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1. A decision support system coupling fuzzy logic and probabilistic graphical approaches for the agri-food industry: prediction of grape berry maturity

Author

Nathalie, Perrot, Cédric, Baudrit, Jean Marie, Brousset, Philippe, Abbal, Hervé, Guillemin, Bruno, Perret, Etienne, Goulet, Laurence, Guerin, Gérard, Barbeau, Daniel, Picque, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherches en Technologie et Analyses Laitières (URTAL), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de VINs, Innovations, Itinéraires, TERroirs et Acteurs, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Interloire, Vigne et Vin (UVV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INTERLOIRE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Fuzzy Logic, Climate Change, lcsh:R, Food Industry, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Expert Systems, Vitis, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Probability, Research Article
Abstract

Agri-food is one of the most important sectors of the industry and a major contributor to the global warming potential in Europe. Sustainability issues pose a huge challenge for this sector. In this context, a big issue is to be able to predict the multiscale dynamics of those systems using computing science. A robust predictive mathematical tool is implemented for this sector and applied to the wine industry being easily able to be generalized to other applications. Grape berry maturation relies on complex and coupled physicochemical and biochemical reactions which are climate dependent. Moreover one experiment represents one year and the climate variability could not be covered exclusively by the experiments. Consequently, harvest mostly relies on expert predictions. A big challenge for the wine industry is nevertheless to be able to anticipate the reactions for sustainability purposes. We propose to implement a decision support system so called FGRAPEDBN able to (1) capitalize the heterogeneous fragmented knowledge available including data and expertise and (2) predict the sugar (resp. the acidity) concentrations with a relevant RMSE of 7 g/l (resp. 0.44 g/l and 0.11 g/kg). FGRAPEDBN is based on a coupling between a probabilistic graphical approach and a fuzzy expert system.

Published
2015
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2. Assessing local climate vulnerability and winegrowers’ adaptive processes in the context of climate change

Author

Hervé Quénol, Gérard Barbeau, Etienne Neethling, Théo Petitjean, Vigne et Vin (UVV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), European Union, as part of the LIFE-ADVICLIM project [LIFE13 ENV/FR/001512], FranceAgriMer and InterLoire (Interprofessional body for Loire Valley wines), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Quénol, Hervé

Subjects
Canopy, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Process (engineering), [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Vulnerability, Climate change, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Environmental protection, Adaptation (computer science), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Oceanic climate, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, viticulture, Adaptation . Climate change . Contextual . Loire valley. Perceptions . Viticulture . Vulnerability, Geography, climate change, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Position (finance), business
Abstract

International audience; Adaptation to climate change is a major challenge facing the viticulture sector. Temporally, adaptation strategies and policies have to address potential impacts in both the short- and long term, whereas spatially, place-based and context-specific adaptations are essential. To help inform decision-making on climate change adaptation, this study adopted a bottom-up approach to assess local climate vulnerability and winegrowers’ adaptive processes in two regulated wine-producing areas in the Anjou-Saumur wine growing sub-region, France. The data used for this study were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 30 winegrowers. With a focus on wine quality, climate-related exposure,and sensitivity were dependent on many contextual factors (e.g., northern geographical position, wine regulatory frameworks, local environmental features) interacting with the regional oceanic climate. Climate and other non-climate-related variables brought about important changes in winegrowers’ management practices, varying in time and space. This ongoing process in decision-making enhanced winegrowers’ adaptive responses, which were primarily reactive (e.g., harvesting, winemaking) or anticipatory (e.g., canopy and soil management)to short-term climate conditions.Winegrowers described changing trends in climateand grapevine (Vitis) -related variables, with the latter attributed to regional climate changes and evolving management practices. Regarding future climate trends, winegrowers’ displayed great uncertainty, placing the most urgent adaptation priority on short-term strategies, while changing grapevine varieties and using irrigation were identified as last resort strategies. The study concluded by discussing the implications of these findings in the context of climate change adaptation in viticulture.

Published
2016
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3. Life cycle assessment of viticultural technical management routes (tmrs) : comparison between an organic and an integrated management route

Author

Rouault, Anthony, BEAUCHET, Sandra, Renaud-Gentié, Christel, Jourjon, Frédérique, Groupe de Recherche en Agroalimentaire sur les Produits et les Procédés (GRAPPE), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CASDAR, InterLoire, Pays de la Loire Region, and French environmental agency ADEME

Subjects
integrated viticulture, life cycle thinking, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], environmental assessment, vineyard management, organic viticulture, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Aims: Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), this study aims to compare the environmental impacts of two different viticultural technical management routes (TMRs); integrated and organic) and to identify the operations that contribute the most to the impacts. Methods and results: LCA impact scores were expressed in two functional units : 1 ha of cultivated area and 1 kg of collected grape. We studied all operations from field preparation before planting to the end-of-life of the vine. Inputs and outputs were transformed into potential environmental impacts thanks to SALCA (TM) (V1.02) and USEToxTm (V1.03) methods. Plant protection treatments were a major cause of impact for both TMRs for fuel related impact categories. For both TMRs, the main contributors to natural resource depletion and freshwater ecotoxicity were trellis system installation and background heavy metal emissions, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the studied organic TMR has higher impact scores than the integrated TMR for all the chosen impact categories except eutrophication. However, the chosen TMRs are only typical of integrated and organic viticulture in Loire Valley and some emission models (heavy metal, fuel-related emissions, and nitrogen emissions) have to be improved in order to better assess the environmental impacts of viticulture. Soil quality should also be integrated to LCA results in viticulture because this lack may be a disadvantage for organic viticulture. Significance and impact of study: This study is among the first to compare LCA results of an integrated and an organic TMR.

Published
2016

4. Capacity of very noisy channels based on Fisher information

Author

Duan, Fabing, Chapeau-Blondeau, François, Abbott, Derek, Qingdao University, Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), and Interloire

Subjects
[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract

International audience; We generalize the asymptotic capacity expression for very noisy communication channels to now include coloured noise. For the practical scenario of a non-optimal receiver, we consider the common case of a correlation receiver. Due to the central limit theorem and the cumulative characteristic of a correlation receiver, we model this channel noise as additive Gaussian noise. Then, the channel capacity proves to be directly related to the Fisher information of the noise distribution and the weak signal energy. The conditions for occurrence of a noise-enhanced capacity effect are discussed, and the capacity difference between this noisy communication channel and other nonlinear channels is clarified.

Published
2016
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5. Towards an information-theoretic model of the Allison mixture

Author

Gunn, Lachlan, Chapeau-Blondeau, François, Allison, Andrew, Abbott, Derek, University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester [Manchester], Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), and Interloire

Subjects
[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

Proceedings 7th International Conference on Unsolved Problems on Noise.; International audience; Towards an information-theoretic model of the Allison mixture&nbsp

Published
2015

6. How organic and analytical chemistry contribute to knowledge of the biogenesis of varietal thiols in wine. A review

Author

Roland, Aurélie, Cavelier, Florine, Schneider, Rémi, Interloire, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)

Subjects
aroma, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, wine, organic synthesis, thiols
Abstract

International audience; During the past 20 years, interest in the involvement of varietal thiols in the aroma of young wines has grown considerably. Most data in the literature dealing with these thiols in wine has focused on 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one, 3-mercaptohexyl acetate and 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and demonstrate the central role of the different branches of chemistry in understanding the biotechnological processes responsible for thiol release. This review describes and discusses the chemical strategies used to synthesize volatile thiols and their precursors as well as their final use in order to: (1) elucidate the structure of the precursors, their role and the mechanism of cleavage; (2) determine the sensory contribution of volatile thiols in wine; and (3) develop accurate quantification methods.

Published
2012
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7. Distribution of varietal thiol precursors in th skin and the pulp of Melon B. and Sauvignon Blanc grapes

Author

Alain Razungles, Florine Cavelier, Frédéric Charrier, Rémi Schneider, Michel Rossignol, Aurélie Roland, Interloire, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Unité de Recherche Protéomique (PROTEOMIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), IFV (Institut Francais de la Vigne et du Vin), Sicavac, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Protéomique, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Melon, Varietal thiols, Pulp, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Food science, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Pulp (paper), 010401 analytical chemistry, Sauvignon blanc, food and beverages, Precursors, Skin contact, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Glutathione, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Biochemistry, Thiol, engineering, Food Science, Cysteine
Abstract

International audience; In order to examine varietal thiol precursors in both the skin and the pulp of grapes, two grape varieties, Melon B. and Sauvignon Blanc, were considered. We found that cysteinylated and glutathionylated pre- cursors of 3-mercapto-1-hexanol and 4-methyl-4-mercapto-2-pentanone were preferentially in skin. In the Sauvignon Blanc variety, precursors were detected both in the skin and the pulp, while in Melon B., only S-3-(1-hexanol)glutathione was detected in pulp, any other precursors being exclusively found in skin. During an industrial pressing cycle, extraction of thiol precursors was enhanced at the end of the cycle (highest pressures), thus producing more varietal thiols in the resulting wines. Cold prefermen- tation skin contact did not influence the concentration of the measured precursors in Sauvignon Blanc must. Nevertheless, the release of thiol in resulting wines increased significantly between 1 and 7 days of cold prefermentation skin contact. This increase could be due to the formation of other thiol precur- sors, such as S-3-(1-hexanal)glutathione or S-3-(1-hexanal)cysteine, during prefermentative operations.

Published
2011
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8. Validation of a nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and the accurate quantification by isotopic dilution of glutathionylated and cysteinylated precursors of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one in white grape juices

Author

Peggy Rigou, Alain Razungles, Aurélie Roland, Rémi Schneider, Marc Moniatte, Jérôme Vialaret, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interloire, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)

Subjects
Analyte, Calibration curve, Analytical chemistry, Indicator Dilution Techniques, Isotope dilution, Mass spectrometry, Tandem mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Lc-Ms/Ms, Analytical Chemistry, Separation, Beverages, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Isotopes, LC–MS/MS, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Nano-Liquid Chromatography, Acid, Vitis, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Volatile Thiols, stable isotope dilution assay, Aroma, thiols, Conjugate, Chromatography, cysteinylated conjugates, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Selected reaction monitoring, Wines, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Repeatability, BSTFA, Cv Sauvignon Blanc, grape, 040401 food science, glutathionylated conjugates, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Correspondance auteur: Roland A. E-mail: roland@supagro.inra.fr Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; A rapid nanoLc-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of glutathionylated and cysteinylated precursors of 3-mercapto-hexan-1-ol (3MH) and 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentan-2-one in grape juice using stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). The analytes were extracted from must using a cation exchange resin and purified on C18 cartridges. They were chromatographically separated on a reverse phase column and finally analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) using deuterated analogues as standards except for glutathionylated Conjugate of 4MMP which was analyzed by external calibration. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization recommendations by determining linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, repeatability, intermediate reproducibility, LODs and LOQs. Calibration for each precursor was determined by performing Lack-of-Fit test and the best fitting for 3MH precursors was a quadratic model whereas a linear model was better adapted for 4MMP Precursors. All calibration curves showed (quite satisfactory Correlation coefficients (R-2 > 0.995 for SIDA quantification and R-2 > 0.985 for external calibration). Quantification by SIDA and external calibration allowed a high level of accuracy since the averaged value ranged from 80 to 108%. Quantification of aroma precursors was accurate and reproducible Over five clays since intermediate precision (same analyst, same sample and same apparatus), which was evaluated by the calculation of RSD was inferior to 16%. Limits Of quantification for G3MH and G4MMP were closed to 0.50 and 0.07 nmol/L and as 4.75 and 1.90 nmol/L for Cys3MH and Cys4MMP respectively. This method was applied to the quantification of precursors into several types of grape juices: Melon B., Sauvignon, Riesling and Gewurztraminer

Published
2010
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9. Straightforward Synthesis of Deuterated Precursors to Demonstate the Biogenesis of Aromatic Thiols in Wine

Author

Florine Cavelier, Christine Le Guernevé, Aurélie Roland, Alain Razungles, Rémi Schneider, Interloire, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, precursor, Food chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 010608 biotechnology, Organic chemistry, Vitis, Sulfhydryl Compounds, wine, grapes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Wine, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Deuterium, Glutathione, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Fruit, Yield (chemistry), Fermentation, Odorants, Thiol, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biogenesis, Conjugate
Abstract

International audience; Straightforward synthesis of labeled S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and S-4-(4-methylpentan-2-one)- glutathione has been developed through a conjugate addition optimization study. Sauvignon blanc fermentation experiments with the [2H10] S-4-(4-methylpentan-2-one)-glutathione used as a tracer released the corresponding deuterated thiol, thus proving the direct relationship with the 4-mercapto-4- methylpentan-2-one under enological conditions. The conversion yield of such transformation was estimated to be close to 0.3%, opening an avenue for additional study on varietal thiol biogenesis.

Published
2010
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10. ASSESSMENT OF MATURITY OF LOIRE VALLEY WINE GRAPES BY MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Author

Daniel Picque, Joëlle Béguin, Pascale Lieben, Philippe Chrétien, Laurence Guérin, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Anjou Unit, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Touraine Unit, Loire Wines (INTERLOIRE), French Fruit, Vegetable, Wine and Horticulture Council (VINIFLHOR), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Growing region, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Titratable acid, Berry, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, PARAMETERS, Veraison, lcsh:Agriculture, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, VITIS-VINIFERA, correlations, lcsh:Botany, Partial least squares regression, Botany, Sugar, infrared spectroscopy, NEAR-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY, 010401 analytical chemistry, lcsh:S, food and beverages, Ripening, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, chemical methods, NIR, 040401 food science, ripening, 0104 chemical sciences, lcsh:QK1-989, chemistry, SPECTROMETRY, Anthocyanin, BERRIES, Food Science
Abstract

Aim: The objective of the present study was to assess the ripening of grapes collected at different stages of maturation between the “véraison” and harvest periods from mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) analysis.Methods and results: Grape berries of Cabernet Franc collected in two locations of the Loire Valley region (Touraine and Anjou), from 28 vine plots and during two vintages (2005 and 2006) were analysed. With principal component analysis (PCA) of spectral data of grape musts, different levels of ripening were described during the three to four weeks before harvest. A separation according to origin (Touraine or Anjou) was also observed and confirmed by the results of partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis (88 % of correct classification). Similar evolutions and geographical discriminations were obtained for specific physicochemical parameters. By PLS regression, good predictions of titratable acidity and sugar concentration from berry spectral data were obtained, with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.53 g/L for titratable acidity (expressed in H2SO4) and 8 g/L for sugar concentration. Moreover, when the data from only one of the regions were considered, the predictions of titratable acidity and sugar concentration were improved and those of real acidity (pH) and maturity index were then satisfactory. The RMSEP values for samples from Touraine and Anjou were reduced, respectively, to 0.05 and 0.02 units for pH, 0.4 and 0.12 g/L for titratable acidity (expressed in H2SO4), 6.6 and 3.2 g/L for sugar concentration, and 5 and 2.2 units for maturity index.Conclusion: Spectroscopic and classic chemical analyses of grape berries yielded highly similar results. The evolution of berries from “véraison” to harvest can be characterized according to both time course and region. The samples showed similar PCA results for chemical and IR spectra parameters. PLS regression between chemical and spectral data showed that Fourier transform IR is a good method to predict acidity and sugar concentration throughout ripening. And the results for these parameters, as well as for pH, maturity index and anthocyanin concentration, are improved if the regressions are calculated from sample sets restricted to a single growing region. Consequently, a calibration model is required for each grape geographical origin.Significance and impact of the study: The potential of MIRS was demonstrated for the quantification of the main indicators of maturity during berry ripening. Furthermore, these spectra can be used to estimate grape maturity in particular in reference to a spectral database established over several years of study. The association infrared spectroscopy, chemometric methods and database will help to monitor ripening and to determine the optimum harvest date.

Published
2010

11. Comparison of Three Sensory Descriptive Methods for use with the Napping® procedure: Case of Ten Wines From Loire Valley

Author

Perrin, Lucie, Symoneaux, Ronan, Maître, Isabelle, Asselin, Christian, Jourjon, Frédérique, Pagès, Jérome, UMT Vinitera, Laboratoire GRAPPE, Groupe ESA, Interloire, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Groupe de Recherche en Agroalimentaire sur les Produits et les Procédés (GRAPPE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [STAT.TH]Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], [ STAT.TH ] Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

12. Comparaison entre des profils libres de vins réalisés par des professionnels et un profil conventionnel

Author

Perrin, Lucie, Jourjon, Frédérique, Symoneaux, Ronan, Asselin, Christian, Pagès, Jérome, Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique ( LSGC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMT Vinitera, European Space Agency ( ESA ), UMT Vinitera, Laboratoire GRAPPE, Groupe ESA, Interloire, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique (LSGC), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Groupe de Recherche en Agroalimentaire sur les Produits et les Procédés (GRAPPE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [STAT.TH]Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ STAT.TH ] Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

13. A Decision Support System Coupling Fuzzy Logic and Probabilistic Graphical Approaches for the Agri-Food Industry: Prediction of Grape Berry Maturity.

Author

Perrot N, Baudrit C, Brousset JM, Abbal P, Guillemin H, Perret B, Goulet E, Guerin L, Barbeau G, and Picque D

Subjects
Climate Change, Expert Systems, Food Industry, Fuzzy Logic, Probability, Vitis
Abstract

Agri-food is one of the most important sectors of the industry and a major contributor to the global warming potential in Europe. Sustainability issues pose a huge challenge for this sector. In this context, a big issue is to be able to predict the multiscale dynamics of those systems using computing science. A robust predictive mathematical tool is implemented for this sector and applied to the wine industry being easily able to be generalized to other applications. Grape berry maturation relies on complex and coupled physicochemical and biochemical reactions which are climate dependent. Moreover one experiment represents one year and the climate variability could not be covered exclusively by the experiments. Consequently, harvest mostly relies on expert predictions. A big challenge for the wine industry is nevertheless to be able to anticipate the reactions for sustainability purposes. We propose to implement a decision support system so called FGRAPEDBN able to (1) capitalize the heterogeneous fragmented knowledge available including data and expertise and (2) predict the sugar (resp. the acidity) concentrations with a relevant RMSE of 7 g/l (resp. 0.44 g/l and 0.11 g/kg). FGRAPEDBN is based on a coupling between a probabilistic graphical approach and a fuzzy expert system.

Published
2015
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15. Straightforward synthesis of deuterated precursors to demonstrate the biogenesis of aromatic thiols in wine.

Author

Roland A, Schneider R, Razungles A, Le Guernevé C, and Cavelier F

Subjects
Deuterium, Fermentation, Fruit chemistry, Glutathione biosynthesis, Odorants analysis, Vitis chemistry, Glutathione analogs & derivatives, Sulfhydryl Compounds metabolism, Wine analysis
Abstract

Straightforward synthesis of labeled S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and S-4-(4-methylpentan-2-one)-glutathione has been developed through a conjugate addition optimization study. Sauvignon blanc fermentation experiments with the [(2)H(10)] S-4-(4-methylpentan-2-one)-glutathione used as a tracer released the corresponding deuterated thiol, thus proving the direct relationship with the 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one under enological conditions. The conversion yield of such transformation was estimated to be close to 0.3%, opening an avenue for additional study on varietal thiol biogenesis.

Published
2010
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16. Evolution of S-cysteinylated and S-glutathionylated thiol precursors during oxidation of Melon B. and Sauvignon blanc musts.

Author

Roland A, Vialaret J, Razungles A, Rigou P, and Schneider R

Subjects
Cucurbitaceae chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Sulfhydryl Compounds chemistry, Vitis chemistry, Wine analysis, Cucurbitaceae metabolism, Sulfhydryl Compounds metabolism, Vitis metabolism
Abstract

Thiol precursor content in Melon B. and Sauvignon blanc grape juices obtained under vacuum was determined by quantifying cysteinylated and glutathionylated conjugates of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) and 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentan-2-one (4MMP). This characterization allowed the study of thiol precursor evolution during ripening of Sauvignon blanc grapes in several viticultural situations together with grape reaction product (GRP) and the main substrate of polyphenoloxidase, that is, caftaric acid. Concentration of precursors greatly increased during ripening except for the cysteinylated conjugate of 4MMP. Precursor evolution was also monitored during the oxidation of grape juice. Addition of oxygen to a grape juice set off the enzymatic oxidation of hydroxycinnamic acids but did not negatively affect precursor concentrations. Part of the glutathionylated precursor of the 3MH was produced during prefermentative operations (up to 140% in Sauvignon blanc). Consequently, this precursor naturally occurring in grapes was also formed during prefermentative operations. The proportion of biogenetic and prefermentary formation of the glutathionylated precursor of 3MH was different under industrial conditions depending on the grape variety considered. Addition of glutathione and hexenal in grape juices of Melon B. and Sauvignon induced an increase of the production of 3MH and consequently of its acetate in the resulting wines. Residual glutathione in must has to be preserved to enhance the aromatic potential of grapes.

Published
2010
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17. Validation of a nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and the accurate quantification by isotopic dilution of glutathionylated and cysteinylated precursors of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one in white grape juices.

Author

Roland A, Vialaret J, Moniatte M, Rigou P, Razungles A, and Schneider R

Subjects
Indicator Dilution Techniques, Isotopes analysis, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Beverages analysis, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Vitis chemistry
Abstract

A rapid nanoLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of glutathionylated and cysteinylated precursors of 3-mercapto-hexan-1-ol (3MH) and 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentan-2-one in grape juice using stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). The analytes were extracted from must using a cation exchange resin and purified on C18 cartridges. They were chromatographically separated on a reverse phase column and finally analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) using deuterated analogues as standards except for glutathionylated conjugate of 4MMP which was analyzed by external calibration. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization recommendations by determining linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, repeatability, intermediate reproducibility, LODs and LOQs. Calibration for each precursor was determined by performing Lack-of-Fit test and the best fitting for 3MH precursors was a quadratic model whereas a linear model was better adapted for 4MMP precursors. All calibration curves showed quite satisfactory correlation coefficients (R(2)>0.995 for SIDA quantification and R(2)>0.985 for external calibration). Quantification by SIDA and external calibration allowed a high level of accuracy since the averaged value ranged from 80 to 108%. Quantification of aroma precursors was accurate and reproducible over five days since intermediate precision (same analyst, same sample and same apparatus), which was evaluated by the calculation of RSD was inferior to 16%. Limits of quantification for G3MH and G4MMP were closed to 0.50 and 0.07 nmol/L and as 4.75 and 1.90 nmol/L for Cys3MH and Cys4MMP respectively. This method was applied to the quantification of precursors into several types of grape juices: Melon B., Sauvignon, Riesling and Gewurztraminer., (2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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