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This study examines a class of time-dependent constitutive equations used to describe viscoelastic materials under creep in solid mechanics. In nonlinear elasticity, the strain response to the applied stress is expressed via an implicit graph allowing multi-valued functions. For coercive and maximal monotone graphs, the existence of a solution to the quasi-static viscoelastic problem is proven by applying the Browder–Minty fixed point theorem. Moreover, for quasi-linear viscoelastic problems, the solution is constructed as a semi-analytic formula. The inverse viscoelastic problem is represented by identification of a design variable from non-smooth measurements. A non-empty set of optimal variables is obtained based on the compactness argument by applying Tikhonov regularization in the space of bounded measures and deformations. Furthermore, an illustrative example is given for the inverse problem of isotropic kernel identification. This article is part of the theme issue 'Non-smooth variational problems with applications in mechanics'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integral equation is constructed relating the three-parameter Mittag-Leffler function with a perturbed one, from which a new property is derived. The latter helps in finding new sums of series of Mittag-Leffler functions. Also, a bound is obtained for the Mittag-Leffler function, allowing to perform a sensitivity analysis, being vital in the solution of fractional differential equations. The bound is also tested on a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the features of a moving Griffith crack in an initially stressed infinitely long and finitely thick isotropic strip with moving parallel punches of constant load acting on its boundaries owing to plane wave propagation under point loading. Coupled singular integral equations and singularities of the Cauchy-type are used to formulate the present model, Dirac delta function is employed to analyze point load located at the moving crack edge, and Hilbert transformation properties are used for obtaining stress intensity factor (SIF) with constant point loading. Numerical simulations and graphical illustrations are performed to analyze the influences of the prevalent parameters, viz. initial stresses, punch pressure, distinct positions of point load, length and speed of the crack on the SIF for the considered isotropic material strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green function of a 2n-th order differential equation with normal coefficients on the half-axis is studied. We first consider the Green function of our equation with “frozen” coefficients. Using Levi’s method, we obtain a Fredholm-type integral equation for the Green function of our problem, whose kernel is a Green function of a problem with constant coefficients. We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for this integral equation in some Banach spaces of operator-valued functions. The main result of this paper is a theorem stating that the solution of the obtained integral equation is a Green function of our problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the modified residual power series approach using Laplace transform, the method is used to solve partial integro differential equations. The basic definitions and theorems related to the method are presented and discussed. Moreover, the steps of the method are utilized and applied to solve various examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probabilistic cone b-metric space is a novel concept that we describe in this study along with some of its fundamental topological properties and instances. We also established the fixed point theorem for the probabilistic nonlinear Banach contraction mapping on this kind of spaces. Many prior findings in the literature are generalized and unified by our findings. In order to illustrate the basic theorem in ordinary cone b-metric spaces, some related findings are also provided with an application to integral equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, boundary control problems for a heat conduction equation with Dirichlet boundary condition were studied in a bounded domain. In this paper, we consider the boundary control problem for the heat conduction equation with Neumann boundary condition in a bounded one-dimensional domain. On the part of the border of the considered domain, the value of the solution with control parameter is given. Restrictions on the control are given in such a way that the average value of the solution in some part of the considered domain gets a given value. The studied initial boundary value problem is reduced to the Volterra integral equation of the first type using the method of separation of variables. It is known that the solution of Volterra’s integral equation of the first kind cannot always be shown to exist. In our work, the existence of a solution to the Volterra integral equation of the first kind is shown using the method of Laplace transform. For this, the necessary estimates for the kernel of the integral equation were found. Finally, the admissibility of the control function is proved.

The Convertible Bonds (CBs) market has witnessed an unprecedented level of activity over the last few years not only in developed countries such as the United States but also in BRICK countries such as China. Exploring new properties of CBs or CBs with clauses becomes important for academia communities in financial mathematics. In this paper, we build two coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) for pricing a callable CB, and find a newly identified inherent property of this bond. The new property is that the conversion ratio will not affect the critical recall time indicating the time beyond the callability. Besides this property, we also find that solving the critical recall time separately and superimposing later using a non-callable CB is the same as the method of a hybrid free boundary (the critical recall time) and a moving boundary (the optimal conversion price) though the callability and the American-style conversion are nonlinearly coupled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral equations with infinite delay are considered as functional equations in a Banach space. Two types of Hyers–Ulam stability criteria are established. First, it is shown that a linear autonomous equation is Hyers–Ulam stable if and only if it has no characteristic value with zero real part. Second, it is proved that the Hyers–Ulam stability of a linear autonomous equation is preserved under sufficiently small nonlinear perturbations. The proofs are based on a recently developed decomposition theory of linear integral equations with infinite delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this publication, our objective was to introduce and establish the concepts of $ \kappa _{G_{m}} $-contraction and generalized $ (\alpha, \kappa _{G_{m}}) $-contraction in complete $ G_{m} $-metric spaces, which led to the discovery of novel fixed points, coincidence points, and common fixed points. Additionally, we demonstrated the usefulness of our main results by applying it to the investigation of the integral equation. Also, we presenting a noteworthy example demonstrating the practicality of our primary hypothesis.

In this manuscript, utilizing interpolative contractions with fractional forms, some unique fixed-point results were studied in the context of extended $ b $-metric spaces. For the validity of the presented results some examples are given. In the last section an existence theorem is provided to study the existence of a solution for the Fredholm integral equation.

Formulas for inverting integral equations that arise when studying the Tricomi problem for the Lavrentyev–Bitsadze equation were derived. Solvability conditions of an auxiliary overdetermined problem in the elliptic part of the mixed domain were found using the Green function method. A connection was established between the Green functions of the Dirichlet problem and problem N for the Laplace equation in the form of integral equations mutually inverting each other. Various integral equations were considered, including explicitly solvable ones, to which the Tricomi problem can be reduced. An explicit solution of the characteristic singular equation with a Cauchy kernel was obtained without involving the theory of boundary value problems for analytic functions.

This article investigates a time-fractional space-nonlocal diffusion equation in a bounded domain. The fractional operators are defined rigorously, using the Caputo fractional derivative of order β and the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order α, where 0<α <β ᾘ ≤-1. The solution is expressed as a series involving the two-parameter Mittag-Leffler function and orthonormal eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville operator. The convergence of the series is investigated, and conditions for the solution to belong to a specific function space are established. The uniqueness of the solution is demonstrated and the continuity of the solution in the specified domain is confirmed through the uniform convergence of the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this publication, our objective was to introduce and establish the concepts of KGm-contraction and generalized (a, KGm)-contraction in complete Gm-metric spaces, which led to the discovery of novel fixed points, coincidence points, and common fixed points. Additionally, we demonstrated the usefulness of our main results by applying it to the investigation of the integral equation. Also, we presenting a noteworthy example demonstrating the practicality of our primary hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, utilizing interpolative contractions with fractional forms, some unique fixed-point results were studied in the context of extended b-metric spaces. For the validity of the presented results some examples are given. In the last section an existence theorem is provided to study the existence of a solution for the Fredholm integral equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the Volterra integral equation of the first kind with an integral operator of order , a singularity, and a sufficiently smooth kernel in a certain Banach space with weight. It reduces to an integro-differential equation with two terms in the left-hand side. The first term corresponds to an equation for which an explicitly multiparameter family of solutions is constructed. For the second term we obtain an equation with an operator whose norm in an arbitrary Banach space is arbitrarily small near zero. Such splitting of the integral operator allows constructing a particular and general solutions to the integro-differential equations in the corresponding Banach space in the form of convergent series. Thus, under certain restrictions on the operator pencil corresponding to a given integral operator, a multiparameter family of solutions is constructed for the original integral equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to present new fixed point theorems for two separate families of fuzzy-dominated mappings. These mappings must satisfy a unique locally contraction in a complete b-multiplicative metric space. Also, we have obtained novel results for families of fuzzy-dominated mappings on a closed ball that meet the requirements of a generalized locally contraction. This research introduces new and challenging fixed-point problems for families of ordered fuzzy-dominated mappings in ordered complete b-multiplicative metric spaces. Moreover, we demonstrate a new concept for families of fuzzy graph-dominated mappings on a closed ball in these spaces. Additionally, we present novel findings for graphic contraction endowed with graphic structure. These findings are groundbreaking and provide a strong foundation for future research in this field. To demonstrate the uniqueness of our novel findings, we provide evidence of their applicability in obtaining the common solution of integral and fractional differential equations. Our findings have resulted in modifications to several contemporary and classical results in the research literature. This provides further evidence of the originality and impact of our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the inverse problem of determining the time‐dependent coefficient in the time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equation. In this case, an initial boundary value problem was set for the fractional diffusion‐wave equation, and an additional condition was given for the inverse problem of determining the coefficient from this equation. First of all, it was considered the initial boundary value problem. By the Fourier method, this problem is reduced to equivalent integral equations. Then, using the Mittag‐Leffler function and the generalized singular Gronwall inequality, we get a priori estimate for solution via unknown coefficient which we will need to study of the inverse problem. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral of equation of Volterra type. The principle of contracted mapping is used to solve this equation. Local existence and global uniqueness results are proved. The stability estimate is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, two systems of nonlinear Volterra integral equation and Volterra integro‐differential equation were considered. New results in sense of Ulam stabilities in relation to these two systems were proved on a finite interval. The proof of the results on the Ulam stabilities of that classes of the equations are based on the nonlinear alternative related to Banach's contraction principle. The outcomes of this research give new contribution to the theory of Ulam stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies a inverse problem for diffusion equation on the rectangular domain. First we introduce a definition of a classical solution, and then the original problem investigate to use successive approximation. Second, the given problem is reduced to an equivalent problem. Existence and uniqueness of the solution of the equivalent problem is proved using a contraction mapping principle. Finally, using the equivalency, the existence and uniqueness of classical solution is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been shown that an improved prediction of the thermodynamic quantity for the hard homonuclear diatomics can be performed with an interpolation scheme that relates the thermodynamic property of the hard sphere to that of tangent hard spheres at the same density. Using the analytic expressions based on the solution of an integral equation an excess Helmholtz free energy per particle and chemical potential for hard homonuclear diatomic fluid have been computed. Calculations are carried out for hard homonuclear diatomics with reduced internuclear separations of 0.1 to 1 at reduced densities of 0.2 to 0.9. Our findings for the excess Helmholtz free energy from the Percus–Yevickand Martynov–Sarkisov approximations presents good agreement with available accurate data, having maximum deviations of 15% from it over the separation and density ranges of the calculations. The excess chemical potential from the Martynov–Sarkisov approximation shows better agreement with accurate available data than those from the Percus–Yevick approximation. For the excess chemical potential, a maximum deviation of 9.5% over the range of the calculations has been shown up for the Percus–Yevick approximation.

This research aims to investigate a Homogenously Weighted Moving Average (HWMA) control chart for detecting minor and moderate shifts in the process mean. A mathematical model for the explicit formulae of the average run length (ARL) of the HWMA control chart based on the autoregressive (AR) process is presented. The efficacy of the HWMA control chart is evaluated based on the average run length, the standard deviation of run length (SDRL), and the median run length (MRL). As illustrations of the design and implementation of the HWMA control chart, numerical examples are provided. In numerous instances, a comparative analysis of the HWMA control chart relative to the Extended Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (Extended EWMA) and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts with mean process shifts is performed in detail. Additionally, the relative mean index (RMI), the average extra quadratic loss (AEQL), and the performance comparison index (PCI) are utilized to evaluate the performance of control charts. For various shift sizes, the HWMA control chart is superior to the Extended EWMA and CUSUM control charts. This study applies empirical data from the area of economics to validate the explicit formula of ARL values for the HWMA control chart. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-02 Full Text: PDF

The objective of this research is to establish new results for set-valued dominated mappings that meet the criteria of advanced locally contractions in a complete extended b-metric space. Additionally, we intend to establish new fixed point outcomes for a couple of dominated multi-functions on a closed ball that satisfy generalized local contractions. In this study, we present novel findings for dominated maps in an ordered complete extended b-metric space. Additionally, we introduce a new concept of multi-graph dominated mappings on a closed ball within these spaces and demonstrate some original results for graphic contractions equipped with a graphic structure. To demonstrate the uniqueness of our new discoveries, we verify their applicability in obtaining a joint solution of integral and functional equations. Our findings have also led to modifications of numerous classical and contemporary results in existing research literature.

The objective of this paper is to suggest and construct a general four step semi-implicit iterative scheme involving midpoint rule. We establish and analyse the convergence of the suggested scheme to reckon the fixed point of an almost contraction mapping. Also, we prove the stability of the suggested iterative scheme. Finally, suggested method and our main results are applied to examine a general variational inequality and a nonlinear integral equation.

The objective of this research is to propose some new fixed point theorems for fuzzy-dominated operators that satisfy a nonlinear contraction on a closed ball in a complete b-multiplicative metric space. Our strategy involves the use of a combination of two distinct kinds of mappings: one belongs to a weaker class of strictly increasing mappings, and the other is a class of dominated mappings. In order to demonstrate the validity of our new findings, we provide instances that are both illustrative and substantial. Finally, in order to illustrate the novelty of our findings, we provide applications that allow us to derive the common solution to integral and fractional differential equations. Our findings have a significant impact on the interpretation of a large number of previously published studies, both present and historical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses a computational method to simulate more accurate models for population growth with immigration, focusing on integral equations (IEs) featuring a delay parameter in the time variable. The proposed method utilizes Legendre wavelets within the Galerkin scheme as a orthonormal basis. Legendre wavelets are known for their localized functions, offering suitable precision and stability in simulating time-delay biological models. This approach employs the composite Gauss-Legendre (CGL) quadrature rule to compute integrals appeared in the scheme. An error bound analysis demonstrates a convergence rate of order 2 − M k. Additionally, various numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency, accuracy and validate the theoretical error estimate of the novel technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a frequency-time hybrid solver for the time-dependent wave equation in two-dimensional interior spatial domains. The approach relies on four main elements, namely, (1) A multiple scattering strategy that decomposes a given interior time-domain problem into a sequence of limited-duration time-domain problems of scattering by overlapping open arcs, each one of which is reduced (by means of the Fourier transform) to a sequence of Helmholtz frequency-domain problems ; (2) Boundary integral equations on overlapping boundary patches for the solution of the frequency-domain problems in point (1); (3) A smooth "Time-windowing and recentering" methodology that enables both treatment of incident signals of long duration and long time simulation; and, (4) A Fourier transform algorithm that delivers numerically dispersionless, spectrally-accurate time evolution for given incident fields. By recasting the interior time-domain problem in terms of a sequence of open-arc multiple scattering events, the proposed approach regularizes the full interior frequency domain problem—which, if obtained by either Fourier or Laplace transformation of the corresponding interior time-domain problem, must encapsulate infinitely many scattering events, giving rise to non-uniqueness and eigenfunctions in the Fourier case, and ill conditioning in the Laplace case. Numerical examples are included which demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an original approach to the joint inversion of airborne electromagnetic (EM) data for three-dimensional (3D) conductivity and chargeability models using hybrid finite difference (FD) and integral equation (IE) methods. The inversion produces a 3D model of physical parameters, which includes conductivity, chargeability, time constant, and relaxation coefficients. We present the underlying principles of this approach and an example of a high-resolution inversion of the data acquired by a new active time domain airborne EM system, TargetEM, in Ontario, Canada. The new TargetEM system collects high-quality multicomponent data with low noise, high power, and a small transmitter–receiver offset. This airborne system and the developed advanced inversion methodology represent a new effective method for mineral resource exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of frictional thermomechanical contact of a rigid cylindrical flat-based punch with an elastic half-space has been solved numerically. The partial slipping with friction between the coupled surfaces, as a result of a compressive load, at the first stage, and a uniform heating of the bodies, at the second stage, has been investigated. To take into account the friction, we have used Coulomb's law. This problem is reduced to systems of nonlinear boundary integral equations that correspond to the mechanical and the thermal stress stages. The discretization of integral equations and iterative process have been used to obtain a numerical solution of these systems. The dependences of the normal and tangential contact stress distributions and the configuration of the stick and slip zones on the temperature have been analyzed for two possible cases of the relationship between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is devoted to finding numerical solutions of two types of nonlinear integral equations on half line with kernels depending on the sum and difference of arguments. These equations arise in various fields of mathematical physics: kinetic theory of gases, theoretical astrophysics, p-adic string theory, etc. The main result of the work is the derivation of an uniform estimate of the norm of difference between two successive approximations of solutions, which plays an important role for the control of the convergence of iterative schemes and number of iterations. The obtained results have been applied to determine numerical solutions of models from different areas of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, two dimensional inverse problem of determining convolution kernel in the fractional diffusion equation with the time-fractional Caputo derivative is studied. To represent the solution of the direct problem, the fundamental solution of the time-fractional diffusion equation with Riemann–Liouville derivative is constructed. Using the formulas of asymptotic expansions for the fundamental solution and its derivatives, an estimate for the solution of the direct problem is obtained in terms of the norm of the unknown kernel function, which was used for studying the inverse problem. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equation of the Volterra type. The local existence and global uniqueness results are proven by the aid of fixed point argument in suitable functional classes. Also the stability estimate is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For homogeneous kernels, the memory requirements associated with H2 representations of integral equation matrices can be reduced by incorporating translational invariance. Starting with a nontranslationally invariant H2 representation, this can be accomplished using a left/right iterative algorithm. In this paper, it is shown that a similar algorithm can also be used to compress an existing fast multipole method (FMM). It is observed that the iterative compression converges faster when used to compress an FMM than when it is applied to an H2 representation. Resulting savings in floating-point operations are indicated, and extensions of the reported method are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers two weakly singular Fredholm boundary integral equations of the first kind to each of which the three-dimensional Helmholtz transmission problem can be reduced. The properties of these equations are studied on the spectra, where they are ill posed. For the first equation, it is shown that its solution, if it exists on the spectrum, allows finding a solution of the transmission problem. The second equation in this case always has infinitely many solutions, with only one of them giving a solution of the transmission problem. The interpolation method for finding approximate solutions of the integral equations and the transmission problem in question is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is focused to introduce the new polyconvolution operator related to Hartley integral transforms H 1 , H 2 , H 2 study the algebraic fundamental properties, and at the same time, we apply this polyconvolution operator to solve an integral equation of polyconvolutions type, integro-differential equation of Barbashin type and a system of two integral equations of polyconvolution type. On the other hand, we study the Wastson-type integral for this polyconvolution operator. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for these operators to be unitary in the space L 2 (ℝ) and get their inverse represented in the conjugate symmetric form. Furthermore, we also formulate the Placherel-type theorem for the aforementioned operators, proved a sequence of function that convergence to the original function in the norm of L 2 (ℝ) and further show the boundedness of these operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, an initial-boundary value problem for a high even order partial differential equation with a Bessel operator is considered and the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution of the considered problem have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates an initial-boundary value and an inverse coefficient problem of determining a space dependent coefficient in the fractional wave equation with the generalized Riemann–Liouville (Hilfer) time derivative. In the beginning, it is considered the initial boundary value problem (direct problem). By the Fourier method, this problem is reduced to equivalent integral equations, which contain Mittag-Leffler type functions in free terms and kernels. Then, using the technique of estimating these functions and the generalized Gronwall inequality, we get a priori estimate for solution via unknown coefficient which will be used to study the inverse problem. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equation of Volterra type. To show existence unique solution to this equation the Schauder principle is applied. The local existence and uniqueness results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we delve into a nonlinear integral equation (IEq) with multiple variable time delays and a nonlinear integro-differential equation (IDEq) without delay. Global existence and uniqueness (GEU) of solutions of that IEq with multiple variable time delays and IDEq are investigated by the fixed point method using progressive contractions, which are due to T.A. Burton. We prove four new theorems including sufficient conditions with regard to GEU of solutions of the equations. The results generalize and improve some related published results of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental goal of our paper is to study θ-convex contractive mappings in metric spaces. We demonstrate some fixed point results for such mappings. Also, we give an application to integral equations of our results. Consequently, our results encompass numerous generalizations of the Banach contraction principle on metric space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of one-dimensional (as well as one two-dimensional) Fredholm integral equations (IEs) of the first kind of convolution type is solved. The task for solving these equations is ill-posed (first of all, unstable); therefore, the Wiener parametric filtering method (WPFM) and the Tikhonov regularization method (TRM) are used to solve them. The variant is considered when a kernel of the integral equation (IE) is unknown or known inaccurately, which generates a significant error in the solution of IE. The so-called "spectral method" is being developed to determine the kernel of an integral equation based on the Fourier spectrum, which leads to a decrease of the error in solving the IE and image improvement. Moreover, the authors also propose a method for diffusing the solution edges to suppress the possible Gibbs effect (ringing-type distortions). As applications, the problems for processing distorted (smeared, defocused, noisy, and with the Gibbs effect) images are considered. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the use of the "spectral method" to enhance the accuracy and stability of processing distorted images through their mathematical and computer processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fundamental solution matrix for elliptic systems of the second order with constant leading coefficients is constructed. It is used to obtain an integral representation of functions belonging to the Hölder class in a closed domain with a Lyapunov boundary. In the case of an infinite domain, these functions have power-law asymptotics at infinity. The representation is used to study a mixed-contact boundary value problem for a second-order elliptic system with piecewise constant leading coefficients. The problem is reduced to a system of integral equations that are Fredholm in the domain and singular at its boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study some coupled fixed point theorems in C*-algebra-valued Sb-metric spaces. As applications, existence and uniqueness results for one type of integral equation x(t)= ∫E (K1(t,s) + K2(t,s)))f(s,x(s)) + g(s, x(s)))ds +h(t), t∈E where E is the Lebesque measurable set and m(E) < +∞, and under some other conditions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we consider the initial boundary value direct problem and zeroorder determination inverse problem for the time-fractional wave equation. First, we study the direct problem (using Robin-type boundary condition), and then using its properties, we investigate the inverse problem. We prove the local solvability of the inverse problem’s solution and will show its stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to establish new results for set-valued dominated mappings that meet the criteria of advanced locally contractions in a complete extended b-metric space. Additionally, we intend to establish new fixed point outcomes for a couple of dominated multi-functions on a closed ball that satisfy generalized local contractions. In this study, we present novel findings for dominated maps in an ordered complete extended b-metric space. Additionally, we introduce a new concept of multi-graph dominated mappings on a closed ball within these spaces and demonstrate some original results for graphic contractions equipped with a graphic structure. To demonstrate the uniqueness of our new discoveries, we verify their applicability in obtaining a joint solution of integral and functional equations. Our findings have also led to modifications of numerous classical and contemporary results in existing research literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates an effective method for solving one class of integral equations. It addresses various two dimensional problems related to do diffraction theory by metal screens, which are reduced to these integral equations. A novel approach for solving this class of integral equations is proposed. The study foceses on investigating diffraction on a strip using a combination of analytical and numerical methods and the results are obtained through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The purpose of the work is the use of neural network technologies in the problems of restoring the parameters of inhomogeneities within the body. This problem occurs in acoustics, electrodynamics, flaw detection, as well as in medicine. Materials and methods. The process of propagating an acoustic wave inside various objects is described using the Helmholtz equation. After setting the boundary problem, the transition to the Lippmann- Schwinger integral equation is performed. To solve the reverse problem, a two-step method was used. Results. The problem is solved numerically. The order of the matrix obtained in the calculation is about 10,000 elements. Graphic illustrations of the recovery of the function of inhomogeneities within the body are presented. An experiment was conducted demonstrating the peculiarities of restoring body parameters when using neural networks. Conclusions. Proposed and implemented is software complex for determination of parameters of inhomogeneities inside body. The advantages of using neural networks as a method are shown.

Background. The problem of solvability of the electric field integral equation for non-absorbing media is considered. Materials and methods. The method of quadratic forms is applied to investigation of the operators of the problem. Results and conclusions. The study proves the continuous reversibility of the operator of the electric field equation in the case of plane screens and nonabsorbing media.

The probabilistic cone b-metric space is a novel concept that we describe in this study along with some of its fundamental topological properties and instances. We also established the fixed point theorem for the probabilistic nonlinear Banach contraction mapping on this kind of spaces. Many prior findings in the literature are generalized and unified by our findings. In order to illustrate the basic theorem in ordinary cone b-metric spaces, some related findings are also provided with an application to integral equation.

Как хорошо известно, наличие характеристик является очень существенным при исследовании задачи Коши для дифференциальных уравнений с частными производными независимо от его порядка. В случае, если дифференциальное уравнение с частными производными является нагруженным, то для однозначной разрешимости задачи Коши возникают дополнительные условия разрешимости, зависящие от вида следа нагрузки. Эти условия возникают даже для простейших линейных нагруженных дифференциальных уравнений с частными производными, начиная с первого порядка и выше. Основная цель данной работы – проиллюстрировать возникающие эффекты на примере исследования задачи Коши для линейного нагруженного уравнения в частных производных первого порядка. Так как корректность поставленной задачи Коши эквивалентным образом редуцируется к интегральному уравнению второго рода, то основной метод, применяемый для доказательства его разрешимости – метод последовательных подстановок. Основной вывод заключается в том, что разрешимость задачи Коши для нагруженного уравнения в частных производных существенным образом зависит от выбора следа нагрузки. В случае, когда разрешимость задачи Коши доказана, оказывается, что область влияния данных Коши не ограничивается только характеристиками, а появляются новые не характеристические линии, за которые данные Коши однозначно продолжаться не могут.

The major objectives of this research article are to introduce the notion of ($ \alpha, \psi $)-contraction in the context of $ \mathfrak{F} $-bipolar metric space and establish fixed point theorems. In this way, coupled fixed point results are obtained by applying the leading theorems. Some non-trivial examples are also furnished to show the validity of established results. As applications of the main result, we investigate the solution of an integral equation and a homotopy problem.