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Judith Butler’s influential writing on psychoanalytic, semiotic, linguistic and material-embodied gender performativity inspired a generation of geographers to advance critical understanding of labour and spaces of work. This paper adds to that progress by engaging with subsequent feminist, post-structuralist, materialist, and more-than-representational thinking that remains under-developed terrain for geographical studies of everyday work life. We offer ethnographic insights into on-site experiences of female building workers in China – career paths, labour practices, intimate spousal relations – evidence of (in)actions, trajectories, absences/presences, visual, vocal, linguistic, embodied, emotional, affective, material and (non)human registers of performative force. Overall, we explore more-and-less reflexive emerging, (re)surfacing, unfolding moments of meaningful, incongruent, incomplete, and contradictory ‘being’, ‘becoming’ and subjectivities ‘in-the-making’ that constitute female building workers’ undoing manual labour. Concluding, we offer theoretical, methodological and empirical reflections and signpost new research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Services for adults with intellectual disabilities in Hong Kong have a hierarchical staffing structure. Professional social workers, who performed as mid‐level employees, work with frontline support workers to deliver services to clients. Methods: This qualitative study explored social workers' experiences of working with support workers through in‐depth interviews with 13 participants. Findings: The study revealed that social workers perceived a significant variation between themselves and support workers in terms of working motivation, values and attitudes towards clients with intellectual disabilities. Despite the hierarchical relationships, social workers and support workers share the power of service decision‐making. Social workers used firm and gentle approaches to facilitate changes in practices to uphold service values. These findings were compared with Western literature on this topic, indicating similarities and differences. Conclusion: The organisations need to facilitate an effective collaboration between social workers and support workers to enhance the quality of services for adults with intellectual disabilities in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craft entrepreneurs play an essential role in creating unique and difficult-to-replicate products that enrich, complement, and reflect our culture. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of craft production, clarify the definition of the term "craft product", as well as outline the ways of its promotion. The essence of craft production was revealed, and the state of its development in Ukraine was assessed. Attention is focused on the features of craft production, and the main differences between craft products and mass-produced products were characterized. It was determined that the products of craft production are exclusive products of high quality of local production, made by hand by a separately taken crafter and in a certain quantity. The research shows that it is not enough to create a unique product; for its successful sale, it is necessary to convey information about it to consumers. The article provides suggestions on ways to promote craft products and support their producers. The list of top platforms where you can find the best craft products from Ukrainian manufacturers was presented. The current state of support for craft production in Ukraine at the state level, individual business initiatives and territorial communities has been analyzed. It was proposed to create various open online platforms for crafters, which should essentially become a place for direct communication between the producer and the consumer, as well as a meeting place for the producers of craft products themselves, which will have a positive impact on the development of craft production. Craft production is relevant for small-scale farming in the countryside, so it is necessary to stimulate its development and promotion at the legislative level.

Objectives High physical work demands can cause musculoskeletal disorders and sick leave in petroleum workers. However, our knowledge of their physical work demands is scarce and based on self-report. The objective of our study is to work towards closing this knowledge gap by assessing the physical work demands of onshore petroleum maintenance workers using body-worn sensors. Methods A total of 46 of 69 eligible maintenance workers (37 mechanics and 9 process technicians) from three onshore petroleum facilities in Norway filled in a questionnaire and diary and wore five accelerometers and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays. Work-related physical activity and postures were classified using rule-based modelling in a modified version of the validated Acti4 software. Results The onshore maintenance petroleum workers were working an average of 10 h a day and spent on average this time with 48% (SD = 16.5) sitting, 1% (SD = 2.8) lying down, 39% (SD = 16.2) in light physical activity, and 9% (SD = 3.8) in moderate to vigorous physical activity. During work hours while at feet, we found arm elevation ≥60° to be 11% (SD = 7.1) (68 min), and forward bending of the trunk ≥60° to be 2% (SD = 2.2) (14 min). The workers spent 2% (SD = 2.5) (12 minu) of the workhours kneeling. We observed a high inter-individual variation for all these work exposures. Moreover, 26% (12) of the workers conducted static standing for >30% of the workday, and 17% (8) spent more than half of the work hours >33% of their estimated maximal cardiovascular capacity. Conclusions While onshore maintenance petroleum workers on average spend about half of the workday sitting or lying down, the remaining worktime is spent with a rather high duration of arm elevation and forward bending. Quite high fraction of the workers spends much of the workhours in static standing and kneeling. We see a substantial variation in these work exposures between the workers. The findings indicate a need for preventive measures in how work is organized and performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting & Finance / Oblìk ì Fìnansi is the property of Institute of Accounting & Finance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cassava processing industry in Ghana is dominated by small-scale processors who contribute valuably in terms of processed products such as gari, cassava flour, and cassava dough, among others, and as a result play a major role in the postharvest food system of the country. Their activities depend mostly on traditional methods of processing which have limitations in relation to the quality and quantity of the processed cassava products. They also rely mostly on manual labour which can be slow, costly or unavailable. Mechanisation of key operations in cassava processing activities has been identified as a means of increasing production, reducing postharvest losses as well as saving time. This study sought to assess the need for adoption of interventions to address challenges encountered during processing of cassava into a local staple known as gari (roasted fermented cassava grits). Cassava processors in selected parts of Ashanti and Bono East regions of Ghana were involved in the study. Focus group discussions and semi-structured questionnaires were employed for data collection. Results show that the main technological interventions used by small-scale processors in gari production are the grating machine and screw press. It was, however, noted that other key areas that require interventions are peeling and roasting. All the processors interviewed use manual means for cassava peeling and it was identified as the operation that requires the highest number of persons (15-18 people), to peel about 5-6 tonnes of cassava using about 6-9 hours. The process of manual peeling was identified as the main source of postharvest loss during small-scale processing of gari, resulting in about 13.90 (±1.26) % loss of fresh cassava which can produce about 178 kg of gari (from 5-6 tonnes of cassava). An effective mechanical peeler is therefore identified as key to facilitate gari processing in terms of operation speed and eliminating the over-dependence on manual labour. Other important developed interventions like mechanical roasters and improved stoves are also recommended to enhance gari processing. Outcome from this study is useful to researchers, investors, processors, policy makers and other stakeholders on the specific aspects of the gari processing to focus on in terms of research and investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Psychotechnics', Weimar Germany's science du jour, typically is framed as a symptom of 'technological media' – obscuring the persistent significance of 'dexterity', 'skill' and 'manual labour' at the time. More broadly, there is a tendency to construe 'the haptic' as predominantly a casualty of modernity: skilled hands replaced by conveyor belts; skilled hands defended by the rearguard actions of arts-and-crafts movements; skilled hands destroyed by industrialized warfare. Drawing on contemporary investigations into the 'organ of touch', this essay aims to complicate this picture by reconstructing the proto-ergonomic project of Friedrich Herig, a German engineer, amateur prehistorian and expert on craft labour who rose to distinction in the 1920s as a designer of 'ideal' hand tools. Herig's eclectic sources of inspiration reveal that matters of 'touch', far from obsolete, were intimately bound up with matters of tools – their design, uses and putative origins – and thus, with matters of (manual) labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Industry 4.0" marks the advent of a new wave of industrial robotics designed to bring increased automation to "extreme" touch practices and enhance productivity. This article presents an ethnography of touch in two industrial settings using fourth generation industrial robots (a Glass Factory and a Waste Management Center) to critically explore the social and sensorial implications of such technologies for workers. We attend to manifestations of dirt and danger as encountered through describing workers' sensory experiences and identity formation. The contribution of the article is two-fold. The first is analytical through the development of three "filters" to grasp the complexity of the social and sensorial dynamics of touch in situ while tracing dispersed mediating effects of the introduction of novel technologies. The second is empirical, teasing out themes embedded in the sociosensorial dynamics of touch that intersect with gender, ethnicity, and class and relate to the technological mediation of touch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Leg pain, especially of the knees and hips, is common among senior workers and may limit the ability to perform physically demanding work. In light of the aging workforce, this study determined the joint association of physical work demands and leg pain intensity for work-limiting pain in senior workers. Methods Currently employed senior workers (≥50 years) participated in the SeniorWorkingLife study in 2018 (n = 12,879). Associations between the combination of physical work demands and leg pain intensity (interaction) with work-limiting pain (outcome) were modeled using binary logistic regression analyses while controlling for potential covariates. Results We found a significant interaction (P

The main focus in this article is to analyse representations of body and class in strength sport and boxing in a Swedish context during the period 1910–1960, as well as their deeper societal meanings. The concepts of profession, body and class are understood in close connection to the theoretical concepts of value and capital. This study's understanding of class and group affiliation differs from more traditional class analyses. It is argued for an in-depth understanding of how such processes take place and work through a broader concept of class. Representations are examined through magazines closely connected to the sports, as well as identification through autobiographies, written by prominent athletes during the early and mid twentieth century. The study shows a close link between these sports and manual labour. Physically strenuous work functioned both as a training regime in itself but was also presented as a way to be 'discovered'. However, the close connection to the working class and manual labour groups meant that physical strength came to be seen as something natural. Sporting success was also locked into body capital, which also had a relatively low exchange value in relation to other forms of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates mechanisms of class reproduction by looking at school-to-work transitions of young blue-collar workers from Austria. The study adopts a Bourdieusian explanatory framework to show how working-class kids are guided towards picking up apprenticeship training instead of pursuing further education. Two classed dispositions are presented as a crucial influence: first, a preference for practical and manual labour. Second, the embodiment of wage labour not only as an economic necessity but as a foundation for recognition and appreciation. The results point to the importance of analysing educational decision-making not only in the context of the educational system but also with regard to the labour market and the different values and meanings attached to both spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying Bourdieu's theory of social reproduction, this article deals with workers' family-of-origin class position and the associated socialisation processes as systematic influencers of individual work orientations and commitment to work. It draws on a study of young blue-collar workers in Austria to argue how growing up in a working-class setting shapes dispositions that contribute to the commitment to manual work. The results show how these dispositions influence the assessment of work and, in particular, support a positive relationship with manual work and physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leg pain, especially of the knees and hips, is common among senior workers and may limit the ability to perform physically demanding work. In light of the aging workforce, this study determined the joint association of physical work demands and leg pain intensity for work-limiting pain in senior workers.Methods: Currently employed senior workers (≥50 years) participated in the SeniorWorkingLife study in 2018 (n = 12,879). Associations between the combination of physical work demands and leg pain intensity (interaction) with work-limiting pain (outcome) were modeled using binary logistic regression analyses while controlling for potential covariates.Results: We found a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between physical work demands and leg pain intensity for work-limiting pain. The combination of higher physical work demands and higher leg pain intensity had the worst outcome in terms of the odds of experiencing work-limiting pain. For example, 70% of those with the combination of high physical work demands and leg pain intensity ≥7 (scale 0-10) experienced that the pain limited them to at least some degree in their work.Conclusions: The combination of high physical work demands and high leg pain intensity are associated with limited ability to perform work among senior workers. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing the physical work environment in physically demanding occupations, particularly among senior workers, for prolonging working life. Thus, adjusting the work demands, e.g. through use of assistive devices, and lowering the pain, e.g. through physical rehabilitation, may be necessary to sustain work ability to a high age in this group of workers.Trial Registration: This was registered as a cohort study in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03634410 ) on the 18th of August 2018 (Retrospectively registered). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, non-farm trajectories for the dispossessed are interrogated through a case where the state acquires agricultural land for an industrial area in Maharashtra, India. The empirical case arguably presents an 'ideal type' to observe the possibilities of a classical 'transition' to factory employment for dispossessed rural landholders in the neoliberal era. In the manufacturing hub that develops, male and female members from Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe groups carve out precarious manual labour opportunities. By disaggregating informal labour by caste and gender and identifying mechanisms through which work is made and kept precarious, the analysis adds specificity to debates on both rural dispossession and informal labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Перед вами начальные главы концептуальной работы под названием «Технология музыкальной выразительности», в которой сделана еще одна попытка исследования проблемы музыкальной интерпретации с точки зрения специфики ее восприятия исполнителем. Методом структурного анализа автор исследует традиционные аспекты музыкальной формы, не как следствие привычной образно-чувственной рефлексии, а как изолированные объекты звуковых интенсивностей различного порядка в том виде, в котором это запечатлено в исполнительских ощущениях. Это попытка предельной формализации компонентов музыкальной формы, придания более высокой ценности технологии музыкального воспроизводства, доказавшим свою действенность на практике, позволившей достигать высоких художественных результатов почти независимо от уровня музыкальных способностей. Отличие используемого метода от практикуемого традиционной методикой состоит в том, что работа с музыкальной формой осуществляется на более глубоком, «молекулярном» уровне, чем это допускает исполнительс кая технология традиционной школы. В частности, термин «музыкальный текст» рассматривается здесь не в традиционно-эмпирическом контексте, а имеет семиотический смысл и определяет семантические отношения между знаками (нотами) и их объектами (звуками); а также роль, которую понятие «знак» играет в отношениях между ним и тем, кто им пользуется, что вынуждает по-новому взглянуть на содержание и значение исполнительского интеллекта, а также личность самого исполнителя, в том числе и на особенности его социального статуса.

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Educatio Artis Gymnasticae is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates Dalits' dreams and desires for education in the United Provinces by examining hitherto unexplored records of the American Methodist Church missionaries and the Arya Samaj from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Focussed on the schools opened for Dalits and Dalit Christian converts by these two religious organisations, it explores the schools' visions and objectives. The article presents the history of Dalit education beyond the existing dominant analytical frame of educational access and exclusion. It suggests that the mere inclusion of marginalised groups in educational institutions did not guarantee equality; rather, inclusion set in train a process for producing newer forms of exclusion, inequality and suppression. I argue that while these schools opened an important window for Dalit education in the region, the education offered was limited, hierarchical and practical. Both Christian missionaries and Arya Samajis saw Dalits primarily as a labouring community, and the education they offered reflected this thinking; it aimed at making Dalits productive, disciplined and loyal beings. Nevertheless, this limited education allowed Dalits to dream of a literate and dignified life and to pursue non-manual labouring careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1882, the Footscray Rowing Club (FRC) eight-oared crew, labelled the 'dirty moleskin crowd', claimed outright possession of the greatest amateur trophy in Australian sport, rowing's 'W.J. T. Clarke Challenge Cup', after winning it for the third consecutive year at the Annual Melbourne Regatta. The feat catapulted the FRC to the pinnacle of the rowing fraternity in the colony, helping it achieve widespread acclaim. However, the postscript to the achievement was just as captivating and had far greater ramifications for Victorian rowing, not the least of which were ructions associated with the contentious manual labour question. This paper draws on newspaper accounts to address various themes affecting Victorian rowing and society in general, including the amateur-manual labour debate, community and civic pride, masculinity and social deference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we argue that the power structure that lies within the UK elite universities dictates a division of labour through which the inflows of overseas academics into the UK academic labour markets are skewed towards these elite academic institutions where they are employed primarily in research-only posts. These posts, are less valued and are difficult to fill by UK academics. This explains the over-concentration non-UK academics within these posts and suggests that it is not a coincidence, but a result of a division of labour in which they are ‘used’ as a replacement labour. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Food security in the future will require sustained increases in agricultural productivity with efficient use of resources in intensive farming systems. We studied the energy efficiency of irrigated lowland rice production in double-rice cropping systems in farmers’ fields, experimental triple-rice systems, and experimental diversified cropping systems in the Philippines. The mean total agronomic energy input (AEI) expended on rice crops in farmers’ fields varied from 12.4 to 13.1 GJ ha −1 . The AEI for rice varied from 12.8 to 22.8 GJ ha −1 in the triple-rice system and 15.3 to 30.9 GJ ha −1 in diversified rice-based systems. The combined energy use in N fertiliser and fossil fuel accounted for more than 60% of total AEI used in farmers’ fields and over 75% of total AEI used in experimental fields. Manual labour accounted for less than 3% of the total AEI in these systems. Mean net energy yield productivity (NEY p ) of the rice produced varied from 11.3 to 12.3 GJ Mg −1 of grain yield in farmers’ fields, 12 to 12.5 GJ Mg −1 of grain yield in triple-rice production, and 9.3 to 10.2 GJ Mg −1 of grain yield in diversified rice-based systems. Future rice production systems will require more mechanisation as labour supply becomes insufficient to meet demand. Such rice production systems of the future will require innovative agronomic practices to achieve high yields, high fertiliser use efficiency, and low fossil fuel demands in order to match or exceed the energy efficiency of current rice farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the procedures that apply at the moment in bread manufacture industry, especially the order procedure and global procedures, presents a great importance, in that, the calculation of the cost constitutes the economic model that represents the value of the enterprise production. As a result of looking solutions to assure an operative control of the costs, came out, the standard-cost procedure and the normative procedure. These are complex calculation procedures, integrating the standard ante-calculation, respectively normative, with post-calculation, this one consists from an operative system of following and controlling the costs. These two procedures have enough points in common, meaning that both suppose a detailed ante-calculation basing standards (norms) of unit and total costs of production, maintaining them in a permanent average regarding the real conditions of the production, the differences referring especially to the way of administrating the estimated production expenses. The main characteristic of standard-cost procedure consists in the existence of a proper frame for the operative comparisons between effective expenses and the preordained ones, considered as a reference basis. The application of the standard-cost procedure, in the version standard- single cost, leads to the increase of the practice value of the countable information and, implicitly, to the organization improvement of the economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]