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1. Metabarcoding analysis provides insight into the link between prey and plant intake in a large alpine cat carnivore, the snow leopard

Author

Hiroto Yoshimura, Takashi Hayakawa, Dale M. Kikuchi, Kubanychbek Zhumabai Uulu, Huiyuan Qi, Taro Sugimoto, Koustubh Sharma, and Kodzue Kinoshita

Subjects
diet analysis, DNA barcoding, carnivore, felids, Science
Abstract

Species of the family Felidae are thought to be obligate carnivores. However, detection of plants in their faeces raises questions about the role of plants in their diet. This is particularly true for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Our study aimed to comprehensively identify the prey and plants consumed by snow leopards. We applied DNA metabarcoding methods on 90 faecal samples of snow leopards collected in Kyrgyzstan, employing one vertebrate and four plant markers. We found that argali (Ovis ammon) was detected only from male snow leopards. Myricaraia sp. was the most consumed among 77 plant operational taxonomic units found in snow leopard samples. It frequently appeared in samples lacking any prey animal DNA, indicating that snow leopards might have consumed this plant especially when their digestive tracts were empty. We also observed differences in the patterns of plant consumption between male and female snow leopards. Our comprehensive overview of prey and plants detected in the faeces of snow leopards and other sympatric mammals will help in formulating hypotheses and guiding future research to understand the adaptive significance of plant-eating behaviour in felids. This knowledge supports the enhancement of their captive environments and the conservation planning of their natural habitats.

Published
2024
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2. The EarthCARE mission – science and system overview

Author

T. Wehr, T. Kubota, G. Tzeremes, K. Wallace, H. Nakatsuka, Y. Ohno, R. Koopman, S. Rusli, M. Kikuchi, M. Eisinger, T. Tanaka, M. Taga, P. Deghaye, E. Tomita, and D. Bernaerts

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

The Earth Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) is a satellite mission implemented by the European Space Agency (ESA), in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), to measure global profiles of aerosols, clouds and precipitation properties together with radiative fluxes and derived heating rates. The simultaneous measurements of the vertical structure and horizontal distribution of cloud and aerosol fields, together with outgoing radiation, will be used in particular to evaluate their representation in weather forecasting and climate models and to improve our understanding of cloud and aerosol radiative impact and feedback mechanisms. To achieve the objective, the goal is that a retrieved scene with footprint size of 10 km × 10 km is measured with sufficiently high resolution that the atmospheric vertical profile of short-wave (solar) and long-wave (thermal) flux can be reconstructed with an accuracy of 10 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere. To optimise the performance of the two active instruments, the platform will fly at a relatively low altitude of 393 km, with an equatorial revisit time of 25 d. The scientific payload consists of four instruments: an atmospheric lidar, a cloud-profiling radar with Doppler capability, a multi-spectral imager and a broadband radiometer. Co-located measurements from these instruments are processed in the ground segment, which produces and distributes a wide range of science data products. As well as the Level 1 (L1) product of each instrument, a large number of multiple-instrument L2 products have been developed, in both Europe and Japan, benefiting from the data synergy. An end-to-end simulator and several test scenes have been developed that simulate EarthCARE observations and provide a development and test environment for L1 and L2 processors. Within this paper the EarthCARE observational requirements are addressed. An overview is given of the space segment with a detailed description of the four science instruments, demonstrating how the observational requirements will be met. Furthermore, the elements of the space segment and ground segment that are relevant for science data users are described and the data products are introduced.

Published
2023
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3. Politics of COVID-19 vaccination in Japan: how governing incumbents’ representation affected regional rollout variation

Author

M. Kikuchi, S. Ishihara, and M. Kohno

Subjects
COVID-19, Vaccination, Japan, Political representation, Regional variance, Democracy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Despite initial delay, Japan’s COVID-19 vaccination accelerated remarkably from May to September 2021 under the leadership of Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga. His “campaign” for vaccination, however, did not yield uniform results nationwide. Methods To highlight political determinants for the regional variation, we employ ordinary least squares regression analyses to investigate how the share/presence of incumbent politicians belonging to the governing parties, the Liberal Democratic Party and Komei Party, influenced the varying progress of rollouts across prefectures as well as across cities/towns/villages. The data on the vaccination rate for all 47 prefectures was obtained from Government Chief Information Officer (CIO)’s Portal, Japan (GCPJ) approximately one month prior to the anticipated general election, the national election for the more important House of Representatives of Japan’s bicameral parliament (Diet). The data for lower administrative units, though its availability was limited to only three prefectures, was obtained from the respective governments of Kagawa and Ehime and from a local newspaper in Gifu. Results The findings reveal that at both prefectural and sub-prefectural administrative levels, the share/presence of the governing parties’ representation in the national parliament had a positive and statistically significant effect on the region’s vaccination progress, after controlling for the local proliferation of COVID-19 and demographic characteristics. Conclusion Our findings contribute insights into the understudied area of the contemporary COVID-19 health environment, namely how the political dynamics of democracy affect the pattern of vaccine dissemination in Japan. Trial registration : Not applicable.

Published
2023
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4. MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL STUDY OF NOCTURIA IN JAPANESE PATIENTS

Author

K Iinuma, Y Nishino, K Matsuoka, T Ihara, S Makabe, R Tanji, Y Harigane, K Ishida, M Tamaki, S Yokoi, H Hoshino, K Yuhara, T Yamada, H Ito, K Miwa, N Hagiwara, M Kikuchi, Y Kojima, T Mitsui, and T Koie

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Published
2023
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6. Satellite retrieval of aerosol combined with assimilated forecast

Author

M. Yoshida, K. Yumimoto, T. M. Nagao, T. Y. Tanaka, M. Kikuchi, and H. Murakami

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We developed a new aerosol satellite retrieval algorithm combining a numerical aerosol forecast. In the retrieval algorithm, the short-term forecast from an aerosol data assimilation system was used as an a priori estimate instead of spatially and temporally constant values. This method was demonstrated using observation of the Advanced Himawari Imager onboard the Japan Meteorological Agency's geostationary satellite Himawari-8. Overall, the retrieval results incorporated strengths of the observation and the model and complemented their respective weaknesses, showing spatially finer distributions than the model forecast and less noisy distributions than the original algorithm. We validated the new algorithm using ground observation data and found that the aerosol parameters detectable by satellite sensors were retrieved more accurately than an a priori model forecast by adding satellite information. Further, the satellite retrieval accuracy was improved by introducing the model forecast instead of the constant a priori estimates. By using the assimilated forecast for an a priori estimate, information from previous observations can be propagated to future retrievals, leading to better retrieval accuracy. Observational information from the satellite and aerosol transport by the model are incorporated cyclically to effectively estimate the optimum field of aerosol.

Published
2021
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7. Is water an important resource for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in periods when terrain is covered with snow?

Author

Dale M. Kikuchi, Kubanychbek Zhumabai Uulu, Koustubh Sharma, Takuya Soma, and Kodzue Kinoshita

Subjects
water resource, water ingestion, alpine ecosystem, cold environment, species management, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Some mammalian species that inhabit cold environments are known to eat snow to fulfill their water requirements. However, there is a potential trade-off between eating snow and drinking water because of the considerable energy that the body invests in warming the ingested snow. It is claimed that the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) eats snow to fulfill its requirement of water, which is why several researchers do not consider water as a limiting resource when developing resource selection functions. In this study, we placed camera traps along the unfrozen river banks in the Shamshy Wildlife Sanctuary in Kyrgyz Republic from September 2018 to May 2019 with the objective of recording access to liquid water by animals during different times of the year. A snow leopard was recorded for the first time drinking water during winter when the entire ground surface was covered with snow. The animal drank water for nearly 58 seconds, indicating that the snow leopard preferred to drink liquid water as opposed to snow that was ubiquitously present. The observation has significant implications for snow leopard research and conservation strategies that tend to assume the nonrelevance of the availability of water to snow leopards.

Published
2020
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8. Satellite Precipitation Measurements: What Have We Learnt About Cloud-Precipitation Processes From Space?

Author

M. Kikuchi, S. A. Braun, K. Suzuki, G. Liu, and A. Battaglia

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology, Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

Precipitation is one of the fundamental elements that define global and regional climatology. Precipitation systems consist of a broad spectrum of three-dimensional structures in which microphysical processes interact with macro-scale processes in the cloud system and the ambient environment that prescribe the evolution of the system. Since 1970s, satellite observations of precipitation have been a fundamental tool in quantifying this complex interaction. They have first quantified the frequency and intensity of global precipitation, including remote areas over open oceans and polar regions, thus providing today’s precipitation climatology. More recently, satellite observations of cloud and precipitation have been exploited for understanding the physical mechanisms governing precipitation systems. A subset of these studies also provided observation-based metrics to probe physical processes operating in cloud-precipitation systems and to apply them as diagnostic measures for evaluating the representation of the processes in numerical models for better projections of future climate. In this chapter, we first review the theoretical basis of precipitation remote sensing from space and describe how it is practically applied in satellite missions. In the first part of the chapter, an historical overview of the satellite missions is described, summarising the instruments and retrieval algorithms developed in the missions. In the second part, we introduce a set of studies discussing the fundamental mechanisms behind precipitation formation, highlighting what we have learnt to date on cloud-precipitation processes from satellite observations.

Published
2022

9. The relationship between plant-eating and hair evacuation in snow leopards (Panthera uncia).

Author

Hiroto Yoshimura, Huiyuan Qi, Dale M Kikuchi, Yukiko Matsui, Kazuya Fukushima, Sai Kudo, Kazuyuki Ban, Keisuke Kusano, Daisuke Nagano, Mami Hara, Yasuhiro Sato, Kiyoko Takatsu, Satoshi Hirata, and Kodzue Kinoshita

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Although most felids have an exclusive carnivore diet, the presence of plant matter in scat has been reported among various species. This indicates that there may be an adaptive significance to the conservation of plant-eating behavior in felid evolution. Some studies have hypothesized that felids consume plants for self-medication or as a source of nutrition. In addition, it is thought that plant intake helps them to excrete hairballs, however, no scientific work has confirmed these effects. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between plant intake and hair evacuation in felid species. We selected snow leopards (Panthera uncia) as the study species because they have longer and denser hair than other felids. The behavior of 11 captive snow leopards was observed and scat samples from eight of them and two other captive individuals were analyzed. Snow leopards evacuate hair possibly by vomiting and excreting in scats. The frequency of plant-eating and vomiting and the amount of hair and plant in scat were evaluated. We found that the frequency of vomiting was much lower than the frequency of plant-eating. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the amount of plant matter contained in scats and the amount of hair in scats. Contrary to the common assumption, our results indicate that plant intake has little effect on hair evacuation in felid species.

Published
2020
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10. Differential responses of seabirds to environmental variability over 2 years in the continental shelf and oceanic habitats of southeastern Bering Sea

Author

T. Yamamoto, N. Kokubun, D. M. Kikuchi, N. Sato, A. Takahashi, A. P. Will, A. S. Kitaysky, and Y. Watanuki

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Seasonal sea-ice cover has been decreasing in the southeastern Bering Sea shelf, which might affect ecosystem dynamics and availability of food resources to marine top predators breeding in the region. In this study, we investigated the foraging responses of two seabird species, surface-foraging red-legged kittiwakes Rissa brevirostris (hereafter, RLKI) and pursuit-diving foraging thick-billed murres Uria lomvia (TBMU) to different marine environmental conditions over 2 years. At-sea distributions of RLKI and TBMU breeding on St. George Island, the largest seabird colony in the region, were recorded using GPS loggers, and blood samples were taken to examine their physiological condition and isotopic foraging niche in a given year. Between the study years, winter ice retreated earlier and summer water temperatures were relatively warmer in 2014 compared to those in 2013. RLKI foraging occurred mostly over the oceanic basin in both years. TBMU, however, foraged mostly over the shelf but showed a relatively higher use of the shelf break and oceanic basin in 2013. The foraging distances from the colony peaked at 250–300 km in 2013 and bimodally at 150–250 and 300–350 km in 2014 for RLKI and tended to be farther in 2013 compared to those in 2014 for TBMU. Plasma levels of corticosterone did not differ between the years in RLKI but differed in TBMU, showing higher levels of physiological stress incurred by murres in 2013, the year of relatively cooler sea surface temperatures with later sea-ice retreat. δ13N (a proxy of trophic level of prey) did not differ between the years in either RLKI or TBMU. These results suggest that the response of ecosystem dynamics to climate variability in the southeastern Bering Sea may differ between the ocean basin and continental shelf regions, which, in turn, may generate differential responses in seabirds relying on those habitats for foraging.

Published
2016
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11. Is water an important resource for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in periods when terrain is covered with snow?

Author

Takuya Soma, Kodzue Kinoshita, Dale M. Kikuchi, Kubanychbek Zhumabai Uulu, and Koustubh Sharma

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Resource (biology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terrain, 01 natural sciences, Water ingestion, species management, lcsh:QH540-549.5, cold environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Panthera uncia, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, fictional_universe, fictional_universe.character_species, Snow, Snow leopard, water resource, alpine ecosystem, Environmental science, water ingestion, Physical geography, lcsh:Ecology, human activities
Abstract

Some mammalian species that inhabit cold environments are known to eat snow to fulfill their water requirements. However, there is a potential trade-off between eating snow and drinking water because of the considerable energy that the body invests in warming the ingested snow. It is claimed that the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) eats snow to fulfill its requirement of water, which is why several researchers do not consider water as a limiting resource when developing resource selection functions. In this study, we placed camera traps along the unfrozen river banks in the Shamshy Wildlife Sanctuary in Kyrgyz Republic from September 2018 to May 2019 with the objective of recording access to liquid water by animals during different times of the year. A snow leopard was recorded for the first time drinking water during winter when the entire ground surface was covered with snow. The animal drank water for nearly 58 seconds, indicating that the snow leopard preferred to drink liquid water as opposed to snow that was ubiquitously present. The observation has significant implications for snow leopard research and conservation strategies that tend to assume the nonrelevance of the availability of water to snow leopards.

Published
2020

12. Kinematics and hydrodynamics analyses of swimming penguins: wing bending improves propulsion performance

Author

Dale M Kikuchi, Natsuki Harada, Hiroto Tanaka, Yayi Shen, Takuma Oura, and Masateru Maeda

Subjects
Lift-to-drag ratio, Wing, Physiology, Angle of attack, Thrust, Mechanics, Kinematics, Aquatic Science, Models, Biological, Spheniscidae, Biomechanical Phenomena, Lift (force), Water tunnel, Insect Science, Flight, Animal, Hydrodynamics, Flapping, Animals, Wings, Animal, Animal Science and Zoology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Swimming
Abstract

Penguins are adapted to underwater life and have excellent swimming abilities. Although previous motion analyses revealed their basic swimming characteristics, the details of the 3D wing kinematics, wing deformation and thrust generation mechanism of penguins are still largely unknown. In this study, we recorded the forward and horizontal swimming of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at an aquarium with multiple underwater action cameras and then performed a 3D motion analysis. We also conducted a series of water tunnel experiments with a 3D printed rigid wing to obtain lift and drag coefficients in the gliding configuration. Using these coefficients, the thrust force during flapping was calculated in a quasi-steady manner, where the following two wing models were considered: (1) an ‘original’ wing model reconstructed from 3D motion analysis including bending deformation and (2) a ‘flat’ wing model obtained by flattening the original wing model. The resultant body trajectory showed that the penguin accelerated forward during both upstroke and downstroke. The motion analysis of the two wing models revealed that considerable bending occurred in the original wing, which reduced its angle of attack during the upstroke in particular. Consequently, the calculated stroke-averaged thrust was larger for the original wing than for the flat wing during the upstroke. In addition, the propulsive efficiency for the original wing was estimated to be 1.8 times higher than that for the flat wing. Our results unveil a detailed mechanism of lift-based propulsion in penguins and underscore the importance of wing bending.

Published
2021

13. How Asians React to Discrimination Does Not Depend on Their Party Identification

Author

Y. Cheng, S. Ioku, K. Leung, W. Long, Charles Crabtree, J. Zhang, M. Kikuchi, K. Cheng, and V. H. Nguyen Cao

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, General Social Sciences, Social Sciences, Sample (statistics), Racism, HM401-1281, Identification (information), Perception, Pandemic, Sociology (General), Set (psychology), Psychology, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract

How do individuals respond to discrimination against their group? The authors help answer this normatively important question by conducting a survey with a large, national, quota-based sample of 2,482 Asians living in the United States during December 2020. In the survey, the authors provide respondents with truthful information about the increasing prevalence of anti-Asian discrimination in the United States during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and ask them to write about what this makes them feel or think about life in America. Using automatic text analysis tools to analyze this rich, novel set of personal reflections, the authors show in this visualization that Asian reactions to discrimination do not meaningfully differ across partisan identification. These findings extend the large literature showing partisan differences in perceptions of racial discrimination and its effects by the general public and show at least one way in which partisan polarization does not influence American views. © The Author(s) 2021.

Published
2021

14. Nocturnal Foraging by Red-Legged Kittiwakes, a Surface Feeding Seabird That Relies on Deep Water Prey During Reproduction.

Author

Nobuo Kokubun, Takashi Yamamoto, Dale M Kikuchi, Alexander Kitaysky, and Akinori Takahashi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Narrow foraging specialization may increase the vulnerability of marine predators to climate change. The red-legged kittiwake (Rissa brevirostris) is endemic to the Bering Sea and has experienced drastic population fluctuations in recent decades, presumably due to climate-driven changes in food resources. Red-legged kittiwakes are presumed to be a nocturnal surface-foraging seabird that feed almost entirely on deep water Myctophidae fishes. However, there is little empirical evidence confirming their nocturnal foraging activity during the breeding season. This study investigated the foraging behavior of red-legged kittiwakes by combining GPS tracking, accelerometry, and dietary analyses at the world's largest breeding colony of red-legged kittiwakes on St. George I. GPS tracking of 5 individuals revealed that 82.5% of non-flight behavior (including foraging and resting) occurred over the ocean basin (bottom depth >1,000 m). Acceleration data from 4 birds showed three types of behaviors during foraging trips: (1) flight, characterized by regular wing flapping, (2) resting on water, characterized by non-active behavior, and (3) foraging, when wing flapping was irregular. The proportions of both foraging and resting behaviors were higher at night (14.1 ± 7.1% and 20.8 ± 14.3%) compared to those during the day (6.5 ± 3.0% and 1.7 ± 2.7%). The mean duration of foraging (2.4 ± 2.9 min) was shorter than that of flight between prey patches (24.2 ± 53.1 min). Dietary analyses confirmed myctophids as the dominant prey (100% by occurrence and 98.4 ± 2.4% by wet-weight). Although the sample size was limited, these results suggest that breeding red-legged kittiwakes concentrated their foraging on myctophids available at the surface during nighttime in deep water regions. We propose that the diel patterns and ephemeral nature of their foraging activity reflected the availability of myctophids. Such foraging specialization may exacerbate the vulnerability of red-legged kittiwakes to climate change in the Bering Sea.

Published
2015
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15. X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Author

S. Abiru, John F. Dillon, Yasuhiro Miyake, Piero Portincasa, Giancarlo Spinzi, R. Harvey, T. Ngatchu, Agostino Colli, M. Taniai, K. Flahive, Masanori Abe, B. Hoeroldt, S. Holder, Howard Curtis, María Isabel Colombo, C. MacNicol, Gang Xie, Andrew Chilton, H. Hussaini, Cristina Rigamonti, M. Kato, Shintaro Yagi, G. Abouda, D. Tyrer, Chris D. Evans, Christopher I. Amos, K. Koss, Kazuaki Chayama, P. Premchand, K. Migita, Simon Panter, Marco Marzioni, Silvia Colombo, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, M. Yagura, Ashley Brown, D. Gocher, Domenico Alvaro, K. Murata, Mark Wright, Piero Luigi Almasio, C. Healey, A. Ciaccio, N. Wheatley, Vincenzo Cardinale, T. Delahooke, Chiara Milani, T. Shewan, W. Stableforth, S. Levi, Mark L. Green, James V. Jones, Y. Baird, Aftab Ala, Burroughs Ak, D. Williams, K. Ario, P. Sanghi, Hemant Gupta, P. Southern, L. Farrington, M. Hamilton, Andrew D. Higham, I. Yabuuchi, H. Yatsuhashi, Lorenzo Morini, T. Yamamoto, Douglas Thorburn, M. Carnahan, N. Nishida, Susan Slininger, M. Koga, K. Honda, Annarosa Floreani, Andrew Douglass, K. Netherton, M. Yasunami, Hirohito Tsubouchi, F. Donato, K. Walker, U. Shmueli, Paolo Muratori, Ray Mathew, J. Maiden, E. Dungca, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, S. Vyas, Helen Sweeting, Subrata Saha, T. Komeda, T. Komatsu, H. J. Lee, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, T. Komura, C. Thomas, C. Shallcross, C. Duggan, J. Kordula, F. Muscariu, Lourdes Cumlat, Imran Patanwala, Giulia Cardamone, L. Morgan, J. Brighton, Masao Honda, H. Nakamura, David Jones, Raj Srirajaskanthan, M. E. Gershwin, T. Muro, L. Stafford, N. Fukushima, Graham P. Butcher, Andrea Crosignani, George Lipscomb, K. Hirata, Y. Nagaoki, S. Mann, Paul G. Richardson, David A Elphick, M. Mupudzi, Y. Ohara, E. Grieve, Gayle Clifford, Claudio Tiribelli, M. Quinn, G. Van Duyvenvoorde, E. Archer, Tatsuki Ichikawa, J. Maltby, T. Arinaga-Hino, Simon Williams, A. King, Yasuni Nakanuma, H. Doyle, A. Brind, Nora Cazzagon, H. Ota, Daphne D’Amato, K. Hogben, H. Wooldridge, J. Wilkins, Shuichi Kaneko, L. Hankey, Gordon Wood, Andrew Fraser, K. Martin, A. Naqvi, M. Ninkovic, M. Patel, Yoshihiko Maehara, Kapil Kapur, I. Amey, Vincenza Calvaruso, Kenichi Harada, T. Yamashita, James Neuberger, N. Taylor, T. Lee, J. Featherstone, C. Lawlor, K. Seward, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Andrea Galli, L. Tan, Kentaro Kikuchi, K. Furuta, Mark A. Ainsworth, Hiromasa Ohira, Esther Unitt, Yosuke Kawai, N. Lancaster, D. Simpson, R. Shidrawi, I. Salam, A.J. Bell, Pietro Andreone, J. Ishida, Voi Shim Wong, N Fisher, Andrew C. Douds, R. Penn, Matthew Foxton, A. Watson, Andrew Mason, S. Walsh, Hiromi Ishibashi, Daniel M. Forton, Giovanni Casella, H. Takaki, K. Yamauchi, Pietro Lampertico, Osamu Yokosuka, M. Koda, M. Davies, H. Mitchison, P. Gyawali, G. Bird, M. Hughes, L. Jones, C. Hamilton, A. Hynes, R. Galaska, Fabio Marra, Debasish Das, C. Cowley, A. Fouracres, Yasuhiko Sugawara, E. Mita, T. Saoshiro, Akinobu Taketomi, Robert P. Myers, R. Przemioslo, F. Wright, L. Hobson, L. Currie, J. Allison, J. Hails, Noriyo Yamashiki, Massimo Zuin, C. Grimley, Alessio Gerussi, S. Besley, Stefano Duga, A. Piotrowicz, H. Kouno, L. Dali-kemmery, H. Sakai, M. Mizokami, Stefano Fagiuoli, Amy Davis, Pier Maria Battezzati, Masao Nagasaki, Luigi Muratori, A. Mori, S. Desmennu, S. Jones, R. Abrahams, Keith George, F. Makita, J. Brown, D. Gorard, Satoru Joshita, M. Mills, Pierluigi Toniutto, S. Campbell, J. Butterworth, S. Dyer, Filomena Morisco, Norihiro Kokudo, T. Yapp, C. Shorrock, Floriano Rosina, E. Walker, Shinji Uemoto, H. Takahashi, Simon M. Rushbrook, K. Amor, E. Marshall, J. Browning, S. Batham, Luca Fabris, Paul R. Banim, Meenakshi Narain, M. Harada, Dermot Gleeson, N. Hirashima, M. Kikuchi, T. Nikami, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Carlo Ferrari, G. Prasad, O. Chirag, Katsushi Tokunaga, M. Nasseri, Rosanna Asselta, Y. Lu, Ken Shirabe, D. Sirdefield, George F. Mells, K. Sugi, R. Ayres, G. Whatley, A. Singhal, M. Leoni, N. Sivaramakrishnan, T. Harding, Rupert Ransford, Anton V J Gunasekera, C. Mulvaney-Jones, D. Ramanaden, M. Mendall, Muhammad F. Dawwas, Dave Jones, Luca Valenti, Earl J. Williams, Markus Gess, Peter Bramley, A. McNair, E. Hashimoto, P. Townshend, C. Ford, Mario Strazzabosco, Luca Miele, Matthew J Brookes, J. Colley, Mark Wilkinson, H. Dewhurst, Charles Millson, E. Shpuza, Shinji Shimoda, T. Himoto, P. Kitchen, M. Nakamuta, Hiroaki Nishimura, Martin Lombard, Kevork M. Peltekian, M. Pitcher, G. Lim, L. Graves, C. Palmer, S. Lord, S. Katsushima, S. Tripoli, Andrew Austin, N. White, B. Grover, S. Congreave, M. Prince, Rebecca Jones, K. Hirano, A. Shepherd, Y. Mano, Michael A. Heneghan, Richard Sandford, L. O'Donohoe, Marco Carbone, S. A. Rolls, Patrick Goggin, M. L. Cowan, M. Crossey, A. Loftus, K. Young, Mesbah Rahman, Cameron N. Ghent, E. Nambela, M. Xiong, L. Grellier, Sunil Dolwani, Antonio Picciotto, Gill Watts, Alberto Mattalia, Elvezia Maria Paraboschi, J. Orpe, Takeji Umemura, Yuki Hitomi, Fiona H. Gordon, Shotaro Sakisaka, A. Dias, Chin Lye Ch'ng, M. Carter, A. Mandal, Yufang Shi, Takafumi Ichida, N. Masaki, M. Oblak, S. Nagaoka, Kevin Yoong, O. Gervais, Minoru Nakamura, Kazuhiko Nakao, S. Taylor-Robinson, L. Kent, Sushma Saksena, A. Affronti, K. Boulton, R. Ede, H. Pateman, K. Yoshizawa, G. Bray, H. Ebinuma, Yeng Ang, Akio Ido, John Ramage, Richard Sturgess, C. Gray, E. Durant, M. Hayes, A. Saeed, J. Keggans, J. Gitahi, T. Valliani, Edoardo G. Giannini, C. Foale, A. Palegwala, Lory Saveria Crocè, K. Matsushita, S. Shaukat, J. Mclindon, S. Pearson, A. Barnardo, A. Wright, Mirko Tarocchi, R Marley, M. Kent, C. Dickson, A. Gibbins, J. Whiteman, S. Singhal, Richard Aspinall, M. Ito, Laura Cristoferi, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, J. Booth, A. Bathgate, Morikazu Onji, A. Grant, A. Paton, Y. Aiba, P. Chan, J. Sayer, S. Whalley, T. Mathialahan, J. Gotto, T. Kanda, B. Williams, K. Elliott, P. Raymode, Akinobu Takaki, V. Silvestre, I. Gee, C. Hovell, Graham R. Foster, D. Cotterill, G. 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Battezzati P.M., Crosignani A., Zuin M., Mattalia A., Calvaruso V., Colombo S., Benedetti A., Marzioni M., Galli A., Marra F., Tarocchi M., Picciotto A., Morisco F., Fabris L., Croce L.S., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Strazzabosco M., Ch'ng C.L., Rahman M., Yapp T., Sturgess R., Healey C., Czajkowski M., Gunasekera A., Gyawali P., Premchand P., Kapur K., Marley R., Foster G., Watson A., Dias A., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Ramanaden D., Gasem J., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Shorrock C., Lipscomb G., Southern P., Tibble J., Gorard D., Palegwala A., Jones S., Dawwas M., Alexander G., Dolwani S., Prince M., Foxton M., Elphick D., Mitchison H., Gooding I., Karmo M., Saksena S., Mendall M., Patel M., Ede R., Austin A., Sayer J., Hankey L., Hovell C., Fisher N., Carter M., Koss K., Piotrowicz A., Grimley C., Neal D., Lim G., Levi S., Ala A., Broad A., Saeed A., Wood G., Brown J., Wilkinson M., Gordon H., Ramage J., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Grover B., Shaukat S., Shidrawi R., Abouda G., Ali F., Rees I., Salam I., Narain M., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Williams S., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Chilton A., Heneghan M., Curtis H., Gess M., Drake I., Aldersley M., Davies M., Jones R., McNair A., Srirajaskanthan R., Pitcher M., Sen S., Bird G., Barnardo A., Kitchen P., Yoong K., Chirag O., Sivaramakrishnan N., MacFaul G., Jones D., Shah A., Evans C., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Fraser A., Mills P., Shallcross C., Campbell S., Bathgate A., Shepherd A., Dillon J., Rushbrook S., Przemioslo R., Macdonald C., Metcalf J., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T., Ryder S.D., Collier J., Klass H., Ninkovic M., Cramp M., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Goggin P., Ghosh D., Douds A., Hoeroldt B., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Stableforth W., Ayres R., Thorburn D., Marshall E., Burroughs A., Mann S., Lombard M., Richardson P., Patanwala I., Maltby J., Brookes M., Mathew R., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Butcher G., Forton D., Mclindon J., Cowan M., Whatley G., Mandal A., Gupta H., Sanghi P., Jain S., Pereira S., Prasad G., Watts G., Wright M., Neuberger J., Gordon F., Unitt E., Grant A., Delahooke T., Higham A., Brind A., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Collins C., Whalley S., Li A., Fraser J., Bell A., Wong V.S., Singhal A., Gee I., Ang Y., Ransford R., Gotto J., Millson C., Bowles J., Thomas C., Harrison M., Galaska R., Kendall J., Whiteman J., Lawlor C., Gray C., Elliott K., Mulvaney-Jones C., Hobson L., Van Duyvenvoorde G., Loftus A., Seward K., Penn R., Maiden J., Damant R., Hails J., Cloudsdale R., Silvestre V., Glenn S., Dungca E., Wheatley N., Doyle H., Kent M., Hamilton C., Braim D., Wooldridge H., Abrahams R., Paton A., Lancaster N., Gibbins A., Hogben K., Desousa P., Muscariu F., Musselwhite J., McKay A., Tan L., Foale C., Brighton J., Flahive K., Nambela E., Townshend P., Ford C., Holder S., Palmer C., Featherstone J., Nasseri M., 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G., Archer E., Hamilton M., Curtis J., Shewan T., Walsh S., Warner K., Netherton K., Mupudzi M., Gunson B., Gitahi J., Gocher D., Batham S., Pateman H., Desmennu S., Conder J., Clement D., Gallagher S., Orpe J., Chan P., Currie L., O'Donohoe L., Oblak M., Morgan L., Quinn M., Amey I., Baird Y., Cotterill D., Cumlat L., Winter L., Greer S., Spurdle K., Allison J., Dyer S., Sweeting H., Kordula J., Aiba Y., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Kawai Y., Kohn S.-S., Gervais O., Migita K., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Higuchi N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Takikawa H., Ohira H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Carbone M., Cardamone G., Duga S., Gershwin M.E., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Asselta, R, Paraboschi, E, Gerussi, A, Cordell, H, Mells, G, Sandford, R, Jones, D, Nakamura, M, Ueno, K, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Tokunaga, K, Nagasaki, M, Tanaka, A, Tang, R, Li, Z, Shi, Y, Liu, X, Xiong, M, Hirschfield, G, Siminovitch, K, Walker, E, Xie, G, Mason, A, Myers, R, Peltekian, K, Ghent, C, Atkinson, E, Juran, B, Lazaridis, K, Lu, Y, Gu, X, Jing, K, Amos, C, Affronti, A, Brunetto, M, Coco, B, Spinzi, G, Elia, G, Ferrari, C, Lleo, A, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Portincasa, P, Colli, A, Bruno, S, Colloredo, G, Azzaroli, F, Andreone, P, Bragazzi, M, Alvaro, D, Cardinale, V, Cazzagon, N, Rigamonti, C, Floreani, A, Rosina, F, Ciaccio, A, Cristoferi, L, D'Amato, D, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Massironi, S, Milani, C, O'Donnell, S, Ronca, V, Barisani, D, Lampertico, P, Donato, F, Fagiuoli, S, Almasio, P, Giannini, E, Cursaro, C, Colombo, M, Valenti, L, Miele, L, Andriulli, A, Niro, G, Grattagliano, I, Morini, L, Casella, G, Vinci, M, Battezzati, P, Crosignani, A, Zuin, M, Mattalia, A, Calvaruso, V, Colombo, S, Benedetti, A, Marzioni, M, Galli, A, Marra, F, Tarocchi, M, Picciotto, A, Morisco, F, Fabris, L, Croce, L, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Strazzabosco, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney-Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali-kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, Kordula, J, Aiba, Y, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Kawai, Y, Kohn, S, Gervais, O, Migita, K, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Higuchi, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Takikawa, H, Ohira, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Carbone, M, Cardamone, G, Duga, S, Gershwin, M, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Asselta R, Paraboschi EM, Gerussi A, Cordell HJ, Mells GF, Sandford RN, Jones DE, Nakamura M, Ueno K, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Tokunaga K, Nagasaki M, Tanaka A, Tang R, Li Z, Shi Y, Liu X, Xiong M, Hirschfield G, Siminovitch KA, Canadian-US PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, UK-PBC Consortium, Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium, Carbone M, Cardamone G, Duga S, Gershwin ME, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, and LiveR North

Subjects
Canadian-US PBC Consortium, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Genome-wide association study, Disease, PBC, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, Linkage Disequilibrium, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Odds Ratio, X-Wide Association Study, Japan PBC-GWAS Consortium, X chromosome, Genetics, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Gastroenterology, Forkhead Transcription Factors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Shal Potassium Channels, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Adult, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Superenhancer, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Endopeptidases, Humans, Cell Lineage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Meta-analysi, Genetic association, Chromosomes, Human, X, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Meta-analysis, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Carrier Proteins, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background & aims: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. Methods: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). Results: Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10-4, with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10-6; odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.88; Japanese cohort). Although the transethnic meta-analysis evidenced only a suggestive signal (rs2239452, mapping within the PIM2 gene; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; P = 9.93 × 10-8), the population-specific meta-analysis showed a genome-wide significant locus in East Asian individuals pointing to the same region (rs7059064, mapping within the GRIPAP1 gene; P = 6.2 × 10-9; OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46). Indeed, rs7059064 tags a unique linkage disequilibrium block including 7 genes: TIMM17B, PQBP1, PIM2, SLC35A2, OTUD5, KCND1, and GRIPAP1, as well as a superenhancer (GH0XJ048933 within OTUD5) targeting all these genes. GH0XJ048933 is also predicted to target FOXP3, the main T-regulatory cell lineage specification factor. Consistently, OTUD5 and FOXP3 RNA levels were up-regulated in PBC case patients (1.75- and 1.64-fold, respectively). Conclusions: This work represents the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of the chrX contribution to the genetics of an autoimmune liver disease and shows a novel PBC-related genome-wide significant locus.

Published
2021

17. Atezolizumab with or without chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer (IMvigor130): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Author

Galsky, M.D. Arija, J.Á.A. Bamias, A. Davis, I.D. De Santis, M. Kikuchi, E. Garcia-del-Muro, X. De Giorgi, U. Mencinger, M. Izumi, K. Panni, S. Gumus, M. Özgüroğlu, M. Kalebasty, A.R. Park, S.H. Alekseev, B. Schutz, F.A. Li, J.-R. Ye, D. Vogelzang, N.J. Bernhard, S. Tayama, D. Mariathasan, S. Mecke, A. Thåström, A. Grande, E. IMvigor130 Study Group

Abstract

Background: Atezolizumab can induce sustained responses in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We report the results of IMvigor130, a phase 3 trial that compared atezolizumab with or without platinum-based chemotherapy versus placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Methods: In this multicentre, phase 3, randomised trial, untreated patients aged 18 years or older with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, from 221 sites in 35 countries, were randomly assigned to receive atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (group A), atezolizumab monotherapy (group B), or placebo plus platinum-based chemotherapy (group C). Patients received 21-day cycles of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 body surface area, administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 of each cycle), plus either carboplatin (area under the curve of 4·5 mg/mL per min administered intravenously) or cisplatin (70 mg/m2 body surface area administered intravenously) on day 1 of each cycle with either atezolizumab (1200 mg administered intravenously on day 1 of each cycle) or placebo. Group B patients received 1200 mg atezolizumab, administered intravenously on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The co-primary efficacy endpoints for the intention-to-treat population were investigator-assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1 progression-free survival and overall survival (group A vs group C) and overall survival (group B vs group C), which was to be formally tested only if overall survival was positive for group A versus group C. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02807636. Findings: Between July 15, 2016, and July 20, 2018, we enrolled 1213 patients. 451 (37%) were randomly assigned to group A, 362 (30%) to group B, and 400 (33%) to group C. Median follow-up for survival was 11·8 months (IQR 6·1–17·2) for all patients. At the time of final progression-free survival analysis and interim overall survival analysis (May 31, 2019), median progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population was 8·2 months (95% CI 6·5–8·3) in group A and 6·3 months (6·2–7·0) in group C (stratified hazard ratio [HR] 0·82, 95% CI 0·70–0·96; one-sided p=0·007). Median overall survival was 16·0 months (13·9–18·9) in group A and 13·4 months (12·0–15·2) in group C (0·83, 0·69–1·00; one-sided p=0·027). Median overall survival was 15·7 months (13·1–17·8) for group B and 13·1 months (11·7–15·1) for group C (1·02, 0·83–1·24). Adverse events that led to withdrawal of any agent occurred in 156 (34%) patients in group A, 22 (6%) patients in group B, and 132 (34%) patients in group C. 50 (11%) patients in group A, 21 (6%) patients in group B, and 27 (7%) patients in group C had adverse events that led to discontinuation of atezolizumab or placebo. Interpretation: Addition of atezolizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment prolonged progression-free survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The safety profile of the combination was consistent with that observed with the individual agents. These results support the use of atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy as a potential first-line treatment option for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Funding: F Hoffmann-La Roche and Genentech. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2020

18. Primary T-cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland with chemokine receptors of Th1 phenotype complicating autoimmune thyroiditis

Author

S. Koida, K. Tsukasaki, T. Tsuchiya, H. Harasawa, T. Fukushima, Y. Yamada, K. Ohshima, S. Kamihira, M. Kikuchi, and M. Tomonaga

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Lymphoma of the thyroid is almost exclusively derived from B cells of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and frequently co-exist with autoimmune thyroiditis in which most infiltrating cells are of Th1 cell origin. We present here two rare cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) based on chronic thyroiditis with the phenotype CD3+, CD4+, CD8−, TCRαβ+. Furthermore, lymphoma cells in both cases were CXCR3+, CCR5+ and ST2(L)−, suggesting a Th1 cell origin. Eight of 11 cases of PTCL of the thyroid in the literature, including our cases, were associated with thyroiditis. Except for one tumor of γδT-cell type, all of the five lymphomas analyzed for CD4 expression were positive for the antigen. Among them, both those examined for chemokine receptors were phenotypically of Th1-cell origin with a background of thyroiditis, suggesting that Th1 activation induced by chronic inflammation could lead to PTCL of themselves as well as MALT-lymphoma of B cells.

Published
2007
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19. Damage test for International Linear Collider positron generation target at KEKB

Author

M. Kuriki, T. Mimashi, K. Saito, M. Kikuchi, and T. Kamitani

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

ILC (International Linear Collider) is aiming to conduct electron-positron collisions at 1 TeV center-of-mass energy. One bunch train will contain up to 2800 3.2 nC bunches with a 308 ns bunch spacing or 5600 1.6 nC bunches with a 154 ns spacing. The bunch-train length will be 0.9 ms. Because of this extremely large amount of beam in a train, serious damage to a positron production target driven by 6 GeV incident electron beam is of concern. As the ILC positron source, several different methods have been proposed. The target hardness is a key point concerning the selection. In this article, we report on a test experiment to examine the target hardness by using a stored electron beam in KEKB HER (High Energy Ring). The project name is IPPAK (ILC Positron Project At KEKB). By manipulating the abort kicker, a condition similar to that of the ILC positron production target can be reproduced. The experiment was carried out on June 29 and 30, 2005. The target was seriously damaged under the heaviest condition (KEKB mode), but the damage was less and nothing for those of the ILC mode. Possible impacts to the ILC positron production scheme are also discussed.

Published
2006
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20. Development of Algorithm for Discriminating Hydrometeor Particle Types with a Synergistic Use of CloudSat and CALIPSO

Author

M, Kikuchi, H, Okamoto, K, Sato, K, Suzuki, G, Cesana, Y, Hagihara, N, Takahashi, T, Hayasaka, and R, Oki

Subjects
Article
Abstract

We developed a method for classifying hydrometeor particle types, including cloud and precipitation phase and ice crystal habit, by a synergistic use of CloudSat/Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)/Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). We investigated how the cloud phase and ice crystal habit characterized by CALIOP globally relate with radar reflectivity and temperature. The global relationship thus identified was employed to develop an algorithm for hydrometeor type classification with CPR alone. The CPR-based type classification was then combined with CALIPSO-based type characterization to give CPR-CALIOP synergy classification. A unique aspect of this algorithm is to exploit and combine the lidar's sensitivity to thin ice clouds and the radar's ability to penetrate light precipitation to offer more complete picture of vertically resolved hydrometeor type classification than has been provided by previous studies. Given the complementary nature of radar and lidar detections of hydrometeors, our algorithm delivers thirteen hydrometeor types: warm water, supercooled water, randomly-oriented ice crystal (3D-ice), horizontally-oriented plate (2D-plate), 3D-ice+2D-plate, liquid drizzle, mixed-phase drizzle, rain, snow, mixed-phase cloud, water+liquid drizzle, water+rain and unknown. The global statistics of three-dimensional occurrence frequency of each hydrometeor type revealed that 3D-ice contributes the most to the total cloud occurrence frequency (53.8%), followed by supercooled water (14.3%), 2D-plate (9.2%), rain (5.9%), warm water (5.7%), snow (4.8%), mixed-phase drizzle (2.3%), and the remaining types (4.0%). This hydrometeor type classification provides useful observation-based information for climate model diagnostics in representation of cloud phase and their microphysical characteristics.

Published
2017

21. Murres forage more efficiently in well-stratified waters

Author

Sato, Nobuhiko, Kokubun, Nobuo, Yamamoto, Takashi, M. Kikuchi, Dale, Watanuki, Yutaka, S. Kitaysky, Alexander, and Takahashi, Akinori

Abstract

第7回極域科学シンポジウム:[OB] 極域生物圏11月29日（火）国立極地研究所 1階 交流アトリウム

Published
2016

22. Differential responses of seabirds to climate variability over two years in the southeast Bering Sea

Author

Yamamoto, Takashi, Kokubun, Nobuo, M. Kikuchi, Dale, Sato, Nobuhiko, Akinori, Takahashi, Will, Alexis, S. Kitaysky, Alexander, and Watanuki, Yutaka

Abstract

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木） 国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウム

Published
2015

23. High-resolution electron microscopy of microstructure of MnF2 subjected to shock compression at 4.4 GPa

Author

Toshiyuki Atou, M. Kikuchi, Ken-ichi Kondo, Kazutaka G. Nakamura, Teruhisa Hongo, and Kunio Yubuta

Subjects
Shock wave, Crystallography, Materials science, Electron diffraction, Rutile, Transmission electron microscopy, Phase (matter), Materials Chemistry, Lamellar structure, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Shock (mechanics)
Abstract

Microstructure of MnF2 subjected to by shock compression at 4.4 GPa was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lamellar structure consisting of twin-related domains of rutile-structure and intergrowth of α - PbO2-type phase is observed in the electron diffraction pattern and TEM images. The crystallographic relationship between rutile and α - PbO2-type phases can be expressed as ( 1 01 ) rutile ∥ ( 001 ) α -PbO 2 and [ 111 ] rutile ∥ [ 110 ] α -PbO 2 .

Published
2007

26. In Situ Observation for Semiconductor Solution Growth using a Near-infrared Microscope

Author

R. Nakamura, Kazuhiko Kuribayashi, Yuko Inatomi, M. Kikuchi, and Itaru Jimbo

Subjects
Natural convection, Microscope, Condensed matter physics, Chemistry, business.industry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Substrate (electronics), Activation energy, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystal, Crystallography, Semiconductor, law, Materials Chemistry, business
Abstract

In situ observation experiments of semiconductor solution growth using a near-infrared microscope have been performed to investigate an influence of surface orientation of a substrate crystal upon the morphological change of the S/L interface. The orientation dependence of step kinetic coefficient at the interface in GaP/GaP growth was obtained under a reduced convection condition in order to evaluate a behavior of macrosteps during the growth. A morphological change of S/L interface at the early stage of GaAs x P 1-x /GaP hetero-LPE growth was also discussed from the view point of the surface orientation dependence.

Published
2005

27. First look at the physics case of TLEP

Author

Marco Zanetti, G. Coignet, J.J. van der Bij, Dmytro Kovalskyi, Oreste Nicrosini, Elizabeth Locci, John Jowett, M. Spiro, E. Meschi, H. Duran Yildiz, Luca Silvestrini, Louis Rinolfi, G. Venanzoni, L. Malgeri, Marco Ciuchini, Yang Bai, Umberto Dosselli, Eric Lancon, Fabrice Couderc, Pietro Faccioli, Michael Syphers, Kazuhito Ohmi, Maurizio Pierini, John Osborne, P. Musella, Nigel Glover, H. K. Woehri, R. Aleksan, German Ardul Munoz-Hernandez, C. Tanguy, Valery I. Telnov, G. Pauletta, Alexander Lenz, Philippe Mermod, Yasar Onel, Lian-Tao Wang, Christos Leonidopoulos, Mogens Dam, A. V. Gramolin, Mario Campanelli, Veronica Sanz, E. Torrente-Lujan, P. Lenzi, O. Frasciello, R. Talman, Luca Trentadue, Serguei Ganjour, Sigve Haug, David D'Enterria, S. Wang, M. Kikuchi, D. W. Kim, Mikhail Zobov, Celine Boehm, L. Deniau, Nectaria A. B. Gizani, Robert Appleby, Hywel Owen, Massimo Antonelli, Nathaniel Craig, Stefan Antusch, R. Cakir, Maxime Gouzevitch, G. Roy, C. S. Waaijer, Arno Heister, Marco Delmastro, Sandrine Laplace, A. Valassi, A. Butterworth, D. Porsuk, Gerardo Ganis, Frank Zimmermann, Manuela Boscolo, Tanaji Sen, Gian F. Giudice, K. Potamianos, Michael Koratzinos, John Ellis, Hong-Jian He, P. Schwemling, Federico Carminati, Jean Zinn-Justin, M. De Gruttola, Markus Klute, Cristina Botta, Frank Krauss, M. Bicer, Guillelmo Gomez-Ceballos, E. Castaneda Miranda, Jorg Wenninger, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Juan Rojo, Michail Bachtis, Haruyo Koiso, Guido Montagna, Marumi Kado, Eugene Bulyak, M. Chamizo, C. Bernet, Brennan Goddard, Pierre Petroff, Patrick Janot, C. Milardi, Tao Han, I. Yildiz, F. Moortgat, Fulvio Piccinini, W. Da Silva, Sanjay Padhi, Katsunobu Oide, Christophe Grojean, Theodoros Alexopoulos, Roberto Ruiz de Austri, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Vitaliano Ciulli, Andrea Sciabà, Carlos Lourenco, H. Maury Cuna, Luca Perrozzi, Barbara Mele, Claudio Luci, David Bertsche, F. Kapusta, Patrizia Azzi, C. Gracios, A. De Roeck, A. David, A. Blondel, Stefano Moretti, Asunción Moreno, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Gomez-Ceballos, Guillelmo, Klute, Markus, Zanetti, Marco, Blondel, Alain, Koratzinos, Michaël, and Mermod, Philippe

Subjects
Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cost effectiveness, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, e+-e- Experiments, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Boson, Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, hep-ph, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Design study, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The discovery by the ATLAS and CMS experiments of a new boson with mass around 125 GeV and with measured properties compatible with those of a Standard-Model Higgs boson, coupled with the absence of discoveries of phenomena beyond the Standard Model at the TeV scale, has triggered interest in ideas for future Higgs factories. A new circular e+e- collider hosted in a 80 to 100 km tunnel, TLEP, is among the most attractive solutions proposed so far. It has a clean experimental environment, produces high luminosity for top-quark, Higgs boson, W and Z studies, accommodates multiple detectors, and can reach energies up to the t-tbar threshold and beyond. It will enable measurements of the Higgs boson properties and of Electroweak Symmetry-Breaking (EWSB) parameters with unequalled precision, offering exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model in the multi-TeV range. Moreover, being the natural precursor of the VHE-LHC, a 100 TeV hadron machine in the same tunnel, it builds up a long-term vision for particle physics. Altogether, the combination of TLEP and the VHE-LHC offers, for a great cost effectiveness, the best precision and the best search reach of all options presently on the market. This paper presents a first appraisal of the salient features of the TLEP physics potential, to serve as a baseline for a more extensive design study., Comment: 43 pages, 18 figures, 11 tables, 85 references. Changes with respect to version V2: The comments from the JHEP referee are now included

Published
2014

28. Effect of V, Ir-Doping on the Jc Properties of Bi2223 Tapes

Author

H. Kumakura, M. Kikuchi, Y. Tanaka, Hiroshi Maeda, K. Watanabe, and K. Kakimoto

Subjects
High-temperature superconductivity, Materials science, Precipitation (chemistry), Doping, Analytical chemistry, Vanadium, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Phase formation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry, law, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Iridium, Ceramic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

We prepared Ag-sheathed mono-core tapes and multifilamentary tapes with 19 filaments by the powder-in-tube method, using V- and Ir-doped Bi2223 powder with a doping amount x less than 0.15. In the doped tapes two effects are overlapped: One is the decrease in J/sub c/ due to some weak links caused by precipitates such as Sr-V-O oxides, and the other is the increase in J/sub c/ with the doping content due to the enhancement of Bi2223 phase formation. This results in a minimum in J/sub c/ at x=0.05. The second effect becomes stronger in the V-doping, because of the great enhancement of Bi2223 phase formation. In the Ir-doped tapes the J/sub c/ values decrease monotonically with the doping content. For the multifilamentary tapes the V-doping is very effective to obtain high I/sub c/ values.

Published
1999

29. Proton magnetic resonance identification and discrimination of stereoisomers of C27 steroids using lanthanide shift reagents.

Author

T Iida, M Kikuchi, T Tamura, and T Matsumoto

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

A simple proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic method is described for the identification and and confirmation of several stereoisomeric paris of C27 stanols as well as their keto and acetate derivatives related to cholesterol. The method, which involves the use of lanthanide shift reagents, is useful in distinguishing clearly between the isomeric pairs differing only in the geometry of a functional group and/or of the A/B-ring junction in the steroid skeleton.

Published
1979
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32. Instantaneous nano-order fragmentation in mullite ceramics triggered by a shock-induced phase transition

Author

Toshiyuki Atou, M. Kikuchi, Nobuaki Kawai, Shun Ito, and Kunio Yubuta

Subjects
Shock wave, Phase transition, Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Mullite, Crystal structure, Oxygen, chemistry, Chemical physics, visual_art, Nano, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ceramic, Material properties
Abstract

Mullite, a conventional refractory material, was observed to exhibit a peculiar nano-order fragmentation accompanying a phase transition induced by a shock wave. We propose a mechanism for this nanofragmentation, based on a comparative study of mullite-related materials. The microtextures of the mullite-related materials were affected by their initial crystal structure and chemical composition, indicating that oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure play an important role in the nanofragmentation. The results of the present study will help enable the deliberate control of the physical and mechanical properties of materials during high-velocity impact.

Published
2010

33. Evaluation of the 24-Hour Profiles of Physiological Insulin, Glucose, and C-Peptide in Healthy Japanese Volunteers.

Author

K. Tsukuda, M. Kikuchi, S. Irie, T. Eto, A. Yamada, K. Matsuguma, T. Sasaki, and Y. Katayama

Subjects
*BLOOD testing, *INSULIN, *C-peptide, *BLOOD sugar, *JAPANESE people, *BLOOD plasma, *HEALTH
Abstract

AbstractBackground:Some studies have demonstrated the benefit of blood glucose control as close as possible to physiological conditions. Not enough reports have investigated in detail the 24-h plasma profiles of insulin/glucose/C-peptide. Here we investigated the 24-h plasma profiles of physiological insulin/glucose/C-peptide in healthy Japanese adults.Methods:In order to evaluate the 24-h profiles of physiological insulin/glucose/C-peptide profiles, 42 blood samples were taken from each subject in our group of healthy Japanese volunteers to measure the 24-h profile with three standardized meals.Results:Plasma glucose and insulin increased rapidly followed by a rapid decrease after each meal with little variation at night. The average peak values of insulin after each meal were as follows: 426.20 pmol/L (breakfast), 373.75 pmol/L (lunch), and 410.28 pmol/L (dinner). The average times to peak insulin were 0.651 h (breakfast), 0.677 h (lunch), and 0.689 h (dinner). The corresponding average maximum postprandial plasma glucose levels were 8.39 mmol/L (breakfast), 8.77 mmol/L (lunch), and 8.74 mmol/L (dinner). The average times to peak glucose were 0.738 h (breakfast), 0.650 h (lunch), and 0.625 h (dinner). The average maximum postprandial C-peptide levels were 2.64 nmol/L (breakfast), 2.55 nmol/L (lunch), and 2.67 nmol/L (dinner). No major differences were found in these parameters between the Caucasian and Japanese populations.Conclusions:This is the first investigation to measure the 24-h profiles of insulin/glucose/C-peptide in healthy Japanese volunteers with standardized meals. It is hoped this information will provide useful reference for future research and clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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34. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Myanmar using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs).

Author

R. Shishido, M. Kikuchi, K. Nomura, and H. Ikehashi

Abstract

As a part of an in situ survey of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Myanmar (Burma), 16 strains of wild rice were collected, and analyzed for allelic diversity over 74 loci with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to obtain a basic information for their conservation. Three each of indica and japonica cultivars were added for a comparison. In the six cultivars and 16 strains of wild rice, three to 15 alleles were detected per locus with an average of 7.9. The wild rice revealed a large number of unique alleles throughout their chromosomes with much wider ranges of variation than those detected in the six cultivars of O. sativa L.. The alleles found in the wild rice were classified into those specific to wild rice, common to wild rice and cultivars, and those similar to indica or japonica cultivars. According to the classification, the genotype of each of the 16 strains of wild rice was schematically depicted. The genetic variation among individual strains within a collection site was larger than the variation among the collection sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

35. Structural evolutions of an obsidian and its fused glass by shock-wave compression.

Author

K. Shimoda, M. Okuno, Y. Syono, M. Kikuchi, K. Fukuoka, M. Koyano, and S. Katayama

Subjects
OBSIDIAN, GLASS, SHOCK waves, INFRARED spectroscopy
Abstract

Shock-recovery experiments for obsidian and its fused glass have been carried out with pressure up to 35 GPa. Structural evolution accompanying the shock compression was investigated using X-ray diffraction technique, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The densities of obsidian and its fused glass increased with applied shock pressure up to ~25 GPa. Densification reached a maximum of 4.7 and 3.6% for obsidian and its fused glass, respectively. The densification mechanism is attributed to reduction of the T–O–T angle, and changes in ring statistics in the structure. Density reduction observed at greater than 25 GPa of applied shock pressure is due to partial annealing of the high-density glass structures brought by high post-shock residual temperature. The density of fused glass is almost equal to its original value at 35 GPa while the shocked obsidian has a slightly lower value than its original value. Amorphization of crystallites present in the obsidian due to shock compression is probably the cause of the density decrease. The structural evolution observed in shock-compressed obsidian and its fused glass can be explained by densification resulting from average T–O–T angle reduction and increase of small rings, and subsequent structural relaxation by high post-shock temperature at applied shock compression above ~25 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

36. A classification of martingale Hardy spaces associated withrearrangement-invariant function spaces.

Author

M. Kikuchi

Abstract

Let X be a rearrangement-invariant Banach function space over a complete probability space $$ (\Omega,\,\Sigma,\,\mathbb{P}) $$ , and denote by $$ \mathbb{H}(X,\,({\cal F}_n)) $$ the Hardy space consisting of all martingales $$ f = (f_{n},\, {\cal F}_{n})_{n \geq 0} $$ such that $$ \sup\limits_{n \geq 0} |f_n| \in X $$ . We prove that $$ f = (f_{n},\, {\cal F}_n) \in \mathbb{H}(X,\,({\cal F}_n)) $$ implies $$ {\cal A}f = ({\cal A}f_{n},\, {\cal F}_n) \in \mathbb{H}(X,\,({\cal F}_n)) $$ for any filtration $$ {\cal F} = ({\cal F}_n) $$ if and only if Doob’s inequality holds in X, where $$ {\cal A}f = ({\cal A}f_{n},\, {\cal F}_n) $$ denotes the martingale defined by $$ {\cal A}f_{n} = \mathbb{E}[|f_{\infty}| \, |{\cal F}_n] $$ , n = 0, 1, 2, ..., and $$ f_{\infty} = \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} f_n $$ a.s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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37. A Rice Village Saga : Three Decades of Green Revolution in the Philippines

Author

Y. Hayami, M. Kikuchi, Y. Hayami, and M. Kikuchi

Subjects
Rice trade--Philippines, Social change--Philippines, Rural development--Philippines, Green Revolution--Philippines, Agricultural innovations--Philippines, Agriculture and state--Philippines, Rural development--Philippines--Sociological aspects
Abstract

Waves of modernizing forces, such as the commercialisation of new technology, have been pressing major change upon rural communities in the Third World. But has modernization created greater poverty and inequality? A unique data set generated from eleven surveys during 1966-87 in a typical rice village in the Philippines, illustrates a pattern of socio-economic change shared by many lowland rice areas in the Philippines as well as in other Asian economies. The authors present the lessons drawn from thirty years of detailed empirical research.

Published
2000

38. Recent R&D progress on DI-BSCCO wires with high critical current properties

Author

Shinichi Kobayashi, T. Nakashima, Jun-ichi Shimoyama, Kenichi Sato, Hitoshi Kitaguchi, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Tomohiro Kagiyama, M. Kikuchi, S. Yamade, and K. Yamazaki

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, High-temperature superconductivity, Superconducting wire, DI-BSCCO, Sintering, Nanotechnology, Physics and Astronomy(all), engineering.material, Microstructure, Engineering physics, Bi2223 tape, uniformity, law.invention, law, Magnet, Lamination, engineering, Critical current
Abstract

Sumitomo Electric has been developing the silver-sheathed Bi2223 multi-filamentary wires since the discovery of Bi-based superconductors. DI-BSCCO is the superconducting wire with high and uniform critical current properties produced using the controlled-overpressure (CT-OP) sintering technique. The present commercial DI-BSCCO can provide the uniform high critical current, I c, up to 180 A with length over 2000 m, and recently over 200 A with length over 1000 m were produced successfully, resulting from the improvement and control of the microstructure in Bi2223 multi-filaments. The short trial wires of several meters have exhibited the highest I c over 240 A at 77 K in self-field (corresponding to 580 A per 1 cm-width). Besides, the optimization of carrier density after CT-OP have led to further enhancement of I c, reached 250 A at 77 K in self-field. All the derivative products also have uniform critical current properties over entire length even after lamination with the reinforcing metals. The performances of DI-BSCCO can meet the growing needs for various applications of high temperature superconductor like high in-field applications, such as magnets and motors. The recent progress in transport properties of commercial DI-BSCCO and R&D short trial wires is shown.

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39. Promotion of monolayer formation in cultured whole pancreatic islets by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine

Author

H Ohgawara, C Hofmann, Y Hirata, Raymond J. Carroll, Allen D. Labrecque, M Kikuchi, C Takahashi, and Donald F. Steiner

Subjects
geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Pancreatic islets, Enteroendocrine cell, Biology, Islet, Cell biology, Rats, Islets of Langerhans, medicine.anatomical_structure, Glucose, Biochemistry, Xanthines, Monolayer, medicine, Endocrine system, Animals, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Fibroblast, Cells, Cultured, Research Article
Abstract

Normal adult rat islets usually remained intact and encapsulated, even after many days in culture. In contrast, islets cultured in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.1 mM) attached more readily to the surface of plastic culture dishes and almost uniformly formed monolayers of endocrine cells. The mechanism of this effect is not known but presumably involves increases in cellular cyclic AMP content. Fibroblast growth did not appear to be stimulated by the inhibitor. These adult pancreatic endocrine monolayer cultures can be produced readily and provide useful preparations for further morphological and biochemical studies of factors affecting the differentiation, growth, and regenerative capacity of islet cells.

Published
1978

41. L-mode-edge negative triangularity tokamak reactor.

Author

M. Kikuchi, T. Takizuka, S. Medvedev, T. Ando, D. Chen, J.X. Li, M. Austin, O. Sauter, L. Villard, A. Merle, M. Fontana, Y. Kishimoto, and K. Imadera

Subjects
*FUSION reactors, *MAGNETIC fields, *PHYSICS
Abstract

The negative triangularity tokamak (NTT) is a unique reactor concept based on ‘power-handling-first’ philosophy with the heat exhaust problem as the leading concern. The present paper exposes a reactor concept using L-mode edge based on NTT configuration, providing merits of no (or very weak) edge-localized modes, larger particle flux and large major radius for power handling. It is shown that a reasonably compact (Rp from 9 m to 7 m) NTT reactor is possible by achieving higher confinement improvement (HH  =  1.5) and/or by utilizing reasonably higher magnetic field (Bmax  =  15.5 T). Current physics basis and critical issues on its scientific and technical feasibility are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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45. System Upgrade for the Electrode Biasing Experiment in LHD

Author

S., Kitajima, H., Utoh, H., Umetsu, K., Ishii, J., Satoh, M., Sasao, A., Okamoto, T., Kobuchi, K., Okada, N., Tanaka, D., Funaki, M., Kikuchi, M., Kisaki, T., Isono, H., Takahashi, S., Masuzaki, M., Shoji, N., Ashikawa, M., Tokitani, T., Morisaki, K., Nishimura, M., Yokoyama, Y., Suzuki, S., Yoshimura, A., Komori, S., Inagaki, and M., Takayama

47. Bridge Over Plasma-related Interdisciplinary Sciences

Author

H., \\'Yoneda, T., Saito, A., Ando, M., Kikuchi, M., Hasuo, T., Miyoshi, H., Idei, N., Miyato, N., Tamura, A., Okamoto, T., Higashiguchi, N., Yokoi, K.A., Tanaka, Y., Uesugi, M. , Ogura, K., Furukawa, K., Ida, T., Nozaki, K., Terashima, A., Fukuyama, and K.\\', Nagaoka

48. Formation of Divertor Configuration and Measurement of Divertor Plasmas on QUEST

Author

K., Hanada, K.N., Sato, H., Zushi, N., Yoshida, K., Nakamura, M., Sakamoto, H., Idei, M., Hasegawa, M., Ishiguro, H., Liu, H., Tachikawa, S., Yamanaka, T., Yamada, T., Yoshinaga, H., Fujiyoshi, K., Hamamoto, H., Takahashi, O., Mitarai, N., Nishino, T., Maekawa, H., Tanaka, Y., Takase, A., Ejiri, Y., Nakashima, and M., Kikuchi

49. Non-inductive Current Drive and Particle Recycling Study in Steady State Divertor Configuration in QUEST

Author

H., \\'Zushi, K., Hanada, K., Nakamura, A., Fujisawa, H., Idei, Y., Nagashima, M., Hasegawa, T., Tanabe, K., Matsuoka, K., Sato, N., Yoshida, M., Isobe, S., Kubo, M., Emoto, T., Kojima, T., Morisaki, S., Yoshimura, H., Nakanishi, H., Watanabe, B., Santanu, R., Kumazawa, M., Matsuyama, Y., Tomita, K., Nagaoka, M., Shoji, S., Okamura, A., Sagara, K., Tokunaga, N., Tanaka, S., Kawasaki, Y., Hatano, K., Mishra, S., Masuzaki, A., Higashijima, H., Nakashima, Y., Miyamoto, K., Araki, T., Fujiwara, T., Onchi, N., Ashikawa, Y., Kimura, H., Okano, S., Masamune, A., Sanpei, H., Tanaka, I., Takagi, T., Shikama, H., Matsuura, S., Kobayashi, K., Nagasaki, Y., Kishimoto, T., Maekawa, A., Ejiri, M., Hasuo, Y., Ueda, A., Fukuyama, S., Ooshima, Y., Uesugi, Y., Tsushima, O., Mitarai, A., Tonegawa, T., Shoji, Y., Ogawa, N., Ohno, N., Nishino, M., Ohsuna, M., Tokitani, M., Sakamoto, Y., Nakashima, T., Takeda, S., Iio, G., Fujii, A., Shimizu, S., Nagata, Y., Takase, T., Yoshinaga, Y., Ono, S., Kado, M., Inomoto, T., Yamada, T., Yamaguchi, M., Takechi, J., Hiratsuka, H., Togashi, T., Asai, B., Tsuchiya, H., Sakakita, K., Toi, A., Ando, T., Yamamoto, A., Iwamae, Y., Kawamata, T., Nakano, K., Hoshino, K., Shimizu, N., Asakura, K., Uehara, H., Kawashima, M., Kikuchi, S., Takamura, M., Yoshinuma, M., Sueoka, T., Fujita, T., Yagi, S., Ide, S., Morita, T., Saito, M., Nagata, N., Fukumoto, Y., Hirooka, K., Okuno, Y., Kikuchi, H., Iwakiri, A., Hatakeya, H., Kasahara, Y., Oya, Y., Nagayama, M., Miyamoto, T., Kenmotsu, K., Ohya, H., Igami, N., Takeuchi, Y., Saitou, Y., Nakamura, M., Osakabe, N., Nakajima, T., Shimozuma, T., Mutoh, and T.\\', Akiyama

50. Studies on Steady State Spherical Tokamak by the 'Plasma Boundary Dynamics Experimental Device (QUEST)' in Kyushu University

Author

H., \\'Zushi, K., Hanada, K., Nakamura, A., Fujisawa, M., Sakamoto, H., Idei, M., Hasegawa, Y., Higashizono, T., Tanabe, K.N., Sato, N., Yoshida, H., Watanabe, K., Tokunaga, S., Masamune, I., Takagi, T., Shikama, K., Nagasaki, Y., Kishimoto, T., Maekawa, A., Fukuyama, H., Tanaka, Y., Uesugi, O., Mitarai, A., Tonegawa, N., Nishino, H., Matsuura, Y., Ueda, Y., Tsushima, Y., Nakashima, T., Takeda, S., Iio, A., Ejiri, Y., Ogawa, Y., Takase, Y., Ono, S., Kado, A., Iwamae, K., Uehara, K., Shimizu, N., Asakura, M., Kikuchi, M., Takechi, T., Saito, M., Nagata, N., Fukumoto, N., Ohno, H., Iwakiri, Y., Hatano, A., Komori, O., Kaneko, H., Yamada, K., Kawahata, Y., Takeiri, Y., Nakamura, N., Nakajima, Y., Nagayama, T., Mutoh, Y., Hirooka, H., Igami, M., Isobe, S., Kubo, M., Emoto, M., Kojima, T., Morisaki, H., Nakanishi, M., Osakabe, Y., Tomita, K., Nagaoka, S., Okamura, A., Sagara, T., Shimozuma, S., Morita, K., Toi, M., Tokitani, S., Masuzaki, T., Yoshinaga, N., Ashikawa, and A.\\', Ando

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