168 results on '"Mesquita, Pedro"'
Search Results
2. Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Vs Conventional Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Superficial Nonampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors in the Western Setting
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Morais, Rui, Amorim, José, Medas, Renato, Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo, Santos-Antunes, João, Legros, Romain, Albouys, Jérémie, Moll, Frédéric, Marques, Margarida, Vilas-Boas, Filipe, Rodrigues-Pinto, Eduardo, Gullo, Irene, Carneiro, Fátima, Soares, Elisa Gravito, Amaro, Pedro, Mesquita, Pedro, Rodrigues, Jaime, Andrisani, Gianluca, Sferrazza, Sandro, Archer, Sara, Kuttner-Magalhães, Ricardo, Manzano, Francisco, de Santiago, Enrique Rodríguez, Rimondi, Alessandro, Murino, Alberto, Despott, Edward, Pioche, Mathieu, Jacques, Jérémie, and Macedo, Guilherme
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- 2024
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3. Maternal vaccination against group B Streptococcus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase leads to gut dysbiosis in the offspring
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Bonifácio Andrade, Elva, Lorga, Inês, Roque, Susana, Geraldo, Rafaela, Mesquita, Pedro, Castro, Rogério, Simões-Costa, Luísa, Costa, Madalena, Faustino, Augusto, Ribeiro, Adília, Correia-Neves, Margarida, Trieu-Cuot, Patrick, and Ferreira, Paula
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- 2022
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4. Effective submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) of a giant esophageal leiomyoma
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Estevinho, Maria Manuela, Pinho, Rolando, Rodrigues, Jaime, Fernandes, Sonia, Correia, Joao, Mesquita, Pedro, and Freitas, Teresa
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- 2023
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5. Modulation of HIV-1 infection of mucosal tissue by HSV-2 and the impact of tropical microbicides
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Mesquita, Pedro Miguel Moreira Oliveira
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616.9792061 - Published
- 2007
6. Role of Interleukin 32 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reactivation and Its Link to Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Herpes Simplex Virus Coinfection
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Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Preston-Hurlburt, Paula, Keller, Marla J., Vudattu, Nalini, Espinoza, Lilia, Altrich, Michelle, Anastos, Kathryn, Herold, Kevan C., and Herold, Betsy C.
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- 2017
7. Concordance of Dye-Spraying Chromoendoscopy and Virtual Chromoendoscopy for Colonic Dysplasia Detection in Longstanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
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Laranjeira Correia, João Paulo, Ponte, Ana, Proença, Luisa, Rodrigues, Adélia, Pinho, Rolando, Leite, Sónia, Fernandes, Carlos, Rodrigues, Jaime, Carlos Silva, João, Gomes, Catarina, Afecto, Edgar, Manuela Estevinho, Maria, Mesquita, Pedro, and Freitas, Teresa
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- 2023
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8. Mechanical and surface properties of a 3D-printed dental resin reinforced with graphene
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Salgado, Helena, Fialho, Joana, Marques, Marco, Vaz, Mário, Figueiral, Maria Helena, Mesquita, Pedro, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
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Flexural strength ,Polimetilmetacrilato ,Three-dimensional printing ,Óxido de grafeno ,Dureza ,Hardness ,Polymethylmethacrylate ,Impressão 3D ,Resistência à flexão ,Graphene oxide - Abstract
Objectives: Commercial photocurable polymers used in dental additive manufacturing still have mechanical limitations. The incorporation of graphene may provide interesting advantages in this field. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effect of adding graphene nanoparticles to a 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate dental resin in terms of surface roughness, flexural properties, and hardness. Methods: A 3D-printed dental resin (Dental Sand, Harz Lab) was loaded with four different graphene nanoplatelet (Graphenest) concentrations: 0.01wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.25wt%, and 0.5wt%. The neat resin was used as the control group. The surface roughness was measured with a contact profilometer using bar-shaped specimens (50x10x4mm). The flexural strength of specimens (80x10x4mm) from each group was calculated using the 3-point bending test in a Universal Test Machine. Hardness shore D was measured using a manual durometer on round-shaped specimens (12x6mm). Data were evaluated using the Kruskall-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Bonferroni corrected pairwise inter-group comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p, Objetivos: As resinas para impressão 3D em Medicina Dentária apresentam ainda limitações mecânicas. A adição de grafeno pode colmatar esse problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o efeito do grafeno numa resina de polimetilmetacrilato para impressão 3D ao nível da rugosidade de superfície, propriedades de flexão e dureza. Métodos: Uma resina para impressão 3D foi aditivada com quatro concentrações de grafeno: 0,01wt%, 0,1wt%, 0,25wt% e 0,5wt%. A resina pura foi usada como controlo. A rugosidade de superfície foi medida com um profilómetro de contacto em provetes retangulares (50x10x4mm). A resistência à flexão dos provetes (80x10x4mm) foi calculada usando o teste de flexão em 3 pontos numa máquina de teste universal. A dureza shore D foi medida em provetes circulares (12x6mm) com um durómetro manual. Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando o teste de Kruskal Wallis seguido do teste post-hoc de Bonferroni para comparações entre grupos. Valores de p
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- 2023
9. Capsule Enteroscopy Using the Mirocam ® versus OMOM ® Systems: A Matched Case–Control Study.
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Estevinho, Maria Manuela, Pinho, Rolando, Rodrigues, Adélia, Ponte, Ana, Correia, João, Mesquita, Pedro, and Freitas, Teresa
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ENTEROSCOPY ,SMALL intestine ,CAPSULE endoscopy ,CASE-control method ,DATABASES - Abstract
Although several devices are available for small bowel capsule endoscopy, few studies have compared their visualization quality and diagnostic yield, despite users reporting subjective differences between them. This study aims to compare two widely used systems (Mirocam
® MC1600 and OMOM® HD). Patients who underwent OMOM® HD capsule enteroscopy between August 2022 and February 2023 were prospectively included consecutively (cases). Controls were retrospectively selected from a database of patients who underwent Mirocam® MC1600 enteroscopy between March 2018 and July 2022 in a 1:1 ratio. Controls were matched for potential confounders (age, sex, indication, hospitalization, comorbidities, and opioid prescription). The small bowel cleanliness (global and divided by tertiles), the diagnostic yield (positive findings) and the transit times (TT) were compared. Overall, 214 patients were included (107:107). Global bowel preparation was similar between the OMOM® and Mirocam® groups. However, the average scores for each tertile were significantly higher when the OMOM® HD capsule was used (p < 0.05). Small bowel TT was shorter for OMOM® HD (265 ± 118 versus 307 ± 87 min, p = 0.020), while the diagnostic yield (55.0%) and relative distribution of lesions were similar. This study suggests that capsule characteristics, namely resolution, and illumination, systematically interfere with the perception of preparation quality. However, this did not affect the diagnostic yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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10. A microfluidic approach for label-free identification of small-sized microplastics in seawater.
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Gong, Liyuan, Martinez, Omar, Mesquita, Pedro, Kurtz, Kayla, Xu, Yang, and Lin, Yang
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CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,MICROPLASTICS ,SEAWATER ,SUPPORT vector machines ,RANDOM forest algorithms - Abstract
Marine microplastics are emerging as a growing environmental concern due to their potential harm to marine biota. The substantial variations in their physical and chemical properties pose a significant challenge when it comes to sampling and characterizing small-sized microplastics. In this study, we introduce a novel microfluidic approach that simplifies the trapping and identification process of microplastics in surface seawater, eliminating the need for labeling. We examine various models, including support vector machine, random forest, convolutional neural network (CNN), and residual neural network (ResNet34), to assess their performance in identifying 11 common plastics. Our findings reveal that the CNN method outperforms the other models, achieving an impressive accuracy of 93% and a mean area under the curve of 98 ± 0.02%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miniaturized devices can effectively trap and identify microplastics smaller than 50 µm. Overall, this proposed approach facilitates efficient sampling and identification of small-sized microplastics, potentially contributing to crucial long-term monitoring and treatment efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. The use of graphene for dental polymethylmethacrylate reinforcement - a systematic review
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Salgado, Helena, Fonseca, Patrícia, Vaz, Mário, Figueiral, Maria Helena, Mesquita, Pedro, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
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Testes mecânicos ,Polimetilmetacrilato ,Óxido de grafeno ,Polymethylmethacrylate ,Prostodontia ,Mechanical tests ,Prosthodontics ,Graphene oxide - Abstract
Objectives: To produce a systematic review regarding the effect of graphene-reinforced polymethylmethacrylate used in dentistry on mechanical properties. Methods: Electronic databases (Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase) were independently searched by two researchers for relevant studies published up to December 2021. An additional manual search was performed to identify relevant publications. The population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) question was “In dentistry, does graphene-reinforced polymethylmethacrylate offer better mechanical properties than conventional polymethylmethacrylate?”. The selection of articles was carried out according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the PRISMA flowchart. The inter-investigator reliability was assessed by Cohen's Kappa coefficient. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-experimental Studies. Results: Six in vitro studies were included in the qualitative analysis. A total of 247 specimens were evaluated: 81 made of non-reinforced PMMA resin and 166 of PMMA reinforced with graphene. The mechanical properties evaluated were flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, biaxial flexural strength, and impact strength. These properties seem to improve with the addition of graphene in certain concentrations. The analysis of the risk of bias showed low risk. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, graphene seems to strengthen some mechanical properties of PMMA dental resin. However, more studies are needed to understand the ideal graphene concentration to improve resin's clinical performance., Objetivos: Realização de uma revisão sistemática para verificar a alteração do comporta mento mecânico do polimetilmetacrilato utilizado em dentária pela adição de grafeno. Métodos: Dois investigadores independentes efetuaram uma pesquisa em três bases de dados (Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase) até 31 de dezembro de 2021. Realizou-se também uma pesquisa manual para identificar publicações relevantes. A pergunta de in vestigação definida foi “Em medicina dentária, o polimetilmetacrilato reforçado com grafe no apresenta melhores propriedades mecânicas do que o polimetilmetacrilato convencio nal?”. A seleção dos artigos seguiu o fluxograma PRISMA, considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos. A concordância entre investigadores foi calculada pelo coe ficiente Kappa de Cohen. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada através da checklist do Joanna Briggs Institute para estudos quasi-experimentais. Resultados: Seis estudos in vitro foram incluídos na análise qualitativa. No total dos estudos analisados nesta revisão foram avaliados 247 provetes, 81 dos quais eram compostos por polimetilmetacrilato convencional e 166 por polimetilmetacrilato aditivado com grafeno. As propriedades mecânicas avaliadas foram: resistência à flexão, módulo de elasticidade, du reza, resistência à flexão biaxial e resistência ao impacto. Maioritariamente, estas proprie dades melhoraram com a adição de determinadas concentrações de grafeno. A análise da qualidade dos artigos demonstrou um baixo risco de viés. Conclusões: Considerando as limitações deste estudo, podemos concluir que o grafeno pa rece melhorar algumas propriedades mecânicas do polimetilmetacrilato utilizado em me dicina dentária. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para se compreender a concen tração ideal de grafeno para se obter o melhor desempenho clínico das resinas protéticas
- Published
- 2022
12. Intravaginal ring eluting tenofovir disoproxil fumarate completely protects macaques from multiple vaginal simian-HIV challenges
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Smith, James M., Rastogi, Rachna, Teller, Ryan S., Srinivasan, Priya, Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Nagaraja, Umadevi, McNicholl, Janet M., Hendry, R. Michael, Dinh, Chuong T., Martina, Amy, Herold, Betsy C., and Kiser, Patrick F.
- Published
- 2013
13. End-of-life dignity in palliative care, pandemic COVID-19 and telemedicine.
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Pires Mesquita, Pedro Eduardo, García Abejas, Abel, and Salvador Vergès, Àngels
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PALLIATIVE treatment , *COVID-19 pandemic , *TELEMEDICINE , *DIGNITY , *TERMINAL care , *DRUG therapy - Abstract
Dying with dignity is a right, defined as a process with the following characteristics. Dying with minimal suffering from symptoms and limited invasive treatment. The study aimed at understanding how the pandemic changed the way of dying in end-of-life care and what we can then add to what was done previously. A search was carried out in the PUBMED/Medline database to find articles that answered the research question. We carried out this research between December 2019 and June 2021. Articles with original data written in English, Portuguese and Spanish were used as keywords: 'end of life'; 'palliative care'; 'COVID-19'; 'dignity' and telemedicine'. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. There was significant heterogeneity in the origin of these studies conducted in 12 different countries. Five themes were found from the articles: Palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic; end of life during the COVID-19 pandemic; the evolution of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic; use of telemedicine in palliative care; and the use of telemedicine and dignity at the end of life. The results were relatively positive in terms of some parameters; however, some suggestions for improvement stood out. Telemedicine has enormous potential to improve care at the end of life in terms of quality of life, autonomy and adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. However, more intervention studies are needed to create protocols for monitoring these patients at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Hybrid Argon Plasma Coagulation for Barrett's Esophagus and for Colonic Mucosal Resection—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Estevinho, Maria Manuela, Pinho, Rolando, Silva, João Carlos, Correia, João, Mesquita, Pedro, and Freitas, Teresa
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BARRETT'S esophagus ,ARGON plasmas ,COLECTOMY ,BLOOD coagulation ,ENDOSCOPIC surgery - Abstract
Hybrid argon plasma coagulation (hAPC) is a novel technique that combines conventional argon plasma coagulation and waterjet submucosal expansion. The aims of this metanalysis were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hAPC in the setting of Barret's esophagus (BE) ablation and as an adjunct to colonic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Four electronic databases were searched, and the results were analyzed by two independent authors. Random-effects meta-analyses of the proportions of endoscopic and histologic remission (for BE), recurrence, and post-procedure adverse events were performed using R. Studies' reporting quality was also assessed. From the 979 identified records, 13 studies were included (10 regarding BE and three colonic EMR). The pooled percentages of endoscopic and histologic remission after hAPC for BE were 95% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91–99, I
2 = 34) and 90% (95%CI 84–95, I2 = 46), respectively, while major adverse events and recurrence were registered in 2% (95%CI 0–5, I2 = 41) and 11% (95%CI 2–27, I2 = 11), respectively. Concerning hAPC-assisted EMR, the pooled percentages of major adverse events and recurrence were 5% (95%CI 2–10, I2 = 0) and 1% (95%CI 0–3, I2 = 40). Evidence suggests that the main advantages of hAPC are the increase in safety in the setting of BE ablation and the reduction of local recurrence after colonic EMR. Trials comparing hAPC with standard strategies are required to support its use for these indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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15. Clinical and molecular features of four Brazilian families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
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de Melo Miranda, Isabella Santiago, Pinto Valadares, Luciana, Barcelos Barra, Gustavo, Góes Mesquita, Pedro, Bandeira de Santana, Lidiana, Faria de Castro, Lucas, Santa Rita, Ticiane Henriques, and Ansaneli Naves, Luciana
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BRAZILIANS ,TUMORS ,PITUITARY tumors ,GENETIC testing ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,LIPOSARCOMA - Abstract
Objective: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by its clinical variability and complexity in diagnosis and treatment. We performed both clinical and molecular descriptions of four families with MEN1 in a follow-up at a tertiary center in Brası'lia. Methods: From a preliminary review of approximately 500 medical records of patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) from the database of the Neuroendocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Brası'lia, a total of 135 patients met the criteria of at least two affected family members. From this cohort, we have identified 34 families: only four with a phenotype of MEN1 and the other 30 families with the phenotype of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). Eleven patients with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1 from these four families were selected. Results: Variants in MEN1 gene were identified in all families. One individual from each family underwent genetic testing using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS). All patients had primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and the second most common manifestation was PitNET. One individual had welldifferentiated liposarcoma, which has been previously reported in a single case of MEN1. Three variants previously described in the database and a novel variant in exon 2 have been found. Conclusions: The study allowed the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of families with MEN1 in a follow-up at a tertiary center in Brası'lia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Effect of tesamorelin in people with HIV with and without dorsocervical fat: Post hoc analysis of phase III double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
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Rahman, Farah, McLaughlin, Taryn, Mesquita, Pedro, Morin, Josee, Potvin, Diane, De Chantal, Marilyn, and Aberg, Judith A.
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Tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone, is indicated for the reduction of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in people with HIV. Here, we performed a post hoc analysis of participants receiving tesamorelin for 26 weeks in a phase III clinical trial. Efficacy data were compared between individuals with and without dorsocervical fat, stratified by tesamorelin response. Among tesamorelin responders, VAT and waist circumference (WC) decreased in both dorsocervical fat groups and did not statistically differ (VAT P = 0.657, WC P = 0.093). These data demonstrate that tesamorelin is equally effective and should be considered in the treatment of excess VAT regardless of the presence of dorsocervical fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Disruption of Tight Junctions by Cellulose Sulfate Facilitates HIV Infection: Model of Microbicide Safety
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Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Cheshenko, Natalia, Wilson, Sarah S., Mhatre, Mohak, Guzman, Esmeralda, Fakioglu, Esra, Keller, Maria J., and Herold, Betsy C.
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- 2009
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18. A phase 1 randomized placebo-controlled safety and pharmacokinetic trial of a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vaginal ring
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Keller, Marla J., Mesquita, Pedro M., Marzinke, Mark A., Teller, Ryan, Espinoza, Lilia, Atrio, Jessica M., Lo, Yungtai, Frank, Bruce, Srinivasan, Sujatha, Fredricks, David N., Rabe, Lorna, Anderson, Peter L., Hendrix, Craig W., Kiser, Patrick F., and Herold, Betsy C.
- Published
- 2016
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19. Deformation of implant retaining screws—Study with stereoscopic microscopy and microCT.
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Batista, Ricardo, Moreira, André, Oliveira, Susana João, Mesquita, Pedro, Sampaio‐Fernandes, João, and Figueiral, Maria Helena
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DENTAL implants ,DENTURES ,MICROSCOPY ,DEPTH perception ,COMPUTED tomography ,COMPLICATIONS of prosthesis ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Background: The prosthetic screw fixes the prostheses to the implants. Upon osteointegration, the untightening of the prosthetic screw is the most common problem in oral rehabilitation with implants. Objective: To study the deformation of the implant retaining hexagonal screw head. Methods: This investigation used two methods for evaluating the screw head's area of deformation (mm2): a stereoscopic microscopy and micro computed tomography (microCT). For stereoscopic microscopy, 16 titanium alloy (T) and 16 titanium gold‐plated alloy (G) screws of the Zimmer Biomet™ brand were used, divided into eight groups: group 0 (control group), groups T1 and G1 (screws tightened 10 times to 20 Ncm), the groups T2 and G2 (screws tightened 20 times to 20 Ncm) and the groups T3 and G3 (screws tightened 10 times to 30 Ncm). In the study with microCT, one screw was randomly chosen from each of the groups described above to perform the scanning by microCT. Results: When comparing the type of screw material using stereoscopic microscopy, no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Contrarily, different number of successive grips and different torque value showed statistically significant differences in the head section of the retaining screws (p < 0.05). The observation by microCT showed the torque applied is crucial to the head deformation in titanium screws. In gold‐plated screws the successive tightening appears to be pivotal. Conclusion: Titanium and gold screws tend to behave similarly. By increasing the tightening cycles and the torque values of protocols greater levels of deformations can be expected. In general, microCT data showed better results for gold‐plated titanium alloy. Clinical Significance: To control severe screw head deformation and the impossibility of untightening the implant's restoration, clinicians should avoid extreme torque values and prevent surpassing 10 tightening cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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20. Low-cost microfluidics: Towards affordable environmental monitoring and assessment.
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Mesquita, Pedro, Liyuan Gong, and Yang Lin
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ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,MICROFLUIDICS ,WATER quality monitoring ,MASS production ,RAPID tooling ,NATURAL resources - Abstract
Effective environmental monitoring has become a worldwide concern, requiring the development of novel tools to deal with pollution risks and manage natural resources. However, a majority of current assessment methods are still costly and labor-intensive. Thanks to the rapid advancements in microfluidic technology over the past few decades, great efforts have been made to develop miniaturized tools for rapid and efficient environmental monitoring. Compared to traditional large-scale devices, microfluidic approaches provide several advantages such as low sample and energy consumption, shortened analysis time and adaptabilities to onsite applications. More importantly, it provides a low-cost solution for onsite environmental assessment leveraging the ubiquitous materials such as paper and plastics, and cost-effective fabrication methods such as inkjet printing and drawing. At present, devices that are disposable, reproducible, and capable of mass production have been developed and manufactured for a wide spectrum of applications related to environmental monitoring. This review summarizes the recent advances of low-cost microfluidics in the field of environmental monitoring. Initially, common low-cost materials and fabrication technologies are introduced, providing a perspective on the currently available low-cost microfluidic manufacturing techniques. The latest applications towards effective environmental monitoring and assessment in water quality, air quality, soil nutrients, microorganisms, and other applications are then reviewed. Finally, current challenges on materials and fabrication technologies and research opportunities are discussed to inspire future innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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21. Antimicrobial Activity of a 3D-Printed Polymethylmethacrylate Dental Resin Enhanced with Graphene.
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Salgado, Helena, Gomes, Ana T. P. C., Duarte, Ana S., Ferreira, José M. F., Fernandes, Carlos, Figueiral, Maria Helena, and Mesquita, Pedro
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DENTAL resins ,POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE ,GRAPHENE ,LIQUID crystal displays ,ANTI-infective agents - Abstract
The present study aimed to test, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans and the surface roughness of a 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate dental resin enhanced with graphene. A 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate dental resin was reinforced with four different concentrations of graphene: 0.01, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 wt%. Neat resin was used as a control. The specimens were printed in a liquid crystal display printer. Disc specimens were used in antimicrobial evaluation, and bar-shaped specimens were used to measure surface roughness. The study of antimicrobial activity included the inhibition of the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans and their adhesion to the resin's surface. Surface roughness increased with the increase in the graphene concentration. The growth inhibition of C. albicans was observed in the different concentrations of graphene after 24 h, with no recovery after 48 h. The specimens doped with graphene were capable of inactivating S. mutans after 48 h. The surface-adhesion studies showed that the density of microbial biofilms decreases in the case of specimens doped with graphene. Graphene, despite increasing the resin's surface roughness, was effective in inhibiting the growth and the adhesion to the resin's surface of the main inducers of prosthetic stomatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF A DUAL COMPARTMENT DUOGELTM CONTAINING THE NNRTI IQP-0528 IN FEMALE RHESUS MACAQUES: O5.03
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Pereira, Lara E., Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Ham, Anthony, Singletary, Tyana, McNicholl, Janet, Buckheit, Karen W., Buckheit, Robert W., Jr, and Smith, James
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- 2015
23. New Perspectives on Collaboration in R&D Activities
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Mesquita, Pedro
- Published
- 2021
24. Mobile journalism at RTP: consumption of news
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Mesquita, Pedro Mota and Casquinho, Constança Monteiro
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Digital news ,Mobile journalism ,Mojo ,State-owned company ,Smartphone ,News ,Change management ,Digital ,Public company ,Organization ,Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Broadcaster - Abstract
The goal of this paper is to show case a practical resolution for the integration at a greaters cale of the Mobile Journalism philosophy, both in the production and in the consumption of news. The production-side concerns the use of the smartphone and other light equipment in the production of news, while the consumption-side concern show the news are displayed and consumed on a smartphone. This work project was realized in syndication with RTP and was adjust and tailored to its respective needs ,resources and objectives. In order to achieve this goal, several analysis were developed to address the external and internal environment, identifying the opportunities and threats of the broadcasting industry and the strengths and weak nesses of RTP. The ending result of this study led to the development of interconnected, structured and strategic recommendations that ensures a work able dissemination plan for Mobile Journalism.
- Published
- 2021
25. A Low-Cost Microfluidic Method for Microplastics Identification: Towards Continuous Recognition.
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Mesquita, Pedro, Gong, Liyuan, and Lin, Yang
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MICROPLASTICS ,PLASTIC scrap ,STAINS & staining (Microscopy) ,NATURAL fibers ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,MICROFLUIDIC devices - Abstract
Plastic pollution has emerged as a growing concern worldwide. In particular, the most abundant plastic debris, microplastics, has necessitated the development of rapid and effective identification methods to track down the stages and evidence of the pollution. In this paper, we combine low-cost plastic staining technologies using Nile Red with the continuous feature offered by microfluidics to propose a low-cost 3D printed device for the identification of microplastics. It is observed that the microfluidic devices indicate comparable staining and identification performance compared to conventional Nile Red staining processes while offering the advantages of continuous recognition for long-term environmental monitoring. The results also show that concentration, temperature, and residency time possess strong effects on the identification performance. Finally, various microplastics have been applied to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed devices. It is found that, among different types of microplastics, non-spherical microplastics show the maximal fluorescence level. Meanwhile, natural fibers indicate better staining quality when compared to synthetic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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26. Osmotic pump tablets for delivery of antiretrovirals to the vaginal mucosa
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Rastogi, Rachna, Teller, Ryan S., Mesquita, Pedro M.M., Herold, Betsy C., and Kiser, Patrick F.
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- 2013
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27. Intravaginal ring delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of HIV and herpes simplex virus infection
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Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Rastogi, Rachna, Segarra, Theodore J., Teller, Ryan S., Torres, N. Merna, Huber, Ashley M., Kiser, Patrick F., and Herold, Betsy C.
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- 2012
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28. Female Genital Tract Secretions and Semen Impact the Development of Microbicides for the Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Herold, Betsy C., Mesquita, Pedro M., Madan, Rebecca P., and Keller, Marla J.
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- 2011
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29. Dynamic microfluidic bioreactor—Hip simulator (DMBH) system for implant toxicity monitoring.
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Badhe, Ravindra V., Bijukumar, Divya, Mesquita, Pedro, Cheng, Kai Yuan, Ramachandran, Remya Ampadi, Lin, Yang, and Mathew, Mathew T.
- Abstract
The generation of degradation products (DPs) like ions and organo‐metallic particles from corroding metallic implants is an important healthcare concern. These DPs generate local and systemic toxicity. The impact on local toxicity is well documented, however, little is known about systemic toxicity. This is mainly due to the limited scope of the current microtiter plate‐based (static) toxicity assay techniques. These methods do not mimic the systemic (dynamic) conditions. In this study, it is hypothesized that DPs incubated with cells in static conditions might provide improper systemic toxicity results, as there is no movement mimicking the blood circulation around cells. This study reports the development of a three‐chambered prototype microfluidic system connected to the operational hip implant simulator to test the cellular response induced by the DPs. This setup is called a dynamic microfluidic bioreactor—hip simulator system. We hypothesize that a dynamic microfluidic system will provide a realistic toxicology response induced by DPs than a static cell culture plate. To prove the hypothesis, Neuro2a (N2a) cells were used as representative cells to study systemic neurotoxicity by the implant DPs. The microfluidic bioreactor system was validated by comparing the cell toxicity against the traditional static system and using COMSOL modeling for media flow with DPs. The hip implant simulator used in this study was a state‐of‐the‐art sliding hip simulator developed in our lab. The results suggested that static toxicity was significantly more compared to dynamic microfluidic‐based toxicity. The newly developed DMBH system tested for in situ systemic toxicity on N2a cells and demonstrated very minimum toxicity level (5.23%) compared to static systems (31.16%). Thus, the new DMBH system is an efficient tool for in situ implant metal systemic toxicity testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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30. Robot Control in the Presence of Cardiac Motion
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Mesquita, Pedro Daniel Marques and Cortesão, Rui Pedro Duarte
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Telemanipulação ,Cirurgia em Coração a Bater ,Telemanipulation ,Beating Heart Surgery ,Kalman filter ,Observador Activo ,Filtro de Kalman ,Active Observer - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia As doenças cardiovasculares são a causa número um de mortes no mundo, sendo que, entreestas, a doença coronária tem uma das maiores taxas de mortalidade. Posto isto, de formaa reduzir o potencial risco de morte associado a este tipo de patologia, a revascularizaçãomiocárdica é um dos procedimentos mais comummente utilizados. Não obstante e, emborase trate de um procedimento devidamente estudado, desenvolvido e, portanto, já maduro,ainda existe um conjunto de riscos que lhe estão associados. Esta cirurgia requer uma esternotomiamediana e um bypass cardiopulmonar (CPB) para manter a circulação e oxigenaçãosanguíneas, enquanto o coração está parado. Todavia, a cirurgia de peito aberto com recursoa uma máquina de coração-pulmão, conduz regularmente a traumatismos e infecçõessignificativas podendo mesmo, em última instância, provocar a morte.O conjunto de efeitos secundários e perigos associados a esse tipo de procedimento temsuscitado a pesquisa de alternativas. Neste sentido, a revascularização miocárdica minimamenteinvasiva e o uso de estabilizadores mecânicos são duas possibilidades. Ora, osestabilizadores mecânicos, enquanto possíveis substitutos do CPB, são colocados em tornoda área de interesse de forma a mitigar os movimentos cardíacos. No entanto, o movimentoresidual continua a ser de tal forma significativo que as lesões no tecido cardíaco continuama ser um efeito colateral recorrente. Neste sentido, a cirurgia roboticamente assistida, a qualganhou grande visibilidade e popularidade com o aparecimento dos sistemas cirúrgicos Zeuse da Vinci, tem o potencial para solucionar este tipo de problemas.Ao longo da presente dissertação, uma arquitectura de controlo de feedback de força,baseada em observadores activos (filtros de Kalman modificados), é usada e testada de modoa compensar movimentos fisiológicos com seguimento de uma força de referência. Numafase posterior, as capacidades de telemanipulação da arquitectura de controlo proposta sãotestadas enquanto proporcionam um feedback háptico. Este é um grande passo no sentidode desenvolver uma aplicação para o utilizador final, viável para um uso real em cirurgia. Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in the world and, among these,coronary heart diseases have the highest mortality rate. In order to reduce the risk of death,coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most common procedures but, despitethe fact that it is a studied, developed and well mature procedure, many risks are stillinvolved. The surgery requires a median sternotomy and a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation while the heart is stopped. However, openchestsurgery with the use of a heart-lung machine regularly leads to significant trauma andinfection and may even lead to death.The side-effects associated to this type of procedure have motivated the search for alternatives,such as minimally invasive CABG (MICABG) and the use of mechanical stabilizers.Mechanical stabilizers are a substitute to CPB and by placing them around the area of interestthey attempt to mitigate heart motion. However, great residual motion remains andinjuries to the heart tissue are another side-effect. Robotic assisted surgery has the potentialto solve these issues. With the appearance of the Zeus and the da Vinci surgical systems,robotic assisted surgery gained popularity and viability.In this thesis, a force feedback control architecture, based in active observers (modifiedKalman filters), is used and tested to compensate physiological motion while tracking areference force. Then, the telemanipulation capabilities of the proposed control architectureare tested, while also providing haptic feedback. This is a major step towards developing anend-user application, viable for use in actual surgery.
- Published
- 2018
31. Candidate polyanion microbicides inhibit HIV-1 infection and dissemination pathways in human cervical explants
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Mesquita Pedro MM, Wallace Gregory S, Fletcher Patricia S, and Shattock Robin J
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background Heterosexual intercourse remains the major route of HIV-1 transmission worldwide, with almost 5 million new infections occurring each year. Women increasingly bear a disproportionate burden of the pandemic, thus there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to reduce HIV-1 transmission that could be controlled by women themselves. The potential of topical microbicides to reduce HIV transmission across mucosal surfaces has been clearly identified, and some agents are currently under evaluation in clinical trials. Many of these "first generation" microbicides consist of polyanionic compounds designed to interfere with viral attachment. Here we have evaluated two candidate polyanion compounds in clinical trials, PRO 2000 and dextrin sulphate (DxS) to determine their safety and efficacy against in vitro HIV-1 and HSV-2 infection using cellular and tissue explant models. Results PRO 2000 and DxS potently inhibited infection by HIV-1 X4 and R5 isolates when present during viral exposure. However PRO 2000 required 10-fold and DxS 2000-fold more compound to block infection with R5 virus than X4. While both compounds were virucidal for X4 HIV-1, neither was virucidal for R5 virus. PRO 2000 efficiently inhibited infection of cervical explants and dissemination of virus by migratory DC. DxS was less active, able to completely inhibit cervical explant infection, but providing only partial reduction of virus dissemination by DC. PRO 2000, but not DxS, also inhibited HIV-1 binding to DC-SIGN+ cells and trans infection of co-cultured target cells. The inflammatory potential of both compounds was screened by measurement of cytokine production from cervical explants, and statistically significant increases were only observed for IL-1β and RANTES following treatment with PRO 2000. Both compounds also demonstrated potent activity against HSV-2 infection of cervical epithelial cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that PRO 2000 is a potent inhibitor of R5 HIV-1 infection and dissemination pathways in human cervical explants. DxS, while demonstrating significant inhibition of R5 infection, was less active against DC mediated dissemination pathways. PRO 2000 has now entered human phase III efficacy trials.
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- 2006
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32. In the Beginning... It was Already the End.
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Janeiro, Claudia, Santos, Rita, Teixeira, João, Mesquita, Pedro, Eça, Rosário, and Vale, Luis
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- 2020
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33. Endoscopy application in broodstock management of Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)
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Torati, Lucas S, Varges, Ana Paula S, Galvao, Jose A S, Mesquita, Pedro E C, and Migaud, Herve
- Abstract
First paragraph: The air-breather fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) is an emblematic species of the Amazon with adults reaching up to 2.5 m total length. A. gigas is long-considered a promising new candidate species for aquaculture, with reported growth rates of 10 kg over 1 year, no intramuscular spines, and suitability to different production systems. However, the control of reproduction in captivity is a key impairment limiting the expansion of the aquaculture sector mainly due to the lack of fingerling supply, which in turn also increases the pressure on the natural stocks.
- Published
- 2016
34. Not delivering as one: asymmetric outcomes in firm-university collaborations
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Mesquita, Pedro Vieira, Escolas::EBAPE, Goldszmidt, Rafael Guilherme Burstein, Lazzarini, Sérgio G., and Polidoro Junior, Francisco
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Pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) ,Pesquisa e desenvolvimento ,Knowledge-based view (KBV) ,Administração de empresas ,Intensidade da relação ,Visão baseada no conhecimento ,Colaboração entre empresas e universidade ,Integração universidade indústria ,Firm-university collaboration ,Universidades e faculdades - Administração ,Research and development (R&D) ,Relational embeddedness - Abstract
Extant literature examined the benefits of relational embeddedness in facilitating collaboration between organizations, as well as the necessity of firms to balance their knowledge generation into exploration and exploitation activities. However, the effects of relational embeddedness in the specific outputs of firm-university collaborations, as well as the elements that affect the exploratory nature of such outcomes remain underexplored. By examining fine grained data of more than 4.000 collaborative research and development projects by a firm and universities, 5.000 patents, and 300.000 scientific publications, it was proposed that relational embeddedness would have a positive effect on resource commitment and on joint scientific publications, but a negative effect on joint patents and exploratory outcomes resulting of such collaborations. Additionally, it was proposed that knowledge similarity would have a negative impact in exploratory endeavors made in such projects. Although some of the propositions were not supported by the data, this study revealed that relational embeddedness increases resource commitment and the production of joint scientific publications in such partnerships. At last, this study presents interesting opportunities for future research. A literatura existente examinou os benefícios de intensidade da relação como facilitador de colaborações entre organizações, assim como a necessidade de empresas balancearem a geração de conhecimento em ações exploratórias e de aplicação. Todavia, os efeitos da intensidade da relação nos resultados específicos das parcerias entre empresas e universidades, assim como os elementos que afetam a natureza exploratória desses resultados, permanecem subexplorados. Examinando dados detalhados de mais de 4.000 projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em colaboração entre uma empresa e universidades, 5.000 patentes e 300.000 publicações científicas, foi proposto que a intensidade da relação teria um efeito positivo no investimento de recursos e na produção de artigos científicos conjuntos, porém um efeito negativo na geração de patentes conjuntas e nos empreendimentos exploratórios resultantes dessas colaborações. Adicionalmente, foi proposto que semelhança entre conhecimentos teria um efeito negativo nas iniciativas exploratórias realizadas nesses projetos. Apesar de algumas proposições não terem sido confirmadas pelos dados, esse estudo revelou que a intensidade da relação tem efeito positivo no investimento de recursos e na produção de artigos científicos conjuntos nessas parcerias. Por fim, o estudo apresenta oportunidades interessantes para pesquisas futuras.
- Published
- 2015
35. Compound odontoma—Case report
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Salgado, Helena and Mesquita, Pedro
- Published
- 2013
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36. Morphing techniques for representation of geographical moving objects
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Mesquita, Pedro Alexandre Vieira, Moreira, José Manuel Matos, and Dias, Paulo Miguel de Jesus
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Engenharia de computadores - Teses de mestrado ,Sistemas de comunicação móveis ,Bases de dados ,Morphing (animação por computador) - Abstract
Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática Um objeto móvel é uma entidade cuja posição e forma se alteram continuamente ao longo do tempo. Tais objetos existem no mundo real e é possível capturar amostras discretas destes utilizando por exemplo imagens de satélite. Essas capturas representam estados do objeto em diferentes instantes de tempo. Cada amostra discreta é representada por um conjunto de pixels. Para representar o movimento dos objetos é necessário extrair uma representação vetorial dessas capturas e aplicar técnicas de morphing para modelar a transformação dos objetos. Nesta dissertação são apresentados dois métodos de morphing para representar o movimento de objetos em bases de dados espácio-temporais. Foram ainda desenvolvidas ferramentas para automatizar o processo de segmentação a partir de sequências de imagens reais (fotos de satélite). Estas ferramentas são um primeiro passo para a criação de conjuntos de dados reais com uma dimensão significativa que possam ser utilizados para testar e validar os algoritmos de representação de objetos móveis em bases de dados. Os trabalhos nesta área têm-se focado na criação de representações de objetos móveis válidas e não consideram aspectos qualitativos como a deformação dos objetos durante as transformações. As experiências têm sido realizadas utilizando apenas dados sintéticos. A moving object is an entity whose position and shape are continuously changing over time. Such objects exist in the real world and it is possible to capture discrete samples of them using for example satellite images. Those captures represent the characteristics of the object at different time instants. Since each snapshot is in raster mode, it is necessary to extract a vectorial representation of those captures and to apply morphing techniques to model the transformation of the objects between snapshots. In this dissertation two morphing methods are used to represent the movement of an object. The development of tools to improve and automate the process of segmentation from sequences of real images (satellite images) was also one of the focuses of this work. These tools are a first step for the generation of real world datasets with significant size that can be used to test and validate the algorithms to represent moving objects in databases. This is an important issue because previous works have focused on creating valid movement data representations at all times and do not consider qualitative features such as the objects’ deformation during the transformations. The experiments were limited to synthetic datasets.
- Published
- 2013
37. Técnicas de morphing para representação de objetos móveis geográficos
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Mesquita, Pedro Alexandre Vieira, Moreira, José Manuel Matos, and Dias, Paulo Miguel de Jesus
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Engenharia de computadores - Teses de mestrado ,Sistemas de comunicação móveis ,Bases de dados ,Morphing (animação por computador) - Abstract
Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática Submitted by Daisy Tavares (daisytavares@ua.pt) on 2014-03-24T14:50:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_2013.pdf: 3339553 bytes, checksum: a7f09b03f3ba5840aa23adba67b517b6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-24T14:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_2013.pdf: 3339553 bytes, checksum: a7f09b03f3ba5840aa23adba67b517b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
- Published
- 2013
38. Creating data representations for moving objects with extent from images
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Moreira, Jose Manuel Matos, Jensen, Christian S., Dias, Paulo, and Mesquita, Pedro
- Published
- 2013
39. Comparative proteome and peptidome analysis of the cephalic fluid secreted by Arapaima gigas (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) during and outside parental care.
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Torati, Lucas S., Migaud, Hervé, Doherty, Mary K., Siwy, Justyna, Mullen, Willian, Mesquita, Pedro E. C., and Albalat, Amaya
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ARAPAIMA ,PROTEOMICS ,PEPTIDOMIMETICS ,CAPILLARY electrophoresis ,GENE ontology - Abstract
Parental investment in Arapaima gigas includes nest building and guarding, followed by a care provision when a cephalic fluid is released from the parents’ head to the offspring. This fluid has presumably important functions for the offspring but so far its composition has not been characterised. In this study the proteome and peptidome of the cephalic secretion was studied in parental and non-parental fish using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and GeLC-MS/MS analyses. Multiple comparisons revealed 28 peptides were significantly different between males and parental males (PC-males), 126 between females and parental females (PC-females), 51 between males and females and 9 between PC-males and PC-females. Identification revealed peptides were produced in the inner ear (pcdh15b), eyes (tetraspanin and ppp2r3a), central nervous system (otud4, ribeye a, tjp1b and syn1) among others. A total of 422 proteins were also identified and gene ontology analysis revealed 28 secreted extracellular proteins. From these, 2 hormones (prolactin and stanniocalcin) and 12 proteins associated to immunological processes (serotransferrin, α-1-antitrypsin homolog, apolipoprotein A-I, and others) were identified. This study provides novel biochemical data on the lateral line fluid which will enable future hypotheses-driven experiments to better understand the physiological roles of the lateral line in chemical communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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40. Sonaecom: low scale, High uncertainty
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Mesquita, Pedro and André, Rosário
- Abstract
A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
- Published
- 2009
41. Association between suspected Zika virus disease during pregnancy and giving birth to a newborn with congenital microcephaly: a matched case–control study.
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Santa Rita, Ticiane Henriques, Barcelos Barra, Renata, Peixoto, Gisele Pasquali, Mesquita, Pedro Goes, and Barcelos Barra, Gustavo
- Abstract
Objective: In early 2015, an outbreak of an acute exanthematous illness with dengue-like symptoms occurred in northeastern Brazil. By the end of the same year, an unexpected increase in the number of cases of microcephaly was observed in the region. The microcephaly outbreak cause was unknown and rumors pointing to various potential causes arose. Since we were unaware at the time if this scenario would attract the interest of the broader scientific community, due to the neglected regions associated and as often happens with many others health conditions related to infectious diseases in Latin America. This coupled with the fact that diagnostic testing for Zika virus was not available, prompted us to design a study that could demonstrate the correlation between the development of an exanthematous illness with Zika-like symptoms during pregnancy and the delivery of a newborn with congenital microcephaly. Results: Mothers who experienced symptoms associated with the Zika virus during pregnancy had 10 times higher odds of delivering newborns with congenital microcephaly when compared with mothers who did not exhibit Zikalike symptoms. Thus, the acute exanthematous illness outbreak could be associated with the congenital microcephaly outbreak. We could not distinguish which virus caused the acute exanthematous illness in the study subjects (Zika, dengue or chikungunya), but these results could help to reduce the misquided speculation in regards to the cause of the microcephaly and could have expedited public health policies intended for controlling the mosquito vector. In addition to the lower head circumference, microcephalic neonates also had lower thoracic circumference, lower height and lower weight compared to non-microcephalic babies suggesting intrauterine growth restriction. Additionally, we found borderline association between mothers classified as homemakers and, who had past dengue infections with microcephaly. Prior contraction of dengue virus seems to play a role in the risk for the condition reflecting the domestication of the Aedes Aegypti and the enhancement of the Zika virus infection by dengue antibodies, respectively. The limitations of this study are: (a) participants recall bias, (b) absence of laboratory test results for Zika virus and other arboviruses and (c) incomplete test results for other pathogens that could lead to microcephaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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42. Comparison of Mucosal Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility in Healthy Premenopausal Versus Postmenopausal Women.
- Author
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Thurman, Andrea Ries, Yousefieh, Nazita, Chandra, Neelima, Kimble, Thomas, Asin, Susana, Rollenhagen, Christiane, Anderson, Sharon M., Herold, Betsy C., Freiermuth, Jamie L., Starkman, Brian S., Mesquita, Pedro M.M., Richardson-Harman, Nicola, Cunningham, Tina, Hillier, Sharon, Rabe, Lorna, Schwartz, Jill L., and Doncel, Gustavo F.
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize cervicovaginal (CV) mucosal factors modulating susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in healthy premenopausal (PRE) and postmenopausal (POST) women before and after treatment with estradiol (E2). We compared CV mucosal epithelial histology and immune cells, vaginal microbiota, antimicrobial activity of and soluble mucosal protein concentrations in the CV fluid lavage (CVL), and p24 antigen production after ex vivo infection of ectocervical tissues with HIV-1
BaL among PRE women ( n = 20) in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and POST women ( n = 17) at baseline and after ∼1 month of treatment with 0.01% vaginal E2 cream. Compared to PRE women, we measured higher levels of p24 antigen after ex vivo infection in tissues from POST women. POST women had a significantly thinner vaginal epithelium with decreased tight junction proteins and a higher density of mucosal immune T cells and lower levels of CD1a antigen-presenting cells, antimicrobial peptides, and inflammatory cytokines in the CVL ( p values <.05). POST women had higher vaginal pH and lower vaginal Lactobacilli ( p values <.05) than PRE women. After vaginal E2 therapy, CV endpoints and ex vivo HIV replication in POST tissues were similar to those observed in PRE tissues. The CV mucosa in POST women is thinned and compromised, with increased HIV-target immune cells and decreased antimicrobial factors, being more susceptible to HIV infection. After POST women receive topical E2 treatment, mucosal endpoints are similar to PRE levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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43. Dibutyltin Compounds Effects on PPARγ/RXRα Activity, Adipogenesis, and Inflammation in Mammalians Cells.
- Author
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Milton, Flora A., Lacerda, Mariella G., Sinoti, Simone B. P., Mesquita, Pedro G., Prakasan, Dileesh, Coelho, Michella S., de Lima, Caroline L., Martini, Alexandre G., Pazzine, Gabriela T., de F. Borin, Maria, Amato, Angelica A., and de A. R. Neves, Francisco
- Subjects
ADIPOGENESIS ,ORGANOTIN compounds ,INFLAMMATION - Abstract
Organotins are a group of chemical compounds that have a tin atom covalently bound to one or more organic groups. The best-studied organotin is tributyltin chloride, which is an environmental pollutant and an endocrine disruptor. Tributyltin chloride has been shown to bind to PPARγ/RXRα and induces adipogenesis in different mammalian cells. However, there are few studies with other organotin compounds, such as dibutyltins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dibutyltins diacetate, dichloride, dilaurate, and maleate on the transcriptional activity of the nuclear PPARγ and RXRα receptors, and on adipogenesis and inflammation. Analogous to tributyltin chloride, in reporter gene assay using HeLa cells, we observed that dibutyltins diacetate, dichloride, dilaurate, and maleate are partial agonists of PPARγ. Unlike tributyltin chloride, which is a full agonist of RXRα, dibutyltins dichloride and dilaurate are partial RXRα agonists. Additionally, the introduction of the C285S mutation, which disrupts tributyltin chloride binding to PPARγ, abrogated the dibutyltin agonistic activity. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, all dibutyltin induced adipogenesis, although the effect was less pronounced than that of rosiglitazone and tributyltin chloride. This adipogenic effect was confirmed by the expression of adipogenic markers Fabp4, Adipoq, and Glut4. Exposure of 3T3-L1 cells with dibutyltin in the presence of T0070907, a specific PPARγ antagonist, reduced fat accumulation, suggesting that adipogenic effect occurs through PPARγ. Furthermore, dibutyltins dichloride, dilaurate, and maleate inhibited the expression of proinflammatory genes in 3T3-L1 cells, such as Vcam1, Dcn, Fn1, S100a8, and Lgals9. Additionally, in RAW 264.7 macrophages, tributyltin chloride and dibutyltin dilaurate reduced LPS-stimulated TNFa expression. Our findings indicate that dibutyltins diacetate, dichloride, dilaurate, and maleate are PPARγ partial agonists and that dibutyltins dichloride and dilaurate are also partial RXRα agonists. Furthermore, dibutyltins induce adipogenesis in a PPARγ-dependent manner and repress inflammatory genes in 3T3-L1 and RAW 264.7 cells. Although dibutyltins display some partial PPARγ/RXRα agonistic effects, the translation of cell-based results assays into in vivo effects on inflammation and insulin resistance is not entirely known. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to address their effects in different periods of life and to elucidate the actions of organostanic compounds in whole-body context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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44. Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women.
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Thurman, Andrea Ries, Chandra, Neelima, Yousefieh, Nazita, Zalenskaya, Irina, Kimble, Thomas, Asin, Susana, Rollenhagen, Christiane, Anderson, Sharon M., Herold, Betsy, Mesquita, Pedro M.M., Richardson-Harman, Nicola, Cunningham, Tina, Schwartz, Jill L., and Doncel, Gustavo F.
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in vaginal immune cell populations, vaginal tissue gene expression, antimicrobial activity of the cervicovaginal (CV) lavage (CVL), vaginal flora, and p24 antigen production from CV tissues after ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection between follicular (FOL) and luteal (LUT) phases of the menstrual cycle. CV tissue biopsies, CV secretions, and blood samples were obtained as part of two longitudinal clinical trials of healthy women (CONRAD D11-119 and A12-124 studies). Participants ( n = 39) were HIV-seronegative women not using exogenous hormone supplementation, with normal menstrual cycles, who were screened to exclude sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections. Serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in the LUT versus the FOL phase of the menstrual cycle. Controlling for race, reported contraceptive use/sexual practices, and clinical trial, we found no differences in vaginal tissue immune cell populations and activation status, transcriptomes, inhibition of HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 and Escherichia coli by the CVL, vaginal pH or Nugent score, or production of p24 antigen after ex vivo infection by HIV-1
BaL between CV samples obtained in the FOL phase versus the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle. There were no significant correlations between serum estradiol and progesterone levels and CV endpoints. The hypothesis that the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle represents a more vulnerable stage for mucosal infection with HIV was not supported by data from samples obtained from the lower genital tract (ectocervix and vagina) from these two clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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45. Bacterial Vaginosis and Subclinical Markers of Genital Tract Inflammation and Mucosal Immunity.
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Thurman, Andrea Ries, Kimble, Thomas, Herold, Betsy, Mesquita, Pedro M.M., Fichorova, Raina N., Dawood, Hassan Y., Fashemi, Titilayo, Chandra, Neelima, Rabe, Lorna, Cunningham, Tina D., Anderson, Sharon, Schwartz, Jill, and Doncel, Gustavo
- Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been linked to an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission in observational studies, but the underlying biological mechanisms are unknown. We measured biomarkers of subclinical vaginal inflammation, endogenous antimicrobial activity, and vaginal flora in women with BV and repeated sampling 1 week and 1 month after completion of metronidazole therapy. We also compared this cohort of women with BV to a healthy control cohort without BV. A longitudinal, open label study of 33 women with a Nugent score of 4 or higher was conducted. All women had genital swabs, cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid, and cervicovaginal biopsies obtained at enrollment and received 7 days of metronidazole treatment. Repeat sampling was performed approximately 1 week and 1 month after completion of therapy. Participant's baseline samples were compared to a healthy, racially matched control group ( n=13) without BV. The CVL from women with resolved BV (Nugent 0-3) had significantly higher anti-HIV activity, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and growth-related oncogene alpha (GRO-α) levels and their ectocervical tissues had significantly more CD8 cells in the epithelium. Women with persistent BV after treatment had significantly higher levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the CVL. At study entry, participants had significantly greater numbers of CCR5
+ immune cells and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio in ectocervical tissues prior to metronidazole treatment, compared to a racially matched cohort of women with a Nugent score of 0-3. These data indicate that BV is associated with changes in select soluble immune mediators, an increase in HIV target cells, and a reduction in endogenous antimicrobial activity, which may contribute to the increased risk of HIV acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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46. Chronic HIV Infection Is Associated with Upregulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine and Alpha Defensin Gene Expression in Colorectal Mucosa.
- Author
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Mait-Kaufman, Jennifer, Fakioglu, Esra, Mesquita, Pedro M.M., Elliott, Julie, Lo, Yungtai, and Madan, Rebecca Pellett
- Abstract
HIV may induce gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immune dysregulation similar to inflammation observed in ulcerative colitis (UC). Colorectal biopsies from healthy controls ( N=12) and from participants with HIV ( N=20) or UC ( N=9) were subjected to real time (RT)-PCR for selected cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, Toll-like receptors, and inflammatory signaling and epithelial barrier proteins. HIV long terminal repeat relative copy number (RCN) in HIV participant biopsies was quantified by RT-PCR. Mean interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA levels did not differ significantly between HIV and UC participants ( p=0.48) but were significantly higher relative to control mRNA levels only for HIV participants ( p=0.03). Mean IL-8 and human defensin (HD) 5 mRNA levels were similar between HIV and UC participants ( p=1.0 and p=0.35, respectively) and were significantly greater in both groups relative to controls ( p<0.05 for all). Human beta-defensin (HBD)-2 mRNA levels were higher in UC relative to HIV and control participants ( p<0.01 for both). Conversely, HBD-1 mRNA levels were downregulated in UC vs. HIV participants ( p=0.01). Mediator gene expression did not differ significantly between HIV participants with detectable ( N=10) or nondetectable ( N=10) plasma viral loads. Tissue HIV relative copy number (RCN) correlated with plasma viral load ( r=0.88, p<0.01) but not with mediator mRNA levels. The results of this study indicate that both chronic HIV infection and UC are associated with similar patterns of IL-6, IL- 8, and HD5 expression in colorectal biopsy tissue. These findings suggest overlapping mechanisms for GI mucosal inflammation in these two illnesses and merit further investigation in larger studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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47. Antiviral Activity of Genital Tract Secretions After Oral or Topical Tenofovir Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV-1.
- Author
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Herold, Betsy C., Dezzutti, Charlene S., Richardson, Barbra A., Marrazzo, Jeanne, Mesquita, Pedro M. M., Carpenter, Colleen, Huber, Ashley, Louissaint, Nicolette, Marzinke, Mark A., Hillier, Sharon L., and Hendrix, Craig W.
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- 2014
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48. Novel preclinical models of topical PrEP pharmacodynamics provide rationale for combination of drugs with complementary properties.
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Mesquita, Pedro M.M., Srinivasan, Priya, Johnson, Todd J., Rastogi, Rachna, Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy, Kay, Michael S., Buckheit, Karen W., Buckheit Jr., Robert W., Smith, James M., Kiser, Patrick F., and Herold, Betsy C.
- Subjects
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PHARMACODYNAMICS , *HIV , *TENOFOVIR , *BISOPROLOL , *T cells , *ANTIVIRAL agents - Abstract
Background The limited success of recent HIV topical pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trials highlights the need for more predictive models of drug efficacy that better simulate what may happen during sexual exposure. To address this gap, we developed complementary in vitro models to evaluate the ability of drugs to retain anti-HIV activity if cells were washed with seminal plasma (simulating what may happen following exposure to ejaculate), and to protect drugnaive T cells (representing newly recruited immune cells) co-cultured with explants that had been pretreated with drug. We focused on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF); the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors dapivirine (DPV) and IQP-0528; and the entry inhibitors maraviroc (MVC) and the D-peptide chol-PIE-12 trimer (PIE12).Studies were extended to macaques and the ability of cervical biopsies obtained from animals treated with an intravaginal ring formulation of IQP-0528 to protect ex vivo co-cultured T cells was determined. The antiviral activity of cervicovaginal lavage samples against a primary Clade C isolate were also measured and correlated with drug levels. Results Cells exposed to TDF were equally protected from HIV whether or not the drug-treated cells were washed with medium or seminal plasma prior to challenge. In contrast, several-fold higher concentrations of NNRTIs and entry inhibitors were needed to attain similar levels of HIV inhibition following a wash with seminal plasma. Conversely, the NNRTIs and PIE12, but not TDF or MVC, were effectively transferred from ex vivo treated explants and protected co-cultured T cells. Biopsies obtained from IQP-0528 ring-treated macaques also protected co-cultured T cells with viral inhibition ranging from 42-72%. Antiviral activity correlated with the concentration of drug recovered. Combinations of TDF with IQP-0528 protected in both in vitro models. Conclusions Together, these models suggest that intracellularly retained drugs such as TDF may protect resident immune cells following coitus but sustained delivery may be required to protect immune cells subsequently recruited into the genital tract. Sustained delivery may also be critical for NNRTIs, which are rapidly transported out of cells and could be lost following sexual intercourse. An ideal approach may be a combination of drugs with complementary bioavailability profiles formulated for sustained delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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49. A Perspective on Progress and Gaps in HIV Prevention Science.
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Kiser, Patrick F., Mesquita, Pedro M. M., and Herold, Betsy C.
- Abstract
In the past few years, the transdisciplinary field of HIV prevention has reached several milestones. Topically applied tenofovir gel provided significant protection from sexual transmission of HIV in a large-scale clinical trial and oral Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) was recently approved for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) following two successful clinical trials in men and women. These achievements are tempered by the disappointing results of other clinical trials, which highlight the complexities of prevention research. In this perspective, we discuss scientific and developmental gaps for topical chemoprophylaxis of the sexual transmission of HIV, which depends on the complex interactions between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, formulation and delivery systems, anatomic site of transmission, and host mucosal immune defenses. Despite the considerable time and resources devoted to unraveling the initial steps in sexual transmission of HIV, current knowledge is based on animal models and human explanted tissue, which may not fully recapitulate what happens clinically. Understanding these events, including the role that sex hormones, semen, and mucosal secretions play in transmission, and the interplay between innate immunity, the mucosal environment, and drug efficacy is paramount. This drives some of the most pressing questions in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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50. Surface Properties and Osteoblastic Cytocompatibility of Two Blasted and Acid-Etched Titanium Implant Systems with Distinct Microtopography.
- Author
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Mesquita, Pedro, de Sousa Gomes, Pedro, Fernandes, Maria Helena, Sampaio, Paula, Afonso, Americo, and Juodzbalys, Gintaras
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DENTAL research ,DENTAL implants ,BONE marrow ,OSTEOBLASTS ,CELL differentiation ,CELL culture - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare two commercially available screw--type sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) Ti implant systems from Eckermann Laboratorium S.L., with similar geometry and distinct microtopography, regarding surface properties and osteoblastic cytocompatibility.Material and Methods: Implant I (referred as a conventional SLA system) and Implant II (a system patented as Eckcyte®) were characterized for macro and microtopograpphy, surface roughness and chemical composition. For the cytocompatibility studies, human bone marrow osteoblastic cells were seeded over the implants' surface, and the cell response was assessed for cell adhesion and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization. Results: Implant I presented a rough surface with irregularly shaped and sized cavities among flatter appearing areas, whereas Implant II exhibited a homogeneous rough microporous surface. Compared to Implant I, Implant II presented higher Ra values (0.8 [SD 0.008] µm and 1.21 [SD 0.15] µm, respectively, P < 0.05) and also increased values of Rz, Rt and Rsm, a more negative value of Rsk, and similar RKu values. XPS showed the expected presence of Ti, O, C and N; Al, Si, F, P and Ca were detected in low concentrations. Implant II exhibited significantly lower Al levels. Both implants supported the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells. Implant II showed a thicker fibrilar cell layer and an earlier onset and more abundant matrix mineralization.Conclusions: The homogeneous rough and microporous surface of Implant II is most probably a main contributor for its improved cell response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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