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The article titled "Megalomania and Microphilia" by Vilém Flusser discusses the limitations of human experience in terms of dimensions. Flusser argues that our range of experience is narrow compared to the supposedly unlimited and infinitely divisible scale of dimensions. He explores the problems that arise when we extend our dimensions through tools like microscopes and scientific theories, suggesting that this extension dilutes our experience and introduces imaginary and conceptual characteristics. Flusser concludes that science dehumanizes by diluting our experience, but also humanizes by allowing us to overcome our circumstances. [Extracted from the article]

Transformational leaders challenge the status quo, provide a vision of a promising future, and motivate and inspire their followers to join in the pursuit of a better world. But many of these leaders also fit the American Psychiatric Association classification for narcissistic personality disorder. They are grandiose, entitled, self-confident, risk seeking, manipulative, and hostile. This article reviews the literature on narcissism and shows how what we think of as transformational leadership overlaps substantially with grandiose narcissism. As grandiose narcissists can appear as transformational leaders, it is important to distinguish between what leadership scholars have characterized as "transformational" and these "pseudo-transformational" candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There is now evidence that certain psychopathic personality components have their roots in a dysfunctional family of origin. Looking at this phenomenon from the perspective of Jeffrey E. Young's theory, we can surmise that the early negative experiences of people with psychopathic personality traits may have influenced the formation of specific maladaptive schemas. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Young's early maladaptive schemas and psychopathic personality traits in a non-clinical population. Methods: The study involved 150 individuals aged 18 to 45. Eighty-six percent of the study group were women. The Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale - Revised (PPTS-R) and the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), designed to test the intensity of psychopathic traits in the study group, were used. Young's Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3-PL) was applied to measure Young's early maladaptive schemas. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant positive correlations between the severity of psychopathy as measured by the TriPM and the following schemas: Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, Entitlement/Grandiosity, Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline, and Approval Seeking/Recognition Seeking. For the PPTS-R scale, positive correlations were found for thirteen of the eighteen schemas. The strongest correlations across questionnaires were found for the Entitlement/Grandiosity schema. The domain of early maladaptive schemas most strongly associated with psychopathy was Impaired Limits. Conclusions: The Entitlement/Grandiosity, Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline, Mistrust/Abuse, and Emotional Deprivation schemas are all associated with psychopathic personality traits. The strongest correlations are in the Entitlement/Grandiosity schema. The domain of early maladaptive schemas most strongly associated with psychopathy is the Impaired Limits domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Should clinicians follow prevailing biomedical warnings against attending to the content of psychotic speech? This account of bipolar manic psychosis describes the beliefs of a young woman that included the meaning of life, demonic attacks, and becoming president. A diagnosis of delusions of grandeur prompted a dehumanizing hospitalization and a debilitating course of medication; as well as enduring inpatient ward violence dismissed as further evidence of psychotic symptoms. Only by instead understanding the meaning within these beliefs was their transformative potential realized. She was able to forgo medication and other treatments and embark on a professional in mental health, offering a new response to clients wherein being listened to, discovery, and self-actualization are at the center of care. Psychotic crisis is best understood as an attempt to make sense of traumatic and overwhelming life circumstances in a context of isolation and mistrust. Instead of disease management, relationship building across different perceived realities offers the opportunity to regain social connection and control over one's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical psychiatric cases, the placement of a nasogastric tube is occasionally considered. If a patient who presents with mania or other psychiatric conditions refuses to take drugs, they are administered via the nasogastric tube. The tablet is crushed, suspended, passed via the nasogastric line, and reaches the stomach directly. However, the effects of these processes on blood drug concentrations remain unclear. Herein, we report a patient with bipolar I disorder who presented with low blood lithium carbonate (Li) concentrations after receiving the drug via the nasogastric tube. Case: A 26-year-old woman developed manic symptoms with grandeur delusion. She was admitted to a psychiatric hospital three times after diagnosis. Her manic symptoms with delusion improved with Li and aripiprazole (ARP). Her condition stabilized with Li 800 mg/day and ARP 9 mg/day. After the Li dose was reduced to 600 mg/day, she maintained remission, with the blood level range of Li being 0.31 0.42 mEq/L. After 1 year, she was admitted to our hospital due to a jaw deformity. During the perioperative period, treatment with oral Li was discontinued by the surgeons, and her manic symptoms recurred. During therapy with olanzapine 20 mg and Li 800 mg, her blood Li concentration was 0.67 mEq/L. The symptoms remained. Hence, the Li dose increased to 1,000 mg/day. However, she refused to take the medication. Thus, a nasogastric tube was used to administer medicines. Thereafter, the blood Li concentration decreased to 0.43 mEq/L, which was lesser than 800 mg/day. Each blood sample was collected approximately 18 h after the administration. Her symptoms remained. Thereafter, she agreed to take the medication, and the Li concentration reached 0.78 mEq/L. Then, the symptoms partly improved Conclusion: After the administration of Li via the nasogastric tube, the Li concentration decreased, which was lower than expected. This phenomenon could be attributed to the fact that the medication was crushed, suspended, and administered via the nasogastric tube. Therefore, pulverizing and administering Li tablets via the nasogastric tube can be applied for the management of mania, however, caution should be observed because of the risk of fluctuations in blood Li levels, as in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on employee burnout by investigating the moderating effects of perceived organizational support on this relationship. A cross-sectional design was performed to collect data via questionnaires from 463 health employees. Results revealed that there is a significant and negative relationship between PsyCap and employee burnout. Further, results show that perceived organizational support moderates the PsyCap-burnout relationship. However, high level of organizational support was not significant for this relationship. Some implications of these findings conclude the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Narcissism can manifest in grandiose and vulnerable patterns of experience and behavior. While largely unrelated in the general population, individuals with clinically relevant narcissism are thought to display both. Our previous studies showed that trait measures of grandiosity and vulnerability were unrelated at low‐to‐moderate levels of grandiose narcissism, but related at high levels. Method: We replicate and extend these findings in a preregistered individual data meta‐analysis ("mega‐analysis") using data from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)/Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS; N = 10,519, k = 28) and the Five‐Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI; N = 7,738, k = 17). Results: There was strong evidence for the hypothesis in the FFNI (βGrandiose < 1SD =.08, βGrandiose > 1SD =.36, βGrandiose > 2SD =.53), and weaker evidence in the NPI/HSNS (βGrandiose < 1SD =.00, βGrandiose > 1SD =.12, βGrandiose > 2SD =.32). Nonlinearity increased with age but was invariant across other moderators. Higher vulnerability was predicted by elevated antagonistic and low agentic narcissism at subfactor level. Conclusion: Narcissistic vulnerability increases at high levels of grandiosity. Interpreted along Whole Trait Theory, the effects are thought to reflect state changes echoing in trait measures and can help to link personality and clinical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues against the notion that Hygelac is characterized negatively in Beowulf. It reassesses the historical and legendary traditions concerning his final raid and contends that the Beowulf poet represented Hygelac not as a foolish or arrogant king, but as an admirable figure imbued with a sense of tragic grandeur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a book by Monika Sawicka that examines Brazil's foreign policy and its aspirations to become a global great power. The book applies role theory to analyze Brazil's diplomatic successes and failures, focusing on its roles as an integrator in its region, a donor in Africa, a mediator in the Middle East, and a coalition-builder in the global South. The author explores the ideational factors that influence Brazil's international standing and examines the country's identity and perceptions. While the book provides an overview of Brazilian foreign policy in the twenty-first century, the author of the article disagrees with some of the points made by Sawicka. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Erotomania, was described in 1942, is more common in women than in men, although the incidence is unknown. This syndrome is usually characterized by a young woman with the illusion that a man whom she considers to be of a higher social or professional position is in love with her. Developing an elaborate delusional process about this man, his love, his pursuit and total commitment to the idea. Two forms, pure or secondary, are described. As well as fixed or recurring 52-year-old female patient in outpatient follow-up with a diagnosis of schizophrenia with long-term follow-up, start of follow-up by a new therapist, in this context intensive follow-up is carried out in the event of the appearance of pharmacological secondary effects, pharmacological readjustment is carried out with good results. During the joint follow-up with nursing, the cessation of secondaryisms is confirmed and we are informed of the gradual appearance of overvalued ideas in relation to the new therapist, which are gradually structured in the form of erotomanic delirium that coincides with the cessation of follow-up by said therapist. Consultations in the emergency room occur on a couple of occasions due to mild behavioral alterations secondary to messages and communications that he reports receiving where said love is confirmed. Despite readjustments, there continues to be an increase in clinical symptoms due to abandonment of medication, finally producing serious alterations aimed at the search for said therapist, finally culminating in admission to the acute care unit for containment of said condition. Objectives: The objetives is the diferencial diagnosis, in this case symptoms could be classified as positive symptoms of schizophrenia, although it is its own nosological entity. Methods:. Results:. Conclusions: This patient represents a classic example of De Clerambault syndrome and is a faithful expression of the recurrent syndrome associated with delusions of grandeur, eroticism and jealousy. There have also been ideas of reference and agitated behavior associated with his delusional process. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his defenses of empire, Alexis de Tocqueville emphasized the need to achieve grandeur for France, and his writings on Algeria have shaped our understanding of his political career. In pursuing empire abroad as a remedy for weak politics at home, scholars maintain that Tocqueville abandoned the participatory politics of Democracy in America. This essay argues, however, that the focus on Tocqueville's international turn has obscured his interest in the greatness of domestic party politics. It demonstrates that Tocqueville championed a version of grandeur tied to the latent energies of the lower classes and distinct from the Bonapartism and aristocratic nostalgia that characterized his thoughts on empire. This version of grandeur was a political reclamation of disagreement and debate that supported great party opposition to counter the malaise of bourgeois rule. The essay concludes by comparing Tocqueville's attitude toward foreign others, whose freedoms had to be sacrificed to the cause of French nationalism, with his description of the lower classes within his own nation, whose inclusion in the franchise could foster great politics. This comparison enables us to draw modest lessons for interpreting political grandeur in the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article is looking to reflect on the various important touchstones of "grand theory" and "big thinkers" that can be framed when engaging empirical evidence in property economics research. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is reflexive in nature, using experiential reflection to consider theory in property economics. The importance of "methodology" is emphasised rather than "method". Findings: Using reflexive mode, the paper does not have "findings" as such: if the views expressed are accepted, then a research agenda to better understand property economics research is implied. Research limitations/implications: The nature of reflection is that it follows from the writer's experiential processes and interpretations. The reader may come from a different stance. Broadly accepting the propositions, there is a call for property economics research to be formulated in reason and logic, particularly as humans do not reason from facts alone. Such reasoned thinking could for example be in the property economic concepts of space and place, contracts and justice, capital and financialisation. Practical implications: To engage with such theory would provide some depth of philosophical roots for property as a discipline. Elevating property as a "real-world" discipline rather than simply an applied mathematics discipline. Social implications: The paper enables an understanding of how property economics research can benefit from more ontology and more inductive reasoning. Originality/value: The paper reflects the views and experience of the author based on over 15 years of research in property economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual humility plays a crucial role among intellectual virtues. It has attracted considerable attention from virtue epistemologists, who have offered a fair number of treatments. In this essay, I argue that, regardless of the difference among these treatments, they are beset by two problems: (1) they fall into a circular argument; (2) they fall into a self-referential contradiction. I then argue that a recent proposal by D. Pritchard allows us to avoid (1), but not (2). However, by combining this proposal with another reflection advanced by the same author while he discusses the Wittgensteinian notion of hinge commitments, it is possible to avoid (2). The thesis that emerges is that only a partial application of intellectual humility solves (2). Finally, I reinforce this thesis by rejecting an alternative solution to (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an attempt to reply to a number of theoretical and epistemological issues frequently addressed in contemporary evolutionary psychology. We adopt a critical approach to both the empiricist conceit so often underlying the discipline and its core premises around the relationship between mind and biological evolution. As an alternative we take a constructivist view from which we propose to broach that relationship through the so-called Baldwin effect. That phenomenon, widely known among evolutionary biologists today, enables us to elude simplistic approaches to the problem of the relationship between psychology and evolution. It also affords a perspective for re-focusing the issues on the activity of organisms and the classic inter-connections among phylogenesis, historiogenesis and ontogenesis. The study concludes with a warning about the limitations to explanation that should be assumed by any psychological postulate with universally comprehensive pretensions, an issue evocative of the inevitable and structural crisis in which psychology should agree to transpire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the sense of agency is often reduced if not absent in dreams, our agentive dream experiences can at times be similar to or enhanced compared to waking. The sense of agency displayed in dreams is perplexing as we are mostly shut off from real stimulus whilst asleep. Theories of waking sense of agency, in particular, comparator and holistic models, are analysed in order to argue that despite the isolation from the real environment, these models can help account for dream experience. The dreamer might feel an increased sense of control of their dream bodies and a sense that they can directly control elements of the dream world. Such experiences may at times be caused by superstitious or delusional thinking due to altered cognition and changes to the sleeping brain. Here it is argued that some such experiences are akin to specific waking delusions, such as delusions of grandeur, with similar cognitive features. However, other instances of increased sense of agency in dreaming appear to be sui generis and nothing like what we experience when awake. Lucid control dreams, in which the dreamer realises that they are dreaming and that they can control the dream environment, are examples of such an experience although further nuance is required to account for their specific cognitive attributes. Future empirical research should focus on controlled dream reporting conditions in order to clarify the types of experience that occur and determine the relevant cognitive mechanisms that relate to each type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this posthumously published paper, James Thweatt describes the archetype of the puer aeternus—known within Jungian thought as the fascinating but undependable youth who, despite aging, cannot mature psychologically into adulthood—and shows how dominant this archetype was in the character and psyche of Adolf Hitler. Drawing on descriptions of the archetype from James Hillman and Marie-Louise von Franz as well as on numerous biographical sources, Thweatt brings insight and a measure of empathy to the vexing question of how Hitler came to be such a charismatic but catastrophically unmoored political leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories of narcissism emphasize the dynamic processes within and between grandiosity and vulnerability. Research seeking to address this has either not studied grandiosity and vulnerability together or has used dispositional measures to assess what are considered to be momentary states. Emerging models of narcissism suggest grandiosity and vulnerability can further be differentiated into a three-factor structure—Exhibitionistic Grandiosity, Entitlement, and Vulnerability. Research in other areas of maladaptive personality (e.g., borderline personality disorder) has made headway in engaging data collection and analytic methods that are specifically meant to examine such questions. The present study took an exploratory approach to studying fluctuations within and between grandiose and vulnerable states. Fluctuations—operationalized as gross variability, instability, and lagged effects—were examined across three samples (two undergraduate and a community sample oversampled for narcissistic features; total person N = 862, total observation N = 36,631). Results suggest variability in narcissistic states from moment to moment is moderately associated with dispositional assessments of narcissism. Specifically, individuals who are dispositionally grandiose express both grandiosity and vulnerability, and vary in their overall levels of grandiosity and vulnerability over time. On the other hand, dispositionally vulnerable individuals tend to have high levels of vulnerability and low levels of grandiosity. Entitlement plays a key role in the processes that underlie narcissism and narcissistic processes appear unique to the construct and not reflective of broader psychological processes (e.g., self-esteem). Future research should consider using similar methods and statistical techniques on different timescales to study dynamics within narcissism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the original score for the 2015 film The Childhood of a Leader, which was composed by the enigmatic and reclusive popstar-turned-avant-garde-experimentalist Scott Walker. In particular, the analysis here considers that important function that Walker's score plays in illuminating the central protagonist's evolving megalomaniacal state. The film's narration of a would-be Fascist leader's childhood is punctuated and enhanced by Walker's challenging and aggressive composition, which aurally complements and symbolises the growing disquiet in the youngster's mind. Focussing firstly on the significant influence of European art and culture on Walker's musical style and the role of European cinema and aesthetics in Brady Corbet's direction of the film, the understanding of Walker's sonic techniques and their use in the film become contextualised with a specific grounding in 'European Imagination'. The article also explores the combination of sound and images through conceptual and theoretical notions such as Gilles Deleuze's 'any-space-whatever'; the use of avant-garde sound techniques such as cacophony and distortion in the composition and sound mixing; before concluding with a textual analysis of the film's primary creative mode of aligning music to the characterisation of a megalomaniacal mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Paolo Sorrentino's portrayal of moral degradation and pursuit of power in his twin biopics about Silvio Berlusconi: Loro 1 and Loro 2 (2018). It does so by performing a psychological reading of Sorrentino's representation of Berlusconi, as someone suffering from a personality disorder characterised by excessive power striving. It argues that this obsession with power also affects most of the films' characters, who become obsessed with entering Berlusconi's inner circle – the pinnacle of wealth and power in a neoliberal society. In particular, it argues that their power striving circulates 'virally' in the film's narrative; the characters are willing to do anything to befriend their idol and attain absolute power. The ensuing analysis shows that Sorrentino's portrayal of Berlusconi – as the embodiment of a highly dysfunctional and obsessive, viral quest for power – comes to represent the deep pervasiveness of corruption, hedonism and commodification that marked the Second Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of fitness is central to evolutionary biology, yet it is difficult to define and to measure. In plant biology, fitness is often measured as seed count. However, under an array of circumstances, seed count may be a biased proxy of fitness, for example when individuals vary in allocation to sexual versus asexual reproduction. A more subtle example, but also likely to be important in natural populations, is when interindividual variation in conditions during development results in variation in offspring quality among seed parents. In monocarpic (semelparous) plants, this is expected to result from variation in effective season length experienced among individuals that reach reproductive maturity at different times. Here, we manipulate growing season length to ask whether seed count is an accurate representation of parental fitness in the monocarpic herb Lobelia inflata. Simple seed count suggests a paradoxical fitness advantage under constrained‐season length. However, we find that the apparent fitness advantage of a constrained‐season length is overridden by low relative per‐seed fitness. Furthermore, the fitness deficit in the constrained environment is associated primarily with an accelerating decrease in viability and seedling survival in seeds derived from fruits produced progressively later in the season. In this study, the overall fitness value of a seed under a constrained season is 0.774 of that observed under a long season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current crisis is setting ominous precedents for would-be authoritarians, but it does not appear to be a game changer in the tussle between democratic and authoritarian regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to study Marlowe's play Tamburlaine the Great mainly the theme of Pride and Megalomania that forms a dominant theme among other themes. Pride according to Collins CobuildEnglish Language Dictionary: ]1987: 1138[ is: a sense of dignity and self-respect that a person has….… a feeling of being superior to others which makes a person boast and ignore other person's feelings and advice; used showing disapproval. Pride also indicates being out of touch with reality and over estimating one's own capabilities especially for those in position of power. However, pride in its positive meaning refers to a satisfied sense of attachment towards one's own choicesand actions, or towards a whole group of people or community. It also could refer to the high opinion of one's nation which is called "national pride". Pride also is regarded as one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christianity that exposes its fellow to heavenly retribution if he/she does not repent. It was commonly used in the European medieval morality drama. In the ancient Greek tragedy pride was also used synonymous with the Greek term "hubris"which means;]Gray: 2008: 138[: “Theself-indulgent confidence that causes a tragic hero to ignore the decrees, laws and warnings of the gods, and therefore defy them to bring about his or her downfall". Megalomania, on the other hand, is derived from the Greek words „megalo‟ which means larger or greater and 'mania'which means madness or frenzy. According to the English Language Dictionary ]1987: 904[megalomania "is the belief that you are more powerful and important than you really are.Megalomania is sometimes a mental illness." Thus it is taken as a psychopathological order characterized by delusional fantasies of power or omnipotence. The paper's task, then, is to tackle the theme of pride and megalomania. It is, thus, a thematic study in one of the most remarkable plays of the English Renaissance period. The play is also a magnificent piece of rhetoric that one cannot help but to be greatly attached to it. The paper refers to many quotations taken from the play due to their dramatic significance. They show how brilliantly and successfully Marlowe introduces his themes through these sublime lines of free verse. They also manifest Marlowe's –the teen- aged student at Cambridge University – poetic and dramatic talent to compose such great drama enriched with rhetoric and a great deal of historical and mythological knowledge. The paper is divided into the following main chapters: Chapter One includes brief account on Marlowe's time and drama, the source of the play and a plot summary. Chapter Two analyses Tamburlaine's character as a symbol of cruelty and brutality. Chapter Threeis devoted to the analysis of the theme of pride and megalomania that is embodied in Tamburlaine's character. Chapter Four includes brief analysis of two minor themes in the play, the theme of love and the theme of pacifism in the tremendous turmoil of hatred and war. The paper comes to conclusion that the theme of pride and megalomania preoccupies the main part in the content of the drama. It confirms the fact that pride and megalomania are dangerous and destructive evils to both the individual and society. The paper also concludes that Tamburlaine the Great is more a morality play than a tragedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paranoia is a highly debilitating mental health condition. One novel intervention for paranoia is cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa). CBM-pa comes from a class of interventions that focus on manipulating interpretation bias. Here, we aimed to develop and evaluate new therapy content for CBM-pa for later use in a self-administered digital therapeutic for paranoia called STOP ("Successful Treatment of Paranoia")., Objective: This study aimed to (1) take a user-centered approach with input from living experts, clinicians, and academics to create and evaluate paranoia-relevant item content to be used in STOP and (2) engage with living experts and the design team from a digital health care solutions company to cocreate and pilot-test the STOP mobile app prototype., Methods: We invited 18 people with living or lived experiences of paranoia to create text exemplars of personal, everyday emotionally ambiguous scenarios that could provoke paranoid thoughts. Researchers then adapted 240 suitable exemplars into corresponding intervention items in the format commonly used for CBM training and created 240 control items for the purpose of testing STOP. Each item included newly developed, visually enriching graphics content to increase the engagement and realism of the basic text scenarios. All items were then evaluated for their paranoia severity and readability by living experts (n=8) and clinicians (n=7) and for their item length by the research team. Items were evenly distributed into six 40-item sessions based on these evaluations. Finalized items were presented in the STOP mobile app, which was co-designed with a digital health care solutions company, living or lived experts, and the academic team; user acceptance was evaluated across 2 pilot tests involving living or lived experts., Results: All materials reached predefined acceptable thresholds on all rating criteria: paranoia severity (intervention items: ≥1; control items: ≤1, readability: ≥3, and length of the scenarios), and there was no systematic difference between the intervention and control group materials overall or between individual sessions within each group. For item graphics, we also found no systematic differences in users' ratings of complexity (P=.68), attractiveness (P=.15), and interest (P=.14) between intervention and control group materials. User acceptance testing of the mobile app found that it is easy to use and navigate, interactive, and helpful., Conclusions: Material development for any new digital therapeutic requires an iterative and rigorous process of testing involving multiple contributing groups. Appropriate user-centered development can create user-friendly mobile health apps, which may improve face validity and have a greater chance of being engaging and acceptable to the target end users., (©Che-Wei Hsu, Daniel Stahl, Elias Mouchlianitis, Emmanuelle Peters, George Vamvakas, Jeroen Keppens, Miles Watson, Nora Schmidt, Pamela Jacobsen, Philip McGuire, Sukhi Shergill, Thomas Kabir, Tia Hirani, Ziyang Yang, Jenny Yiend. Originally published in JMIR Human Factors (https://humanfactors.jmir.org), 08.12.2023.)

A common narrative portrays Donald Trump as impetuous and quick to anger, thin skinned, constantly lying, brazen, vulgar, and boasting a grandiose sense of self and his accomplishments. Little systematic evidence exists that this is the case, however. With a novel data set based on expert ratings, we (1) provide systematic empirical evidence about Trump's personality profile, (2) contrast his profile with 21 other populist leaders and 82 mainstream candidates having competed in recent elections worldwide, and (3) discuss the implications of such an extreme profile in terms of campaigning style and the use of negative and emotional campaigns. Our results illustrate Trump's off‐the‐charts personality and campaigning style and suggest that even when compared with other abrasive, narcissistic, and confrontational political figures, he stands out as an outlier among the outliers. We conclude by discussing the implications and potential outcomes of such an extreme personality profile for Trump's policy style and achievements while in office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las diferencias en dependencia emocional, esquemas cognitivos y características de una pareja ideal entre una muestra española y una muestra colombiana, así como la relación entre la dependencia emocional y los esquemas cognitivos. La muestra se compuso de 1975 estudiantes escolares y universitarios de los cuales el 55.34% procedía de España y el 44.66% de Colombia. Se utilizaron cuestionarios de autoinforme para medir dependencia emocional, esquemas cognitivos y características de la pareja ideal. Se halló que los estudiantes españoles puntuaron más alto en necesidad de exclusividad, mientras que los colombianos lo hicieron en necesidad de agradar. No se hallaron diferencias en dependencia total entre ambas muestras. Asimismo, los esquemas cognitivos que más correlacionaron con la dependencia emocional fueron la subyugación, el apego y la grandiosidad. Finalmente, las características más valoradas en una pareja en ambas muestras fueron respeto, humor e inteligencia. Estos resultados muestran la relación entre la dependencia emocional y los esquemas cognitivos, así como las diferencias culturales respecto a las variables medidas. Estos resultados pueden resultar útiles para la intervención y prevención en población joven. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in emotional dependence, cognitive schemes and characteristics of an ideal couple between a Spanish sample and a Colombian sample, as well as the relationship between emotional dependence and cognitive schemes. The sample consisted of 1975 school and university students of which 55.34% came from Spain and 44.66% from Colombia. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure emotional dependence, cognitive patterns and characteristics of the ideal couple. It was found that Spanish students scored higher in Need for Exclusivity, while Colombians scored higher in Need for Pleasantness. No differences were found in Total Dependence between both samples. Likewise, the cognitive schemes that most correlated with emotional dependence were Subjugation, Attachment and Grandiosity. Finally, the most valued characteristics of a couple in both samples were respect, humour and intelligence. These results show the relationship between emotional dependence and cognitive schemes, as well as the cultural differences with respect to the measured variables. These results may be useful for intervention and prevention in young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite its importance as a psychological construct, narcissism have been inconsistently defined and measured across studies. Overly narrow construct definition of pathological narcissism and insufficient measurement lead Pincus et al. (2009) to develop Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). Which is a multidimensional measure of pathological narcissism that assesses both overt and covert expressions of narcissistic vulnerability. The aim of this study was to adapt PNI into Turkish language and investigate the validity and reliability indicators. Method: The Turkish version of Pathological Narcissism Inventory was applied to 518 (205 male) university students. Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients were calculated. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyzes have been carried out to determine the factors. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Bell Object Relations and Reality Assessment Scale (BORRTI) object relational form were used for evaluation of validity. Results: The Cronbach alpha is .93 for the total score, and test-retest reliability is r= .91. The principal components analysis revealed 6 factors explaining 50.24% of the variance. According to the structural equality model, fit indices indicate valid and reliable models. Analyses revealed significant correlation coefficients with NPI and BORRTI. Conclusion: The validity and reliability indicators of PNE Turkish form were within an acceptable range and PNE can be used for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Complex partial seizures are focal (CPS) (i.e., start in one area of the brain) and associated with impairment in consciousness. Most of them arise in the temporal region and are characterized by aura, impaired consciousness, and automatisms. CPS that arise in temporal region are most often misdiagnosed as primary psychiatric illness. Case Report. A 25-year-old male presented with fluctuations in consciousness, aggressive behaviour, hallucination, and delusions of grandeur lasting a few hours. He was diagnosed with acute and transient psychotic disorder according to ICD10 criteria and was treated with intramuscular haloperidol 10mg BID followed by oral olanzapine 10mg. Computed tomography of brain and electroencephalogram were normal. After 15 days he presented again to the outpatient department with complaints of aggressive behaviour and sensory misinterpretations. Video electroencephalogram was recommended, which was not done due to financial constraints. The diagnosis was reconsidered and he was started on oral carbamazepine due to high clinical suspicion, of complex partial seizures, in spite of lack of EEG evidence. He responded well to antiepileptic and symptom remission has maintained well. Conclusion. Patients presenting with psychosis need careful diagnostic evaluation for other possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal aim of the present study was to analyze whether the interaction of three psychopathic traits (callousunemotional, grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible) longitudinally predicts the perpetration of cyberbullying behaviors in adolescents. The sample consisted of 741 participants (379 girls and 357 boys) aged 14 to 19 (M = 15.33; SD = 1.14). Participants completed measures of the three traits at time 1 and measures of cyberbullying perpetration at time 1 and time 2 (one year apart). The results show that grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible traits longitudinally predicted cyberbullying behaviors. Furthermore, callous-unemotional traits predicted cyberbullying when impulsivity levels were high. The interaction grandiosity × impulsivity was also significant, suggesting that each predicts cyberbullying behavior when the levels of the other variable are low. These findings have implications for both prevention and intervention and highlight the importance of taking into account these three psychopathic traits to better predict cyberbullying behavior among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]