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The case of the “Hel” ship in Polish-Belgian relations in 1955 The article deals with the Polish-Belgian legal dispute (1955) over the legality of the arrest imposed on the Polish “Hel” ship in Antwerp. The detention of the ship resulted from previous rulings of the courts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain made enforceable by the Belgian judiciary. The Polish authorities tried to transfer the legal dispute to the political and diplomatic level. This led to a Polish-Belgian “war of notes” and the degradation of relations between Warsaw and Brussels.

Biblioteka Polska w Paryżu po II wojnie światowej stała się przedmiotem istotnego sporu w stosunkach kulturalnych między Polską a Francją. Biblioteka założona została w 1838 r. przez środowiska emigracyjne, a w 1891 r. jej własność została scedowana na Polską Akademię Umiejętności. Status prawny tej instytucji skomplikował się w 1945 r. w momencie, w którym 13 czerwca ówczesny dyrektor placówki Franciszek Pułaski podpisał z paryskim przedstawicielem Zjednoczenia Polskiego Rzymsko-Katolickiego w Ameryce akt notarialny wydzierżawienia Biblioteki tejże organizacji na 18 lat. W tym czasie, w Polsce komuniści powołali Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej, który został uznany przez Francję, dzięki czemu nawiązano stosunki dyplomatyczne z Polską Ludową. Skomplikowało to sytuację Biblioteki, a sprawa stała się przedmiotem kontrowersji między Warszawą a Paryżem.

The border on the Oder and Neisse and the Rapacki Plan as a security problem in Europe on the example of Polish-Italian-relations 1945–1959Article takes up the problem of Polish–Italian relations after the World War II and the question the Polish western border in these relations. The assessment of Italian politicians on the recognition of the border on the Oder and Neisse have been shown in the text, as well as the importance of this process for the geopolitical situation in post-war Europe. Background for the title issue was the question of the role and importance of Germany in the postwar order in Europe. Italian politicians had considered the German question as crucial for security in Europe and this dimension of foreign policy was superior for the Polish–Italian relations.

This paper is aimed to assess the impact of climate change on water regime of wetland in the area of Poiplie Ramsar site. To simulate the climate change the CGCM3.1 global model (SRES A2 pessimistic scenario and SRES B1 optimistic scenario) and KNMI and MPI regional models were selected as the most appropriate. For the 20-year reference period the years 1977–1996 was chosen, which is within the evaluation compared with the 20-year time horizons 2020, 2050 and 2080. Simulation of soil water regime was carried out using the GLOBAL model. Within the soil water regime evaluation actual evapotranspiration was evaluated in this paper. Actual evapotranspiration has in the future in the studied area also increasing course over the reference period, while the SRES A2 pessimistic scenario expected the increase of 24%, KNMI regional model the increase of 21% and SRES B1 optimistic scenario and MPI regional model the increase of 19%. The development of actual evapotranspiration is derived from the predicted increase in air temperature and pre- cipitation. On the base of these results the ongoing climate change does not cause dramatic changes in Poiplie Ramsar site, thereby this unique wetland ecosystem should be preserved in the future.