8 results on '"Jo C. Bruusgaard"'
Search Results
2. Enhanced exercise and regenerative capacity in a mouse model that violates size constraints of oxidative muscle fibres
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Saleh Omairi, Antonios Matsakas, Hans Degens, Oliver Kretz, Kenth-Arne Hansson, Andreas Våvang Solbrå, Jo C Bruusgaard, Barbara Joch, Roberta Sartori, Natasa Giallourou, Robert Mitchell, Henry Collins-Hooper, Keith Foster, Arja Pasternack, Olli Ritvos, Marco Sandri, Vihang Narkar, Jonathan R Swann, Tobias B Huber, and Ketan Patel
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muscle ,metabolism ,stem cell ,regeneration ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A central tenet of skeletal muscle biology is the existence of an inverse relationship between the oxidative fibre capacity and its size. However, robustness of this relationship is unknown. We show that superimposition of Estrogen-related receptor gamma (Errγ) on the myostatin (Mtn) mouse null background (Mtn-/-/ErrγTg/+) results in hypertrophic muscle with a high oxidative capacity thus violating the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity. We also examined the canonical view that oxidative muscle phenotype positively correlate with Satellite cell number, the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, hypertrophic fibres from Mtn-/-/ErrγTg/+ mouse showed satellite cell deficit which unexpectedly did not affect muscle regeneration. These observations 1) challenge the concept of a constraint between fibre size and oxidative capacity and 2) indicate the important role of the microcirculation in the regenerative capacity of a muscle even when satellite cell numbers are reduced.
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- 2016
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3. Myonuclear content regulates cell size with similar scaling properties in mice and humans
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Einar Eftestøl, Alyssa W. Cramer, Douglas P. Millay, Inga Juvkam, Anders Malthe-Sørenssen, Kristian Gundersen, Jo C. Bruusgaard, and Kenth-Arne Hansson
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Cytoplasm ,Intravital Microscopy ,Multiple nuclei model ,Science ,Biopsy ,Cell ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Skeletal muscle ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Cell size ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental biology ,medicine ,Myocyte ,Animals ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Scaling ,Cell Size ,Cell Nucleus ,Syncytium ,Multidisciplinary ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,DNA ,Healthy Volunteers ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Single-Cell Analysis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Muscle fibers are the largest cells in the body, and one of its few syncytia. Individual cell sizes are variable and adaptable, but what governs cell size has been unclear. We find that muscle fibers are DNA scarce compared to other cells, and that the nuclear number (N) adheres to the relationship N = aVb where V is the cytoplasmic volume. N invariably scales sublinearly to V (b, Muscle fibers are the largest cells in the body and contain less DNA per unit volume than other cells even if they have multiple nuclei. Here, the authors show that the number of nuclei regulates the cell size with similar scaling properties in mice and humans.
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- 2020
4. Muscle memory: virtues of your youth?
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Kristian Gundersen, Mads Bengtsen, Einar Eftestøl, Ingrid M. Egner, and Jo C. Bruusgaard
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Skeletal muscle fibre ,Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ,Physiology ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,Corrections ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Virtues ,Medicine ,Humans ,Animals ,Muscle Strength ,Cell Nucleus ,Organelle Biogenesis ,business.industry ,Skeletal muscle ,Resistance Training ,Muscle memory (strength training) ,Mitochondria, Muscle ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Female ,business ,Perspectives - Abstract
Referring to the muscle memory theory, previously trained muscles acquire strength and volume much faster than naive muscles. Using extreme experimental models such as synergist ablation or steroid administration, previous studies have demonstrated that the number of nuclei increases when a muscle becomes enlarged, which serves as a cellular muscle memory mechanism for the muscle. In the present study, we found that, when rats were subjected to physiologically relevant resistance training, the number of myonuclei increased and was retained during a long-term detraining period. The acquired myonuclei were related to a greater degree of muscle hypertrophic and mitochondrial biogenesis processes following subsequent hypertrophic conditions. Our data suggest a cellular mechanism supporting the notion that exposing young muscles to resistance training would help to restore age-related muscle loss coupled with mitochondrial dysfunction in later life.Muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training is accompanied by an increase in the number of myonuclei. The acquired myonuclei are viewed as a cellular component of muscle memory by which muscle enlargement is promoted during a re-training period. In the present study, we investigated the effect of exercise preconditioning on mitochondrial remodelling induced by resistance training. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: untrained control, training, pre-training or re-training. The training groups were subjected to weight loaded-ladder climbing exercise training. Myonuclear numbers were significantly greater (up to 20%) in all trained muscles compared to untrained controls. Muscle mass was significantly higher in the re-training group compared to the training group (∼2-fold increase). Mitochondrial content, mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression levels and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were significantly higher in re-trained muscles compared to the others. Oxidative myofibres (type I) were significantly increased only in the re-trained muscles. Furthermore, in vitro studies using insulin-like growth factor-1-treated L6 rat myotubes demonstrated that myotubes with a higher myonuclear number confer greater expression levels of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes encoding for constitutive and regulatory mitochondrial proteins, which also showed a greater mitochondrial respiratory function. These data suggest that myonuclei acquired from previous training facilitate mitochondrial biogenesis in response to subsequent retraining by (at least in part) enhancing cross-talk between mitochondria and myonuclei in the pre-conditioned myofibres.
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- 2018
5. Deltamethrin resistance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer): Maternal inheritance and reduced apoptosis
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Marit Jørgensen Bakke, Jo C. Bruusgaard, Arvind Y. M. Sundaram, Tor Einar Horsberg, and Celia Agusti
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Non-Mendelian inheritance ,Insecticides ,Drug Resistance ,lcsh:Medicine ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,Arthropod Proteins ,Copepoda ,Electron Transport Complex IV ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fish Diseases ,Salmon louse ,Nitriles ,Pyrethrins ,Cytochrome c oxidase ,Animals ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Genetics ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,lcsh:R ,NADH dehydrogenase ,biology.organism_classification ,Mitochondria ,Protein Subunits ,030104 developmental biology ,Lepeophtheirus ,biology.protein ,DNA fragmentation ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,Maternal Inheritance ,Transcriptome - Abstract
Resistance towards deltamethrin (DMT) in the crustacean ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Caligidae) is a problem on fish farms lining the North Atlantic Ocean. Two Norwegian strains with different susceptibility towards DMT were crossed in the parental generation (P0), females from a sensitive strain were crossed with males from a resistant strain and vice versa. Individual susceptibility towards DMT was assessed in the second filial generation (F2). DMT resistance was only found in F2 descendants when the P0 females were from the resistant strain, pointing to maternal inheritance. Since maternal inheritance might be linked to the mitochondrial (mt) genome, the nucleotide sequences and the gene expressions of mt-genes were analysed. Twenty non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in mt-transcripts from resistant F2 parasites, including SNPs in two cytochrome C oxidase subunits (COX1 and COX3) and two subunits of the NADH dehydrogenase complex (ND1 and ND5) previously linked to DMT resistance in the salmon louse. Differential expression analysis between the sensitive and resistant strain revealed strain effect in seven out of twelve mt-genes. The current study also show that DNA fragmentation (indicating apoptosis) was affected by DMT exposure in skeletal muscle tissue and that resistant parasites undergo less apoptosis than sensitive parasites.
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- 2018
6. DNA vaccines: MHC II-targeted vaccine protein produced by transfected muscle fibres induces a local inflammatory cell infiltrate in mice
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Inger Øynebråten, Tom-Ole Løvås, Kristian Gundersen, Bjarne Bogen, and Jo C. Bruusgaard
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Mice ,Animal Cells ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Vaccines, DNA ,Public and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Science ,Immune Response ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Multidisciplinary ,Immune System Proteins ,CD11b Antigen ,biology ,Vaccination ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Naked DNA ,Cytokines ,Cellular Types ,Research Article ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Antigen-Presenting Cells ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Transfection ,Antibodies ,DNA vaccination ,Immune Activation ,Antigen ,MHC class I ,Animals ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Antibody-Producing Cells ,Inflammation ,MHC class II ,lcsh:R ,Immunity ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Development ,Molecular biology ,Eosinophils ,Immune System ,biology.protein ,Leukocyte Common Antigens ,Clinical Immunology ,Immunization ,lcsh:Q ,mCherry ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Vaccination with naked DNA holds great promise but immunogenicity needs to be improved. DNA constructs encoding bivalent proteins that bind antigen-presenting cells (APC) for delivery of antigen have been shown to enhance T and B cell responses and protection in tumour challenge experiments. However, the mechanism for the increased potency remains to be determined. Here we have constructed DNA vaccines that express the fluorescent protein mCherry, a strategy which allowed tracking of vaccine proteins. Transfected muscle fibres in mice were visualized, and their relationship to infiltrating mononuclear cells could be determined. Interestingly, muscle fibers that produced MHC class II-specific dimeric vaccine proteins with mCherry were for weeks surrounded by a localized intense cellular infiltrate composed of CD45+, MHC class II+ and CD11b+ cells. Increasing numbers of eosinophils were observed among the infiltrating cells from day 7 after immunization. The local infiltrate surrounding mCherry+ muscle fibers was dependent on the MHC II-specificity of the vaccine proteins since the control, a non-targeted vaccine protein, failed to induce similar infiltrates. Chemokines measured on day 3 in immunized muscle indicate both a DNA effect and an electroporation effect. No influence of targeting was observed. These results contribute to our understanding for why targeted DNA vaccines have an improved immunogenicity.
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- 2014
7. DNA vaccines: MHC II-targeted vaccine protein produced by transfected muscle fibres induces a local inflammatory cell infiltrate in mice.
- Author
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Tom-Ole Løvås, Jo C Bruusgaard, Inger Øynebråten, Kristian Gundersen, and Bjarne Bogen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Vaccination with naked DNA holds great promise but immunogenicity needs to be improved. DNA constructs encoding bivalent proteins that bind antigen-presenting cells (APC) for delivery of antigen have been shown to enhance T and B cell responses and protection in tumour challenge experiments. However, the mechanism for the increased potency remains to be determined. Here we have constructed DNA vaccines that express the fluorescent protein mCherry, a strategy which allowed tracking of vaccine proteins. Transfected muscle fibres in mice were visualized, and their relationship to infiltrating mononuclear cells could be determined. Interestingly, muscle fibers that produced MHC class II-specific dimeric vaccine proteins with mCherry were for weeks surrounded by a localized intense cellular infiltrate composed of CD45+, MHC class II+ and CD11b+ cells. Increasing numbers of eosinophils were observed among the infiltrating cells from day 7 after immunization. The local infiltrate surrounding mCherry+ muscle fibers was dependent on the MHC II-specificity of the vaccine proteins since the control, a non-targeted vaccine protein, failed to induce similar infiltrates. Chemokines measured on day 3 in immunized muscle indicate both a DNA effect and an electroporation effect. No influence of targeting was observed. These results contribute to our understanding for why targeted DNA vaccines have an improved immunogenicity.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Overexpression of SMPX in adult skeletal muscle does not change skeletal muscle fiber type or size.
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Einar Eftestøl, Tine Norman Alver, Kristian Gundersen, and Jo C Bruusgaard
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Mechanical factors such as stretch are thought to be important in the regulation of muscle phenotype. Small muscle protein X-linked (SMPX) is upregulated by stretch in skeletal muscle and has been suggested to serve both as a transcription factor and a mechanosensor, possibly giving rise to changes in both fiber size and fiber type. We have used in vivo confocal imaging to study the subcellular localization of SMPX in skeletal muscle fibers of adult rats using a SMPX-EGFP fusion protein. The fusion protein was localized predominantly in repetitive double stripes flanking the Z-disc, and was excluded from all nuclei. This localization would be consistent with SMPX being a mechanoreceptor, but not with SMPX playing a role as a transcription factor. In vivo overexpression of ectopic SMPX in skeletal muscle of adult mice gave no significant changes in fiber type distribution or cross sectional area, thus a role of SMPX in regulating muscle phenotype remains unclear.
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- 2014
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