117 results on '"Kwok, Sze Chai"'
Search Results
2. An Intricate Relationship between Executive Function and Second-Language Ability in a Cohort of Uyghur-Chinese Bilingual Children
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Chen, Jin, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Song, Yongning
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The relationship between executive function and second-language ability remains contentious in bilingual children; thus, the current study focused on this issue. In total, 371 Uyghur-Chinese bilingual children ranging from 3 to 6 years old were assessed by a battery of tasks measuring language ability (expressive vocabulary tests, receptive vocabulary tests, and phonological awareness of both their first-language and second-language) and executive function (working memory, inhibition, and switching). Our results indicated that age is a crucial moderator of the relationship between second-language ability and executive function. Specifically, executive function unilaterally predicted second-language ability in children who were 3-4 years old, whereas second-language ability and executive function bilaterally influenced each other in children who were 4-5 and 5-6 years old. These findings suggest that executive function and second-language ability have an intertwined and causal relationship among preschool children during development. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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- 2023
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3. Effects of post-learning nap in the recognition memory for faces in habitual nappers
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Wu, Jue, Kwok, Sze Chai, Wang, Huimin, and Wang, Zhaoxin
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- 2024
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4. Time-sensitive prefrontal involvement in associating confidence with task performance illustrates metacognitive introspection in monkeys
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Cai, Yudian, Jin, Zhiyong, Zhai, Chenxi, Wang, Huimin, Wang, Jijun, Tang, Yingying, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2022
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5. Neurapraxia in patients with trigeminal neuralgia but no identifiable neurovascular conflict during microvascular decompression: a retrospective analysis of 26 cases
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Li, Juan, Zhou, Min, Wang, Yuhai, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Yin, Jia
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- 2022
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6. Atypical meta-memory evaluation strategy in schizophrenia patients
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Zheng, Yunxuan, Wang, Lei, Gerlofs, D. Jacob, Duan, Wei, Wang, Xinyi, Yin, Jia, Yan, Chao, Allé, Mélissa C., Berna, Fabrice, Wang, Jijun, Tang, Yingying, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2022
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7. Common functional localizers to enhance NHP & cross-species neuroscience imaging research
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Russ, Brian E, Petkov, Christopher I, Kwok, Sze Chai, Zhu, Qi, Belin, Pascal, Vanduffel, Wim, and Hamed, Suliann Ben
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- 2021
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8. Diffusion property and functional connectivity of superior longitudinal fasciculus underpin human metacognition
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Zheng, Yunxuan, Wang, Danni, Ye, Qun, Zou, Futing, Li, Yao, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2021
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9. Beyond MRI: on the scientific value of combining non-human primate neuroimaging with metadata
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Poirier, Colline, Hamed, Suliann Ben, Garcia-Saldivar, Pamela, Kwok, Sze Chai, Meguerditchian, Adrien, Merchant, Hugo, Rogers, Jeffrey, Wells, Sara, and Fox, Andrew S.
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- 2021
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10. Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia: A narrative review and proposed agenda for research
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Kwok, Sze Chai, Xu, Xinming, Duan, Wei, Wang, Xinyi, Tang, Yingying, Allé, Mélissa C., and Berna, Fabrice
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- 2021
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11. Sharing voxelwise neuroimaging results from rhesus monkeys and other species with Neurovault
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Fox, Andrew S., Holley, Daniel, Klink, Peter Christiaan, Arbuckle, Spencer A., Barnes, Carol A., Diedrichsen, Jörn, Kwok, Sze Chai, Kyle, Colin, Pruszynski, J. Andrew, Seidlitz, Jakob, Zhou, XuFeng, Poldrack, Russell A., and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.
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- 2021
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12. Mnemonic vulnerability induced by post-activation time-dependent new-learning
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Shen, Fengtao, Chen, Xingxia, Li, Jianqi, Cao, Weicong, Ku, Yixuan, Wu, Jue, Cui, Yue, Wang, Zhaoxin, Wang, Huimin, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2019
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13. The Confidence Database
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Rahnev, Dobromir, Desender, Kobe, Lee, Alan L. F., Adler, William T., Aguilar-Lleyda, David, Akdoğan, Başak, Arbuzova, Polina, Atlas, Lauren Y., Balcı, Fuat, Bang, Ji Won, Bègue, Indrit, Birney, Damian P., Brady, Timothy F., Calder-Travis, Joshua, Chetverikov, Andrey, Clark, Torin K., Davranche, Karen, Denison, Rachel N., Dildine, Troy C., Double, Kit S., Duyan, Yalçın A., Faivre, Nathan, Fallow, Kaitlyn, Filevich, Elisa, Gajdos, Thibault, Gallagher, Regan M., de Gardelle, Vincent, Gherman, Sabina, Haddara, Nadia, Hainguerlot, Marine, Hsu, Tzu-Yu, Hu, Xiao, Iturrate, Iñaki, Jaquiery, Matt, Kantner, Justin, Koculak, Marcin, Konishi, Mahiko, Koß, Christina, Kvam, Peter D., Kwok, Sze Chai, Lebreton, Maël, Lempert, Karolina M., Ming Lo, Chien, Luo, Liang, Maniscalco, Brian, Martin, Antonio, Massoni, Sébastien, Matthews, Julian, Mazancieux, Audrey, Merfeld, Daniel M., O’Hora, Denis, Palser, Eleanor R., Paulewicz, Borysław, Pereira, Michael, Peters, Caroline, Philiastides, Marios G., Pfuhl, Gerit, Prieto, Fernanda, Rausch, Manuel, Recht, Samuel, Reyes, Gabriel, Rouault, Marion, Sackur, Jérôme, Sadeghi, Saeedeh, Samaha, Jason, Seow, Tricia X. F., Shekhar, Medha, Sherman, Maxine T., Siedlecka, Marta, Skóra, Zuzanna, Song, Chen, Soto, David, Sun, Sai, van Boxtel, Jeroen J. A., Wang, Shuo, Weidemann, Christoph T., Weindel, Gabriel, Wierzchoń, Michał, Xu, Xinming, Ye, Qun, Yeon, Jiwon, Zou, Futing, and Zylberberg, Ariel
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- 2020
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14. Unveiling the potential of machine learning in schizophrenia diagnosis: A meta‐analytic study of task‐based neuroimaging data.
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Wang, Xuan, Yan, Chao, Yang, Peng‐yuan, Xia, Zheng, Cai, Xin‐lu, Wang, Yi, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Chan, Raymond C.K.
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MACHINE learning ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,BRAIN imaging ,SELECTIVITY (Psychology) ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
The emergence of machine learning (ML) techniques has opened up new avenues for identifying biomarkers associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) using task‐related fMRI (t‐fMRI) designs. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 31 t‐fMRI studies using a bivariate model. Our findings revealed a high overall sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.82 for t‐fMRI studies. Notably, neuropsychological domains modulated the classification performance, with selective attention demonstrating a significantly higher specificity than working memory (β = 0.98, z = 2.11, P = 0.04). Studies involving older, chronic patients with SCZ reported higher sensitivity (P <0.015) and specificity (P <0.001) than those involving younger, first‐episode patients or high‐risk individuals for psychosis. Additionally, we found that the severity of negative symptoms was positively associated with the specificity of the classification model (β = 7.19, z = 2.20, P = 0.03). Taken together, these results support the potential of using task‐based fMRI data in combination with machine learning techniques to identify biomarkers related to symptom outcomes in SCZ, providing a promising avenue for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Future attempts to deploy ML classification should consider the factors of algorithm choice, data quality and quantity, as well as issues related to generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. A biphasic effect of cross-modal priming on visual shape recognition
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Kwok, Sze Chai, Fantoni, Carlo, Tamburini, Laura, Wang, Lei, and Gerbino, Walter
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- 2018
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16. Individual susceptibility to TMS affirms the precuneal role in meta-memory upon recollection
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Ye, Qun, Zou, Futing, Dayan, Michael, Lau, Hakwan, Hu, Yi, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2019
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17. Mnemonic functions in the macaque monkey : further insight into the role of the fornix
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Buckley, M.
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571.1 ,Neuropsychology ,Experimental psychology ,behavioural neuroscience ,memory ,learning - Abstract
The fornical tract, a major input-output pathway of the hippocampus, of the primate brain makes crucial contributions to visual memory, as effects after surgical or aetiological lesions of this tract are widely documented in the monkey and human literature. Here, a series of experiments sought to further elucidate the functions of this structure with a battery of novel tasks in macaque monkeys, conducted either on a touchscreen or in an ambulatory chamber, so as to offer a more global view of the mnemonic role accomplished by it. After receiving bilateral transection of the fornix, monkeys are impeded in the 'fast learning' phase of a large number of new visuospatial conditional problems, with major impairments seen in eliminating non-perseverative errors. These fornix transected monkeys are however facilitated in the initial acquisition of a visuovisual conditional task, with facilitation seen in their improved ability in eliminating perseverative errors. It is also demonstrated in an ambulatory apparatus, in comparison to control monkeys, these monkeys are impaired in the new learning of visuospatial context of environments, albeit still displaying intact locomotor and exploratory behaviour patterns. Contrary to the relatively clear role in new learning, the involvement of the fornix in memory retention over the very long-term is unknown. It is shown here that once some visuospatial information is learnt; the fornix is no longer implicated in the retention of the material. The effects of fornix transection are also found to be detrimental on a spatial recognition task, with impairments observed in acquisition of the more demanding stages of the task. The overall results covered in this thesis support previous work suggesting that the fornix mediates the new learning of visual information, and I further propose that this fornical involvement lies primarily in the learning of spatio-temporal contexts, particularly during 'fast learning', as well as in task-sets acquisition. I also argue for dissociation in the contributions of the fornix and hippocampus to some memory processes in the macaque.
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- 2008
18. Association between individual resilience and depression or anxiety among general adult population during COVID-19: a systematic review.
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Yap, Mei Chen, Wu, Fei, Huang, Xulei, Tang, Lingli, Su, Kehan, Tong, Xin, Kwok, Sze Chai, Wu, Chenkai, Wang, Shan, He, Zhengting, and Yan, Lijing L
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PREVENTION of mental depression ,ANXIETY prevention ,ONLINE information services ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MENTAL health ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,MEDLINE ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated depression and anxiety worldwide. Resilience is important to maintain mental health during uncertain times, but limited study has systematically reviewed its association with depression or anxiety with an emphasis on the general population. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for quantitative or mixed-methods studies on the general adult population published between 1 January 2020 and 31 April 2022 (PROSPERO ID: CRD 42022340935). National Institute of the Health quality assessment tools was used to assess the risk of bias. We qualitatively synthesized findings by outcome and study design. Results A total of 2945 studies were screened and 35 studies were included in the narrative analysis (5 on depression, 9 on anxiety, and 21 on both). Overall, 21 studies identified statistically significant inverse associations between resilience and depression, while 24 studies found statistically significant inverse associations between resilience and anxiety. Eight studies reported no statistically significant relationships between resilience with depression or anxiety. Conclusions Resilience was found to be inversely associated with depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of resilience-enhancing intervention in migrating the global mental health burden from outbreaks of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Adaptability to Changes in Temporal Structure Is Fornix-Dependent
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Kwok, Sze Chai, Mitchell, Anna S., and Buckley, Mark J.
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Recognition memory deficits, even after short delays, are sometimes observed following hippocampal damage. One hypothesis links the hippocampus with processes in updating contextual memory representation. Here, we used fornix transection, which partially disconnects the hippocampal system, and compares the performance of fornix-transected monkeys with normal monkeys on two versions of a delayed-matching-to-position task with short delays. Spatial recognition memory was affected by fornix transection only when the temporal structure of the task changed across trials, while differences in motor control, motivation, perception, or short-term memory were not critical. We attributed the deficit to a compromised ability in tracking changes in task temporal structure.
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- 2015
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20. Adaptability to Changes Intemporal Structure Is Fornix-Dependent
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Kwok, Sze Chai, Mitchell, Anna S., and Buckley, Mark J.
- Abstract
Recognition memory deficits, even after short delays, are sometimes observed following hippocampal damage. One hypothesis links the hippocampus with processes in updating contextual memory representation. Here, we used fornix transection, which partially disconnects the hippocampal system, and compares the performance of fornix-transected monkeys with normal monkeys on two versions of a delayed-matching-to-position task with short delays. Spatial recognition memory was affected by fornix transection only when the temporal structure of the task changed across trials, while differences in motor control, motivation, perception, or short-term memory were not critical. We attributed the deficit to a compromised ability in tracking changes in task temporal structure.
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- 2015
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21. Scale invariance of temporal order discrimination using complex, naturalistic events
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Macaluso, Emiliano
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- 2015
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22. The Evolution of primate short-term memory
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ManyPrimates, null, Aguenounon, Géraud, Allritz, Matthias, Altschul, Drew, Ballesta, Sébastien, Beaud, Alice, Bohn, Manuel, Bornbusch, Sally, Brandão, Angela, Brooks, James, Bugnyar, Thomas, Burkart, J. M., Bustamante, Lía, Call, Josep, Canteloup, Charlotte, Cao, Chuangshi, Caspar, Kai Robert, da Silva, Diana, de Sousa, Alexandra, DeTroy, Sarah, Duguid, Shona, Eppley, Timothy, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Julia, Gong, Chi, Grange, James, Grebe, Nicholas, Hanus, Daniel, Haun, Daniel, Haux, Lou, Héjja-Brichard, Yseult, Helman, Annabella, Hernadi, Istvan, Hernandez-Aguilar, R. Adriana, Herrmann, Esther, Hopper, Lydia, Howard, Lauren, Huang, Lei, Huskisson, Sarah, Jacobs, Ivo, Jin, Zhiyong, Joly, Marine, Kano, Fumihiro, Keupp, Stefanie, Kiefer, Evelin, Knakker, Balázs, Kóczán, Katalin, Kraus, Larissa, Kwok, Sze Chai, Lefrançois, Marie, Lewis, Laura, Liu, Siyi, Llorente, Miquel, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth, Loyant, Louise, Majecka, Katarzyna, Maurits, Luke, Meunier, Hélène, Mobili, Flávia, Morino, Luca, Motes-Rodrigo, Alba, Nijman, Vincent, Ihomi, Caroline, Persson, Tomas, Pietraszewski, Dariusz, Reátiga Parrish, Juan, Roig, Anthony, Sánchez-Amaro, Alejandro, Sato, Yutaro, Sauciuc, Gabriela-Alina, Schrock, Allie, Schweinfurth, Manon, Seed, Amanda, Shearer, Caroline, Šlipogor, Vedrana, Su, Yanjie, Sutherland, Kirsten, Tan, Jingzhi, Taylor, Derry, Troisi, Camille, Völter, Christoph, Warren, Elizabeth, Watzek, Julia, Zablocki-Thomas, Pauline, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre
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MCC ,Phylogenetic analysis ,BF Psychology ,phylogenetic analysis ,Psicologia de la cognició ,BF ,DAS ,Cognition in animals ,Memòria immediata ,General Medicine ,cognitive evolution ,Primates -- Behavior ,Primate cognition ,primate cognition ,Primats -- Hàbits i conducta ,Cognitive psychology ,Cognició en els animals ,Cognitive evolution ,Short-term memory - Abstract
* Correspondence should be addressed to Manuel Bohn (manyprimates@gmai l.com). Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities. Publisher PDF
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- 2022
23. Attentional cueing by cross-modal congruency produces both facilitation and inhibition on short-term visual recognition
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Makovac, Elena, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Gerbino, Walter
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- 2014
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24. Functional anatomy of temporal organisation and domain-specificity of episodic memory retrieval
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Kwok, Sze Chai, Shallice, Tim, and Macaluso, Emiliano
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- 2012
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25. An intricate relationship between executive function and second‐language ability in a cohort of Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children.
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Chen, Jin, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Song, Yongning
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EXECUTIVE function , *BILINGUALISM , *VOCABULARY tests , *PRESCHOOL children , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness , *LANGUAGE ability - Abstract
The relationship between executive function and second‐language ability remains contentious in bilingual children; thus, the current study focused on this issue. In total, 371 Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children ranging from 3 to 6 years old were assessed by a battery of tasks measuring language ability (expressive vocabulary tests, receptive vocabulary tests, and phonological awareness of both their first‐language and second‐language) and executive function (working memory, inhibition, and switching). Our results indicated that age is a crucial moderator of the relationship between second‐language ability and executive function. Specifically, executive function unilaterally predicted second‐language ability in children who were 3–4 years old, whereas second‐language ability and executive function bilaterally influenced each other in children who were 4–5 and 5–6 years old. These findings suggest that executive function and second‐language ability have an intertwined and causal relationship among preschool children during development. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Research Highlights: A counterfactual model showed causality between executive function and second language ability in Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children.Executive function unilaterally predicted second language ability in the 3‐ to 4‐year‐old age group.Executive function and second language ability bilaterally influenced each other in the 4‐ to 5 and 5‐ to 6‐year‐old age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. Immediate memory for “when, where and what”: Short-delay retrieval using dynamic naturalistic material
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Macaluso, Emiliano
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- 2015
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27. Distinct Generation of Subjective Vividness and Confidence during Naturalistic Memory Retrieval in Angular Gyrus.
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Zou, Futing and Kwok, Sze Chai
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RECOLLECTION (Psychology) , *PARIETAL lobe , *CONFIDENCE , *FUNCTIONAL connectivity , *NOSTALGIA , *HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) - Abstract
Our subjective experience of remembering guides and monitors the reconstruction of past and simulation of the future, which enables us to identify mistakes and adjust our behavior accordingly. However, what underlies the process of subjective mnemonic experience remains incompletely understood. Here, we combined behavior, repetitive TMS, and functional neuroimaging to probe whether vividness and confidence are generated differently during retrieval. We found that preretrieval repetitive TMS targeting the left angular gyrus (AnG) selectively attenuated the vividness efficiency compared with control stimulation while keeping metacognitive efficiency and objective memory accuracy unaffected. Using trialwise data, we showed that AnG stimulation altered the mediating role of vividness in confidence in the accuracy of memory judgment. Moreover, resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampus and AnG was specifically associated with vividness efficiency, but not metacognitive efficiency across individuals. Together, these results identify the causal involvement of AnG in gauging the vividness, but not the confidence, of memory, thereby suggesting a differentiation account of conscious assessment of memory by functionally and anatomically dissociating the monitoring of vividness from confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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28. Accelerating the Evolution of Nonhuman Primate Neuroimaging
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Milham, Michael, Petkov, Christopher I., Margulies, Daniel S., Schroeder, Charles E., Basso, Michele A., Belin, Pascal, Fair, Damien A., Fox, Andrew, Kastner, Sabine, Mars, Rogier B., Messinger, Adam, Poirier, Colline, Vanduffel, Wim, Van Essen, David C., Alvand, Ashkan, Becker, Yannick, Ben Hamed, Suliann, Benn, Austin, Bodin, Clementine, Boretius, Susann, Cagna, Bastien, Coulon, Olivier, El-Gohary, Sherif Hamdy, Evrard, Henry, Forkel, Stephanie J., Friedrich, Patrick, Froudist-Walsh, Sean, Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo A., Gao, Yang, Gozzi, Alessandro, Grigis, Antoine, Hartig, Renee, Hayashi, Takuya, Heuer, Katja, Howells, Henrietta, Ardesch, Dirk Jan, Jarrett, Wendy, Jedema, Hank P., Kagan, Igor, Kelly, Clare, Kennedy, Henry, Klink, P. Christiaan, Kwok, Sze Chai, Leech, Robert, Liu, Xiaojin, Madan, Christopher, Madushanka, Wasana, Majka, Piotr, Mallon, Ann-Marie, Marche, Kevin, Meguerditchian, Adrien, Menon, Ravi S., Merchant, Hugo, Mitchell, Anna, Nenning, Karl-Heinz, Nikolaidis, Aki, Ortiz-Rios, Michael, Pagani, Marco, Pareek, Vikas, Prescott, Mark, Procyk, Emmanuel, Rajimehr, Reza, Rautu, Ioana-Sabina, Raz, Amir, Roe, Anna Wang, Roumazeilles, Lea, Sakai, Tomoko, Sallet, Jerome, Sato, Chika, Sawiak, Stephen, Schiffer, Marike, Schwiedrzik, Caspar M., Seidlitz, Jakob, Sein, Julien, Shen, Zhi-ming, Shmuel, Amir, Silva, Afonso C., Simone, Luciano, Sirmpilatze, Nikoloz, Sliwa, Julia, Smallwood, Jonathan, Tasserie, Jordy, Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel, Toro, Roberto, Trapeau, Regis, Uhrig, Lynn, Vezoli, Julien, Wang, Zheng, Wells, Sara, Williams, Bella, Xu, Ting, Xu, Augix Guohua, Yacoub, Essa, Zhan, Ming, Ai, Lei, Balezeau, Fabien, Baxter, Mark G., Blezer, Erwin L.A., Brochier, Thomas, Chen, Aihua, Croxson, Paula L., Damatac, Christienne G., Dehaene, Stanislas, Everling, Stefan, Fleysher, Lazar, Freiwald, Winrich, Griffiths, Timothy D., Guedj, Carole, Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila, Harel, Noam, Hiba, Bassem, Jung, Benjamin, Koo, Bonhwang, Laland, Kevin N., Leopold, David A., Lindenfors, Patrik, Meunier, Martine, Mok, Kelvin, Morrison, John H., Nacef, Jennifer, Nagy, Jamie, Pinsk, Mark, Reader, Simon M., Roelfsema, Pieter R., Rudko, David A., Rushworth, Matthew F.S., Russ, Brian E., Schmid, Michael Christoph, Sullivan, Elinor L., Thiele, Alexander, Todorov, Orlin S., Tsao, Doris, Ungerleider, Leslie, Wilson, Charles R.E., Ye, Frank Q., Zarco, Wilbert, and Zhou, Yong-di
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General Neuroscience - Abstract
Nonhuman primate neuroimaging is on the cusp of a transformation, much in the same way its human counterpart was in 2010, when the Human Connectome Project was launched to accelerate progress. Inspired by an open data-sharing initiative, the global community recently met and, in this article, breaks through obstacles to define its ambitions.
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- 2020
29. Where Neuroimaging and Lesion Studies Meet
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Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2013
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30. Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by Venous Offending on the Ventral Side of the Root Entrance/Exit Zone: Classification and Management Strategy.
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Wang, Wenhua, Yu, Feng, Kwok, Sze Chai, Wang, Yuhai, and Yin, Jia
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TRIGEMINAL neuralgia ,NEURALGIA ,ANALGESIA ,VEINS ,CLASSIFICATION ,NUMBNESS - Abstract
Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is typically caused by an offending artery (OA) but may also involve an offending vein. Venous offending on the ventral side of the root entrance/exit zone (VO-VREZ) is particularly challenging. Objective: To analyze the rate and pattern of VO-VREZ and propose management strategy accordingly. Methods: VO-VREZ was classified into 3 types based on its anatomical relationship with a nerve root (A, the vein was covered by the nerve root entirely; B, the vein was lateral to the nerve root; and C, the vein penetrated the nerve root) and 3 groups based on the absence/presence of offending artery (I, no OA; II, suspected OA; and III, definitive OA). Results: The analysis included 143 cases with complete follow-up. Type A, B, and C accounted for 11.9, 31.5, and 56.6% of the cases, respectively. Group I, II, and III accounted for 24.5, 26.6, and 49.0%, respectively. Most group I VO-VREZ cases (26 out of 31) were managed with coagulation followed by division. Most group II VO-VREZ cases (31 out of 38) were decompressed with shredded Teflon interposition. Group III VO-VREZ was left in place in all 70 cases. Immediate pain relief was achieved in all cases. Temporary hemifacial hypesthesia occurred in 21 patients (14.7%), among which 14 were managed with Teflon decompression. Within the 4.5-year median follow-up, pain recurred in 11 patients (7.7%), but all with lesser intensity. Conclusion: VO-VREZ is not uncommon in patients with TGN. Different management strategy should be chosen according to the anatomical feature and the absence/presence of arterial conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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31. Fornix transected macaques make fewer perseverative errors than controls during the early stages of learning conditional visuospatial discriminations
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Buckley, Mark J.
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- 2009
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32. The ebb and flow of attention: Between-subject variation in intrinsic connectivity and cognition associated with the dynamics of ongoing experience
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Kernbach, Julius, Yeo, B., Thiebaut De Schotten, Michel, Walter, Henrik, Sabuncu, Mert, Holmes, Avram, Gramfort, Alexandre, Varoquaux, Gaël, Thirion, Bertrand, Bzdok, Danilo, Milham, Michael, Ai, Lei, Koo, Bonhwang, Xu, Ting, Amiez, Céline, Balezeau, Fabien, Baxter, Mark, Blezer, Erwin L.A., Brochier, Thomas, Chen, Aihua, Croxson, Paula, Damatac, Christienne, Dehaene, Stanislas, Everling, Stefan, Fair, Damian, Fleysher, Lazar, Freiwald, Winrich, Froudist-Walsh, Seán, Griffiths, Timothy, Guedj, Carole, Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila, Ben Hamed, Suliann, Harel, Noam, Hiba, Bassem, Jarraya, Bechir, Jung, Benjamin, Kastner, Sabine, Klink, P. Christiaan, Kwok, Sze Chai, Laland, Kevin, Leopold, David, Lindenfors, Patrik, Mars, Rogier, Menon, Ravi, Messinger, Adam, Meunier, Martine, Mok, Kelvin, Morrison, John, Nacef, Jennifer, Nagy, Jamie, Rios, Michael Ortiz, Petkov, Christopher, Pinsk, Mark, Poirier, Colline, Procyk, Emmanuel, Rajimehr, Reza, Reader, Simon, Roelfsema, Pieter, Rudko, David, Rushworth, Matthew F.S., Russ, Brian, Sallet, Jérôme, Schmid, Michael Christoph, Schwiedrzik, Caspar, Seidlitz, Jakob, Sein, Julien, Shmuel, Amir, Sullivan, Elinor, Ungerleider, Leslie, Thiele, Alexander, Todorov, Orlin, Tsao, Doris, Wang, Zheng, Wilson, Charles R.E., Yacoub, Essa, Ye, Frank, Zarco, Wilbert, Zhou, Yong-di, Schroeder, Charles, Turnbull, Adam, Wang, Hao-Ting, Schooler, Jonathan, Jefferies, Elizabeth, Margulies, Daniel, Smallwood, Jonathan, Department of Psychology [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 646927,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,WANDERINGMINDS(2015), Margulies, Daniel, Not all minds that wander are lost: A neurocognitive test of mind-wandering state’s contribution to human cognition. - WANDERINGMINDS - - H20202015-12-01 - 2020-05-31 - 646927 - VALID, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of psychiatry-King‘s College London, Berlin School of Mind and Brain [Berlin], Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University [Cambridge], Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics [Aachen], Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Institut d'Imagerie BioMédicale (I2BM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, The University of Western Ontario, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), The Rockefeller University, Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Equipe Impact, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, ANIMAGE, Rhône-Alpes Genopole, Université de Lorraine (UL), Princeton Neuroscience Institute [Princeton], Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Stockholm University, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University-McGill University, Hôpital du Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Princeton University, Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut cellule souche et cerveau / Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute (SBRI), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McGovern Institute for Brain Research [Cambridge], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN - FMRIB), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics [Houston], Rice University [Houston], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), and Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, England
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Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,050105 experimental psychology ,Task (project management) ,Visual processing ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Task-positive network ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Default mode network ,Brain Mapping ,Working memory ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Flexibility (personality) ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Memory, Short-Term ,Visual cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
International audience; Cognition is dynamic, allowing us the flexibility to shift focus from different aspects of the environment, or between internally- and externally-oriented trains of thought. Although we understand how individuals switch attention across different tasks, the neurocognitive processes that underpin the dynamics of less constrained elements of cognition are less well understood. To explore this issue, we developed a paradigm in which participants intermittently responded to external events across two conditions that systematically vary in their need for updating working memory based on information in the external environment. This paradigm distinguishes the influences on cognition that emerge because of demands placed by the task (sustained) from changes that result from the time elapsed since the last task response (transient). We used experience sampling to identify dynamic changes in ongoing cognition in this paradigm, and related between subject variation in these measures to variations in the intrinsic organisation of large-scale brain networks. We found systems important for attention were involved in the regulation of off-task thought. Coupling between the ventral attention network and regions of primary motor cortex was stronger for individuals who were able to regulate off-task thought in line with the demands of the task. This pattern of coupling was linked to greater task-related thought when environmental demands were high and elevated off-task thought when demands were low. In contrast, the coupling of the dorsal attention network with a region of lateral visual cortex was stronger for individuals for whom off-task thoughts transiently increased with the time since responding to the external world increased. This pattern is consistent with a role for this system in the time-limited top-down biasing of visual processing to increase behavioural efficiency. Unlike the attention networks, coupling between regions of the default mode network and dorsal occipital cortex was weaker for individuals for whom the level of detail decreased with the passage of time when the external task did not require continuous monitoring of external information. These data provide novel evidence for how neural systems vary across subjects and may be underpin individual variation in the dynamics of thought, linking attention systems to the maintenance of task-relevant information, and the default mode network to supporting experiences with vivid detail.
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- 2019
33. Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm involving the vertebral artery: A modified effective technique using a gelatin sponge with a FuAiLe medical adhesive.
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Xue, Fei, Shen, Zhaoli, Wang, Yuhai, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Yin, Jia
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VERTEBRAL artery ,GELATIN ,SPASMS ,SURGICAL decompression ,FACIAL dyskinesias ,ADHESIVES - Abstract
However, in clinical practice, because of the anatomical location of the VA, which is close to the REZ of the facial nerve, the VA is one of the most common OVs of HFS. Keywords: gelatin; microvascular; vertebral EN gelatin microvascular vertebral 857 861 5 06/14/21 20210701 NES 210701 Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm Involving the Vertebral Artery (VA): A Modified Effective Technique Using a Gelatin Sponge with a FuAiLe Medical Adhesive. After transferring the VA from the REZ of the facial nerve, a FAL-absorbed gelatin sponge was placed between the dura and the VA, and then, pressure was administered for several seconds. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2021
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34. Temporal-order iconicity bias in narrative event understanding and memory.
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Xu, Xinming and Kwok, Sze Chai
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MEMORY , *PRIOR learning , *COMPREHENSION - Abstract
Incongruence between the narrated (encoded) order and the actual chronological order of events is ubiquitous in various kinds of narratives and information modalities. The iconicity assumption in text comprehension proposes that readers will by default assume the chronological order to match the narrated order. However, it is not clear whether this iconicity assumption would directly bias inferred chronology of events and memory of their narrated order. In the current study, using non-linearly narrated video narratives as encoding materials, we dissociated the narrated order and the underlying chronological order of events. In Experiment 1, we found that participants' judgments of the chronological order of events were biased by the narrated order, but not vice versa. In Experiment 2, when the chronological positions of events were provided during encoding, participants' judgments of the chronological order were not biased by the narrated order, rather, their memory of the narrated order of events was biased by the chronological order. Interpreting the bias under a descriptive Bayesian framework, we offer a new perspective on the role of the iconicity assumption as prior belief, apart from prior knowledge about event sequences, in event understanding as well as memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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35. Overconfidence in false autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia
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Berna, Fabrice, Zou, Futing, Danion, Jean-Marie, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- 2019
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36. Fornix transection selectively impairs fast learning of conditional visuospatial discriminations.
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Buckley, Mark J.
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As the fornix has previously been implicated in the rapid learning of associations, we hypothesized that fornix transection in macaques would selectively impair the acquisition of rapidly learned conditional visuospatial discrimination problems. Macaque monkeys learned, postoperatively, three sets of concurrent problems of increasing sizes containing 8, 32, and 64 problems, respectively. Each problem consisted of four identical visual stimuli and animals had to learn which stimulus position was rewarded. The lesioned animals made significantly more errors-to-criterion on the smallest set of problems, consistent with the idea that the most rapidly acquired sets would be more vulnerable to fornical damage. Moreover, during the early stages of acquisition across all three sets, fornix transection selectively impeded monkeys' abilities to eliminate nonperseverative errors in correction trials, consistent with an inability to monitor or correct erroneous spatial responses made further back in time than the last trial. Both one-trial learning and an errorless learning (facilitation of performance) were observed in control and fornix lesioned animals but neither were fornix-dependent and overcoming the deleterious effect upon subsequent learning of having made prior errors was also unaffected by fornix transection. The data indicate that the fornix is not important for all forms of new learning; rather it is selectively concerned with the relatively rapid acquisition of spatial and temporal relationships between stimuli and responses. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. This article was published online on 27 May 2009. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 11 June 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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37. Fornix transection impairs exploration but not locomotion in ambulatory macaque monkeys.
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Buckley, Mark J.
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Prompted by the theoretical prediction that damage to the hippocampal system should abolish exploratory behavior, the present study examined exploratory movements in control monkeys (CON) and monkeys with transection of the fornix (FNX), a major input/output pathway of the hippocampus. CON and FNX monkeys were introduced to a novel octagonal chamber for six daily sessions, each lasting 20 min. Both groups visited, punctuated by stops, the majority of the floor space of the environment in each of the sessions. The exploratory movements of CON and FNX groups were not significantly different on most of the measures taken over six consecutive days. These measures included cumulative distance traveled, number and duration of stops, traveling patterns, and proportion of time spent in each of 12 designated zones of floor space. The high degree of similarity in behavior between CON and FNX groups suggests that an intact hippocampal system is not necessary for the display of normal exploratory movement per se. On the other hand, the CON and FNX groups did behave differently on two measures. First, the CON group exhibited a decrement in distance traversed over consecutive epochs within the first test session, whereas FNX animals did not. Second, on those days in which the chamber was made visually asymmetrical, the CON animals tended to show a predilection for spending proportionally more time within one particular quadrant of the chamber. These observations are consistent with the idea that interrupting normal hippocampal system function by means of fornix transection is detrimental to learning about the spatial layout of environments. We therefore suggest that while monkeys with fornix transection still display intact locomotor and exploratory behavior patterns, their new learning of visuospatial context is impaired. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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38. Exogenous features versus prior experiences modulate different subregions of the right IPL during episodic memory retrieval.
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Macaluso, Emiliano
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FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *SUPRASYLVIAN gyrus , *TEMPORAL lobe , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
The fractionation view holds that distinct cognitive operations are mediated by subregions of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Within IPL, we hypothesised that retrieval-related activity in different parts of the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) may be modulated differentially by information acquired via different combinations of attention signals at encoding. We had two groups of participants watch a 42-min TV episode and, after a 24-hr delay, perform a temporal-order judgment task during fMRI. Each retrieval trial comprised three images presented sequentially, requiring participants to judge the temporal order between the first and last images while ignoring the second image ('distractor'). We manipulated the bottom-up factor by presenting distractors that were extracted from either an event-boundary or a non-boundary of the movie. The top-down factor was manipulated by instructing one group perform a segmentation task reporting the event-boundaries at encoding, while the other group watched the movie passively. Across groups, we found that the stimulus-related factor modulated retrieval activation in the anterior rSMG (areas PFt and PFop), whereas the goal-related influence of prior segmentation interacted with this effect in the middle rSMG (area PF), demonstrating IPL segregation during retrieval as a function of prior bottom-up vs. top-down attention signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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39. Corrigendum to “Fornix transected macaques make fewer perseverative errors than controls during the early stages of learning conditional visuovisual discriminations” [Behav. Brain Res. 205 (1) (2009) 207–213]
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Kwok, Sze Chai and Buckley, Mark J.
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- 2010
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40. The Confidence Database
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Alan L. F. Lee, Polina Arbuzova, Torin K. Clark, Nadia Haddara, Damian P. Birney, Tricia X. F. Seow, Gerit Pfuhl, Tzu Yu Hsu, Caroline Peters, Jason Samaha, Maxine T. Sherman, David Soto, Maël Lebreton, Michael Pereira, Manuel Rausch, Ji Won Bang, Fuat Balcı, Gabriel Weindel, Karolina M. Lempert, Sabina Gherman, Antonio Martin, Denis O'Hora, Ariel Zylberberg, Başak Akdoğan, Peter D. Kvam, Matt Jaquiery, Gabriel Reyes, Eleanor R. Palser, Marcin Koculak, Audrey Mazancieux, Joshua Calder-Travis, Jeroen J.A. van Boxtel, Andrey Chetverikov, Yalçın Akın Duyan, Chen Song, Liang Luo, Borysław Paulewicz, Medha Shekhar, Vincent de Gardelle, Saeedeh Sadeghi, Kit S. Double, Karen Davranche, Christina Koß, Nathan Faivre, Troy C. Dildine, Sze Chai Kwok, Marios G. Philiastides, Indrit Bègue, Marion Rouault, Kobe Desender, Marta Siedlecka, Zuzanna Skóra, Lauren Y. Atlas, Fernanda Prieto, Xinming Xu, Justin Kantner, Jiwon Yeon, Brian Maniscalco, David Aguilar-Lleyda, Futing Zou, Timothy F. Brady, Xiao Hu, Mahiko Konishi, Julian Matthews, Sai Sun, Sébastien Massoni, William T. Adler, Shuo Wang, Rachel N. Denison, Samuel Recht, Jérôme Sackur, Thibault Gajdos, Kaitlyn Fallow, Michał Wierzchoń, Daniel M. Merfeld, Chien Ming Lo, Elisa Filevich, Iñaki Iturrate, Marine Hainguerlot, Christoph T. Weidemann, Qun Ye, Regan M. Gallagher, Dobromir Rahnev, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Lingnan Normal University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University [New York], Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience [Berlin], Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Department of Psychology (University of California San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Department of Education, University of Oxford, Applied Economics, Cognitive Psychology, Koç University, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Experimental & Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUPSY), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Capital Normal University [Beijing], California State University [Northridge] (CSUN), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Swiss Center for Affective Science, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing (ENCICABEQ), Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, University College of London [London] (UCL), SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Partenaires INRAE, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Glasgow, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Universidad del Desarrollo, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (KU), Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs (LSP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Cornell University [New York], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Trinity College Dublin, Sackler Ctr Consciousness Sci, Brighton, E Sussex, University of Sussex, Cardiff University, Basque Ctr Cognit Brain & Language, San Sebastian, Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CALTECH, Div Computat & Neural Syst, Pasadena, Monash University [Melbourne], University of Canberra, West Virginia University [Morgantown], Swansea University, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), University of Rochester [USA], The organization of the Confidence Database was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under award number R56MH119189 to D.R., ANR-16-CE28-0002,ImpactMeta,impact de la métacognition sur le comportement(2016), ANR-16-ASTR-0014,MetaStress,Impact du stress sur la décision et la métacognition: applications en aéronautique(2016), Balcı, Fuat (ORCID 0000-0003-3390-9352 & YÖK ID 51269), Duyan, Yalçın Akın, Kvam, Peter D., Rahnev, Dobromir, Desender, Kobe, Lee, Alan L. F., Adler, William T., Aguilar-Lleyda, David, Akdoğan, Başak, Arbuzova, Polina, Atlas, Lauren Y., Bang, Ji Won, Bègue, Indrit, Birney, Damian P, Brady, Timothy F., Calder-Travis, Joshua, Chetverikov, Andrey, Clark, Torin K., Davranche, Karen, Denison, Rachel N., Dildine, Troy C., Double, Kit S., Faivre, Nathan, Fallow, Kaitlyn, Filevich, Elisa, Gajdos, Thibault, Gallagher, Regan M., de Gardelle, Vincent, Gherman, Sabina, Haddara, Nadia, Hainguerlot, Marine, Hsu, Tzu-Yu, Hu, Xiao, Iturrate, Iñaki, Jaquiery, Matt, Kantner, Justin, Koculak, Marcin, Konishi, Mahiko, Koß, Christina, Kwok, Sze Chai, Lebreton, Maël, Lempert, Karolina M., Ming Lo, Chien, Luo, Liang, Maniscalco, Brian, Martin, Antonio, Massoni, Sébastien, Matthews, Julian, Mazancieux, Audrey, Merfeld, Daniel M., O’Hora, Denis, Palser, Eleanor R., Paulewicz, Borysław, Pereira, Michael, Peters, Caroline, Philiastides, Marios G., Pfuhl, Gerit, Prieto, Fernanda, Rausch, Manuel, Recht, Samuel, Reyes, Gabriel, Rouault, Marion, Sackur, Jérôme, Sadeghi, Saeedeh, Samaha, Jason, Seow, Tricia X. F., Shekhar, Medha, Sherman, Maxine T., Siedlecka, Marta, Skóra, Zuzanna, Song, Chen, Soto, David, Sun, Sai, van Boxtel, Jeroen J. A., Wang, Shuo, Weidemann, Christoph T., Weindel, Gabriel, Wierzchoń, Michał, Xu, Xinming, Ye, Qun, Yeon, Jiwon, Zou, Futing, Zylberberg, Ariel, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, PSL Univ, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Syst Percetifs, Dept Etud Cognit,CNRS, PSL Univ, Ecole Normale Super, INSERM, Dept Etud Cognit,CNRS,EHESS, École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Department of Psychology [Univ California San Diego] (Psycho - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of Colorado [Boulder], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Pennsylvania, AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), and Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science
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Databases, Factual ,SIGNAL-DETECTION ,Computer science ,Datasets as Topic ,Social Sciences ,Confidence ,INSIGHT ,computer.software_genre ,Signal-detection ,Choice ,Availability ,Recognition ,Insight ,Choice Behavior ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,ddc:616.89 ,Mental Processes ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software ,insight ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Psychology ,choice ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,Thesaurus (information retrieval) ,Psychology, Biological ,Database ,Psychology, Experimental ,Cognition ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,16. Peace & justice ,CHOICE ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,ddc:128.37 ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Psykologi: 260 ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,recognition ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Adult ,Psychometrics ,Social Psychology ,VDP::Social science: 200::Psychology: 260 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,availability ,MEDLINE ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Article ,Databases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Perception ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Set (psychology) ,Factual ,030304 developmental biology ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Extramural ,AVAILABILITY ,Neurosciences ,RECOGNITION ,signal-detection ,Psychology, biological ,Multidisciplinary sciences ,Psychology, experimental ,ddc:616.8 ,Study ,Neurosciences & Neurology ,Metacognition ,business ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at ) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects., NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
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- 2020
41. Fallacious reversal of event-order during recall reveals memory reconstruction in rhesus monkeys.
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Wang, Lei, Zuo, Shuzhen, Cai, Yudian, Zhang, Boqiang, Wang, Huimin, Zhou, Yong-di, and Kwok, Sze Chai
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- *
RHESUS monkeys , *WILDLIFE films , *MEMORY , *MONKEYS , *ERROR rates - Abstract
Whether nonhuman primate species can construct, still less reconstruct, order of past events remains controversial. Here we show that rhesus macaques are capable of reconstructing the temporal order of memory traces of dynamic videos. We made use of 2000 unseen naturalistic videos of wildlife content for encoding, and then probed monkeys' recollection of temporal-order of events with a temporal-order judgement (TOJ) test. This encoding-TOJ procedure was repeated at three different time points (day 1, day 2, and day 32+). We specifically tested for differential TOJ memory performance for videos that were displayed in a reverse sequence versus videos that were displayed in a normal sequence at these different time points. We observed that during TOJ monkeys committed more errors for video content that were shown in reverse but only upon re-exposures (i.e., day 2 and day 32+). Moreover, this memory distortion effect is significantly accentuated by social relevance of the video content. We interpret that the monkeys reversed the out-of-order events in accordance to their knowledge priors; such fallaciously re-ordered memory traces then led to higher rate of errors. Demonstrating in macaque monkeys a form of errors in temporal-order memory for reverse videos carries implications for studying memory retrospection in the primates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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42. Effects of musical expertise on line section and line extension.
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Pei Y, Xu Z, He Y, Liu X, Bai Y, Kwok SC, Li X, and Wang Z
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Background: This study investigated whether music training led to better length estimation and/or rightward bias by comparing the performance of musicians (pianists) and non-musicians on performance of line sections and line extensions., Methods: One hundred and sixteen participants, among them 62 musicians and 54 non-musicians, participated in the present study, completed line section and line extension task under three conditions: 1/2, 1/3 and 2/3., Results: The mixed repeated measures ANOVA analysis revealed a significant group × condition interaction, that the musicians were more accurate than non-musicians in all the line section tasks and showed no obvious pseudoneglect, while their overall performance on the line extension tasks was comparable to the non-musicians, and only performed more accurately in the 1/2 line extension condition., Conclusion: These findings indicated that there was a dissociation between the effects of music training on line section and line extension. This dissociation does not support the view that music training has a general beneficial effect on line estimation, and provides insight into a potentially important limit on the effects of music training on spatial cognition., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Pei, Xu, He, Liu, Bai, Kwok, Li and Wang.)
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- 2024
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43. Mixed Selectivity Coding of Content-Temporal Detail by Dorsomedial Posterior Parietal Neurons.
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Wang L, Zhou X, Zeng F, Cao M, Zuo S, Yang J, Kusunoki M, Wang H, Zhou YD, Chen A, and Kwok SC
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- Animals, Male, Macaca mulatta, Cognition, Parietal Lobe physiology, Neurons physiology, Saccades
- Abstract
The dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex (dmPPC) is part of a higher-cognition network implicated in elaborate processes underpinning memory formation, recollection, episode reconstruction, and temporal information processing. Neural coding for complex episodic processing is however under-documented. Here, we recorded extracellular neural activities from three male rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) and revealed a set of neural codes of "neuroethogram" in the primate parietal cortex. Analyzing neural responses in macaque dmPPC to naturalistic videos, we discovered several groups of neurons that are sensitive to different categories of ethogram items, low-level sensory features, and saccadic eye movement. We also discovered that the processing of category and feature information by these neurons is sustained by the accumulation of temporal information over a long timescale of up to 30 s, corroborating its reported long temporal receptive windows. We performed an additional behavioral experiment with additional two male rhesus macaques and found that saccade-related activities could not account for the mixed neuronal responses elicited by the video stimuli. We further observed monkeys' scan paths and gaze consistency are modulated by video content. Taken altogether, these neural findings explain how dmPPC weaves fabrics of ongoing experiences together in real time. The high dimensionality of neural representations should motivate us to shift the focus of attention from pure selectivity neurons to mixed selectivity neurons, especially in increasingly complex naturalistic task designs., (Copyright © 2024 the authors.)
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- 2024
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44. Delayed pain relief in patients with trigeminal neuralgia following microvascular decompression: A single-central retrospective study.
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Zhang Z, Wang F, Yu F, Kwok SC, and Yin J
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Background: Compared to hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression (MVD), delayed relief (DR) rarely occurs in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TGN)., Objective: To analyze the characteristics of post-MVD DR in TGN patients to provide useful clues for the clinical differential diagnosis of postoperative DR., Methods: The clinical data of all patients with TGN who underwent MVD in our center from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, were reviewed retrospectively., Results: In 272 TGN MVD patients, DR occurred in nine patients (3.3%) during the follow-up periods of 1-6 years. During surgery, all nine DR-TGN patients were identified as having neurovascular conflicts (NVCs), involving the offending artery (OA) in eight patients (two OAs in two patients) and both an artery and a vein in the other patient. The compression site was near the root entry zone (REZ) in most DR patients (7/9). Delayed relief was relieved in seven patients within 5 days after surgery and within 30 days in the other two patients. No recurrence or serious complications were observed within the mean 4 (1-6)-year follow-up duration., Conclusion: Delayed relief rarely occurs in TGN patients after MVD. Neurovascular conflicts located at the REZ and NVC of grade III may be two important factors contributing to DR in TGN patients. Delayed relief may occur when the pain gradually improves after the operation and responds effectively to a small dose of carbamazepine. The recurrence rate of TGN seems even lower in such patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Wang, Yu, Kwok and Yin.)
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- 2022
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45. Strategies for intraoperative management of the trigeminal nerve and long-term follow-up outcomes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to an intracranial epidermoid cyst.
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Yu F, Kwok SC, Wang Y, and Yin J
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Background: Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are one of the most common causes of secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). However, most previous studies have primarily focused on whether complete tumor resection was achieved, and few studies have discussed the primary goal of pain relief., Objective: The present study provides intraoperative strategies for trigeminal nerve (TN) management in patients with TGN secondary to an EC and observed long-term follow-up outcomes., Methods: A total of 69 patients with TGN secondary to an EC at our hospitals were included (January 2011-June 2021). The same surgical team performed all surgeries using a retrosigmoid approach. After EC removal, different methods for TN management were used, including microvascular decompression (MVD), sharp capsulectomy, nerve combing and embedded cholesterol crystal excision. The epidemiological, clinical, and surgical data were extracted., Results: The total EC removal rate was 92.8% (64/69). All patients achieved initial pain relief postoperatively, and 12 patients (17.4%) experienced varying degrees of hemifacial hypesthesia, which was relieved within 3-6 months. Three patients (4.3%) reported partial pain recurrence within a median follow-up period of 5.5 (0.5-10.5) years, which was relieved completely after low-dose carbamazepine administration., Conclusion: The primary goal of surgical tumor removal for patients with TGN secondary to an EC is relief of the main symptom of tormenting pain. The selection of an appropriate strategy for TN, including MVD, sharp capsulectomy, nerve combing or embedded cholesterol crystal excision, should depend on the patient's situation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Zhang, Yu, Yu, Kwok, Wang and Yin.)
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- 2022
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46. Treatment Strategies for Different Types of Intraneural Offending Vessels in Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia: An Analytic Report of 58 Cases.
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Shen Z, Yu F, Xue F, Wang Y, Kwok SC, and Yin J
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- Humans, Pain surgery, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Microvascular Decompression Surgery adverse effects, Trigeminal Neuralgia etiology
- Abstract
Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery is the treatment of choice for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). However, decompression becomes difficult when the offending vessel penetrates the trigeminal nerve root., Objective: To estimate the rates and patterns of different types of intraneural offending vessels in patients with TGN for MVD and to discuss respective management strategies., Methods: All patients with TGN undergoing MVD in our center from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. The intraneural offending vessels included veins and arteries. The postoperative pain relief rate, complications, and recurrences were evaluated., Results: Of the 302 TGN cases, the intraneural offending vessels were identified in 58 of the cases (19.2%). The 9 cases (15.5%) of intraneural offending arteries were decompressed using shredded Teflon wrapping interposition. Of the 49 cases (84.5%) of intraneural offending veins (INOVs), 29 were not considered true offending vessels, and the treatment only addressed the offending artery in these patients. Of the remaining 20 INOVs, 15 were electrocoagulated and divided, and 5 were decompressed with shredded Teflon. Complete pain relief was achieved in all 58 patients. However, the pain recurred in 5 patients (8.6%), and transient hemifacial numbness occurred in 4 patients (6.9%)., Conclusion: Intraneural offending vessels requiring treatment are uncommon and are seen in less than 1 in 10 patients undergoing MVD for TGN. For intraneural offending artery, decompression by shredded Teflon wrapping interposition is recommended. Management of the INOV depends on the individual situations, and the management includes sacrifice, wrapping decompression, or leaving them untreated., (Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2022. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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47. Atypical meta-memory evaluation strategy in schizophrenia patients.
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Gerlofs DJ, Duan W, Wang X, Yin J, Yan C, Allé MC, Berna F, Wang J, Tang Y, and Kwok SC
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Background: Previous research has reported that patients with schizophrenia would regard false memories with higher confidence, and this meta-memory deficit was suggested as a neurocognitive marker of schizophrenia. However, how schizophrenia patients determine their memory decision confidence has received scant consideration. This study, therefore, aimed to characterize the extent to which meta-memory evaluation strategy differs between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals, and how such difference contributes to the patients' meta-memory performance., Methods: 27 schizophrenia patients and 28 matched healthy controls performed a temporal-order judgement (TOJ) task, in which they judged which movie frame occurred earlier in an encoded video, and then made retrospective confidence rating. Mixed effect regression models were performed to assess the between-group metacognitive evaluation strategy difference and its relationship to clinical symptoms., Results: Compared to the control group, the patients' confidence ratings were correlated more with the recent confidence history and less with the TOJ-related evidence. The degree of dependence on recent history of confidence was negatively correlated with the severity of positive symptoms. Furthermore, by controlling for the first-order TOJ performance, we observed that the patients discriminated correct memory decisions from the incorrect ones as accurately as the controls., Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that schizophrenia patients tend to use more heuristics in making meta-memory evaluations, and such atypical strategy is related to their clinical symptoms. This study provides new insights into how schizophrenia patients perform meta-memory processes. Future research could consider examining such metacognitive deficits in light of other cognitive domains in psychosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2021
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48. Behavioral evidence for memory replay of video episodes in the macaque.
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Zuo S, Wang L, Shin JH, Cai Y, Zhang B, Lee SW, Appiah K, Zhou YD, and Kwok SC
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- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Species Specificity, Video Recording, Young Adult, Macaca mulatta psychology, Mental Recall physiology
- Abstract
Humans recall the past by replaying fragments of events temporally. Here, we demonstrate a similar effect in macaques. We trained six rhesus monkeys with a temporal-order judgement (TOJ) task and collected 5000 TOJ trials. In each trial, the monkeys watched a naturalistic video of about 10 s comprising two across-context clips, and after a 2 s delay, performed TOJ between two frames from the video. The data are suggestive of a non-linear, time-compressed forward memory replay mechanism in the macaque. In contrast with humans, such compression of replay is, however, not sophisticated enough to allow these monkeys to skip over irrelevant information by compressing the encoded video globally. We also reveal that the monkeys detect event contextual boundaries, and that such detection facilitates recall by increasing the rate of information accumulation. Demonstration of a time-compressed, forward replay-like pattern in the macaque provides insights into the evolution of episodic memory in our lineage., Competing Interests: SZ, LW, JS, YC, BZ, SL, KA, YZ, SK No competing interests declared, (© 2020, Zuo et al.)
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- 2020
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49. Context-Dependent Coding of Temporal Distance Between Cinematic Events in the Human Precuneus.
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Foudil SA, Kwok SC, and Macaluso E
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motion Pictures, Young Adult, Memory, Episodic, Parietal Lobe physiology, Time Perception physiology
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How temporal and contextual information interactively impact on behavior and brain activity during the retrieval of temporal order about naturalistic episodes remains incompletely understood. Here, we used fMRI to examine the effects of contextual signals derived from the content of the movie on the neural correlates underlying memory retrieval of temporal-order in human subjects of both sexes. By contrasting SAME versus DIFF storyline conditions during the retrieval of the temporal order of cinematic events, we found that the activation in the precuneus, as well as behavior, are significantly modulated according to storyline condition, supporting our prediction of contextual information contributing to temporal retrieval. We suggest that the precuneus engages in memory retrieval via reconstructive mechanisms, entailing search within a movie-specific, situational knowledge-structure. Furthermore, information-based analyses of multivoxel activity revealed that the precuneus also contains a context-independent linear representation of temporal distances, consistent with a chronological organization of memory traces. We thus put forward that the retrieval of the temporal-order of naturalistic events encoded in rich and dynamic contexts relies on the joint contribution of chronological and reconstructive mechanisms, both of which rely on the medioposterior parietal cortex in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Successful retrieval of episodic memory is dependent on both temporal and contextual signals. However, when contextual signals derived from multiple storylines or narratives are complex and intertwined, the behavioral and neural correlates underpinning the interplay between time and context is not completely understood. Here we characterized the activation level and multivoxel pattern of BOLD signals underlying the modulation of such contextual information during temporal order judgment in the precuneus. Our findings provide us with an elucidation of subprocesses implicating the medial parietal cortex in realizing temporal organization of episodic details., (Copyright © 2020 the authors.)
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- 2020
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50. Mnemonic Introspection in Macaques Is Dependent on Superior Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex But Not Orbitofrontal Cortex.
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Kwok SC, Cai Y, and Buckley MJ
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- Animals, Choice Behavior, Discrimination, Psychological, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata, Macaca mulatta, Male, Reaction Time, Spatial Processing, Metacognition, Prefrontal Cortex physiology
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The human PFC has been associated more with meta-perceptual as opposed to meta-memory decisions from correlational neuroimaging investigations. Recently, metacognitive abilities have also been shown to be causally dependent upon anterior and dorsal PFC in nonhuman primate lesion studies. Two studies, using postdecision wagering paradigms and reversible inactivation, challenged this meta-perceptual versus meta-memory notion and showed that dorsal and anterior prefrontal areas are associated with metamemory for experienced objects and awareness of ignorance, respectively. Causal investigations are important but scarce; nothing is known, for example, about the causal contributions of prefrontal subregions to spatial metamemory. Here, we investigated the effects of dorsal versus ventral PFC lesions on two-alternative forced-choice spatial discrimination tasks in male macaque monkeys. Importantly, we were rigorous in approach and applied three independent but complementary indices used to quantify individual animals' metacognitive ability ("Type II sensitivity") by two variants of meta-d'/d' and phi coefficient (φ). Our results were consistent across indices: while neither lesions to superior dorsolateral PFC nor orbitofrontal cortex impaired spatial recognition performance, only monkeys with superior dorsolateral PFC lesions were impaired in meta-accuracy. Together with the observation that the same orbitofrontal cortex lesioned monkeys were impaired in updating rule value in a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test analog, we therefore document a functional double-dissociation between these two PFC regions. Our study presents important causal evidence that other dimensions, namely, domain-specific processing (e.g., spatial vs nonspatial metamemory), also need considerations in understanding the functional specialization in the neural underpinnings of introspection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study demonstrates macaque monkeys' metacognitive capability of introspecting its own memory success is causally dependent on intact superior dorsolateral prefrontal cortices but not the orbitofrontal cortices. Combining neurosurgical techniques on monkeys and state-of-the-art measures of metacognition, we affirm a critical role of the PFC in supporting spatial meta-recognition memory and delineate functional specificity within PFC for distinct elements of metacognition., (Copyright © 2019 Kwok et al.)
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- 2019
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