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1. Identification of a millisecond isomeric state in Cd81129 via the detection of internal conversion and Compton electrons

Author

Taprogge, J.(Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006, Spain), Jungclaus, A.(Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006, Spain), Grawe, H.(GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany), Nishimura, S.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Xu, Z.Y.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Doornenbal, P.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Lorusso, G.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Nácher, E.(Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006, Spain), Simpson, G.S.(LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble cedex, F-38026, France), Söderström, P.-A.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Sumikama, T.(Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan), Baba, H.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Browne, F.(School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4JG, United Kingdom), Fukuda, N.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Gernhäuser, R.(Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, Garching, D-85748, Germany), Gey, G.(LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble cedex, F-38026, France), Inabe, N.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Isobe, T.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Jung, H.S.(Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea), Kameda, D.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Kim, G.D.(Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea), Kim, Y.-K.(Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea), Kojouharov, I.(GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany), Kubo, T.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Kurz, N.(GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany), Kwon, Y.K.(Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea), Li, Z.(School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China), Sakurai, H.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Schaffner, H.(GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany), Steiger, K.(Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, Garching, D-85748, Germany), Suzuki, H.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Takeda, H.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Vajta, Zs.(MTA Atomki, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001, Hungary), Watanabe, H.(RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), Wu, J.(School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China), Yagi, A.(Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan), Yoshinaga, K.(Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan), Benzoni, G.(INFN, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, I-20133, Italy), Bönig, S.(Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, D-64289, Germany), Chae, K.Y.(Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea), Coraggio, L.(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, I-80126, Italy), Covello, A.(Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, I-80126, Italy), Daugas, J.-M.(CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon cedex, 91297, France), Drouet, F.(LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble cedex, F-38026, France), Gadea, A.(Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC, Univ. of Valencia, Paterna, E-46980, Spain), Gargano, A.(Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, I-80126, Italy), Ilieva, S.(Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, D-64289, Germany), Kondev, F.G.(Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA), Kröll, T.(Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, D-64289, Germany), Lane, G.J.(Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia), Montaner-Pizá, A.(Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC, Univ. of Valencia, Paterna, E-46980, Spain), Moschner, K.(IKP, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany), Mücher, D.(Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, D-64289, Germany), Naqvi, F.(Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8120, USA), Niikura, M.(Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Japan, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033), Nishibata, H.(Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan), Odahara, A.(Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan), Orlandi, R.(Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, K.U. Leuven, Heverlee, B-3001, Belgium), Patel, Z.(Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom), Podolyák, Zs.(Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom), and Wendt, A.(IKP, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany)

Subjects
Isomeric decays, Shell model calculations, Nuclear Theory, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Transition strengths, Nuclear Experiment, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

The decay of an isomeric state in the neutron-rich nucleus 129Cd has been observed via the detection of internal conversion and Compton electrons providing first experimental information on excited states in this nucleus. The isomer was populated in the projectile fission of a 238U beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. From the measured yields of γ-rays and internal conversion electrons, a multipolarity of E3 was tentatively assigned to the isomeric transition. A half-life of T1/2=3.6(2) ms was determined for the new state which was assigned a spin of (21/2+), based on a comparison to shell model calculations performed using state-of-the-art realistic effective interactions. Keywords: Isomeric decays, Transition strengths, Shell model calculations

Published
2014

2. Comments on <math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math> solutions from M2-branes on complex curves and the backreacted Kähler geometry

Author

Kim, NakwooDepartment of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Science, Kyung Hee University, 130-701, Seoul, Korea

Subjects
Computer Science::Digital Libraries
Abstract

We consider AdS2 solutions of M-theory which are obtained by twisted compactifications of M2-branes on a complex curve. They are of a generalized class, in the sense that the non-abelian part of the connection for the holomorphic bundle over the supersymmetric cycle is nontrivial. They are solutions of U(1)4 gauged supergravity in D=4 , with magnetic flux over the curve, and then uplifted to D=11 . We discuss the behavior of conformal fixed points as a function of the non-abelian connection. We also describe how they fit into the general description of wrapped M2-brane AdS2 solutions and their higher-order generalizations, by showing that they satisfy the master equation for the eight-dimensional Kähler base space.

Published
2014

4. Current Understanding of Leaf Senescence in Rice

Author

Sichul Lee, Céline Masclaux-Daubresse, Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R013-D1), and ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017)

Subjects
Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, leaf senescence, Review, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Plant Growth Regulators, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Transcriptional regulation, Biology (General), Spectroscopy, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, food and beverages, General Medicine, nitrogen remobilization, Computer Science Applications, phytohormones, Chemistry, Senescence, Nutrient cycle, productivity, Nitrogen, QH301-705.5, Biology, Genes, Plant, Catalysis, chlorophyll breakdown, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, stay-green, transcription factors, Botany, Grain quality, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, QD1-999, rice, Organic Chemistry, fungi, Oryza, 15. Life on land, Plant Leaves, Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Chlorophyll breakdown, Sink (computing), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Leaf senescence, which is the last developmental phase of plant growth, is controlled by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Leaf yellowing is a visual indicator of senescence due to the loss of the green pigment chlorophyll. During senescence, the methodical disassembly of macromolecules occurs, facilitating nutrient recycling and translocation from the sink to the source organs, which is critical for plant fitness and productivity. Leaf senescence is a complex and tightly regulated process, with coordinated actions of multiple pathways, responding to a sophisticated integration of leaf age and various environmental signals. Many studies have been carried out to understand the leaf senescence-associated molecular mechanisms including the chlorophyll breakdown, phytohormonal and transcriptional regulation, interaction with environmental signals, and associated metabolic changes. The metabolic reprogramming and nutrient recycling occurring during leaf senescence highlight the fundamental role of this developmental stage for the nutrient economy at the whole plant level. The strong impact of the senescence-associated nutrient remobilization on cereal productivity and grain quality is of interest in many breeding programs. This review summarizes our current knowledge in rice on (i) the actors of chlorophyll degradation, (ii) the identification of stay-green genotypes, (iii) the identification of transcription factors involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, (iv) the roles of leaf-senescence-associated nitrogen enzymes on plant performance, and (v) stress-induced senescence. Compiling the different advances obtained on rice leaf senescence will provide a framework for future rice breeding strategies to improve grain yield.

Published
2021
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5. Changing El Nino-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate

Author

Fan Jia, Michael J. McPhaden, Yoo-Geun Ham, Tao Geng, Josephine R. Brown, Axel Timmermann, Xiaopei Lin, Malte F. Stuecker, Benjamin Ng, Guojian Wang, Li Zhang, Jae Heung Park, Antonietta Capotondi, Karl Stein, Xichen Li, Kim M. Cobb, Bolan Gan, Tobias Bayr, Fei-Fei Jin, Christina Karamperidou, Boris Dewitte, Andréa S. Taschetto, Agus Santoso, Wenxiu Zhong, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Jun Ying, Wenju Cai, Sang-Wook Yeh, Lixin Wu, Shayne McGregor, Matthieu Lengaigne, Hyun-Su Jo, Kai Yang, Matthew Collins, Yun Yang, Jong-Seong Kug, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of South Wales (USW), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pusan National University, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Ocean University of China (OUC), Institute of Basic Science (IBS), School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS), University of Southampton, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE01-0012,ARiSE,Rôle de la non-linéarité de la réponse atmosphérique à la température de l'océan dans la physique d'ENSO (El Niño Oscillation Australe)(2018)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, interannual timescale, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, mean-state, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, nino/southern-oscillation, tropical pacific-ocean, interdecadal changes, atmospheric teleconnections, sea-surface temperature, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Earth-Surface Processes, Greenhouse warming, 15. Life on land, Pollution, intermodel uncertainty, La Niña, Sea surface temperature, enso amplitude change, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Stratification (seeds), 13. Climate action, Internal variability, Climatology, la-nina, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Teleconnection
Abstract

Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to anthropogenic warming. In this Review, we synthesize advances in observed and projected changes of multiple aspects of ENSO, including the processes behind such changes. As in previous syntheses, there is an inter-model consensus of an increase in future ENSO rainfall variability. Now, however, it is apparent that models that best capture key ENSO dynamics also tend to project an increase in future ENSO sea surface temperature variability and, thereby, ENSO magnitude under greenhouse warming, as well as an eastward shift and intensification of ENSO-related atmospheric teleconnections — the Pacific–North American and Pacific–South American patterns. Such projected changes are consistent with palaeoclimate evidence of stronger ENSO variability since the 1950s compared with past centuries. The increase in ENSO variability, though underpinned by increased equatorial Pacific upper-ocean stratification, is strongly influenced by internal variability, raising issues about its quantifiability and detectability. Yet, ongoing coordinated community efforts and computational advances are enabling long-simulation, large-ensemble experiments and high-resolution modelling, offering encouraging prospects for alleviating model biases, incorporating fundamental dynamical processes and reducing uncertainties in projections. Key points Under anthropogenic warming, the majority of climate models project faster background warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific compared with the west. The observed equatorial Pacific surface warming pattern since 1980, though opposite to the projected faster warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific, is within the inter-model range in terms of sea surface temperature (SST) gradients and is subject to influence from internal variability. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) rainfall responses in the equatorial Pacific are projected to intensify and shift eastward, leading to an eastward intensification of extratropical teleconnections. ENSO SST variability and extreme ENSO events are projected to increase under greenhouse warming, with a stronger inter-model consensus in CMIP6 compared with CMIP5. However, the time of emergence for ENSO SST variability is later than that for ENSO rainfall variability, opposite to that for mean SST versus mean rainfall. Future ENSO change is likely influenced by past variability, such that quantification of future ENSO in the only realization of the real world is challenging. Although there is no definitive relationship of ENSO variability with the mean zonal SST gradient or seasonal cycle, palaeoclimate records suggest a causal connection between vertical temperature stratification and ENSO strength, and a greater ENSO strength since the 1950s than in past centuries, supporting an emerging increase in ENSO variability under greenhouse warming.

Published
2021
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6. Concurrent activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 in rice leads to enhanced nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen limitation

Author

Hong Gil Nam, Anne Marmagne, Sichul Lee, Tae-Heon Kim, Joonheum Park, Céline Masclaux-Daubresse, Pyung Ok Lim, Sun-ji Kim, Chardon Fabien, Yehyun Yim, Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institut des sciences et de la technologie (DGIST), and Institute for Basic Science from the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning IBS-R013-D1LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPSINRA PHC STAR 38835PL 2017K1A3A1A21013795

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plant growth, Nitrogen, Ammonium transporter 1, chemistry.chemical_element, Oryza sativa, Plant Science, Biology, activation tagging mutant, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen use efficiency, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, High nitrogen, Sustainable agriculture, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ammonium, Cation Transport Proteins, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Glutamate Synthase, food and beverages, Oryza, Cell Biology, 15. Life on land, Enzyme Activation, Glutamate synthetase 1, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Agronomy, Seedlings, Agriculture, grain quality and yield, Mutation, Paddy field, Original Article, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Summary Nitrogen (N) is a major factor for plant development and productivity. However, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers generates environmental and economic problems. To cope with the increasing global food demand, the development of rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is indispensable for reducing environmental issues and achieving sustainable agriculture. Here, we report that the concomitant activation of the rice (Oryza sativa) Ammonium transporter 1;2 (OsAMT1;2) and Glutamate synthetase 1 (OsGOGAT1) genes leads to increased tolerance to nitrogen limitation and to better ammonium uptake and N remobilization at the whole plant level. We show that the double activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 increases plant performance in agriculture, providing better N grain filling without yield penalty under paddy field conditions, as well as better grain yield and N content when plants are grown under N llimitations in field conditions. Combining OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 activation provides a good breeding strategy for improving plant growth, nitrogen use efficiency and grain productivity, especially under nitrogen limitation, through the enhancement of both nitrogen uptake and assimilation., Significance Statement We report that concurrent activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 confers better growth and improves the grain yield and quality of rice, especially under nitrogen limitation. Thus, our approach constitutes a promising strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice.

Published
2020
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7. Early correction of synaptic long-term depression improves abnormal anxiety-like behavior in adult GluN2B-C456Y-mutant mice

Author

Benjamin Serraz, Yong Chul Bae, Eunjoon Kim, Doyoun Kim, Pierre Paoletti, Kyungdeok Kim, Muwon Kang, Eun-Jae Lee, Hyejin Lee, Yi Sul Cho, Wangyong Shin, Bodescot, Myriam, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyungpook National University [Daegu] (KNU), Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon] (IBS), University of Ulsan, This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant #693021 to PP), the University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC Paris 6) and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) (fellowships to BS), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT, NRF-2017R1A5A2015391 to YCB), and the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R002-D1 to EK)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyungpook National University [Daegu], Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Physiology, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Xenopus, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Social Sciences, Haploinsufficiency, Anxiety, Nervous System, Hippocampus, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Gene Knock-In Techniques, Biology (General), Receptor, Long-term depression, Mammals, Neurons, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Animal Behavior, Behavior, Animal, General Neuroscience, Glutamate receptor, Eukaryota, Brain, Long-term potentiation, Animal Models, 3. Good health, Electrophysiology, Experimental Organism Systems, Vertebrates, Xenopus Oocytes, NMDA receptor, Frogs, Anatomy, Cellular Types, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ionotropic effect, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, QH301-705.5, Neurophysiology, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, Protein degradation, Research and Analysis Methods, Rodents, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Amphibians, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Genetics, Animals, Behavior, General Immunology and Microbiology, Long-Term Synaptic Depression, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Cell Biology, Mice, Mutant Strains, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, nervous system, Cycloserine, Cellular Neuroscience, Amniotes, Synapses, Mutation, biology.protein, Animal Studies, GRIN2B, Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract

Extensive evidence links Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (GRIN2B), encoding the GluN2B/NR2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), with various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In addition, it remains unknown whether mutations in GluN2B, which starts to be expressed early in development, induces early pathophysiology that can be corrected by early treatments for long-lasting effects. We generated and characterized Grin2b-mutant mice that carry a heterozygous, ASD-risk C456Y mutation (Grin2b+/C456Y). In Grin2b+/C456Y mice, GluN2B protein levels were strongly reduced in association with decreased hippocampal NMDAR currents and NMDAR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) but unaltered long-term potentiation, indicative of mutation-induced protein degradation and LTD sensitivity. Behaviorally, Grin2b+/C456Y mice showed normal social interaction but exhibited abnormal anxiolytic-like behavior. Importantly, early, but not late, treatment of young Grin2b+/C456Y mice with the NMDAR agonist D-cycloserine rescued NMDAR currents and LTD in juvenile mice and improved anxiolytic-like behavior in adult mice. Therefore, GluN2B-C456Y haploinsufficiency decreases GluN2B protein levels, NMDAR-dependent LTD, and anxiety-like behavior, and early activation of NMDAR function has long-lasting effects on adult mouse behavior., Mice that carry a heterozygous, autism spectrum disorder-risk C456Y mutation in the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B show decreased protein levels, hippocampal NMDAR currents, and NMDAR-dependent long-term depression and have abnormal anxiolytic-like behavior. Early, but not late, treatment of the young mice with the NMDAR agonist D-cycloserine rescues these phenotypes.

Published
2020
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15. Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Variations on Centennial Time Scales During the Past Two Millennia

Author

Thomas Blunier, Soon-Do Hur, Jinho Ahn, Axel Timmermann, Edward J. Brook, Yeongjun Ryu, Ji-Woong Yang, Seong-Joong Kim, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oregon State University (OSU), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pusan National University, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Korea Basic Science Institute, KBSI: IBS-R028-D1 National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF: NRF-2018R1A2B3003256, We thank Soonil An and Seok-Woo Son for valuable comments. Financial support was provided by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2018R1A2B3003256). A.?T. was supported by the Institute for Basic Science (Project Code IBS-R028-D1)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and IT University of Copenhagen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, N2O EMISSIONS, Subtropics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), STYX GLACIER, Ice core, Paleoclimatology, Ozone layer, paleoclimate, HOLOCENE, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Eemian, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, nitrous oxide, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Glacier, ASIAN SOUTHWEST MONSOON, NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE, SUMMER MONSOON, CLIMATE, VARIABILITY, 13. Climate action, Climatology, GREENLAND ICE CORE, VICTORIA LAND, Environmental science, ice core
Abstract

The continuous growth of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) is of concern for its potential role in global warming and future stratospheric ozone destruction. Climate feedbacks that enhance N2O emissions in response to global warming are not well understood, and past records of N2O from ice cores are not sufficiently well resolved to examine the underlying climate-N2O feedbacks on societally relevant time scales. Here, we present a new high-resolution and high-precision N2O reconstruction obtained from the Greenland NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) and the Antarctic Styx Glacier ice cores. Covering the N2O history of the past two millennia, our reconstruction shows a centennial-scale variability of similar to 10 ppb. A pronounced minimum at similar to 600 CE coincides with the reorganizations of tropical hydroclimate and ocean productivity changes. Comparisons with proxy records suggest association of centennial- to millennial-scale variations in N2O with changes in tropical and subtropical land hydrology and marine productivity.Plain Language Summary Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas. The growing level of N2O in the atmosphere is of global concern, and records of past N2O variations can provide an important context for understanding the links between N2O and climate change. In this study, we report new, high-quality N2O records covering the last two millennia using ice cores obtained from Greenland and Antarctica. Our N2O records show rapid centennial-scale changes in atmospheric N2O and confirm a pronounced minimum near 600 CE. Comparison with climate records suggests that hydroclimate change on land and changes in marine productivity contribute to centennial- to millennial-scale N2O variations.

Published
2020
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19. Large local lattice expansion in graphene adlayers grown on copper

Author

Hakim Arezki, Chaoyu Chen, Mohamed Boutchich, Young Hee Lee, Van Luan Nguyen, José Avila, Jiahong Shen, Marcin Mucha-Kruczynski, Maria C. Asensio, Fei Yao, Yue Chen, Synchrotron SOLEIL ( SSOLEIL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris ( GeePs ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -CentraleSupélec-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China., Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK., Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Florida] ( ECE ), University of Florida [Gainesville], Department of Energy Science, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sungkyunkwan University [Suwon] (SKKU), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Hong Kong], The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Department of Materials Science [Fudan University], Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Physics [Bath], University of Bath [Bath], and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology [University of Bath]

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Lattice constant, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Graphene, Mechanical Engineering, Heterojunction, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Copper, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology, [ PHYS.COND ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

International audience; Variations of the lattice parameter can significantly change the properties of a material, and, in particular, its electronic behaviour. In the case of graphene, however, variations of the lattice constant with respect to graphite have been limited to less than 2.5% due to its well-established high in-plane stiffness. Here, through systematic electronic and lattice structure studies, we report regions where the lattice constant of graphene monolayers grown on copper by chemical vapour deposition increases up to ~7.5% of its relaxed value. Density functional theory calculations confirm that this expanded phase is energetically metastable and driven by the enhanced interaction between the substrate and the graphene adlayer. We also prove that this phase possesses distinctive chemical and electronic properties. The inherent phase complexity of graphene grown on copper foils revealed in this study may inspire the investigation of possible metastable phases in other seemingly simple heterostructure systems.

Published
2018
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20. Active DNA damage eviction by HLTF stimulates nucleotide excision repair

Author

Marvin van Toorn, Yasemin Turkyilmaz, Sueji Han, Di Zhou, Hyun-Suk Kim, Irene Salas-Armenteros, Mihyun Kim, Masaki Akita, Franziska Wienholz, Anja Raams, Eunjin Ryu, Sukhyun Kang, Arjan F. Theil, Karel Bezstarosti, Maria Tresini, Giuseppina Giglia-Mari, Jeroen A. Demmers, Orlando D. Schärer, Jun-Hyuk Choi, Wim Vermeulen, Jurgen A. Marteijn, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University of Science and Technology [Daejeon] (UST), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pusan National University, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Giglia-Mari, Ambra, Molecular Genetics, and Biochemistry

Subjects
DNA Replication, post-replication repair, DNA Repair, TFIIH, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], damage eviction, DNA, Cell Biology, repair synthesis, HLTF, nucleotide excision repair, Article, UV damage response, DNA-Binding Proteins, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, DNA damage, Molecular Biology, genome stability
Abstract

International audience; Nucleotide excision repair (NER) counteracts the onset of cancer and aging by removing helix-distorting DNA lesions via a "cut-and-patch"-type reaction. The regulatory mechanisms that drive NER through its successive damage recognition, verification, incision, and gap restoration reaction steps remain elusive. Here, we show that the RAD5-related translocase HLTF facilitates repair through active eviction of incised damaged DNA together with associated repair proteins. Our data show a dual-incision-dependent recruitment of HLTF to the NER incision complex, which is mediated by HLTF's HIRAN domain that binds 3'-OH single-stranded DNA ends. HLTF's translocase motor subsequently promotes the dissociation of the stably damage-bound incision complex together with the incised oligonucleotide, allowing for an efficient PCNA loading and initiation of repair synthesis. Our findings uncover HLTF as an important NER factor that actively evicts DNA damage, thereby providing additional quality control by coordinating the transition between the excision and DNA synthesis steps to safeguard genome integrity.

Published
2022
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21. R. S. WebTool, a web server for random sampling-based significance evaluation of pairwise distances

Author

June M. Kwak, Olivier Bastien, Florent Villiers, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire végétale (LPCV), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, National Science Foundation (IOS1025837), Funding for open access charge: Institute for Basic Science, Republic of Korea, ANR-10-BLAN-1524,ReGal,Régulation moléculaire de la biosynthèse des Galactolipides chloroplastiques(2010), ANR-12-BIME-0005,DiaDomOil,Domestication des diatomées pour la production de biocarburants(2012), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-JCJC,ANR-12-JCJC,ANR-12-JCJC, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Villiers, Florent, and Bastien, Olivier

Subjects
Web server, MESH: computational biology, Bioinformatics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Monte Carlo method, Sciences du Vivant, Biology, computer.software_genre, Article, Software, Similarity (network science), Genetics, Cluster analysis, Internet, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Function (mathematics), Visualization, Bio-informatique, Pairwise comparison, Data mining, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, computer, Monte Carlo Method, Algorithms
Abstract

International audience; Pairwise comparison of data vectors represents a large part of computational biology, especially with the continuous increase in genome-wide approaches yielding more information from more biological samples simultaneously. Gene clustering for function prediction as well as analyses of signalling pathways and the time-dependent dynamics of a system are common biological approaches that often rely on large dataset comparison. Different metrics can be used to evaluate the similarity between entities to be compared, such as correlation coefficients and distances. While the latter offers a more flexible way of measuring potential biological relationships between datasets, the significance of any given distance is highly dependent on the dataset and cannot be easily determined. Monte Carlo methods are robust approaches for evaluating the significance of distance values by multiple random permutations of the dataset followed by distance calculation. We have developed R. S. WebTool (http://rswebtool.kwaklab.org), a user-friendly online server for random sampling-based evaluation of distance significances that features an array of visualization and analysis tools to help non-bioinformaticist users extract significant relationships from random noise in distance-based dataset analyses.

Published
2014
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22. Smoothness Analysis for Probabilistic Programs with Application to Optimised Variational Inference

Author

Wonyeol Lee, Xavier Rival, Hongseok Yang, Stanford University, Analyse Statique par Interprétation Abstraite (ANTIQUE), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yang was supported by the Engineering Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean Government MSIT (NRF-2018R1A5A1059921) and also by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R029-C1). Rival was supported by the French ANR VeriAMOS project, and ANR-18-CE25-0010,VeriAMOS,Vérification de Machines Abstraites pour les Systèmes d'Exploitation(2018)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Programming Languages, Probabilistic programming, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Static analysis, Variational inference, Smoothness, Software, Programming Languages (cs.PL), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

We present a static analysis for discovering differentiable or more generally smooth parts of a given probabilistic program, and show how the analysis can be used to improve the pathwise gradient estimator, one of the most popular methods for posterior inference and model learning. Our improvement increases the scope of the estimator from differentiable models to non-differentiable ones without requiring manual intervention of the user; the improved estimator automatically identifies differentiable parts of a given probabilistic program using our static analysis, and applies the pathwise gradient estimator to the identified parts while using a more general but less efficient estimator, called score estimator, for the rest of the program. Our analysis has a surprisingly subtle soundness argument, partly due to the misbehaviours of some target smoothness properties when viewed from the perspective of program analysis designers. For instance, some smoothness properties are not preserved by function composition, and this makes it difficult to analyse sequential composition soundly without heavily sacrificing precision. We formulate five assumptions on a target smoothness property, prove the soundness of our analysis under those assumptions, and show that our leading examples satisfy these assumptions. We also show that by using information from our analysis instantiated for differentiability, our improved gradient estimator satisfies an important differentiability requirement and thus computes the correct estimate on average (i.e., returns an unbiased estimate) under a regularity condition. Our experiments with representative probabilistic programs in the Pyro language show that our static analysis is capable of identifying smooth parts of those programs accurately, and making our improved pathwise gradient estimator exploit all the opportunities for high performance in those programs., Comment: To appear at POPL 2023 (camera-ready version with the appendix)

Published
2023
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23. Search for $^{22}$Na in novae supported by a novel method for measuring femtosecond nuclear lifetimes

Author

Chloé Fougères, Francois de Oliveira Santos, Jordi Jose, Caterina Michelagnoli, Emmanuel Clément, Yung Hee Kim, Antoine Lemasson, Valdir Guimaraes, Diego Barrientos, Daniel Bemmerer, Giovanna Benzoni, Andrew Boston, Roman Bottger, Florent Boulay, Angela Bracco, Igor Celikovic, Bo Cederwall, Michal Ciemala, Clement Delafosse, Cesar Domingo-Pardo, Jeremie Dudouet, Jurgen Eberth, Zsolt Fulop, Vicente Gonzalez, Johan Goupil, Herbert Hess, Andrea Jungclaus, Ayse Kaşkaş, Amel Korichi, Silvia Lenzi, Silvia Leoni, Hongjie Li, Joa Ljungvall, Araceli Lopez-Martens, Roberto Menegazzo, Daniele Mengoni, Benedicte Million, Jaromir Mrazek, Daniel Napoli, Alahari Navin, Johan Nyberg, Zsolt Podolyak, Alberto Pullia, Begona Quintana, Damien Ralet, Nadine Redon, Peter Reiter, Kseniia Rezynkina, Frédéric Saillant, Marie-Delphine Salsac, Angel Sánchez-Benítez, Enrique Sanchis, Menekse Senyigit, Marco Siciliano, Nadezda Smirnova, Dorottya Sohler, mihai stanoiu, Christophe Theisen, Jose Javier Valiente-Dobon, Predrag Ujic, Madalena Zielinska, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon] (IBS), Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), CERN [Genève], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), University of Liverpool, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade (VINCA), Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Valencia, Universitat de València (UV), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Kernphysik der Universität zu Köln, Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Institute for Nuclear Research [Budapest] (ATOMKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Physics Department, Ankara University, Ankara University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, University of Surrey (UNIS), Universidad de Salamanca, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CEAFMC, University of Huelva, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis Bordeaux (LP2I - Bordeaux), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH Bucharest, ANR-17-CE31-0026,OASIS,Optimisation d'Agata pour la physique(2017), and European Project: 212692,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2007-1,SPIRAL2PP(2007)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astrophysics and Astronomy, astro-ph.SR, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), nucl-ex, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions in stellar binary systems, and important sources of $^{26}$Al and $^{22}$Na. While gamma rays from the decay of the former radioisotope have been observed throughout the Galaxy, $^{22}$Na remains untraceable. The half-life of $^{22}$Na (2.6 yr) would allow the observation of its 1.275 MeV gamma-ray line from a cosmic source. However, the prediction of such an observation requires good knowledge of the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of this nucleus. The $^{22}$Na($p,\gamma$)$^{23}$Mg reaction remains the only source of large uncertainty about the amount of $^{22}$Na ejected. Its rate is dominated by a single resonance on the short-lived state at 7785.0(7) keV in $^{23}$Mg. In the present work, a combined analysis of particle-particle correlations and velocity-difference profiles is proposed to measure femtosecond nuclear lifetimes. The application of this novel method to the study of the $^{23}$Mg states, combining magnetic and highly-segmented tracking gamma-ray spectrometers, places strong limits on the amount of $^{22}$Na produced in novae, explains its non-observation to date in gamma rays (flux < 2.5x$10^{-4}$ ph/(cm$^2$s)), and constrains its detectability with future space-borne observatories., Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Published
2022

41. XPC–PARP complexes engage the chromatin remodeler ALC1 to catalyze global genome DNA damage repair

Author

Blessing, Charlotte, Apelt, Katja, Van Den Heuvel, Diana, González Leal, Claudia, Rother, Magdalena B, Van Der Woude, Melanie, González Prieto, Román, Luijsterburg, Martijn S., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Celular, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), Dutch Cancer Society, European Research Council (ERC), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS). Korea, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Israel Cancer Research Fund Research Career Development Award, Israel Cancer Association, Israel Science Foundation, Dutch Research Council, and National Cancer Institute (USA)

Abstract

Cells employ global genome nucleotide excision repair (GGR) to eliminate a broad spectrum of DNA lesions, including those induced by UV light. The lesion-recognition factor XPC initiates repair of helix-destabilizing DNA lesions, but binds poorly to lesions such as CPDs that do not destabilize DNA. How difficult-to-repair lesions are detected in chromatin is unknown. Here, we identify the poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 as constitutive interactors of XPC. Their interaction results in the XPC-stimulated synthesis of poly-(ADP-ribose) (PAR) by PARP1 at UV lesions, which in turn enables the recruitment and activation of the PAR-regulated chromatin remodeler ALC1. PARP2, on the other hand, modulates the retention of ALC1 at DNA damage sites. Notably, ALC1 mediates chromatin expansion at UV-induced DNA lesions, leading to the timely clearing of CPD lesions. Thus, we reveal how chromatin containing difficult-to-repair DNA lesions is primed for repair, providing insight into mechanisms of chromatin plasticity during GGR. German Research Foundation 213249687 - SFB 1064, 325871075 - SFB 1309 Dutch Cancer Society KWF-YIG 11367 European Research Council 310913 Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research 711.018.007 Institute of Basic Science IBS-R022-A1 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2016-05868, RGPAS-492875-2016 Israel Cancer Research Fund Research Career Development Award 3013004741 Dutch Research Council ENW-M (OCENW.KLEIN.090), ALW.016.161.320, VI.C.182.052 National Cancer Insitute P01- CA092584 Israel Cancer Association 20210078 Israel Science Foundation 1710/17

Published
2022

46. Obstructions for matroids of path-width at most k and graphs of linear rank-width at most k

Author

Kant��, Mamadou Moustapha, Kim, Eun Jung, Kwon, O-joung, Oum, Sang-il, Kim, Eunjung, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Incheon National University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon] (IBS)

Subjects
Mathematics of computing ��� Graph theory, path-width, linear rank-width, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], graph, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Theoretical Computer Science, forbidden minor, Computational Theory and Mathematics, vertex-minor, FOS: Mathematics, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, matroid, Mathematics - Combinatorics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Combinatorics (math.CO), pivot-minor, 05B35 (Primary), 05C75 (Secondary)
Abstract

Every minor-closed class of matroids of bounded branch-width can be characterized by a list of excluded minors, but unlike graphs, this list may need to be infinite in general. However, for each fixed finite field $\mathbb F$, the list needs to contain only finitely many $\mathbb F$-representable matroids, due to the well-quasi-ordering of $\mathbb F$-representable matroids of bounded branch-width under taking matroid minors [J. F. Geelen, A. M. H. Gerards, and G. Whittle (2002)]. But this proof is non-constructive and does not provide any algorithm for computing these $\mathbb F$-representable excluded minors in general. We consider the class of matroids of path-width at most $k$ for fixed $k$. We prove that for a finite field $\mathbb F$, every $\mathbb F$-representable excluded minor for the class of matroids of path-width at most $k$ has at most $2^{|\mathbb{F}|^{O(k^2)}}$ elements. We can therefore compute, for any integer $k$ and a fixed finite field $\mathbb F$, the set of $\mathbb F$-representable excluded minors for the class of matroids of path-width $k$, and this gives as a corollary a polynomial-time algorithm for checking whether the path-width of an $\mathbb F$-represented matroid is at most $k$. We also prove that every excluded pivot-minor for the class of graphs having linear rank-width at most $k$ has at most $2^{2^{O(k^2)}}$ vertices, which also results in a similar algorithmic consequence for linear rank-width of graphs., 19 pages; slightly revised

Published
2021
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47. Current-controlled magnetization using interfacial localizations in heterostructures

Author

Younghun Jo, Wilfrid Prellier, Prahallad Padhan, Eui-Young Choi, Byeong Kook Park, Seung-Young Park, Jiwon Seo, Seok Hyeon Hong, Byeong Cheol Min, Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Yonsei University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon] (IBS), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), and Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)

Subjects
Materials science, Magnetoresistance, Magnetism, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Matrix (mathematics), Magnetization, Antiferromagnetism, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Interfacial localization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Heterojunction, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Interface, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic inhomogeneity, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Magnetic field, Ferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Current-controlled magnetization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; A systematic study is conducted on an electrically controlled magnetization in tri-layers containing two layers of ferromagnetic (FM) SrRuO3, with antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulating manganites sandwiched in between. Magneto-resistance curves exhibit that a huge weak anti-localization or localization shapes around zero magnetic field and the localization shapes and coercive fields change simultaneously by currents. This results propose that interface-driven magnetic inhomogeneity such as the FM clusters embedded in the AFM matrix, and corresponding localizations play a role as a bridge between the current and magnetism. The results suggest that interfacial magnetism can cause new functions in a heterostructure, leading to an expansion of research subjects of current-controlled magnetism.

Published
2021
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48. New Multiscale Characterization Methodology for Effective Determination of Isolation–Structure–Function Relationship of Extracellular Vesicles

Author

Thanh Huyen Phan, Shiva Kamini Divakarla, Jia Hao Yeo, Qingyu Lei, Priyanka Tharkar, Taisa Nogueira Pansani, Kathryn G. Leslie, Maggie Tong, Victoria A. Coleman, Åsa Jämting, Mar-Dean Du Plessis, Elizabeth J. New, Bill Kalionis, Philip Demokritou, Hyun-Kyung Woo, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Wojciech Chrzanowski, The University of Sydney, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), National Measurement Institute Australia, The University of Melbourne, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Molecular composition, Histology, Computer science, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, exosomes, Extracellular vesicles, single vesicle analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, ultracentrifugation, isolation methods, mesenchymal stromal/stem cell, nanodosimetry, Original Research, tangential flow filtration, Structure function, Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Characterization (materials science), 030104 developmental biology, Biochemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, extracellular vesicles, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-07 Medical Advances Without Animals Trust Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been lauded as next-generation medicines, but very few EV-based therapeutics have progressed to clinical use. Limited clinical translation is largely due to technical barriers that hamper our ability to mass produce EVs, i.e., to isolate, purify, and characterize them effectively. Technical limitations in comprehensive characterization of EVs lead to unpredicted biological effects of EVs. Here, using a range of optical and non-optical techniques, we showed that the differences in molecular composition of EVs isolated using two isolation methods correlated with the differences in their biological function. Our results demonstrated that the isolation method determines the composition of isolated EVs at single and sub-population levels. Besides the composition, we measured for the first time the dry mass and predicted sedimentation of EVs. These parameters were likely to contribute to the biological and functional effects of EVs on single cell and cell cultures. We anticipate that our new multiscale characterization approach, which goes beyond traditional experimental methodology, will support fundamental understanding of EVs as well as elucidate the functional effects of EVs in in vitro and in vivo studies. Our findings and methodology will be pivotal for developing optimal isolation methods and establishing EVs as mainstream therapeutics and diagnostics. This innovative approach is applicable to a wide range of sectors including biopharma and biotechnology as well as to regulatory agencies. Sydney School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Nanometrology Section National Measurement Institute Australia School of Chemistry Faculty of Science Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre The Royal Women’s Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Melbourne Department of Environmental Health Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Center for Soft and Living Matter Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Department of Biomedical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara School of Dentistry UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista

Published
2021
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