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We show how two different mobile-immobile type models explain the observation of negative diffusion of excitons reported in experimental studies in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor systems. The main reason for the effect is the initial trapping and a delayed release of free excitons in the area close to the original excitation spot. The density of trapped excitons is not registered experimentally. Hence, the signal from the free excitons alone includes the delayed release of not diffusing trapped particles. This is seen as the narrowing of the exciton density profile or decrease of mean-squared displacement which is then interpreted as a negative diffusion. The effect is enhanced with the increase of recombination intensity as well as the rate of the exciton–exciton binary interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectric properties of the F8BT polymer are investigated by the Constant photocurrent method (CPM) based on the photocurrent spectra Δjph(hν) and absorption spectra αCPM(hν). The negligibly weak dependence of charge carriers lifetime on the photon energy is found for hν = 2.2–2.7 eV. The peculiarities of the absorption spectra and the photoconductivity spectra are revealed to be determined mainly by the Gaussian distribution of the density of states (DOS). The density of trap states in the F8BT polymer thin films in the exponential DOS is estimated to be 103 times higher than in the Gaussian DOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunable interactions between colloidal particles, governed by external rotating electric or magnetic fields, yield rich capabilities for prospective self-assembly technologies of materials and fundamental particle-resolved studies of phase transitions and transport phenomena in soft matter. However, the role of the internal structure of colloidal particles in the tunable interactions has never been systematically investigated. Here, we study the tunable interactions between composite particles with core–shell structure in a rotating electric field and show that the engineering of their internal structure provides an effective tool for designing the interactions. We generalized an integral theory and studied the tunable interactions between core–shell particles with homogeneous cores (layered particles) and cores with nano-inclusions to reveal the main trends in the interactions influenced by the structure. We found that depending on the materials of the core, shell, and solvent, the interactions with the attractive pairwise part and positive or negative three-body part can be obtained, as well as pairwise repulsion with attractive three-body interactions (for triangular triplets). The latter case is observed for the first time, being unattainable for homogeneous particles but feasible with core–shell particles: Qualitatively similar interactions are inherent to charged colloids (repulsive pairwise and attractive three-body energies), known as a model system of globular proteins. The methods and conclusions of our paper can be generalized for magnetic and 3D colloidal systems. The results make a significant advance in the analysis of tunable interactions in colloidal systems, which are of broad interest in condensed matter, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) is an up-conversion phonon-assisted process of radiative recombination of photoexcited charge carriers when the ASPL photon energy is above the excitation one. This process can be very efficient in nanocrystals (NCs) of metalorganic and inorganic semiconductors with perovskite (Pe) crystal structure. In this review, we present an analysis of the basic mechanisms of ASPL and discuss its efficiency depending on the size distribution and surface passivation of Pe-NCs as well as the optical excitation energy and temperature. When the ASPL process is sufficiently efficient, it can result in an escape of most of the optical excitation together with the phonon energy from the Pe-NCs. It can be used in optical fully solid-state cooling or optical refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffusion of excitons in perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides shows clear anomalous, subdiffusive behaviour in experiments. In this paper we develop a non-Markovian mobile–immobile model which provides an explanation of this behaviour through paired theoretical and simulation approaches. The simulation model is based on a random walk on a 2D lattice with randomly distributed deep traps such that the trapping time distribution involves slowly decaying power-law asymptotics. The theoretical model uses coupled diffusion and rate equations for free and trapped excitons, respectively, with an integral term responsible for trapping. The model provides a good fitting of the experimental data, thus, showing a way for quantifying the exciton diffusion dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coupled oscillators are one of the basic models in nonlinear dynamics. Here, we study numerically and analytically the spectra of two harmonic oscillators with stochastically fluctuating coupling and driving forces reproducing a thermostat. We show that, even at small coupling, vanishing on average, the oscillation spectra exhibit mixing, even though no cross-correlations exists between the oscillators. Our results reveal a new mechanism of mode mixing for stochastically uncorrelated systems that is crucial for analysis of spectra in various systems, from simple liquids to living systems.

We report the experimental observation of the UV-visible upconverted luminescence of bulk silicon under pulsed infrared excitation. We demonstrate that non-stationary distribution of excited carriers leads to the emission at spectral bands never to our knowledge observed before. We show that the doping type and concentration alter the shape of luminescence spectra. Silicon nanoparticles have a size between quantum-confined and Mie-type limits (10-100 nm) yet show increased luminescence intensity when placed atop a silicon wafer. The findings demonstrate that upconversion luminescence can become a powerful tool for nearest future silicon wafer inspection systems as a multimodal technique of measuring the several parameters of the wafer simultaneously.