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A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain MEP2-6T, was isolated from scab tissues of potato tubers collected from Mae Fag Mai Sub-district, San Sai District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Strain MEP2-6T is a gram-positive filamentous bacteria characterized by meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose, galactose, glucose, and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine were the major phospholipids, of which MK-9(H6) was the predominant menaquinone, whereas iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0 were the major cellular fatty acids. The genome of the strain was 10,277,369 bp in size with a G + C content of 71.7%. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic and core phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain MEP2-6T was closely related to Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis NRRL B-24131T (99.4%), A. pretoriensis DSM 44654T (99.3%), and A. eburnea GLM-1T (98.9%). Notably, strain MEP2-6T displayed 91.7%, 91.8%, and 87% ANIb and 49%, 48.8%, and 35.4% dDDH to A. lexingtonensis DSM 44653T (=NRRL B-24131T), A. eburnea GLM-1T, and A. pretoriensis DSM 44654T, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data, strain MEP2-6T could be officially assigned to a novel species within the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis solani sp. nov. has been proposed. The type of strain is MEP2-6T (=JCM 36309T = TBRC 17632T = NBRC 116395T). Amycolatopsis solani MEP2-6T was strongly proven to be a non-phytopathogen of potato scab disease because stunting of seedlings and necrotic lesions on potato tuber slices were not observed, and there were no core biosynthetic genes associated with the BGCs of phytotoxin-inducing scab lesions. Furthermore, comparative genomics can provide a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms that enable A. solani MEP2-6T to adapt to the plant endosphere. Importantly, the strain smBGCs accommodated 33 smBGCs encoded for several bioactive compounds, which could be beneficially applied in the fields of agriculture and medicine. Consequently, strain MEP2-6T is a promising candidate as a novel biocontrol agent and antibiotic producer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) originated from fermented foods, are generally known to possess the lipolytic activity which provides the desirable flavor of the products. However, the researches on their lipolytic activity are limited. Therefore, LAB with lipolytic activity derived from traditional fermented foods and plants in Thailand were isolated and identified based on the phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The isolates were identified as Lactiplantibacillus pentosus (four isolates), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (three isolates), Limosilactobacillus fermentum (four isolates), Enterococcus hirae (two isolates), and each isolate of Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum, Companilactobacillus tucceti, Companilactobacillus farciminis, Lacticaseibacillus porcinae, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Lipolytic activity of isolates was in the range of 0.16 ± 0.01-1.07 ± 0.02 U/mL. Enterococcus faecalis MP1-3 from mum displayed the highest lipolytic activity (1.07 ± 0.02 U/mL). Various inducers including tributyrin, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, and palm oil were used for lipolytic activity assay of isolate MP1-3 which cultivated in production medium at 30°C for 72 h. The greatest lipolytic activity (3.28 ± 0.22 U/mL) was found when supplemented the medium with Tween 20. The results suggest that Enterococcus faecalis MP1-3 could be chosen for further lipase purification and characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve tetracocci isolated from Thai fermented fish products (pla-ra, kung-chom and nam-pla) were screened for their lipolytic activity on agar plates. Most of them exhibited lipolytic activity on the medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) of tributyrin, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 or Tween 80. The isolates exhibited lipolytic activity ranging from 0.042±0.032 to 9.548±0.969 Units•mL-1 and from 0.111±0.023 to 5.939±0.119 Units•mL-1 when cultivated in broth supplemented with 1% (v/v) Tween 20 and Tween 80, respectively. In the media containing 1% (v/v) coconut oil, lard or palm oil, the lypolytic activity was 0.042±0.032 to 9.548±0.969 Units•mL-1, 0.548±0.009 to 6.00±0.136 Units•mL-1 and 0.83 ±0.020 to 5.25±0.030 Units•mL-1, respectively, when incubated at 37° Cfor 24 h. The isolates were identified as members of the genus Staphylococcus based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. They were closely related to S. nepalensis NCTC 13834T, S. condimenti DSM 11674T, S. simulans ATCC 27848T, S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus GTC 1228T, S. edaphicus P5085T, S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305T and S. lloydii ATCC 43959T, with 99.78-100 % similarity. Isolate SPJ-1 from kung-chom, identified as S. condimenti, exhibited the highest lipolytic activity (6.287±0.159, 5.939±0.119 and 5.996±0.136 Units•mL-1) when cultivated in Tween 20, Tween 80 and lard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-three yeasts were isolated from palm oil industrial wastes and traditional fermented foods in Thailand. Based on the analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) and their phenotypic characteristics, they were identified as Pichia kudriavzevii (11 isolates), Candida ethanolica (1 isolate), Clavispora lusitaniae (2 isolates), Ogataea polymorpha (1 isolate), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (1 isolate), Lodderomyces elongisporus (1 isolate), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2 isolates), C. tropicalis (5 isolates), Yarrowia lipolytica (2 isolates), Magnusiomyces ingens (1 isolate), and Magnusiomyces capitatus (3 isolates), Trichosporon insectorum (1 isolate), and Trichosporon asteroides (2 isolates). Seven strains, T. insectorum 4E-1D, M. capitatus 5E-1T and 5E-2D, T. asteroides 8E-1T and 8E-1D, and Y. lipolytica Fy-12 and Fy-13, showed high lipolytic activity ranged from 5.21 ± 0.09 to 45.68 ± 2.37 U/mL. Moreover, these seven strains exhibited good lipolytic activity after culturing in the medium containing palm oil (11.79 ± 0.67 to 28.19 ± 4.84 U/mL) and soy oil (9.14 ± 1.08 to 22.97 ± 0.69 U/mL) as lipase inducers. The result of this study suggests that the palm oil industrial wastes and Thai fermented foods could be promised as the invaluable sources of lipolytic yeasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate the cultivable actinobacteria associated with bryophytes and their plant growth promoting ability. Thirteen actinobacteria were isolated and tested for their ability to promote growth of plant in vitro and in planta. All isolates were able to produce IAA and siderophores. Six isolates were identified as members of the genus Micromonospora. Five isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces and one each of Microbispora and Mycobacterium. Micromonospora sp. CMU55-4 was inoculated to rare moss [ Physcomitrium sphaericum (C. Ludw.) Fürnr.] and could increase the amount of carotenoid, fresh weight, and dry weight of this moss. In addition, this strain promoted capsule production, and rescued P. sphaericum 's gametophytes during acclimatization to land. Strain CMU55-4 was identified as Micromonospora chalcea based on whole genome sequence analysis. Its plant growth promoting potential was further characterized through genome mining. The draft genome size was 6.6 Mb (73% GC). The genome contained 5,933 coding sequences. Functional annotation predicted encoded genes essential for siderophore production, phosphate solubilization that enable bacteria to survive under nutrient limited environment. Glycine-betaine accumulation and trehalose biosynthesis also aid plants under drought stress. M. chalcea CMU55-4 also exhibited genes for various carbohydrate metabolic pathways indicating those for efficient utilization of carbohydrates inside plant cells. Additionally, predictive genes for heat shock proteins, cold shock proteins, and oxidative stress such as glutathione biosynthesis were identified. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bryophytes harbor plant growth promoting actinobacteria. A representative isolate, M. chalcea CMU55-4 promotes the growth of P. sphaericum moss and contains protein coding sequences related to plant growth promoting activities in its genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumichrome, a major derivative of riboflavin, may exhibit pharmacological activity against cancer cells. Riboflavin is a vitamin found in food, however, certain evidence has suggested its possible potentiating effects on cancer progression. Here, we have shown for the first time that unlike riboflavin, lumichrome can suppress lung cancer cell growth and reduce survival in both normal and anchorage-independent conditions. In addition, lumichrome induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via a p53-dependent mitochondrial mechanism with substantial selectivity, shown by its lesser toxicity to the normal primary dermal papilla cells. The potency of lumichrome in killing lung cancer cells was found to be comparable to that of cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug for lung cancer treatment. With regard to the mechanism, lumichrome significantly upregulated p53 and decreased its downstream target BCL-2. Such a shift of BCL-2 family protein balance further activated caspase-9 and -3 and finally executed apoptosis. Furthermore, lumichrome potentially suppressed cancer stem cells (CSCs) in lung cancer by dramatically suppressing CSC markers together with the CSC-maintaining cell signaling namely protein kinase B (AKT) and β-catenin. To conclude, the present study has unraveled a novel role and mechanism of lumichrome against lung cancer that may benefit the development of the compound for management of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strains DS1-2T and AZ1-7, which were isolated from roots of plants, were taxonomically characterized based on polyphasic taxonomic and taxogenomic approaches. Both strains were Gram-stain-positive and filamentous bacteria which contained LL-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and glucose and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. MK-9(H 6), MK-10(H 6), MK-9(H 8), MK-10(H 8) and MK-10(H 4) were major menaquinones; iso -C 16:0 and iso -C 16:1 G were predominant cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside presented as major phospholipids; and the DNA G+C contents of 73.2 mol%. Strains DS1-2T and AZ1-7 showed 97.6–98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 81.0–82.0 % ANIb, 84.8–85.3 % ANIm and 22.0–23.1 % digital DDH to their related type strains: S. specialis GW41-1564T and S. hoynatensis S1412T. Comparative genomics results of these strains and their related type strains also revealed the differences and distributions of key genes associated with stress responses, environmental variables, plant interactions and bioactive metabolites. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, strains DS1-2T and AZ1-7 could be assigned to the novel species within the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces radicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS1-2T (=JCM 32152T =KCTC 39738T =TISTR 2403T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel actinobacterial strains, MS1-9T and NGC1-4, were isolated from roots of Musa (ABB) cv. 'Kluai Namwa', collected from Chachoengsao province, and Musa (ABB) cv. 'Kluai Chang', from Suphan Buri province, Thailand, respectively. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene (98.0 to 98.9% similarity), gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene and whole-genome sequences emphasised that the strains MS1-9T and NGC1-4 showed closely related with Micromonospora peucetia DSM 43363T, M. krabiensis JCM 12869T and M. avicenniae DSM 45758T, respectively. Strains MS1-9T and NGC1-4 contained meso -diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were glucose, xylose, mannose, and ribose. The acyl type of peptidoglycan was glycolyl. MK-10(H 6), MK-9(H 6), and MK-10(H 8) were presented as the major menaquinones. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol were detected as predominant phospholipid profiles. The major cellular fatty acids consisted of iso -C 15:0 , anteiso -C 15:0 , anteiso -C 17:0 , iso -C 17:0 and C 17:0. The DNA G + C content of strains MS1-9T and NGC1-4 were 72.2 and 72.3 mol%, respectively. Draft genome sequences indicated by ANI values and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation analysis asserted that the strains MS1-9T and NGC1-4 should be represented as a novel species within the genus Micromonospora for which the name Micromonospora musae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MS1-9T (=JCM 32149T = TISTR 2659T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain MEP2-6 T , was isolated from scab tissues of potato tubers collected from Mae Fag Mai Sub-district, San Sai District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Strain MEP2-6 T is a gram-positive filamentous bacteria characterized by meso -diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose, galactose, glucose, and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine were the major phospholipids, of which MK-9(H 6 ) was the predominant menaquinone, whereas iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 15:0 were the major cellular fatty acids. The genome of the strain was 10,277,369 bp in size with a G + C content of 71.7%. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic and core phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain MEP2-6 T was closely related to Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis NRRL B-24131 T (99.4%), A. pretoriensis DSM 44654 T (99.3%), and A. eburnea GLM-1 T (98.9%). Notably, strain MEP2-6 T displayed 91.7%, 91.8%, and 87% ANIb and 49%, 48.8%, and 35.4% dDDH to A. lexingtonensis DSM 44653 T (=NRRL B-24131 T ), A. eburnea GLM-1 T , and A. pretoriensis DSM 44654 T , respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data, strain MEP2-6 T could be officially assigned to a novel species within the genus Amycolatopsis , for which the name Amycolatopsis solani sp. nov. has been proposed. The type of strain is MEP2-6 T (=JCM 36309 T = TBRC 17632 T = NBRC 116395 T ). Amycolatopsis solani MEP2-6 T was strongly proven to be a non-phytopathogen of potato scab disease because stunting of seedlings and necrotic lesions on potato tuber slices were not observed, and there were no core biosynthetic genes associated with the BGCs of phytotoxin-inducing scab lesions. Furthermore, comparative genomics can provide a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms that enable A. solani MEP2-6 T to adapt to the plant endosphere. Importantly, the strain smBGCs accommodated 33 smBGCs encoded for several bioactive compounds, which could be beneficially applied in the fields of agriculture and medicine. Consequently, strain MEP2-6 T is a promising candidate as a novel biocontrol agent and antibiotic producer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wannawong, Mhuantong, Macharoen, Niemhom, Sitdhipol, Chaiyawan, Umrung, Tanasupawat, Suwannarach, Asami and Kuncharoen.)

Two strains of moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-positive and spore-forming rods, designated as SKP4-8 T and SKP8-2 T isolated from shrimp paste (Ka-pi), were taxonomic studied based on polyphasic approach. Strain SKP4-8 T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0), at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in 1-16% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5-10%). Strain SKP8-2 T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 8.0), at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in 0-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-10%). The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major menaquinone was MK-7. Strain SKP4-8 T contained iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 17:0 ; and strain SKP8-2 T contained anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and antesio-C 17:0 as major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipids and an unknown glycolipid were detected as major polar lipids. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains SKP4-8 T and SKP8-2 T belonged to the genus Allobacillus and were closely related to Allobacillus halotolerans LMG 24826 T with 98.8% and 99.3% similarity, respectively. The comparative genome analysis based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that both strains showed the values below 95 and 70%, from each other and from Allobacillus halotolerans LMG 24826 T , respectively. Based on the data from this polyphasic study, strains SKP4-8 T and SKP8-2 T represent novel species of the genus Allobacillus and the name Allobacillus salarius sp. nov. was proposed for SKP4-8 T (= KCTC 33905 T  = LMG 30016 T  = TISTR 2499 T ); and Allobacillus saliphilus sp. nov. for SKP8-2 T (= KCTC 33906 T  = LMG 29682 T  = TISTR 2558 T )., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic strain SKP4-6 T , was isolated from shrimp paste ( Ka-pi ) collected from Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SKP4-6 T belonged to the genus Halobacillus and was most closely related to Halobacillus salinus JCM 11546 T (98.6 %), Halobacillus locisalis KCTC 3788 T (98.6 %) and Halobacillus yeomjeoni KCTC 3957 T (98.6 %) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain SKP4-6 T and its related species were 18.2-19.3 % and 69.84-84.51 %, respectively, which were lower than the threshold recommended for species delineation. The strain grew optimally at 30-40 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 10-15 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained l-Orn-d-Asp in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 . The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were present as major polar lipids. Based on this polyphasic approach, digital DNA-DNA relatedness and ANI values, strain SKP4-6 T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus , for which the name Halobacillus fulvus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SKP4-6 T (=JCM 32624 T =TISTR 2595 T ).

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian sympathetic nervous system and has other health benefits. Molecular characterization, genome analysis, and optimization were investigated to improve GABA production of a selected strain of lactic acid bacteria. Eleven isolates from plant materials were screened for GABA productivity and were identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The most potent strain was chosen for genome analysis and GABA production optimization using the response surface methodology (RSM). Each of the two strains was closely related to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Weissella cibaria, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides while each strain was similar to Lactobacillus pentosus, Enterococcus lactis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. They produced GABA ranging from 0.036 ± 0.000 to 17.315 ± 0.171 g/L at 72 h-cultivation. Among them, the most potent strain, SL9-6, showed the highest GABA production (17.315 g/L) when cultivated with 10% (v/v) inoculum for 48 h. The draft genome sequence of strain SL9-6 exhibited 96.90% average nucleotide identity value and 74.50% digital DNA-DNA hybridization to Lactobacillus brevis NCTC 13768 T . This strain contained a glutamate decarboxylase gene system (gadA, gadB, and gadC). Optimal culture conditions were determined as 40.00 g/L glucose, 49.90 g/L monosodium glutamate, pH 5.94, and 31.10°C by RSM, giving maximum GABA production of 32.48 g/L. Results from RSM also indicated that monosodium glutamate concentration, pH, and temperature were significant variables. GABA production significantly improved here could promise further application of strain SL9-6.

Three novel actinomycete strains, designated as DR6-1 T , DR6-2 and DR6-4, isolated from the roots of Dendrobium heterocarpum Lindl in Thailand were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strains grew at 20-37 °C, at pH 5-10 and with 5 % (w/v) NaCl. They contained meso -diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-9(H 4 ) was a major menaquinone. Arabinose and galactose were the major sugars in the cell wall. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 . The detected polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. Strains DR6-1 T , DR6-2 and DR6-4 shared 99.9-100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and were closely related to Amycolatopsis echigonensis JCM 21831 T (98.7-98.8%). The approximate genome size of strain DR6-1 T was 9.6 Mb with a G+C content of 69.6 mol%. The ANIb and dDDH values between genomic sequences of strain DR6-1 T and Amycolatopsis echigonensis JCM21831 T , Amycolatopsis rubida JCM 10871 T and Amycolatopsis nivea KCTC 39515 T were 90.55, 92.25, 92.60%, and 47.20, 52.10 and 52.50%, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, it has been concluded that strains DR6-1 T , DR6-2 and DR6-4 represent a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis for which the name Amycolatopsis dendrobii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DR6-1 T (=JCM 33742 T =KCTC 49546 T =TISTR 2840 T ).

A novel actinomycete strain, Bv016 T , belonging to the genus Streptomyces , was isolated from the bark of tree, Bauhinia variegata Linn., collected in Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. ll-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose, ribose and galactose were detected in its whole-cell hydrolysates. The N -acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. The strain contained anteiso-C 15  :  0 , iso-C 16  :  0 , iso-C 15  :  0 and iso-C 14  :  0 as the major fatty acids and MK-9(H 8 ), MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 4 ) as the major menaquinones. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The strain was closely related to Streptomyces griseoluteus JCM 4041 T (98.4 %), Streptomyces seoulensis JCM 10116 T (98.4 %) and Streptomyces recifensis JCM 4408 T (98.2 %). The draft genome of Bv016 T was 6.74 Mb with 5949 coding sequences with an average G+C content of 71.7 mol%. The ANIb and ANIm values of strain Bv016 T were 94.1 and 95.2 %, respectively, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was 60.6 % in comparison with the draft genome of S. griseoluteus JCM 4765 T . The results of the taxonomic analysis suggested that strain Bv016 T represented a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces bauhiniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Bv016 T (=JCM 33208 T =TISTR 2645 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, SSKP1-9 T , was isolated from traditional salted shrimp paste ( Ka-pi ) produced in Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. This strain grew optimally at 37-40 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 8-16 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain SSKP1-9 T and Lentibacillus juripiscarius TISTR 1535 T and Lentibacillus halophilus TISTR 1549 T were 98.7 and 97.2 %, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain SSKP1-9 T represents a distinct novel species, as shown by phenotypic traits, DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values. In addition, the whole-cell protein profile confirmed the novelty of the taxon. The genomic DNA G + C content was 44.6 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso -diaminopimelic acid. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified lipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 . The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and whole-genome analysis support that strain SSKP1-9 T represents a novel species of Lentibacillus , for which the name Lentibacilluslipolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SSKP1-9 T (=JCM 32625 T =TISTR 2597 T ).

A novel endophytic actinomycete strain AZ1-13 T was isolated from roots of Azadirachta indica , and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain AZ1-13 T and its closest species, Jishegella zingiberis PLAI1-1 T and Micromonospora endophytica 202201 T , were 99.7 and 99.2 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the family Micromonosporaceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated strains AZ1-13 T and J. zingiberis PLAI1-1 T are located within the genus Micromonospora . The approximate genome size of the strain was 5.96 Mb with 71.9 mol% of G+C content. The strain AZ1-13 T exhibited ANIb values of 87.4 % with J. zingiberis PLAI1-1 T and 85.1 % with M. endophytica 202201 T . Chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain AZ1-13 T were consistent within the genus Micromonospora : cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain contained meso -diaminopimelic acid; glucose, mannose, ribose and xylose are presented as the whole-cell sugars; the predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H 4 ) and MK-9(H 6 ); major cellular fatty acids were iso -C 15 : 0 , 10-methyl C 17 : 0 , C 17 : 0 , anteiso -C 17 : 0 and iso -C 17 : 1 ω8 c ; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol were detected as distinguished phospholipids. Based on phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic data, the strain AZ1-13 T could be distinguished from its closest neighbours, representing a novel species of the genus Micromonospora , for which the name Micromonospora radicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AZ1-13 T (=KCTC 39786 T =NBRC 112324 T =JCM 32147 T = TISTR 2404 T ). This study also proposed that J. zingiberis is transferred to the genus Micromonospora as Micromonospora zingiberis comb. nov. (type strain PLAI1-1 T =TBRC 7644 T =NBRC 113144 T =JCM 32592 T ).

A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain WPS1-2 T , isolated from a root of Globba winitii C. H. Wright, was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Strain WPS1-2 T exhibited identical characteristics to the members of the genus Micromonospora. Single spores were observed directly on substrate mycelia. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, arabinose and xylose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H10). The major cellular fatty acids consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain, WPS1-2 T showed highest similarity to Micromonospora costi CS1-12 T (99.02 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene indicated that the strain was related to M. costi CS1-12 T . The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. The strain could be distinguished from closely related type strains by using a combination of morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical data together with DNA-DNA relatedness values. Based on these observations, strain WPS1-2 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora globbae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPS1-2 T (=KCTC 39787 T =NBRC 112325 T =TISTR 2405 T ).

Two Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains AVA-1T and AVA-2, were isolated from the root of Aloe vera (L.) Brum.f. derived from Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. The strains contained cytochrome oxidase and catalase activities. They grew in 4 % (w/v) NaCl, at a pH range of 6.0-9.0 (optimally at pH 7) and at 20-42 °C (optimally at 30-37 °C). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 cyclo. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains represent a species belonging to the genus Achromobacter and are closely related to Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126T (98.80 %), Achromobacter insolitus LMG 6003T (98.64 %), Achromobacter aminicus LMG 26690T (98.59 %), Achromobacter pulmonis LMG 26696T (98.58 %) and Achromobacter insuavis LMG 26845T (98.58 %). The DNA G+C content of strain AVA-1T was 66.5 mol%. The novel strains had low DNA-DNA relatedness values with related type strains. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic data obtained, the strains clearly represent a novel species, for which the name Achromobacter aloeverae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain AVA-1T (=LMG 29108T=NBRC 111463T=PCU 352T=TISTR 2383T).