112 results on '"Mora, Marcos"'
Search Results
2. Rethinking the international competitiveness of olive oil in Spain and Chile: governance of sustainable practices.
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Boza, Sofía, Núñez-Mejía, Aracely, and Mora, Marcos
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SUSTAINABILITY ,OLIVE oil ,POLICY sciences ,MARKET share ,CONSUMER preferences ,SUBSIDIES ,MIXED methods research - Abstract
The international competitiveness of agri-food products is crucial for the economic growth of exporting countries, which is also closely related to critical aspects of sustainable development. This research aims to comprehensively understand the factors of international competitiveness in two contrasting cases: Spain as the world's leading exporter and Chile as an emerging exporter of olive oil. This study takes a novel approach by including the governance of sustainable practices as part of the framework for analyzing international competitiveness. A mixed research method was used: firstly, quantitative indicators were estimated to compare the levels of international competitiveness of both countries; secondly, a qualitative analysis was carried out to analyze in depth the determinants of international competitiveness based on Porter's Diamond Model. The results show that Spain has solidified its position as the world's leading olive oil exporter. On the other hand, Chile still has a small market share; however, it already achieved its revealed comparative advantage in 2015. The potential causes of this performance were determined by the comparative study of the determinants of the competitiveness of Porter's diamond model; "Factor conditions", "Demand conditions", "Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry", "Related and supporting industries", "Government" and "Chance". In addition, both countries show the adoption of sustainable practices in their exports driven by subsidy policies, informal conventions, and consumer preferences. Finally, some relevant implications for management and public policy are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Proximity as determinant of business cooperation for technological and non-technological innovations: a study of an agribusiness cluster
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Geldes, Cristian, Heredia, Jorge, Felzensztein, Christian, and Mora, Marcos
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- 2017
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4. Dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in male university students
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Orellana, Ligia, Grunert, Klaus G., Sepúlveda, José, Lobos, Germán, Denegri, Marianela, Miranda, Horacio, Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, Mora, Marcos, Etchebarne, Soledad, Salinas-Oñate, Natalia, and Schnettler, Berta
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- 2016
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5. Segmentation of consumer preference for food safety label on vegetables : Consumer profiles in central and south central Chile
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Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, Sanchez, Mercedes, Mora, Marcos, Schnettler, Berta, Lobos, German, and Díaz, José
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- 2016
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6. Happiness and health and food-related variables: Evidence for different age groups in Chile
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Lobos, Germán, Mora, Marcos, Lapo, María del Carmen, Caligari, Constanza, and Schnettler, Berta
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- 2015
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7. Eating habits and subjective well-being. A typology of students in Chilean state universities
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Schnettler, Berta, Miranda, Horacio, Lobos, Germán, Orellana, Ligia, Sepúlveda, José, Denegri, Marianela, Etchebarne, Soledad, Mora, Marcos, and Grunert, Klaus G.
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- 2015
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8. Characteristics and attitudes of small-scale vegetable farmers in Chile/Caracteristicas e atitudes de pequenos agricultores de hortalicas no Chile
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Boza, Sofia, Cortes, Maruja, Prieto, Carmen, Eulogio, Tomas Francisco Munoz, and Mora, Marcos
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- 2020
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9. Food neophobia, nanotechnology and satisfaction with life
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Schnettler, Berta, Crisóstomo, Gloria, Sepúlveda, José, Mora, Marcos, Lobos, Germán, Miranda, Horacio, and Grunert, Klaus G.
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- 2013
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10. Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction With Food-Related Life Scale: Application in Southern Chile
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Schnettler, Berta, Miranda, Horacio, Sepúlveda, José, Denegri, Marianela, Mora, Marcos, Lobos, Germán, and Grunert, Klaus G.
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- 2013
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11. Acculturation and consumption of foodstuffs among the main indigenous people in Chile
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Schnettler, Berta, Miranda, Horacio, Mora, Marcos, Lobos, Germán, Viviani, Jean-Laurent, Sepúlveda, José, Orellana, Ligia, and Denegri, Marianela
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- 2013
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12. Explorando las actitudes y estrategias de los horticultores periurbanos en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago
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Boza, Sofía, Mora, Marcos, Nuñez, Aracely, Espinoza, Macarena, and Orellana, Karina
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Geography, Planning and Development ,Vegetable growing ,Peri-urban farming ,Chile ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,General Environmental Science ,Metropolitan Region ,Horticultura ,Agricultura periurbana ,Región Metropolitana - Abstract
[EN] Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and to identify different profiles. We surveyed in person 170 farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results suggestthat different characteristics and strategies are concomitant to certain attitudes that vegetable growers hold towards key aspects such as innovation or willingness to associate., [ES] La horticultura es común en la agricultura periurbana, en la cual los productos pueden ser vendidos en urbes próximas, como el caso de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS). Esta investigación tiene por objeto explorar las estrategias productivas, comerciales y de gestión, así como las actitudes, de los pequeños horticultores en la RMS e identificar perfiles. Se encuestó en persona a 170 agricultores. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes características y estrategias son concomitantes a las actitudes de los horticultoresrespecto a aspectos como la innovación o la voluntad de asociarse., Financial support from the Corporación de Fomento de la Producción, CORFO (Chilean Economic Development Agency) and the Servicio Ministerial de Agricultura Metropolitano (Metropolitan Ministerial Agriculture Service) for the project PTI Hortícola is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank to all the professionals who collaborated in the application and typing of surveys.
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- 2022
13. Exploring the attitudes and strategies of peri-urban vegetable growers in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile
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Boza, Sofia, Mora, Marcos, Núñez, Aracely, Espinoza, Macarena, and Orellana, Karina
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horticultura ,agricultura periurbana ,Agribusiness ,Chile ,vegetable growing ,peri-urban farming ,Metropolitan Region ,Región Metropolitana - Abstract
[EN] Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and to identify different profiles. We surveyed in person 170 farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results sug-gest that different characteristics and strategies are concomitant to certain attitudes that vegetable growers hold towards key aspects such as innovation or willingness to associate. [ES] La horticultura es común en la agricultura periurbana, en la cual los productos pueden ser vendidos en urbes próximas, como el caso de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS). Esta in-vestigación tiene por objeto explorar las estrategias productivas, comerciales y de gestión, así como las actitudes, de los pequeños horticultores en la RMS e identificar perfiles. Se encuestó en persona a 170 agricultores. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes características y estrategias son concomitantes a las actitudes de los horticul-tores respecto a aspectos como la innovación o la voluntad de asociarse., https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2022.01.03
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- 2022
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14. Including risk in economic feasibility analysis: a stochastic simulation model for blueberry investment decisions in Chile/Incluyendo el riesgo en el análisis de viabilidad económica: un modelo de simulación estocástica para decisiones de inversión en arándanos en Chile
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Lobos, German, Mora, Marcos, Saens, Rodrigo, Munoz, Tristan, and Schnettler, Berta
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- 2015
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15. The LeuO regulator and quiescence: About transcriptional roadblocks, multiple promoters, and crispr‐cas.
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Sánchez‐Popoca, Diego, Serrano‐Fujarte, Isela, Fernández‐Mora, Marcos, and Calva, Edmundo
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CRISPRS ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,GENETIC regulation ,RNA polymerases - Abstract
LeuO is a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator in bacteria. It determines the regulation of numerous genes related to stress response and virulence. Thus, four exciting areas of research are discussed herein. One pertains the leuO gene, which in S. Typhi and in E. coli contains multiple forward promoters as well as reverse promoters, even though it is expressed at very low levels, that is, it is quiescent. Such multiplicity might allow for a greater plasticity in regulation, or even aid in maintaining the quiescence, in processes that appear to involve many nucleoid‐associated proteins in a second area of opportunity. A third one relates to the effector‐binding domain of the LeuO regulator, which is highly conserved in S. enterica and in E. coli and determines its activity as a regulator of transcription. A fourth area regards the role of the CRISPR‐Cas system in gene regulation in S. Typhi; a system that is regulated by LeuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Satisfaction with Life and Food-Related Life in Persons of the Mapuche Ethnic Group in Southern Chile: A Comparative Analysis Using Logit and Probit Models
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Schnettler, Berta, Miranda, Horacio, Sepúlveda, José, Denegri, Marianela, Mora, Marcos, and Lobos, Germán
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- 2012
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17. OmpR and LeuO positively regulate the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ompS2 porin gene
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Fernandez-Mora, Marcos, Puente, Jose Luis, and Calva, Edmundo
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Porins -- Research ,Genetic regulation -- Research ,Membrane proteins -- Research ,Salmonella enteritidis -- Research ,Salmonella enteritidis -- Physiological aspects ,Salmonella enteritidis -- Genetic aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ompS2 gene codes for a 362-amino-acid outer membrane protein that contains motifs common to the porin superfamily. It is expressed at very low levels compared to the major OmpC and OmpF porins, as observed for S. enterica serovar Typhi OmpS1, Escherichia coli OmpN, and Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpK37 quiescent porins. A region of 316 bp, between nucleotides -413 and -97 upstream of the transcriptional start point, is involved in negative regulation, as its removal resulted in a 10-fold increase in ompS2 expression in an S. enterica serovar Typhi wild-type strain. This enhancement in expression was not observed in isogenic mutant strains, which had specific deletions of the regulatory ompB (ompR envZ) operon. Furthermore, ompS2 expression was substantially reduced in the presence of the OmpR D55A mutant, altered in the major phosphorylation site. Upon random mutagenesis, a mutant where the transposon had inserted into the upstream regulatory region of the gene coding for the LeuO regulator, showed an increased level of ompS2 expression. Augmented expression of ompS2 was also obtained upon addition of cloned leuO to the wild-type strain, but not in an ompR isogenic derivative, consistent with the notion that the transposon insertion had increased the cellular levels of LeuO and with the observed dependence on OmpR. Moreover, LeuO and OmpR bound in close proximity, but independently, to the 5' upstream regulatory region. Thus, the OmpR and LeuO regulators positively regulate ompS2.
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- 2004
18. Salmonella Typhi OmpS1 and OmpS2 porins are potent protective immunogens with adjuvant properties
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Moreno-Eutimio, Mario A., Tenorio-Calvo, Alejandra, Pastelin-Palacios, Rodolfo, Perez-Shibayama, Christian, Gil-Cruz, Cristina, López-Santiago, Rubén, Baeza, Isabel, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Bonifaz, Laura, Isibasi, Armando, Calva, Edmundo, and López-Macías, Constantino
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- 2013
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19. La reticencia de los agricultores familiares respecto a su inserción en la economía formal
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Boza, Sofia, Mora, Marcos, Osorio, Franco, and Muñoz, Jazmín
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Farmer's attitudes ,informal economy ,Agricultural and Food Policy ,small-scale and family farming ,Chile - Abstract
Informal economy is particularly prevalent in small-scale farming, yet little attention has been paid to it so far. This article aims to contribute to a further understanding of this phenomenon. A survey of family farmers located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, was conducted. The data collected were processed using descriptive and multivariate techniques, factor and cluster analysis. Results show that farmers perceive formalization as a complex process which entails unpleasant obligations, and that they do not consider it necessary. There are some distinctions, however, that allow two clusters to be identified: “Favorable” (18.82 %) and “Reluctant” (81.18 %).
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- 2019
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20. Effects of food-related health concerns and risk perception on the consumption frequency of fresh vegetables
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Adasme Berríos, Cristian, Sánchez García, Mercedes, Mora, Marcos, Díaz Osorio, José, Schnettler, Berta, Lobos, Germán, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Gestión de Empresas, and Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Enpresen Kudeaketa Saila
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Efecto moderador ,Vegetales frescos ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,Fresh vegetables ,lcsh:S ,Agriculture ,Structural equation model (SEM) ,TP368-456 ,Moderator effect ,Food processing and manufacture ,Food safety ,lcsh:Agriculture ,lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,Inocuidad alimentaria ,Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) ,Consumers - Abstract
Consumir vegetales frescos sin duda trae beneficios a la salud, sin embargo, este tipo de productos también pueden contener elementos biológicos, químicos y tecnológicos que afecten la salud de las personas por falta de inocuidad de los alimentos. Con base en estudios previos, desarrollamos un modelo conceptual para explicar las principales relaciones entre la preocupación en salud ligada a los alimentos (FHC) y la percepción de riesgo (RP) sobre la frecuencia de consumo de hortalizas frescas (CFFV) desde el punto de vista de la inocuidad alimentaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a 1028 consumidores en las zonas Centro y Centro Sur de Chile, donde se concentran los principales sistemas de producción agrícola del país. A través de un modelo de ecua-ciones estructurales se determinó el efecto moderador de RP sobre la relación entre FHC y CFFV, lo que significa que CFFV es menor si RP está presente en las mentes de las personas. Impactando el efecto directo de FHC en CFFV. Por último, los resultados sugieren que la reducción de los riesgos asociados con la producción y comerciali-zación de hortalizas frescas, mejorará la preocupacióndebe mejorar los sistemas de vigilancia de las hortalizas frescas comercializadas en el mercado local. Consuming fresh vegetables certainly brings health benefits; however, these types of products may also contain biological, chemical and technological elements that can affect people ́s health due to lack of food safety. We developed a conceptual model to explain the main relationships between food-related health concerns (FHCs) and risk perceptions (RPs) on consumption frequency of fresh vegetables (CFFV) from a food safety point of view. We applied a structured questionnaire to 1028 consumers in the Central and South Central zones of Chile, where the main agricultural production of the country is concentrated. Through a structural equation model, we determined the moderator effect of RP on the relationship between FHC and CFFV. As a result, CFFV is less if RP is present in the minds of the consumer, impacting the direct effect of FHC on CFFV. Finally, our results suggest that reducing risks associated with the production and commercialization of fresh vegetables can improve health concerns related to food and the consumption of fresh vegetables. Therefore, the state must improve surveillance systems of fresh vegetables commercialized in local markets. This study was financed by the Agricultural Science PhD Program, Universidad de Talca and the Office of the Vice-Rector for Research and Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile.
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- 2019
21. LeuO antagonizes H-NS and StpA-dependent repression in Salmonella enterica ompS1
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De la Cruz, Miguel Ángel, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Guadarrama, Carmen, Flores-Valdez, Mario Alberto, Bustamante, Víctor H., Vázquez, Alejandra, and Calva, Edmundo
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- 2007
22. Analyzing food-related life satisfaction and other predictors of life satisfaction in central Chile
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Schnettler, Berta, Lobos, Germán, Orellana, Ligia, Grunert, Klaus, Sepúlveda, José, Mora, Marcos, Denegri, Marianela, and Miranda, Horacio
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- 2015
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23. Perceived quality of and satisfaction from sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) in China: Confirming relationships through structural equations
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Chiang, Andrés, Schnettler, Berta, Mora, Marcos, and Aguilera, Mauricio
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sweet cherries ,satisfaction ,satisfacción ,modelos de ecuaciones estructurales ,cerezas dulces ,Calidad percibida ,Perceived quality ,structural equations modeling - Abstract
In recent years, Chile has been the Chinese market's main supplier of fresh sweet cherries. The aim of this study was to develop a relational model with two working hypotheses to model Chinese consumer satisfaction with sweet cherries as a result of the quality perceived by intrinsic and extrinsic attributes. One hundred and ninety-three buyers in the Sanyuanli Market in the Chaoyang District, Beijing, were surveyed using closed-ended questions on a Likert scale. To develop a model that fulfilled the indicated objective, an exploratory factor analysis and a subsequent system of structural equations were used to confirm the relationships, presenting an adequate goodness-of-fit test to accept the model according to the literature. Among the main results, it was determined that consumer satisfaction with sweet cherries is explained by the perceived intrinsic quality, where medium size and color are the determining attributes, and the product price, Chilean origin and delivery time explain the perceived extrinsic quality (critical ratio of 2.937 and p-value of 0.003). Finally, the intrinsic quality positively and significantly influences Chinese consumer satisfaction with sweet cherries, in contrast to the results for perceived extrinsic quality, which are not statistically significant. Resumen En los últimos años Chile se ha constituido en el principal proveedor de cerezas frescas del mercado chino. El objetivo de este trabajo es modelar la satisfacción de consumidores chinos por cerezas frescas, como consecuencia de la calidad percibida a través de atributos intrínsecos y extrínsecos, desarrollando un modelo relacional con dos hipótesis de trabajo. Se aplicaron encuestas a 193 compradores del mercado de Sanyuanli, distrito de Chaoyang, ciudad de Beijing, considerando preguntas cerradas medidas en escala de Likert. Para desarrollar un modelo que cumpla con el objetivo señalado se empleó un análisis factorial exploratorio y posteriormente para confirmar las relaciones un sistema de ecuaciones estructurales, presentando un análisis de bondad de ajuste adecuado para aceptar el modelo según literatura. Entre los resultados principales, se determinó con un ratio crítico de 2.937 y un P-value de 0.003 que la satisfacción de los consumidores de cerezas frescas se explica a partir de la calidad percibida intrínseca, donde el tamaño mediano y el color corresponden a los atributos determinantes de ésta y el precio, el origen chileno y el tiempo de entrega del producto explican la calidad percibida extrínseca. Finalmente, se concluye que la calidad intrínseca influye de forma positiva y significativa en la satisfacción de los consumidores chinos de cerezas frescas en contraste con la calidad percibida extrínseca, la que no logra ser estadísticamente significativa.
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- 2018
24. Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 is associated with two types of IncA/C plasmids carrying multiple resistance determinants
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Zaidi Mussaret B, Campos Freddy, Cevallos Miguel A, Fernández-Mora Marcos, Calva Edmundo, Wiesner Magdalena, and Silva Claudia
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 was first detected in the Mexican Typhimurium population in 2001. It is associated with a multi-drug resistance phenotype and a plasmid-borne blaCMY-2 gene conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The objective of the current study was to examine the association between the ST213 genotype and blaCMY-2 plasmids. Results The blaCMY-2 gene was carried by an IncA/C plasmid. ST213 strains lacking the blaCMY-2 gene carried a different IncA/C plasmid. PCR analysis of seven DNA regions distributed throughout the plasmids showed that these IncA/C plasmids were related, but the presence and absence of DNA stretches produced two divergent types I and II. A class 1 integron (dfrA12, orfF and aadA2) was detected in most of the type I plasmids. Type I contained all the plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2 gene and a subset of plasmids lacking blaCMY-2. Type II included all of the remaining blaCMY-2-negative plasmids. A sequence comparison of the seven DNA regions showed that both types were closely related to IncA/C plasmids found in Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia, Photobacterium, Vibrio and Aeromonas. Analysis of our Typhimurium strains showed that the region containing the blaCMY-2 gene is inserted between traA and traC as a single copy, like in the E. coli plasmid pAR060302. The floR allele was identical to that of Newport pSN254, suggesting a mosaic pattern of ancestry with plasmids from other Salmonella serovars and E. coli. Only one of the tested strains was able to conjugate the IncA/C plasmid at very low frequencies (10-7 to 10-9). The lack of conjugation ability of our IncA/C plasmids agrees with the clonal dissemination trend suggested by the chromosomal backgrounds and plasmid pattern associations. Conclusions The ecological success of the newly emerging Typhimurium ST213 genotype in Mexico may be related to the carriage of IncA/C plasmids. We conclude that types I and II of IncA/C plasmids originated from a common ancestor and that the insertion and deletion of DNA stretches have shaped their evolutionary histories.
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- 2011
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25. Association of virulence plasmid and antibiotic resistance determinants with chromosomal multilocus genotypes in Mexican Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains
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Silva Claudia, Calva Juan J, Fernández-Mora Marcos, Calva Edmundo, Zaidi Mussaret B, and Wiesner Magdalena
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Bacterial genomes are mosaic structures composed of genes present in every strain of the same species (core genome), and genes present in some but not all strains of a species (accessory genome). The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of core and accessory genes of a Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Typhimurium) population isolated from food-animal and human sources in four regions of Mexico. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and macrorestriction fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to address the core genetic variation, and genes involved in pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance were selected to evaluate the accessory genome. Results We found a low genetic diversity for both housekeeping and accessory genes. Sequence type 19 (ST19) was supported as the founder genotype of STs 213, 302 and 429. We found a temporal pattern in which the derived ST213 is replacing the founder ST19 in the four geographic regions analyzed and a geographic trend in the number of resistance determinants. The distribution of the accessory genes was not random among chromosomal genotypes. We detected strong associations among the different accessory genes and the multilocus chromosomal genotypes (STs). First, the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSTV) was found mostly in ST19 isolates. Second, the plasmid-borne betalactamase cmy-2 was found only in ST213 isolates. Third, the most abundant integron, IP-1 (dfrA12, orfF and aadA2), was found only in ST213 isolates. Fourth, the Salmonella genomic island (SGI1) was found mainly in a subgroup of ST19 isolates carrying pSTV. The mapping of accessory genes and multilocus genotypes on the dendrogram derived from macrorestiction fingerprints allowed the establishment of genetic subgroups within the population. Conclusion Despite the low levels of genetic diversity of core and accessory genes, the non-random distribution of the accessory genes across chromosomal backgrounds allowed us to discover genetic subgroups within the population. This study provides information about the importance of the accessory genome in generating genetic variability within a bacterial population.
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- 2009
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26. Efecto 'país de origen' y etnocentrismo en la compra de alimentos en el sur de Chile
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Schnettler, Berta, Sánchez García, Mercedes, Miranda, Horacio, Orellana, Ligia, Sepúlveda, José, Mora, Marcos, Lobos, Germán, Hueche, Clementina, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Gestión de Empresas, and Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Enpresen Kudeaketa Saila
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Segmentos de mercado ,Origin ,Ethnocentrism ,Consumo de alimentos ,Food consumption ,Chile ,Market segments ,Etnocentrismo ,Origen - Abstract
Este estudio buscó determinar la importancia relativa del país de origen en la elección de cuatro alimentos (arroz, azúcar, carne de pollo y aceite); identificar segmentos de consumidores, y evaluar qué variables sociodemográficas afectan el etnocentrismo en el consumo de alimentos, a través de una encuesta respondida por 800 compradores habituales de supermercados en el sur de Chile. Se obtuvo que el país de origen fue el atributo de mayor importancia en la elección de los cuatro alimentos. Se distinguieron tres segmentos de consumidores que asignaron diferente importancia al país de origen, aun cuando en dos de ellos el país de origen tuvo elevada relevancia en la elección. Los consumidores de los tres segmentos prefirieron los alimentos chilenos y expresaron una menor preferencia hacia los alimentos importados desde países más lejanos y diferentes culturalmente de Chile. Los segmentos difirieron significativamente según la frecuencia de compra de alimentos importados, razones para preferir comprar alimentos importados y etnocentrismo. Se obtuvo que si la persona es mujer, si es de mayor edad, pertenece al nivel socioeconómico medio o alto y posee un estilo de vida conservador, aumenta la probabilidad de que sea etnocéntrico en el consumo de alimentos. This study sought to determine the relative importance of the country of origin in the selection of four foodstuffs (rice, sugar, chicken meat and oil); to identify consumer segments; and to evaluate which sociodemographic variables affect ethnocentrism in food consumption, through a survey responded by 800 habitual supermarket shoppers in southern Chile. It was determined that the country of origin was the most important attribute in the selection of the four foods. Three consumer segments were distinguished which assigned a different degree of importance to the country of origin, although in two segments the country of origin was highly important in the purchase choice. The consumers of the three segments preferred Chilean foods and expressed a lower preference for food imported from countries that were farther away and more culturally different from Chile. The segments differed significantly in the frequency of purchase of imported foods, reasons for preferring to buy imported foods, and ethnocentrism. It was found that if the respondent was a woman, of older age, belonged to the medium or high socioeconomic level, and had a conservative lifestyle, the probability of being ethnocentric in food consumption increased. The results presented correspond to Fondecyt Projects 1080146 and 1100611. The authors also acknowledge the financial support from Project AGL2012-39793-C03-01 (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); co-financed by FEDER.
- Published
- 2017
27. Dietary restraint and subjective well-being in university students in Chile
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Schnettler, Berta, Horacio, Miranda, Sepúlveda, José, Orellana, Ligia, Etchebarne, Soledad, Germán, Lobos, Mora, Marcos, Denegri, Marianela, and Grunert, Klaus G
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Male ,Universities ,Satisfacción con la vida ,Food restraint ,Feeding Behavior ,Personal Satisfaction ,Restricción alimentaria ,Diet ,Salud mental ,Young Adult ,lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Mental health ,Female ,Chile ,Students ,Satisfacción con la alimentación ,lcsh:RC620-627 ,Satisfaction with life ,Satisfaction with food - Abstract
To characterize university students typologies according to chronic food restriction, satisfaction with life and food consumption.A questionnaire was applied on a non-probability sample of 369 male and female students from five Chilean universities. The questionnaire included: Revised Restraint Scale (RRS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) and the Health-related Quality of Life Index. The survey included food and drink consumption habits, weight and approximate height and sociodemographic variables.Two factors in the RRS were detected by exploratory factor analysis: Preoccupation with Diet (PD) and Weight fluctuations (WF). A confirmatory factor analysis validated the bifactor structure of the RRS with an acceptable adjustment kindness. The cluster analysis allowed a distinction of four typologies with a significant variation in PD, WF, SWLS and SWFL scoring, number of days with mental health problems, frequency of alcoholic drinks consumption, restraint on the consumption of certain foods, drinks and spices, consumption frequency of fruit out of the main meals and types. Typologies did not differ on their body mass index.Both, students preoccupied with diet and those who are not, experience higher levels of satisfaction with life and with food. Lower levels of global life satisfaction and satisfaction with food are related with the fluctuations in weight.Caracterizar tipologías de estudiantes universitarios según restricción alimentaria crónica, satisfacción con la vida y con la alimentación.Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no probabilística de 369 estudiantes de ambos géneros de cinco universidades de Chile. El cuestionario incluyó: Escala Revisada de Restricción Alimentaria (RRS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) y el Índice de Calidad de Vida relativo a la Salud. Se consultaron hábitos de consumo de alimentos y bebidas, peso y estatura aproximada y variables sociodemográficas.Mediante análisis factorial exploratorio se detectaron dos factores en la RRS: Preocupación por la Dieta (PD) y Fluctuaciones de Peso (FP). Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio se validó la estructura bifactorial de la RRS con una aceptable bondad de ajuste. Mediante análisis clúster se distinguieron cuatro tipologías que difirieron significativamente en los puntajes de PD y FP, los puntajes de la SWLS y SWFL, número de días con problemas de salud mental, frecuencia de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, restricción del consumo de algunos alimentos, bebidas y condimentos, frecuencia de consumo de fruta a deshora y género. Las tipologías no difirieron en su índice de masa corporal.Tanto los estudiantes que se preocupan por la dieta como los que no, experimentan mayores niveles satisfacción con la vida y con su alimentación. Menores niveles de satisfacción global y en el dominio de la alimentación se relacionan con las fluctuaciones de peso.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Olive oil and the millennial generation in Chile. What do these consumers consider when buying this product?
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Mora, Marcos, Schnettler, Berta, Lobos, Germán, Geldes, Cristian, Boza, Sofía, Lapo, María del Carmen, and Paz, Ruth
- Subjects
- *
OLIVE oil , *MILLENNIALS , *CONSUMERS , *SOCIAL networks , *TECHNOLOGY - Abstract
This study aimed to identify the attributes influencing the purchase decision process of the olive oil consumer belonging to "Millennials" in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. The method includes data collection from 408 people and a combination of factorial and cluster analysis. The results identified two segments in the millennial consumers. In the purchasing, one of the consumer groups, with 150 people, attached importance to product information and origin, as well as oil category, colour, and acidity. The other group with 258 people rejected a large part of the attributes, except for that related to electronic commerce. These results suggest that the search for attractive attributes in a broad sense is relevant and should be considered in the development of commercial strategies for the segment that positively values all attributes. However, for that segment rejecting intrinsic attributes, it would be advisable to deepen on aspects related to technology and social network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
29. Estilos de vida en relación a la alimentación y hábitos alimentarios dentro y fuera del hogar en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile
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Schnettler,Berta, Peña,Juan Pablo, Mora,Marcos, Miranda,Horacio, Sepúlveda,José, Denegri,Marianela, and Lobos,Germán
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lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,Hábitos alimentarios ,Restaurantes ,Locales de comida rápida ,Estilo de vida en relación con la alimentación ,Satisfacción con la alimentación ,lcsh:RC620-627 - Abstract
Objetivo: Distinguir tipologías de consumidores en base a su estilo de vida en relación a la alimentación en las principales comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile, y caracterizarlas según sus hábitos de consumo de alimentos dentro y fuera del hogar, características sociodemográficas y su nivel de satisfacción con su alimentación. Material y método: Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra de 951 personas en las principales comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (más de 100.000 habitantes). El instrumento de recogida de información incluyó una adaptación del cuestionario de estilos de vida en relación a la alimentación (FRL) y la escala SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life). Se consultaron los hábitos de consumo de alimentos dentro y fuera del hogar y variables de clasificación sociodemográfica de los encuestados. Resultados: Mediante análisis cluster se distinguieron cinco tipologías con diferencias significativas en los cinco componentes obtenidos del FRL, con análisis factorial de componentes principales. Las tipologías presentaron distinto perfil de género, edad y nivel socioeconómico y difirieron en los puntajes obtenidos en la SWFL. Se diferenciaron en la frecuencia en que la persona almuerza, toma once y cena en su hogar. Respecto a las comidas fuera del hogar, las tipologías se distinguieron según la frecuencia de comidas en restaurantes, locales de comida rápida y en la compra de comida preparada. Conclusiones: Un estilo de vida en relación a la alimentación con baja implicación y disfrute de los alimentos se asocia con un mayor nivel socioeconómico y menor edad de las personas. Adicionalmente, se asocia con comportamientos alimentarios poco saludables y no beneficiosos para las personas, como una mayor frecuencia de comidas en restaurantes y de compra de comida preparada, junto a una menor frecuencia de comidas en el hogar, lo que estaría influyendo en un nivel inferior de satisfacción con la alimentación.
- Published
- 2013
30. Relationship between the domains of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, satisfaction with food-related life and happiness in university students
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Schnettler, Berta, Orellana, Ligia, Lobos, Germán, Miranda, Horacio, Sepúlveda, José, Etchebarne, Soledad, Mora, Marcos, Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, and Grunert, Klaus G.
- Subjects
Satisfacción con la vida ,Happiness ,Life domains ,Life satisfaction ,Dominios de la vida ,Estudiantes universitarios ,Satisfacción con la alimentación ,Felicidad ,Satisfaction with food-related life ,University students - Abstract
Aim: to characterize types of university students based on satisfaction with life domains that affect eating habits, satisfaction with food-related life and subjective happiness. Materials and Methods: a questionnaire was applied to a nonrandom sample of 305 students of both genders in five universities in Chile. The questionnaire included the abbreviated Multidimensional Student's Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale (SWFL) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Eating habits, frequency of food consumption in and outside the place of residence, approximate height and weight and sociodemographic variables were measured. Results: using factor analysis, the five-domain structure of the MSLSS was confirmed with 26 of the 30 items of the abbreviated version: Family, Friends, Self, Environment and University. Using cluster analysis four types of students were distinguished that differ significantly in the MSLSS global and domain scores, SWFL and SHS scores, gender, ownership of a food allowance card funded by the Chilean government, importance attributed to food for well-being and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness are associated with greater satisfaction with food-related life. Other major life domains that affect students' subjective well-being are Family, Friends, University and Self. Greater satisfaction in some domains may counterbalance the lower satisfaction in others. Objetivo: caracterizar tipologías de estudiantes universitarios según la satisfacción en dominios de la vida que afectan a los hábitos alimentarios, satisfacción con la alimentación y nivel de felicidad subjetiva. Material y método: se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no probabilística de 305 estudiantes de ambos géneros de cinco universidades de Chile. El cuestionario incluyó: Escala Multidimensional de Satisfacción con la Vida para Estudiantes (MSLSS) abreviada, Satisfacción con la Alimentación (SWFL) y la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (SHS). Se consultaron hábitos de consumo de alimentos, frecuencia de comidas dentro y fuera del lugar de residencia, peso y estatura aproximada y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: mediante análisis factorial se confirmó la estructura de cinco dominios de la MSLSS, con 26 de los 30 ítems de la versión abreviada: Familia, Amigos, Sí mismo, Entorno de vida y Universidad. Mediante análisis clúster se distinguieron cuatro tipologías que difirieron significativamente en los puntajes de los dominios de la MSLSS y en su puntaje global, en los puntajes de la SWFL, SHS, género, contar con una tarjeta de alimentación financiada por el Estado chileno, importancia asignada a la alimentación para el bienestar personal y nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones: mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida y de felicidad se asocian con una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación. Otros dominios importantes que afectan al bienestar subjetivo de los estudiantes corresponden a la familia, los amigos, la universidad y el sí mismo. La mayor satisfacción en unos dominios compensaría la menor satisfacción en otros.
- Published
- 2015
31. Who are the potential consumers of organic fruits and vegetables in Central Chile? : a CHAID approach
- Author
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Adasme-Berrios, Cristian, Mercedes Sánchez, Jara-Rojas, Roberto, Engler, Alejandra, Rodriguez, Marcelo, Mora, Marcos, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Gestión de Empresas, and Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Enpresen Kudeaketa Saila
- Subjects
Productos orgánicos ,Agricultura orgánica ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,Comercio interior ,lcsh:S ,Comportamiento del consumidor ,Agriculture ,Segmentación ,Frutas y verduras orgánicas ,TP368-456 ,Food processing and manufacture ,Consumer behavior ,lcsh:Agriculture ,lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,Organic products ,Segmentation ,Multivariate analysis ,Análisis multivariante ,Chile - Abstract
The demand for organic fruits and vegetables (F&V) is growing worldwide, creating market opportunities for developing countries as major suppliers. However, most export-oriented developing countries such as Chile have an undeveloped domestic market for organic products. This article identifies the segments of potential consumers of organic F&V in Central Chile using an exploratory CHAID model. A questionnaire was administered by surveying a random sample of 425 F&V consumers in central Chile. The results of the CHAID model suggest two segments of potential consumers of organic F&V. Both groups show awareness of the concept of organic food. Additionally, the first segment perceives organic agriculture to have ethical benefits to the society and considers organic F&V as healthy and nutritious; this group has a probability of over 80% to consume organic F&V. The second segment shows less awareness of the ethical benefits to society and its probability of consuming organic F&V depends on family income level. We discuss major implications for further studies on organic consumers. La demanda por frutas y verduras (F&V) orgánicas está creciendo alrededor del mundo, creando oportunidades de mercado para los países en desarrollo como principales proveedores. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los países en vías de desarrollo orientados a la exportación, tales como Chile, tienen un mercado interno no desarrollado para los productos orgánicos. Este artículo identifica los segmentos de potenciales consumidores de frutas y verduras orgánicas en el centro de Chile, utilizando un modelo CHAID exploratorio. Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra aleatoria de 425 compradores de frutas y verduras. Los resultados del modelo CHAID sugieren dos segmentos de potenciales consumidores de frutas y verduras orgánicas. Ambos grupos demuestran conocimiento del concepto de alimento orgánico. Adicionalmente, el primer segmento percibe que la agricultura orgánica entrega beneficios éticos a la sociedad y considera que F&V orgánicas son saludables y nutritivos; este grupo tiene una probabilidad de más de 80% de consumir F&V orgánicas. El segundo segmento demuestra menos conciencia de los beneficios éticos a la sociedad y su probabilidad de consumir F&V orgánicas, depende del nivel de ingreso familiar. Otras implicancias son discutidas para estudios posteriores en consumidores de alimentos orgánicos. Fil: Adasme-Berríos, Cristian. Universidad Católica del Maule (Talca, Chile) Fil: Sánchez, Mercedes. Universidad Pública de Navarra (Pamplona, España) Fil: Jara-Rojas, Roberto. Universidad de Talca (Chile) Fil: Engler Palma, Alejandra. Universidad de Talca (Chile) Fil: Rodríguez, Marcelo. Universidad Católica del Maule (Talca, Chile) Fil: Mora, Marcos. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Economía Agraria.
- Published
- 2015
32. Population analysis of D6-like plasmid prophage variants associated with specific IncC plasmid types in the emerging Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 genotype.
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Silva, Claudia, Calva, Edmundo, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Puente, José L., and Vinuesa, Pablo
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SALMONELLA typhimurium ,SALMONELLA enterica serovar typhimurium ,PLASMIDS ,GENOTYPES ,NUCLEOTIDE sequence ,MULTIDRUG resistance - Abstract
The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type 213 (ST213) emerged as a predominant genotype in Mexico. It is characterized by harboring multidrug resistance (MDR) IncC plasmids (previously IncA/C) and the lack of the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSTV). Here we show that the D6-like plasmid prophage is present in most of the ST213 strains. We used the reported nucleotide sequence of YU39 plasmid (pYU39_89) to design a PCR typing scheme for the D6-like plasmid prophages, and determined the complete nucleotide sequences for the D6-like prophages of three additional ST213 strains (YU07-18, SL26 and SO21). Two prophage variants were described: i) a complete prophage, containing homologous sequences for most of the genetic modules described in P1 and D6 phages, which most likely allow for the lytic and lysogenic lifestyles; and ii) an incomplete prophage, lacking a 15 kb region containing morphogenesis genes, suggesting that it is defective. The tail fiber gene inversion region was the most divergent one between D6 and pYU39_89 genomes, suggesting the production of a distinct set of tail fibers, which could be involved in host range preferences. A glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase gene (glnS), which could be involved in providing host cell increased fitness or plasmid maintenance functions, was found in all D6-like genomes. Population level analysis revealed a biogeographic pattern of distribution of these plasmid-phages and specific associations with variants of MDR IncC plasmids. Statistically significant associations were found between the two prophage variants (p75 or p89), the type of IncC plasmids (I or II) and geographic isolation regions (Sonora, San Luis Potosí, Michoacán and Yucatán). This work integrates results from molecular typing, genomics and epidemiology to provide a broad overview for the evolution of an emergent Salmonella genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Preferencias del consumidor hacia la carne bovina en Chile : Importancia del país de origen, corte, envasado, marca y precio
- Author
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Schnettler, Berta, Sepulveda, Nestor, Sepulveda, Jose, Orellana, Ligia, Miranda, Horacio, Lobos, German, and Mora, Marcos
- Subjects
Carne bovina ,Consumer preferences ,Beef cattle ,Preferencias del consumidor ,Countries of origin ,Preferencias por carne bovina ,Brand ,Países de origen ,Carne - Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate preferences for two cuts, four countries of origin, two forms of presentation, brand and different prices of beef cattle among supermarket buyers in southern Chile, and to distinguish the existence of different market segments, through a survey of 800 people. Using a fractional factorial design for conjoint analysis, it was determined overall that the origin was more important (44.5%) than price (20.8%), form of presentation (12.2%), cut (12.0%) and brand (10.5%), with preference for Chilean and Argentinean striploin, packaged on trays, with no brand at medium price. Using a cluster analysis, three market segments were distinguished. The largest (52.3%) placed great importance on origin and preferred the highest price. The second (27.5%) also valued origin with the greatest preference for Argentinean beef, and it was the only group that preferred the ribeye as the cut. The third (20.5%) placed the greatest importance on price, and was the only group that preferred Paraguayan meat. The segments differed in the importance of eating meat for their personal well-being. The low importance of packaging and brand indicates poorly developed marketing of this product. In order to properly insert brand beef in the Chilean market, communication strategies must be implemented that identify the product with superior quality and that position the brand in the consumer's mind. Se evaluaron las preferencias hacia dos cortes, cuatro países de origen, dos formas de presentación, marca y distintos precios de carne bovina en compradores de supermercados del sur de Chile, y la existencia de diferentes segmentos de mercado, mediante una encuesta a 800 personas. Mediante análisis conjunto de diseño factorial fraccionado se determinó, en general, que el origen fue más importante (44,5%), que el precio (20,8%), la forma de presentación (12,2%), corte (12,0%) y marca (10,5%), con preferencia por el lomo liso chileno y argentino, envasado en bandejas, sin marca a un precio medio. Mediante análisis cluster se distinguieron tres segmentos de mercado. El mayoritario (52,3%) dio alta importancia al origen y prefirió el precio mayor. El segundo (27,5%) también valoró el origen con la mayor preferencia por la carne argentina y fue el único que prefirió el lomo vetado al corte. El tercero (20,5%) dio mayor importancia al precio, siendo el único que prefirió la carne paraguaya. Los segmentos difirieron en la importancia asignada al consumo de carne para su bienestar personal. La baja importancia del envase y de la marca indica un bajo desarrollo comercial en este producto. Para lograr una adecuada penetración de carne bovina con nombre de marca en el mercado chileno, se deben implementar estrategias comunicacionales que identifiquen el producto con una calidad superior y que posicionen la marca en la mente del consumidor. Fil: Schnettler, Berta. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Fil: Sepúlveda, Néstor. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Fil: Sepúlveda, José. Chile. Universidad de La Frontera. Centro de Psicología Económica y del Consumo. Fil: Orellana, Ligia. Chile. Universidad de La Frontera. Centro de Psicología Económica y del Consumo. Fil: Miranda, Horacio. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria. Fil: Lobos, Germán. Universidad de Talca Fil: Mora, Marcos. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Economía Agraria.
- Published
- 2014
34. Consumer responses to agricultural produce advertising in the O'Higgins Region of Chile
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Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, Jara-Rojas, Roberto, Ramos-Cabello, Bárbara, Rodríguez, Marcelo, and Mora, Marcos
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comportamiento del consumidor ,principal components analysis ,Análisis de componentes principales ,Agricultural produce ,consumer behavior ,productos agrícolas ,CHAID - Abstract
The main objective of this article was to analyze consumer responses to agricultural produce advertising. A survey was given to a non-probabilistic sample of 400 consumers in Rancagua, the capital city of the O'Higgins Region. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the main factors influencing the consumption of agricultural produce and recognized four factors that influence the consumption of agricultural products: influence of advertising, impact of produce advertising, consumption of vegetables, and advertising preference. Additionally, the market segments that respond to agricultural produce advertising were identified using decision-tree methodology (CHAID). The results show that education is the most important segmenting factor and that consumers with lower levels of education are more influenced by advertising. In addition, television is the most important medium for encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption. El objetivo general de la investigación fue analizar la respuesta del consumidor hacia la publicidad en productos agrícolas. Para este propósito una encuesta fue aplicada a una muestra no probabilística de 400 consumidores en la ciudad de Rancagua, capital de la Región de O'Higgins. Un análisis factorial de componentes principales (PCA) fue desarrollado para identificar los principales factores que influyen en el consumo de productos agrícolas. El análisis de PCA reveló la existencia de cuatro factores: influencia de la publicidad, impacto de la publicidad en productos agrícolas, consumo de vegetales, preferencia a la publicidad. Adicionalmente, los segmentos de mercado que responden a la publicidad en productos agrícolas, fueron identificados usando la metodología de árbol de clasificación (CHAID). Los resultados muestran que la educación es el factor de segmentación de mayor importancia, donde las personas con el menor nivel de educación son más influenciables por la publicidad. Además, la televisión es el medio comunicacional más influyente para mejorar el consumo de frutas y hortalizas.
- Published
- 2013
35. Gestión Eficaz de la Maquinaria Vial en Gobiernos Locales
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Rodríguez Mora, Marcos
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lcsh:TE1-450 ,conservación vial ,gobierno local ,mantenimiento de maquinaria ,gestión de maquinaria ,costo de construcción vial ,municipalidades ,lcsh:Highway engineering. Roads and pavements - Abstract
La gestión de la maquinaria propia en los gobiernos locales, que se requiere para la conservación y construcción de carreteras, es un factor importante de éxito o fracaso en la gestión de vías de algunas municipalidades. Existe una dependencia tecnológica de la aplicación de maquinaria para lograr ejecutar el mantenimiento o construcción de proyectos viales, sin embargo, en ocasiones, la deficiente gestión y control de maquinaria puede llevar a limitar o impedir la ejecución de proyectos y consumir recursos económicos que deberían ser destinados a desarrollar proyectos viales para beneficio del servicio de transporte que deben ofrecer las calles y caminos. En el artículo se desarrollan los principales temas de atención para la buena gestión de maquinaria, entre los cuales se destacan: la factibilidad para comprar maquinaria en un gobierno local, el sistema de su mantenimiento preventivo para evitar averías, el sistema de control de trabajo y entrenamiento de operadores de cada maquinaria, la planificación y presupuesto para aprovechar la maquinaria la mayor parte del año y el cálculo de los costos por hora de trabajo de cada maquinaria para confeccionar presupuestos apropiados.
- Published
- 2012
36. Perceived quality in fresh peaches: an approach through structural equation modeling
- Author
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Mora, Marcos, Espinoza, Jacqueline, Schnettler, Berta, Echeverría, Gemma, Predieri, Stefano, and Infante, Rodrigo
- Subjects
structural equation models ,Atributos intrínsecos ,quality ,Intrinsic and extrinsic attributes ,calidad ,modelos de ecuaciones estructurales ,atributos extrínsecos - Abstract
The quality requirements that consumers consider in their decision to purchase fresh fruit have garnered a great deal of attention from the actors in the fresh fruit productivity chain. This study seeks to identify attributes that could explain how a consumer of fresh peaches perceives quality. The focus on the peach was because of the limited knowledge of the signs of quality that the consumer is seeking in this fruit. As a result, the objective was to produce a model that explains the perception of the quality of fresh peaches by Spanish consumers. A theoretical model was created that explains quality using a set of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes. The information was from a survey of closed questions administered in person to a non-probabilistic sample of 192 Spanish consumers. The methodology used was structural equation modeling, with an analysis for goodness of fit using the indicators CMIN/ DF, RMR, NFI, RFI, RMSEA, and HOELTER. Thus, by adjusting the values recommended by the literature, a model was identified that explains the quality decisions of the consumers studied using two sets of attributes: intrinsic and extrinsic. Finally, significant and strong relationships were established between the perceived quality and the homogeneity of the fruit and between the perceived quality and the availability in supermarkets and fruit stores. Uno de los tópicos que más atrae la atención de los actores de la cadena productiva de fruta fresca, es entender los requerimientos de calidad que los consumidores de fruta fresca consideran en sus procesos de decisión de compra. En esta perspectiva, esta investigación se ha orientado hacia la identificación de relaciones significativas entre atributos que podrían explicar cómo percibe la calidad un consumidor de duraznos en estado fresco. Asimismo, se ha considerado focalizar el estudio en el durazno debido básicamente a que es una especie de la cual no se tiene conocimiento en términos de cuáles son los las señales de calidad que busca el consumidor cuando desarrolla sus preferencias. En virtud de lo señalado, el objetivo del presente es desarrollar un modelo que contribuya a explicar la calidad de duraznos frescos según la percepción de consumidores españoles. Para ello, se ha recurrido a un modelo teórico, el cual explica la calidad mediante un conjunto de atributos intrínsecos y extrínsecos. La fuente principal de información fue una encuesta de preguntas cerradas aplicada de forma presencial a una muestra no probabilística de 192 consumidores españoles. La metodología asociada al objetivo expuesto fue un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, el cual fue sometido a un conjunto de indicadores de bondad de ajuste del modelo (CMIN/DF, RMR, NFI, RFI, RMSEA, HOELTER, entre otros). De tal modo, ajustándose a los valores recomendados por la literatura, se identificó un modelo que explica la calidad en los consumidores estudiados, mediante dos conjuntos de atributos: extrínsecos y extrínsecos. Finalmente, se determinaron relaciones significativas y altas, entre calidad percibida y homogeneidad de la fruta y, entre calidad percibida y disponibilidad en supermercados y fruterías.
- Published
- 2011
37. Food satisfaction in mapuche persons in the metropolitan region of santiago, chile
- Author
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Schnettler, Berta, Miranda, Horacio, Sepulveda, Jose, Denegri, Marianela, Mora, Marcos, and Lobos, German
- Published
- 2011
38. Differences in food consumption associated with ethnic group and acculturation in the metropolitan region of santiago, chile
- Author
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Schnettler, Berta, Huaiquinir, Valeska, Mora, Marcos, Miranda, Horacio, Sepulveda, Jose, and Denegri, Marianela
- Published
- 2009
39. A multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 human-invasive strain (33676) containing the blaCMY-2 gene on an IncF plasmid is attenuated for virulence in BALB/c mice.
- Author
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Wiesner, Magdalena, Calva, Juan J., Bustamante, Víctor H., Pérez-Morales, Deyanira, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Calva, Edmundo, and Silva, Claudia
- Subjects
DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,SALMONELLA typhimurium ,PLASMIDS ,MICROBIAL virulence ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Classical strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Typhimurium) predominantly cause a self-limiting diarrheal illness in humans and a systemic disease in mice. In this study, we report the characterization of a strain isolated from a blood-culture taken from a 15-year old woman suffering from invasive severe salmonellosis, refractory to conventional therapy with extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC). Results: The strain, named 33676, was characterized as multidrug-resistant Salmonella serogroup A by biochemical, antimicrobial and serological tests. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and XbaI macrorestrictions (PFGE) showed that strain 33676 belonged to the Typhimurium ST213 genotype, previously described for other Mexican Typhimurium strains. PCR analyses revealed the presence of IncA/C, IncFIIA and ColE1-like plasmids and the absence of the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSTV). Conjugation assays showed that the ESC-resistance gene bla
CMY-2 was carried on the conjugative IncF plasmid, instead of the IncA/C plasmid, as found in previously studied ST213 strains. Although the IncA/C plasmid conferred most of the observed antimicrobial resistances it was not self-conjugative; it was rather able to conjugate by co-integrating with the IncF plasmid. Strain 33676 was fully attenuated for virulence in BALB/c mice infections. Both type-three secretion system (T3SS), encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2), were functional in the 33676 strain and, interestingly, this strain produced the H2 FljB flagellin instead of the H1 FliC flagellin commonly expressed by S. enterica strains. Conclusions: Strain 33676 showed two main features that differentiate it from the originally described ST213 strains: 1) the blaCMY-2 gene was not carried on the IncA/C plasmid, but on a conjugative IncF plasmid, which may open a new route of dissemination for this ESC-resistance gene, and 2) it expresses the H2 FljB flagella, in contrast with the other ST213 and most Typhimurium reference strains. To our knowledge this is the first report of an IncF blaCMY-2 -carrying plasmid in Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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40. ATTRIBUTES THAT DEFINE PREFERENCES FOR CHEESE IN SOUTHERN CHILE: DO CONSUMERS VALUE INFORMATION ABOUT THE CARBON FOOTPRINT?
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Schnettler, Berta, Pardo, Susana, Miranda, Horacio, Lobos, Germán, Mora, Marcos, and Adasme, Cristian
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CHEESE ,CONSUMER preferences - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
41. The two-component system CpxR/A represses the expression of Salmonella virulence genes by affecting the stability of the transcriptional regulator HilD.
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De la Cruz, Miguel A., Pérez-Morales, Deyanira, Palacios, Irene J., Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Calva, Edmundo, Bustamante, Víctor H., Weili Liang, and Raivio, Tracy
- Subjects
GENE expression in bacteria ,SALMONELLA ,VIRULENCE of bacteria - Abstract
Salmonella enterica can cause intestinal or systemic infections in humans and animals mainly by the presence of pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2, containing 39 and 44 genes, respectively. The AraC-like regulator HilD positively controls the expression of the SPI-1 genes, as well as many other Salmonella virulence genes including those located in SPI-2. A previous report indicates that the two-component system CpxR/A regulates the SPI-1 genes: the absence of the sensor kinase CpxA, but not the absence of its cognate response regulator CpxR, reduces their expression. The presence and absence of cell envelope stress activates kinase and phosphatase activities of CpxA, respectively, which in turn controls the level of phosphorylated CpxR (CpxR-P). In this work, we further define the mechanism for the CpxR/A-mediated regulation of SPI-1 genes. The negative effect exerted by the absence of CpxA on the expression of SPI-1 genes was counteracted by the absence of CpxR or by the absence of the two enzymes, AckA and Pta, which render acetyl-phosphate that phosphorylates CpxR. Furthermore, overexpression of the lipoprotein NlpE, which activates CpxA kinase activity on CpxR, or overexpression of CpxR, repressed the expression of SPI-1 genes. Thus, our results provide several lines of evidence strongly supporting that the absence of CpxA leads to the phosphorylation of CpxR via the AckA/Pta enzymes, which represses both the SPI-1 and SPI-2 genes. Additionally, we show that in the absence of the Lon protease, which degrades HilD, the CpxR-P-mediated repression of the SPI-1 genes is mostly lost; moreover, we demonstrate that CpxR-P negatively affects the stability of HilD and thus decreases the expression of HilD-target genes, such as hilD itself and hilA, located in SPI-1. Our data further expand the insight on the different regulatory pathways for gene expression involving CpxR/A and on the complex regulatory network governing virulence in Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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42. Conjugative transfer of an IncA/C plasmid-borne blaCMY-2 gene through genetic re-arrangements with an IncX1 plasmid.
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Wiesner, Magdalena, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Cevallos, Miguel A., Zavala-Alvarado, Crispín, Zaidi, Mussaret B., Calva, Edmundo, and Silva, Claudia
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- *
SALMONELLA typhimurium , *PLASMIDS , *CEFTRIAXONE , *CEPHALOSPORINS , *GENETIC transformation - Abstract
Background Our observation that in the Mexican Salmonella Typhimurium population none of the ST19 and ST213 strains harbored both the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSTV) and the prevalent IncA/C plasmid (pA/C) led us to hypothesize that restriction to horizontal transfer of these plasmids existed. We designed a conjugation scheme using ST213 strain YU39 as donor of the blaCMY-2 gene (conferring resistance to ceftriaxone; CRO) carried by pA/C, and two E. coli lab strains (DH5α and HB101) and two Typhimurium ST19 strains (SO1 and LT2) carrying pSTV as recipients. The aim of this study was to determine if the genetic background of the different recipient strains affected the transfer frequencies of pA/C. Results YU39 was able to transfer CRO resistance, via a novel conjugative mechanism, to all the recipient strains although at low frequencies (10-7 to 10-10). The presence of pSTV in the recipients had little effect on the conjugation frequency. The analysis of the transconjugants showed that three different phenomena were occurring associated to the transfer of blaCMY-2: 1) the co-integration of pA/C and pX1; 2) the transposition of the CMY region from pA/C to pX1; or 3) the rearrangement of pA/C. In addition, the co-lateral mobilization of a small (5 kb) ColE1-like plasmid was observed. The transconjugant plasmids involving pX1 rearrangements (either via co-integration or ISEcp1-mediated transposition) obtained the capacity to conjugate at very high levels, similar to those found for pX1 (10-1). Two versions of the region containing blaCMY-2 were found to transpose to pX1: the large version was inserted into an intergenic region located where the "genetic load" operons are frequently inserted into pX1, while the short version was inserted into the stbDE operon involved in plasmid addiction system. This is the first study to report the acquisition of an extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistance gene by an IncX1 plasmid. Conclusions We showed that the transfer of the YU39 blaCMY-2 gene harbored on a non- conjugative pA/C requires the machinery of a highly conjugative pX1 plasmid. Our experiments demonstrate the complex interactions a single strain can exploit to contend with the challenge of horizontal transfer and antibiotic selective pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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43. Salmonella Typhi Omp S1 and Omp S2 porins are potent protective immunogens with adjuvant properties.
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Moreno‐Eutimio, Mario A., Tenorio‐Calvo, Alejandra, Pastelin‐Palacios, Rodolfo, Perez‐Shibayama, Christian, Gil‐Cruz, Cristina, López‐Santiago, Rubén, Baeza, Isabel, Fernández‐Mora, Marcos, Bonifaz, Laura, Isibasi, Armando, Calva, Edmundo, and López‐Macías, Constantino
- Subjects
SALMONELLA enterica serovar Typhi ,TYPHOID fever ,IMMUNE response ,IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants ,INTERLEUKIN-10 - Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S. Typhi) is the causal agent of typhoid fever, a disease that primarily affects developing countries. Various antigens from this bacterium have been reported to be targets of the immune response. Recently, the S. Typhi genome has been shown to encode two porins - Omp S1 and Omp S2 - which are expressed at low levels under in vitro culture conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that immunizing mice with either Omp S1 or Omp S2 induced production of specific, long-term antibody titres and conferred protection against S. Typhi challenge; in particular, Omp S1 was more immunogenic and conferred greater protective effects than Omp S2. We also found that Omp S1 is a Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) agonist, whereas Omp S2 is a TLR2 and TLR4 agonist. Both porins induced the production of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6, and Omp S2 was also able to induce interleukin-10 production. Furthermore, Omp S1 induced the over-expression of MHC II molecules in dendritic cells and Omp S2 induced the over-expression of CD40 molecules in macrophages and dendritic cells. Co-immunization of Omp S1 or Omp S2 with ovalbumin ( OVA) increased anti- OVA antibody titres, the duration and isotype diversity of the OVA-specific antibody response, and the proliferation of T lymphocytes. These porins also had adjuvant effects on the antibody response when co-immunized with either the Vi capsular antigen from S. Typhi or inactivated 2009 pandemic influenza A( H1 N1) virus [ A( H1 N1)pdm09]. Taken together, the data indicate that Omp S1 and Omp S2, despite being expressed at low levels under in vitro culture conditions, are potent protective immunogens with intrinsic adjuvant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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44. Preferences for Berries Among Consumers in Southern Chile: Blueberries Are Produced but Are They Consumed?
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Schnettler, Berta, Miranda, Horacio, Sepúlveda, José, Denegri, Marianela, Mora, Marcos, and Lobos, Germán
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BLUEBERRIES ,CONSUMERS ,FRUIT culture ,CONSUMER behavior - Abstract
Blueberry plantations in Chile are oriented exclusively towards exports to northern hemisphere countries; however, this fruit has recently been introduced into the domestic market due to the increased supply and a fall in export market prices. Based on the previously mentioned, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate consumer preferences for 3 species of berries (blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries), sold loose (unpackaged) as opposed to packaged and branded, at different prices, in one of the principal blueberry producing areas of Chile; and to distinguish consumer segments by their preferences. To do this a survey was applied to 400 people in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile, who were responsible for purchasing fruit for their households. Conjoint analysis showed a preference for raspberries and strawberries over blueberries, packaged and branded, at the lowest price. Total of 2 principal segments were distinguished by cluster analysis: 'price sensitive' (42.7%), who preferred strawberries, and 'sensitive to species of berry' (47.5%), who preferred raspberries and strawberries. The segments presented different profiles in their demographic make-up and fruit consumption behavior. Strategies are discussed that might reverse the low acceptance of blueberries in the Chilean domestic market. Practical Application: This study presents information on the introduction of new fresh foods into the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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45. Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 is associated with two types of IncA/C plasmids carrying multiple resistance determinants.
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Wiesner, Magdalena, Calva, Edmundo, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Cevallos, Miguel A., Campos, Freddy, Zaidi, Mussaret B., and Silva, Claudia
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SALMONELLA typhimurium ,PLASMIDS ,GENES ,DNA ,SALMONELLA - Abstract
Background: Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 was first detected in the Mexican Typhimurium population in 2001. It is associated with a multi-drug resistance phenotype and a plasmid-borne bla
CMY-2 gene conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The objective of the current study was to examine the association between the ST213 genotype and blaCMY-2 plasmids. Results: The blaCMY-2 gene was carried by an IncA/C plasmid. ST213 strains lacking the blaCMY-2 gene carried a different IncA/C plasmid. PCR analysis of seven DNA regions distributed throughout the plasmids showed that these IncA/C plasmids were related, but the presence and absence of DNA stretches produced two divergent types I and II. A class 1 integron (dfrA12, orfF and aadA2) was detected in most of the type I plasmids. Type I contained all the plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2 gene and a subset of plasmids lacking blaCMY-2 . Type II included all of the remaining blaCMY-2 -negative plasmids. A sequence comparison of the seven DNA regions showed that both types were closely related to IncA/C plasmids found in Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia, Photobacterium, Vibrio and Aeromonas. Analysis of our Typhimurium strains showed that the region containing the blaCMY-2 gene is inserted between traA and traC as a single copy, like in the E. coli plasmid pAR060302. The floR allele was identical to that of Newport pSN254, suggesting a mosaic pattern of ancestry with plasmids from other Salmonella serovars and E. coli. Only one of the tested strains was able to conjugate the IncA/C plasmid at very low frequencies (10-7 to 10-9 ). The lack of conjugation ability of our IncA/C plasmids agrees with the clonal dissemination trend suggested by the chromosomal backgrounds and plasmid pattern associations. Conclusions: The ecological success of the newly emerging Typhimurium ST213 genotype in Mexico may be related to the carriage of IncA/C plasmids. We conclude that types I and II of IncA/C plasmids originated from a common ancestor and that the insertion and deletion of DNA stretches have shaped their evolutionary histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
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46. Effects of food-related health concerns and risk perception on the consumption frequency of fresh vegetables.
- Author
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Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, Sánchez, Mercedes, Mora, Marcos, Díaz, José, Schnettler, Berta, and Lobos, Germán
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- *
VEGETABLES , *FOOD safety , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *RISK perception , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling - Abstract
Consuming fresh vegetables certainly brings health benefits; however, these types of products may also contain biological, chemical and technological elements that can affect people's health due to lack of food safety. We developed a conceptual model to explain the main relationships between food-related health concerns (FHCs) and risk perceptions (RPs) on consumption frequency of fresh vegetables (CFFV) from a food safety point of view. We applied a structured questionnaire to 1028 consumers in the Central and South Central zones of Chile, where the main agricultural production of the country is concentrated. Through a structural equation model, we determined the moderator effect of RP on the relationship between FHC and CFFV. As a result, CFFV is less if RP is present in the minds of the consumer, impacting the direct effect of FHC on CFFV. Finally, our results suggest that reducing risks associated with the production and commercialization of fresh vegetables can improve health concerns related to food and the consumption of fresh vegetables. Therefore, the state must improve surveillance systems of fresh vegetables commercialized in local markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
47. The gender role on moderator effect of food safety label between perceived quality and risk on fresh vegetables.
- Author
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Adasme-Berríos, Cristian, Sánchez, Mercedes, Mora, Marcos, Díaz, José, Schnettler, Berta, and Lobos, Germán
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- *
FOOD safety , *VEGETABLES , *FOOD quality , *CONSUMER behavior , *FOOD - Abstract
The role of food safety label in fresh vegetables has received little attention in developing economies and less attention from the perspective of gender. In this context, a conceptual model was developed to explain the effect of food safety label as a moderator variable of risk perception and quality perceived for fresh vegetables from the perspective of gender. A structural equation model was developed in central and south central Chile, using a convenience sample (n = 1114) of vegetables buyers. The main finding of the study was that for females, the food safety label moderated the effect of risk perception on perceived quality; while for males this effect was not significant. However, given that females are primarily responsible for purchasing food, food safety labels are a tool for consumers to recognize unsafe vegetables; at the same time, it can influence the purchase decision of those consumers worried by certain risks associated with fresh vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
48. IS200 and multilocus sequence typing for the identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains from Indonesia.
- Author
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Martínez-Gamboa, Areli, Silva, Claudia, Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Wiesner, Magdalena, de León, Alfredo Ponce, and Calva, Edmundo
- Subjects
- *
SALMONELLA typhi , *DNA insertion elements - Abstract
In this work, IS200 and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze 19 strains previously serotyped as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and isolated in Indonesia (16 strains), Mexico (2 strains), and Switzerland (1 strain). Most of the strains showed the most common Typhi sequence types, ST1 and ST2, and a new Typhi genotype (ST1856) was described. However, one isolate from Mexico and another from Indonesia were of the ST365 and ST426 sequence types, indicating that they belonged to serovars Weltevreden and Aberdeen, respectively. These results were supported by the amplification of IS200 fragments, which rapidly distinguish Typhi from other serovars. Our results demonstrate the utility of IS200 and MLST in the classification of Salmonella strains into serovars. These methods provide information on the clonal relatedness of strains isolated worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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49. HilD Induces Expression of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Genes by Displacing the Global Negative Regulator H-NS from ssrAB.
- Author
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Martínez, Luary C., Banda, María M., Fernández-Mora, Marcos, Santana, Francisco J., and Bustamante, Víctor H.
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- *
GENE expression in bacteria , *GENETIC regulation , *PROMOTERS (Genetics) , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *BACTERIA ,SALMONELLA genetics - Abstract
Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2) have essential roles in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica. Previously, we reported transcriptional cross talk between SPI-1 and SPI-2 when the SPI-1 regulator HilD induces expression of the SsrA/B two-component system, the central positive regulator of SPI-2, during the growth of Salmonella to late stationary phase in LB rich medium. Here, we further define the mechanism of the HilD-mediated expression of ssrAB. Expression analysis of cat transcriptional fusions containing different regions of ssrAB revealed the presence of negative regulatory sequences located downstream of the ssrAB promoter. In the absence of these negative cis elements, ssrAB was expressed in a HilD-independent manner and was no longer repressed by the global regulator H-NS. Consistently, when the activity of H-NS was inactivated, the expression of ssrAB also became independent of HilD. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that both HilD and H-NS bind to the ssrAB region containing the repressing sequences. Moreover, HilD was able to displace H-NS bound to this region, whereas H-NS did not displace HilD. Our results support a model indicating that HilD displaces H-NS from a region downstream of the promoter of ssrAB by binding to sites overlapping or close to those sites bound by H-NS, which leads to the expression of ssrAB. Although the role of HilD as an antagonist of H-NS has been reported before for other genes, this is the first study showing that HilD is able to effectively displace H-NS from the promoter of one of its target genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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50. Chinese consumers' purchase intention of fresh cherries: Modeling of relations between satisfaction and perceived quality.
- Author
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Chiang, Andrés, Aguilera, Mauricio, Cabana, Ricardo, and Mora, Marcos
- Subjects
- *
CHERRIES , *CONSUMER preferences , *CUSTOMER satisfaction , *CONSUMER behavior , *PERCEIVED quality , *COMMERCIAL treaties - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to model Chinese consumers' intention to purchase fresh cherries through direct and indirect relations and mediating role between perceived intrinsic quality, perceived extrinsic quality and satisfaction. The analytical method used was a structural equation modeling (SEM). Surveys were applied to 388 buyers in three traditional markets in Beijing, China. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, which presented an adequate goodness of fit to accept the model, according to the literature, which confirmed the relations. The results showed, that perceived extrinsic quality and satisfaction are directly and significantly related to Chinese consumers' intention to purchase fresh cherries. Additionally, an indirect and significant relationship was found between perceived intrinsic quality and purchase intention, through the mediating role of satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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