superlattice nBn detector performance.

Author

Newell, A. T., Logan, J. V., Carrasco, R. A., Alsaad, Z. M., Hains, C. P., Duran, J. M., Ariyawansa, G., Balakrishnan, G., Maestas, D., Morath, C. P., Hawkins, S. D., Hendrickson, A., and Webster, P. T.

Subjects
*INDIUM gallium arsenide, *MOLECULAR beam epitaxy, *CARRIER density, *QUANTUM efficiency, *DETECTORS, *QUANTUM noise, *SOLAR spectra, *PHOTOCATHODES
Abstract

The effect of majority carrier concentration and minority carrier lifetime on the performance of mid-wave infrared ( λ cutoff = 5.5 μ m) nBn detectors with variably doped InGaAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice absorbers is investigated. The detector layer structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy such that their absorbing layers are either undoped, uniformly doped with a target density of 4 × 1015 cm−3, or doped with a graded profile, and variable-area mesa detector arrays are fabricated. Each material's temperature-dependent minority carrier lifetime is determined by time-resolved photoluminescence, and majority carrier concentration is extracted from capacitance–voltage measurements. Detector performance is evaluated with dark current and photocurrent measurements, from which quantum efficiency and shot-noise-limited noise-equivalent irradiance are calculated. The two doped detectors have lower dark current densities compared to their undoped counterpart due to the reduction in diffusion current as well as suppression of depletion current. Although both intentionally doped devices exhibit lower minority carrier lifetimes relative to the undoped device, the device with graded doping maintains a comparable quantum efficiency to the undoped device. Ultimately, the graded doping structure exhibits the highest sensitivity with a shot noise-limited noise-equivalent irradiance of 6.3 × 1010 photons/cm2 s in low-background light conditions, within a factor of 4× of an infrared detector pixel with Rule 07 dark current density and unity quantum efficiency. A detailed analysis of the dark current, quantum efficiency, and minority carrier lifetime provides insight into the material and device design factors that must be considered to realize a device with optimal sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
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31. Practical Inquiry: Collaboration and Reflection in Teacher Education Reform.

Author

Newell, Sigrin T.

Abstract

To explore the implications of recommendations from national reports on teacher education reform, a university course was designed for teachers using practical inquiry to structure the use of craft knowledge, collaboration, and reflection. Participating teachers reported that they gained confidence in their teaching choices through the course. (Author/SM)

Published
1996

33. Directions for Research and Development: Alternative Methods of Assessing Scientific Literacy.

Author

Champagne, Audrey B. and Newell, Sigrin T.

Abstract

Lays out an agenda for developing assessment tools and researching their effectiveness. Series of design tasks is proposed, with related research questions. Needed theoretical research includes studies of the effects of alternative assessment on policy and practice as well as the development of new psychometric techniques. Influences of new assessment forms on learning and motivation theory are also discussed. (Author/PR)

Published
1992

41. Mars Atmospheric Science with SuperCam's Visible and Near-Infrared Passive Spectroscopy Modes

Author

Mcconnochie, Timothy H., Fouchet, Thierry, Montmessin, Franck, Beck, P., Chide, B., Francis, R., Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Legett, C., Lemmon, Mark T., Maurice, Sylestre, Newell, R. T., Newman, C. E., Venhaus, D. M., Wiens, Roger, Wolff, Michael J., Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Aeolis Research

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We present plans to use SuperCam's passive visible and near-infrared ("VISIR") spectroscopy technique for atmospheric science by observing solar radiation scattered by the martian sky. Measurement objectives include O2, CO, H20, and aerosols.

Published
2021

42. SuperCam on the Perseverance Rover for Exploration of Jezero Crater: Remote LIBS, VISIR, Raman, and Time-Resolved Luminescence Spectroscopies Plus Micro-Imaging and Acoustics

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, O., Anderson, Ryan B., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonal, L., Clegg, Samuel M., DeFlores, Lauren, Dromart, G, Fischer, W. W., Forni, Olivier, Grotzinger, J. P., Johnson, J. R., Martinez-Frias, J., Mangold, Nicolas, McLennan, S., Montmessin, Franck, Rull, Fernando, Sharma, Shiv K., Cousin, Agnès, Pilleri, Paolo, Sautter, V, Lewin, E, Cloutis, E., Poulet, F., Bernard, Sylvain, McConnochie, T., Lanza, N., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Leveille, R., Le Mouelic, S., Lasue, J, Melikechi, N., Meslin, P-Y, Grasset, O, Angel, S. M., Fouchet, T., Beck, Pierre, Bousquet, Bruno, Fabre, C., Pinet, P., Benzerara, K., Montagnac, Gilles, Arana, Gorka, Castro, Kepa, Laserna, Javier, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Lopez, G., Lorenz, R., Mimoun, D., Acosta-Maeda, T., Alvarez, C., Dehouck, E., Delory, G., Doressoundiram, A., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gabriel, T. S. J., Jacob, Xavier, Madsen, M. B., Moros, J., Murdoch, N, Newell, Raymond T., Porter, J. M., Quantin-Nataf, C., Rapin, William, Schröder, Susanne, Sobron, Pablo, Toplis, M., Brown, A.J., Veneranda, M., Chide, Baptiste, Legett, Carey, Royer, Clement, Stott, A., Vogt, David, Robinson, Scott H., DeLapp, D., Clave, E., Connell, S., Essunfeld, A., Gallegos, Z., Garcia-Florentino, C., Gibbons, E., Huidobro, J., Kelly, E., Kalucha, H., Ruiz, P., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Shkolyar, Svetlana, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Winnipeg, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Lyon, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), Plancius Research LLC, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Cardon, Catherine, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Málaga, and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars2020 SuperCam Perseverance Mars Planetenforschung Spektroskopie Kamera Laser, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. SUPERCAM VISIBLE/NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ONBOARD THE PERSEVERANCE ROVER

Author

Fouchet, Thierry, Johnson, J. R., Forni, O., Reess, J.-M., Bernardi, P., Newell, R. T., Ollila, A., Legett, C., Beck, P., Cousin, A., Royer, C., Pilorget, C., Poulet, F., Pilleri, P., Cloutis, E., Mcconnochie, T., Montmessin, Franck, Brown, A. J., Wiens, R. C., Maurice, S., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Winnipeg, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; We will present the science objectives and intrument performances of the passive visible/infrared spectroscopy function of the SuperCam instrument suite. We will report on the first spectra that should have been acquired by the time of the conference.

Published
2021

45. Anti-planetward auroral electron beams at Saturn

Author

Saur, J., Mauk, B. H., Mitchell, D. G., Krupp, N., Khurana, K. K., Livi, S., Krimigis, S. M., Newell, P. T., Williams, D. J., Brandt, P. C., Lagg, A., Roussos, E., and Dougherty, M. K.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): J. Saur (corresponding author) [1, 5]; B. H. Mauk [1]; D. G. Mitchell [1]; N. Krupp [2]; K. K. Khurana [3]; S. Livi [1]; S. M. Krimigis [1]; P. [...]

Published
2006
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47. Consequences of changing spatial configuration at sowing in the transitions between crop and pasture phases.

Author

Hayes, Richard C., Newell, Matthew T., Swan, Anthony D., Peoples, Mark B., Pembleton, Keith G., and Li, Guangdi D.

Subjects
*PASTURE plants, *COVER crops, *ENERGY crops, *SOWING, *BARLEY, *RAPESEED
Abstract

Prospects for improving the productivity of species mixtures in transitions between phases by changing row configuration at sowing were examined in two series of field experiments in rain-fed, semi-arid environments in south-eastern Australia. The first series explored how the choice of cover crop and use of alternate drill row configurations affected establishment and yields of sward components in the transition from a cropping into a pasture phase. Cover-crop species included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), c anola (Brassica napus L.) a nd l upins (Lupinus augustifolius L.), e ach s own i n m ixed o r a lternate d rill r ows w ith l ucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). The second series of experiments examined the productivity implications when returning from the pasture phase back into cropping following 10 contrasting pastures sown to various combinations of lucerne, subterranean clover or phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) sown in mixed, alternate (1:1) or double skip (1:2) row configurations in the absence of cover crops. All experiments were sown on a 0.25-m row spacing. In the transition into the pasture phase, grain yields of cover crops in the mixed drill row treatment were similar to those achieved by crops grown in the absence of pasture species but were reduced by an average of 24% in the alternate drill row configuration. Canola and lupin crop biomass were lower, compared with wheat and barley, leading to increased pasture yields in year 1, highlighting an opportunity for increased use of these species as cover/companion crops in semi-arid environments. Pasture yields beyond year 1 were reduced by ~20% in the alternate drill row treatments compared with where species were sown in mixed drill rows, with greater yield differences under more favourable growing conditions. This response largely reflected yield reductions in lucerne where it was concentrated in fewer drill rows. The alternate drill row configuration increased the abundance of subterranean clover in year 1, but this species remained a minor component of all swards beyond the establishment year. In the transition into the cropping phase, effects on grain quality could only be attributed to row configuration of the previous pasture to the extent that row configuration changed pasture composition. Grain size was smallest and protein concentration highest where previous pastures contained both lucerne and subterranean clover without phalaris. Taken together, there was little advantage in total productivity attributable to spatially separating species in drill rows at sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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